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8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 1228-1231, The results reported in the document are related to one of the agrivoltaic (APV) tests in progress in Kourtesi photovoltaic (PV) plant in Greece, as part of the wide experimental program launched by Enel Green Power (EGP) in January 2021. Aromatic species have been implemented in three different areas: in the corridors between two modules rows, underneath the modules and in a control area, free from panels. In addition, in unused marginal areas specific crops have been implemented, enabling new business models, with a circular bioeconomy approach, delivering new win-win solutions for the management of the PV plant and nearby farmers. Proximity and remote sensing networks allow to collect data about all the crops, as a valid support tool to schedule irrigation and fertilization activities. Sustainable agricultural practices have been also implemented, as the use of Riterra, a biodegradable in soil mulching film made of Mater-Bi, a family of completely biodegradable and compostable bioplastics produced by Novamont. Preliminary results for the aromatic species have shown no differences in crops growth between the corridor and the control area. Crops growth monitoring will continue up to 2023, to assess the results and the best sustainable agronomic practices for improving the crops growth.

Objective: The self-isolation measures employed during the COVID-19 pandemic made it difficult for basic needs to be met, thus increasing emotional distress. It has been suggested that socially meaningful online gaming buffered emotional distress during the lockdown. This study aimed to test the protective effect of online gaming during the lockdown and to investigate the differences between highly involved gamers (those who play videogames intensely without adverse consequences) and problematic gamers in this regard. Method: Capitalizing on a data collection that started before the pandemic, we adopted a cross-sectional between-groups study design in which gaming patterns, gaming-related variables and levels of emotional distress were compared between a pre-COVID group (N=298) and a COVID group (N=366). Results: Compared to the pre-COVID group, high involvement in gaming was more prominent and emotional distress was decreased in the COVID group. Moderated regression analyses further revealed that the interaction between social compensation via gaming and highly involved gaming was associated with lower levels of emotional distress in the COVID-19 group. In contrast, the interaction between gaming-related relaxation and problematic gaming predicted higher emotional distress in the COVID-19 group. Conclusions: This study suggests that gaming for social compensation might miti-gate the experienced emotional distress during pandemic related self-isolation, whereas maladaptive gaming patterns could constitute a vulnerability factor deserving clinical attention.

Objective: Recent research has suggested that problematic smartphone use is associated with several psychological factors and that mobile apps and smartphone-related behavior (i.e. selfi e behavior) may encourage the development of problematic smartphone use. However, little is known about how the interplay between dysfunctional personality characteristics and selfi e-related behavior can infl uence problematic smartphone use. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between narcissism and problematic smartphone use, as well as the mediating role of selfi e-related behavior in this relationship among young men and women. Method: In the current study, a total of 627 undergraduate students (283 males and 344 females) completed a cross-sectional survey. A structural equation model was tested separately for males and females in order to evaluate the associations between narcissism, selfi e-related behavior and problematic smartphone use. Results: The results showed that greater narcissism was related to increased selfi e-related behavior, which in turn were positively associated with problematic smartphone use both for males and females. However, selfi e-related behavior mediated the relationship between narcissism and problematic smartphone use only for females. Conclusions: The study provides fresh insight into our understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying problematic smartphone use, which may inform prevention and treatment interventions.

Negli ultimi anni la ricerca e la clinica nell’ambito della psicoterapia dell’adolescenza hanno mostrato l’efficacia del dispositivo gruppale quale contesto di cura capace di sostenere le problematiche legate ad un difficile processo di individuazione e al superamento dei compiti evolutivi. Il lavoro che presentiamo riguarda la realizzazione di un gruppo gruppo-analitico a tempo determinato per adolescenti (pazienti con DCA). Obiettivo del nostro studio è mettere in evidenza, attraverso l’esemplificazione fornita dall’esperienza clinica, le specificità che caratterizzano il setting gruppale quando esso si rivolge a questa popolazione. Il gruppo è per l’adolescente un luogo familiare nel quale riconoscersi e transitare mentre, alle prese con il difficile passaggio alla vita adulta, si muove verso un cambiamento al tempo stesso desiderato e temuto; cambiamento che necessita di un ri-attraversamento della propria storia tenendo conto della dimensione progettuale. Gli aspetti teorico-clinici si traducono nella realizzazione di un dispositivo che risponda ai bisogni urgenti delle pazienti. Il tempo rappresenta il parametro che informa il dispositivo: la fase di selezione diventa il tempo della valutazione diagnostica; la conclusione dell’esperienza stabilita con un tempo predeterminato prefigura l’elemento della separazione facilitando i processi di separazione-individuazione che riguardano, per le pazienti, gran parte del lavoro terapeutico. La coesione e un clima di gruppo positivo risultano (attraverso gli strumenti di ricerca utilizzati) le dimensioni che più concorrono nel determinare l’efficacia stessa della psicoterapia.

Group Supervision: topics, process and outcome Di Falco G., Ferraro A M., Pruiti Ciarello F , Giunta S., Giannone F., Di Blasi M., Lo Verso G. Clinical supervision has been defined as a 'dynamic, interpersonally-focused experience which promotes the development of therapeutic efficiency (...) consequently supervision must be acknowledged as a cornerstone of clinical practice' (Community Psychiatric Nurses Association, 1989). The study analyzes topics, process and outcome of a Leader-Led Peer Group Supervision, inside a TC for psychiatric patients. The research project aims to recognize the main topics of group supervision, in order to analyze its process. The main hypothesis is that supervision process, moving from “Institutional Analysis” to “The clinical discussion” improves the relationship between group members and, indirectly, the quality of care for psychiatric patients. In order to collect data were been used CBI; Questionnaire for the evaluation of social workers satisfaction; RSE; CSE; Questionnaire for Patients’ Satisfaction; GMLCS; Data analysis confirms that Supervision, working on these themes, allows to improve the quality of care of psychiatric patients, and social workers’ wellbeing.

Aims: chronic groin pain caused by an occult hernia can be a difficult clinical diagnosis and may require additional investiga- tive modalities. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the accuracy of ultrasound in diagnosing occult hernia in patients with recurrent inguinal pain and a negative clinical examination. Patients and methods: over a period of three years, a total of 76 patients were referred for ultrasound examination with clini- cally suspected occult inguinal hernia. Patients with positive US scans were offered surgery, while those with negative US findings were offered further imaging or other diagnostic tests. The ultrasound examination of the inguinal region was conducted using a 5- 10 MHz linear probe. The scan was performed with the patient in the supine and erect positions, in a relaxed state, as well as during coughing and during a Valsalva manoeuvre. Results: overall, ultrasound diagnosed 31 inguinal hernias and all 31 patients with positive scans underwent surgery. Surgery confirmed the ultrasound diagnosis in 30 patients, having only 1/31 no hernia at operation (100% ultrasound sensitivity and 96.9% specificity). Patients undergoing surgery showed complete symptom resolution at a three-month follow-up. Conclusions: this study confirms that ultrasound is capable of accurately diagnosing groin hernia and this may justify its use in patients with chronic groin pain due to a suspected occult hernia

Surgery is considered mandatory for major oesophageal perforations but the operative risk in cirrhotic patients is very high. The best treatment of these perforations is unknown as these have been always analyzed together with all other kinds of oesophageal perforations. A case is reported of spontaneous healing of severe postsclerosal perforation in an aged cirrhotic patient treated conservatively who otherwise should have been treated surgically. Conclusions are that due to the rarity and the cirrhosis, the common guidelines for the treatment of major esophageal perforations are not to be automatically extended to these perforations as postsclerosal perforation is clinically particular, etiologically and prognostically different than all other oesophageal perforations. Conservative but active treatment is to be tried first also with major postsclerosal oesophageal perforations.

The COVID-19 pandemic is increasing negative consequences on mental health around the globe. To date, research on what psychological factors could influence individuals’ distress is still scarce. The current study aims to test a multiple mediation model to examine the role of Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) and emotional regulation (i.e., expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal) as joint factors, which can increase understanding of psychological distress due to the COVID-19 outbreak. An online survey measuring fear of COVID-19, IU, emotional regulation, and psychological distress was administered to 3863 Italian adults (females 73.3%; Mage = 36.44; SD = 14.74) during lockdown. Results showed that IU partially mediated the effect of fear of COVID-19 on depression, anxiety and stress. Moreover, individuals with difficulties in managing the uncertainties due to their fear of COVID-19 may be at risk for heightened use of expressive suppression and depression. However, individuals with both higher IU and expressive suppression showed lower level of stress. High cognitive reappraisal has a mediational effect on the relationship between fear of COVID-19, IU, and lower psychological distress. Findings suggest that IU and emotional regulation should be targeted for informing the development of tailored treatments to reduce the negative consequences of the outbreak.

Background. A growing body of research has highlighted the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s mental health. Previous studies showed that women have higher levels of depression, anxiety and PTSD, and worse psychological adjustment than men, which also persisted after the earlier phase of the pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate changes in women’s psychological distress during the pandemic and to evaluate the factors that have a more significant impact in predicting women’s psychological distress. Methods. This two-wave longitudinal study (T1 = Italian first lockdown, and T2 = second phase, when the restrictive measures were eased) involved 893 women (Mage = 36.45, SD = 14.48). Participants provided demographic and health data as well as measures of psychological distress, emotion regulation processes, and ability to tolerate uncertainty. Results. No significant changes were found in women’s psychological distress between T1 and T2, i.e., during and after the first lockdown. Lower social stability status and higher maladaptive emotional coping predicted high psychological distress. Conclusions. Results showed that modifiable psychological variables play a central role in predicting distress and indicated that emotion regulation interventions might be helpful in increasing psychological resilience and mitigating the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic within the female population.

Background Although preliminary research has evidenced negative psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic among the general population, little research has been carried out examining the interplay among the broader dimensions and correlates of individual distress. Via network analysis, the current study investigated the pathways that underlie some components of psychological distress and their changes over time (during and post COVID-19-related lockdown). Methods 1,129 adult participants (79.1% women) completed a two-wave online survey during and after the lockdown, and reported on variables such as depression, anxiety, stress, fear of COVID, intolerance of uncertainty, emotion regulation and social support. The networks were estimated via Gaussian Graphical Models and their temporal changes were compared through the centrality measures. Results Depression, stress, anxiety and fear of COVID formed a spatially contiguous pattern, which remained unchanged in both the two waves. After the lockdown, the fear of COVID node reduced its strength in the network, whereas inhibitory intolerance of uncertainty and emotion suppression were associated with depression. Emotion regulation was connected to depression, but not to stress and anxiety during both waves. Perceived emotional support had few connections to the other nodes. Limitations Only 32.7% of participants provided complete responses for both waves. Conclusion The COVID-19 outbreak has had a significant psychosocial impact on adults. In the context of the network approach, depressive symptoms had the highest strength and their associations to other dimensions of individual distress may be key factors in understanding the influence of exposure to the COVID-19 outbreak on mental health.

Abstract. The Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) is widely used to measure problematic smartphone use (PSU). Although the SPAI has been translated and validated in different countries, its measurement invariance across gender has received little research attention. This study aimed to examine whether men and women interpreted the Italian version of the SPAI (SPAI-I) similarly and, consequently, whether the observed gender differences in SPAI scores, which have been shown in previous studies, could be due to true differences, rather than to differences in measurement. Six hundred nineteen Italian young adults ( Mage = 22.02 ± 2.63; 55.7% women) took part in the study and completed the SPAI-I. Multigroup CFA was applied to test the measurement invariance across gender, and the item parameter invariance was investigated with the item-response theory (IRT) differential item functioning (DIF) method for multidimensional models. Evidence of measurement invariance across gender was found. Only one item (i.e., item 14, “The idea of using smartphone comes as the first thought on mind when waking up each morning”) out of 24 items of the SPAI-I showed DIF with a large effect size. Gender-related differences found with the SPAI-I reflect true differences in smartphone overuse rather than specific characteristics of the measure.

The stress and anxiety caused by the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) have exacerbated body image concerns. A society that perpetuates the attempt for a perfect and thin appearance represents a fertile ground for the development of exercise addiction (EA). This cross-sectional study aims to explore EA during the second wave of the pandemic (October–December 2020) and to examine the independent influence of both time spent on moderate and vigorous physical activities and body image variables (i.e., drive for leanness and sociocultural attitudes toward appearance) on EA. A sample of Italian sporty people (N = 194; 48.5% females; Mage = 25.91 ± 6.32) was surveyed using the Exercise Addiction Inventory, the Drive for Leanness Scale, the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire, and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. A total of 82% of the sample were symptomatic of and 11.3% were at risk of EA. Hierarchical regressions revealed an association between the time spent on vigorous physical activities and levels of EA (p < 0.05). Moreover, body image variables were positively related to EA, explaining an additional 11% of variance (p < 0.05). Results showed the importance of considering and addressing body image factors to investigate and dampen the risk of EA among sporty people.