28 results on '"DG Environment"'
Search Results
2. Sustainable agriculture with profitable farming and biodiversity conservation
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Laurianne Mouysset, Luc Doyen, Frederic Jiguet, Economie Publique (ECO-PUB), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DG Environment News Alert Service, European Commission, Science for Environment Policy., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Onfroy, Karine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
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[QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin] ,[QFIN] Quantitative Finance [q-fin] - Published
- 2014
3. Scenarios of water demand management Impacts at regional level. Case study report: The Boutonne River Basin (France)
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Le Mat, O., Loubier, S., Strosser, P., Gleyses, G., ACTEON SARL COLMAR FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-AgroParisTech-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), irstea, and European Commission DG Environment Project (contract ENV.D.2/ETU/2007/00097r)
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[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,FRANCE ,BASSIN DE LA BOUTONNE - Abstract
[Departement_IRSTEA]RE [TR1_IRSTEA]GES / USAGES; Ce rapport explore l'impact de divers scénarios de gestion de la demande en eau sur le bassin de la Boutonne (France).
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- 2008
4. Emerging tools in a socio-economic regulatory context
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Benoit Roig, Richard Greenwood, Philippe Quevauviller, IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), European Commission, DG environment, and University of Portsmouth
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010401 analytical chemistry ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,emerging tool ,monitoring ,[CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry ,Political science ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Economic geography ,0210 nano-technology ,Spectroscopy ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2007
5. Lichenometry in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru: 'Little Ice Age' moraine chronology
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Georg Kaser, Vincent Jomelli, Bernard Pouyaud, Alcides Ames, Olga Solomina, Bernhard Berger, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tropical Glaciology Group, University of Innsbruck, Institut für Geographie [Innsbruck], Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Unité de Recherche Great Ice, DG Environment, and European Commission [Brussels]
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010506 paleontology ,Tropical andes ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Growth phase ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,cordillera blanca ,lichenometry ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,Little ice age ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Global and Planetary Change ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Glacier ,biology.organism_classification ,Lichenometry ,13. Climate action ,Moraine ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,"Little Ice Age" moraines ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Rhizocarpon ,Physical geography ,Geology ,Chronology - Abstract
This paper is a comparison and compilation of lichenometric and geomorphic studies performed by two independent teams in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru, in 1996 and 2002 on 66 “Little Ice Age” moraines of 14 glaciers. Using eleven new control points, we recalibrated the initial rapid growth phase of the previously established Rhizocarpon subgenus Rhizocarpon growth curve. This curve was then used to estimate the age of “Little Ice Age” moraines. The time of deposition of the most prominent and numerous terminal and lateral moraines on the Pacific-facing side of the Cordillera Blanca (between AD 1590 and AD 1720) corresponds to the coldest and wettest phase in the tropical Andes as revealed by ice-core data. Less prominent advances occurred between AD 1780 and 1880.
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- 2007
6. CityDelta : a model intercomparison study to explore the impact of emission reductions in European cities in 2010
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Enrico Minguzzi, C. Cuvelier, Bruce Denby, Guido Pirovano, Marialuisa Volta, Markus Amann, O. Hellmuth, Laurence Rouil, F. Brocheton, John Douros, Elisabetta Vignati, A. Zuber, Martijn Schaap, C. Pertot, Ruwim Berkowicz, A. Coppalle, Peter J. H. Builtjes, Bertrand Bessagnet, Peter Wind, Jørgen Brandt, Robert Vautard, A. Kerschbaumer, M. Bedogni, L. White, Philippe Thunis, Cécile Honore, Nicolas Moussiopoulos, Alma Hodzic, R. Stern, Ferd Sauter, A. Graf, C. Carnavale, Vincent-Henri Peuch, F. A. A. M. de Leeuw, Leonor Tarrasón, Jan Eiof Jonson, JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Mobility & Environment Agency, Agenzia Milanese Mobilità e Ambiente, National Environment Research Institute, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Università degli Studi di Brescia [Brescia], Complexe de recherche interprofessionnel en aérothermochimie (CORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Environmental Engineering [Thessaloniki] (LHTEE), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Übergreifende Angelegenheiten der Luftreinhaltung, Umweltbundesamt, Department of Modelling, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Institut für Meteorologie [Berlin], Freie Universität Berlin, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Servizio Idro-Meteorologico ARPA Emilia Romagna (ARPA-SIM), ARPA Emilia-Romagna, Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente, Environment and Sustainable Development Department, CESI Ricerca S.p.A., Center for Substances and Integrated Risk Assessement, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), White Associates, DG-Environment, European Commission [Brussels], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Brescia = University of Brescia (UniBs), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Meteorology ,Public policy ,Context (language use) ,EMISSION-REDUCTION SCENARIOS ,010501 environmental sciences ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Transport engineering ,PARTICULATE MATTER ,11. Sustainability ,European commission ,Environmental policy ,Air quality index ,Environmental quality ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,OZONE ,AIR QUALITY ,16. Peace & justice ,13. Climate action ,Scale (social sciences) ,MODEL INTERCOMPARISON ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Environmental science ,Strengths and weaknesses - Abstract
International audience; This paper gives an overview of the set up, methodology and the obtained results of the CityDelta (phase 1 and 2) project. In the context of the Clean Air For Europe programme of the European Commission, the CityDelta project was designed to evaluate the impact of emission-reduction strategies on air quality at the European continental scale and in European cities. Ozone and particulate matter (PM) are the main components that have been studied. To achieve this goal, a model intercomparison study was organized with the participation of more than 20 modelling groups with a large number of modelling configurations. Two following main topics can be identified in the project. First, in order to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses, the participating models were evaluated against observations in a control year (1999). An accompanying paper will discuss in detail this evaluation aspect for four European cities. The second topic is the actual evaluation of the impact of emission reductions on levels of ozone and PM, with particular attention to the differences between large-scale and fine-scale models. An accompanying paper will discuss this point in detail. In this overview paper the main input to the intercomparison is described as well as the use of the ensemble approach. Finally, attention is given to the policy relevant issue on how to implement the urban air quality signal into large-scale air quality models through the use of functional relationships.
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- 2007
7. Soil atlas of Europe
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Jones, Arvwyn, Montanarella, Luca, Jones, Robert, Akça, Erhan, Alba, Saturnino de, Alvarez, Avelino Garcia, Bialousz, Stanislaw, Berger, Bernhard, Bielek, Pavol, Blum, Windried, Breuning-Madsen, Henrik, Buivydaite, Vanda Valerija, Cangir, Cemil, Daroussin, Joel, Dinç, Ural, Dudal, Raoul, Düwel, Olaf, Eckelmann, Wolf, Freudenschuss, Alexandra, Fritz, Steffen, Hartley, Andrew, Hartwich, Reinhard, Hiederer, Roland, Hollis, John, Houšková, Beata, Huber, Sigbert, Jamagne, Marcel, Jasinskas, Jonas, Kapur, Selim, Karklins, Aldis, Kibblewhite, Mark G., King, Dominique, Kolev, Nikola, Kozak, Joseph, Le Bas, Christine, Magaldi, Donatello, Marti, Juan José Ibanez, Micheli, Erika, Nachtergaele, Freddy, Nemecek, Jan, Nyborg, Age, Olazabal, Claudia, Presler, Jiri, Reintam, Loit, Ritz, Karl, Ruiz, José-Maria Garcia, Spaargaren, Otto, Stolbovoi, Vladimir, Thompson, Dick, van den Akker, Jan J. H., Van Ranst, Eric, Várallyay, György, Wösten, Henk, Zdruli, Pandi, Institute for Environment and Sustanability, European Commission [Brussels], University of Çukurova, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw], DG Environment, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Unité de recherche Science du Sol (USS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Harran, Institute of Land and Water Management, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Umweltbundesamt, European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), National Soil Resources Institute, US : Unité INFOSOL, State Land Survey Institute, Latvia University of Agriculture, Nikola Poushkarov Institute of Soil Science, Czech University of Agriculture, Unité INFOSOL (ORLEANS INFOSOL), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila [L'Aquila] (UNIVAQ.IT), Szent István University, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Norwegian Institute of Land Inventory, Arbeitsgruppe für Bodenklassifikation und Nomenklatur der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweiz, Estonian Agricultural University, World Soil Information (ISRIC), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Laboratory of Soil Science, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry (ATK TAKI), Centre for Agricultural Research [Budapest] (ATK), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Bari (CIHEAM-IAMB), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Absent, Cukurova University, InfoSol (InfoSol), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT)
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[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes - Abstract
absent
- Published
- 2005
8. Comment calculer le coût complet d'un système d'offre en eau d'irrigation
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Rieu, Thomas, Loubier, S., Irrigation (UR IRMO), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), irstea, and European Commission, DG Environment, CIRCA, Brussels (Belgium)
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[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Abstract
Investments in harnessing water resources and supplying users with raw water generally receive substantial financial support from the public authorities. This creates a gap between the price paid by users and the costs borne by society at large. In response to conflicts between different uses and questions about the sustainability of water supply systems, the French Water Agencies and the French Ministry of the Environment asked Cemagref (French centre for environmental and agricultural research) to produce a study on methods of costing schemes used to harness water resources for irrigation (GLEYSES and LOUBIER, 2000). This document is based on that study, which focused on the production of raw water for agricultural use in particular.The study describes a method for calculating the full cost using the expenses directly attributable to harnessing the resources and borne by the stakeholders directly concerned: the public authorities, managers and users. The method proposed can also be applied to external costs whenever it is possible to identify stakeholders who are affected by externalities and who have incurred expenses to avoid them or to remedy their effects. Calculating the full cost emphasises two of the principal features specific to water supply systems: (i) they consist of assets with service lives of varying lengths, often extending beyond the terms of the loans taken out to finance them; (ii) the subsequent maintenance costs grow over time and are not easy to foresee. Methodological options are proposed for both these points. Apart from these two features, the costing model is based on traditional economics, such as financial evaluation techniques and the discounting principle. The full cost consists of the cost of capital, maintenance costs and operating costs plus any calculable external costs. The cost of capital is the sum of the opportunity cost of the capital invested and of the loss of value of the assets over time as a result of wear and tear. The opportunity cost reflects the return that could have been gained from alternative use of the capital invested. The maintenance costs are calculated from the sum, at present value, of a series of annual expenditures that rise with the age of the assets. This series is obtained from a model for estimating maintenance spending drawing on the expertise acquired in this field by various managers. The operating cost is based on the running costs entered in the accounts for any given year. Recommendations are made to assist in selecting the two principal elements: the service life of the assets, which is guided by standards established by the various ministries, and the discount rate.
- Published
- 2001
9. Examining the international bushmeat traffic in Belgium: A threat to conservation and public health.
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Chaber AL, Moloney GK, Renault V, Morrison-Lanjouw S, Garigliany M, Flandroy L, Pires D, Busoni V, Saegerman C, and Gaubert P
- Abstract
The carriage of bushmeat into the European Union is an infringement of EU Animal Health and Wildlife Trade legislation and poses a threat to biodiversity and public health. To explore the nature and scale of the international bushmeat trade, seized leaking luggage and passengers arriving at Brussels Zaventem airport from sub-Saharan Africa between 2017 and 2018 were searched for "meat" (bushmeat and livestock) by border control authorities. Visual identification, radiography and genetic analysis were applied to derive information from seized specimens, including at least ten CITES-listed species. We estimate that an average of 3.9 t of bushmeat is smuggled monthly through Brussels. The average consignment of meat seized per passenger was 2.8 kg and 4 kg of bushmeat or domestic livestock meat, respectively. The international trafficking of bushmeat is evidently active, yet penalties are rarely enforced; hence we provide suggestions to simplify law enforcement procedures., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no conflicts of interest in this project., (© 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2023
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10. Berlin statement on legacy and emerging contaminants in polar regions.
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Ebinghaus R, Barbaro E, Bengtson Nash S, de Avila C, de Wit CA, Dulio V, Felden J, Franco A, Gandrass J, Grotti M, Herata H, Hughes KA, Jartun M, Joerss H, Kallenborn R, Koschorreck J, Küster A, Lohmann R, Wang Z, MacLeod M, Pugh R, Rauert C, Slobodnik J, Sühring R, Vorkamp K, and Xie Z
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- Antarctic Regions, Arctic Regions, Cold Climate, Environmental Pollution prevention & control, Risk Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollutants analysis
- Abstract
Polar regions should be given greater consideration with respect to the monitoring, risk assessment, and management of potentially harmful chemicals, consistent with requirements of the precautionary principle. Protecting the vulnerable polar environments requires (i) raising political and public awareness and (ii) restricting and preventing global emissions of harmful chemicals at their sources. The Berlin Statement is the outcome of an international workshop with representatives of the European Commission, the Arctic Council, the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), environmental specimen banks, and data centers, as well as scientists from various international research institutions. The statement addresses urgent chemical pollution issues in the polar regions and provides recommendations for improving screening, monitoring, risk assessment, research cooperation, and open data sharing to provide environmental policy makers and chemicals management decision-makers with relevant and reliable contaminant data to better protect the polar environments. The consensus reached at the workshop can be summarized in just two words: "Act now!" Specifically, "Act now!" to reduce the presence and impact of anthropogenic chemical pollution in polar regions by. •Establishing participatory co-development frameworks in a permanent multi-disciplinary platform for Arctic-Antarctic collaborations and establishing exchanges between the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) of the Arctic Council and the Antarctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AnMAP) of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) to increase the visibility and exchange of contaminant data and to support the development of harmonized monitoring programs. •Integrating environmental specimen banking, innovative screening approaches and archiving systems, to provide opportunities for improved assessment of contaminants to protect polar regions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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11. Use of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) in regulatory decisions for chemical safety: Report from an EPAA Deep Dive Workshop.
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Westmoreland C, Bender HJ, Doe JE, Jacobs MN, Kass GEN, Madia F, Mahony C, Manou I, Maxwell G, Prieto P, Roggeband R, Sobanski T, Schütte K, Worth AP, Zvonar Z, and Cronin MTD
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- Animals, European Union, Humans, Industry, Risk Assessment, Animal Testing Alternatives, Toxicity Tests methods
- Abstract
New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) are considered to include any in vitro, in silico or chemistry-based method, as well as the strategies to implement them, that may provide information that could inform chemical safety assessment. Current chemical legislation in the European Union is limited in its acceptance of the widespread use of NAMs. The European Partnership for Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing (EPAA) therefore convened a 'Deep Dive Workshop' to explore the use of NAMs in chemical safety assessment, the aim of which was to support regulatory decisions, whilst intending to protect human health. The workshop recognised that NAMs are currently used in many industrial sectors, with some considered as fit for regulatory purpose. Moreover, the workshop identified key discussion points that can be addressed to increase the use and regulatory acceptance of NAMs. These are based on the changes needed in frameworks for regulatory requirements and the essential needs in education, training and greater stakeholder engagement as well the gaps in the scientific basis of NAMs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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12. A comprehensive view on mechanistic approaches for cancer risk assessment of non-genotoxic agrochemicals.
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Luijten M, Corvi R, Mehta J, Corvaro M, Delrue N, Felter S, Haas B, Hewitt NJ, Hilton G, Holmes T, Jacobs MN, Jacobs A, Lamplmair F, Lewis D, Madia F, Manou I, Melching-Kollmuss S, Schorsch F, Schütte K, Sewell F, Strupp C, van der Laan JW, Wolf DC, Wolterink G, Woutersen R, Zvonar Z, Heusinkveld H, and Braakhuis H
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- Animals, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic genetics, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic metabolism, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic pathology, Congresses as Topic, Humans, Mutagenicity Tests, Neoplasms genetics, Neoplasms metabolism, Neoplasms pathology, Risk Assessment, Toxicity Tests, Subchronic, Toxicokinetics, Agrochemicals adverse effects, Animal Testing Alternatives, Carcinogenicity Tests, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic chemically induced, Neoplasms chemically induced
- Abstract
Currently the only methods for non-genotoxic carcinogenic hazard assessment accepted by most regulatory authorities are lifetime carcinogenicity studies. However, these involve the use of large numbers of animals and the relevance of their predictive power and results has been scientifically challenged. With increased availability of innovative test methods and enhanced understanding of carcinogenic processes, it is believed that tumour formation can now be better predicted using mechanistic information. A workshop organised by the European Partnership on Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing brought together experts to discuss an alternative, mechanism-based approach for cancer risk assessment of agrochemicals. Data from a toolbox of test methods for detecting modes of action (MOAs) underlying non-genotoxic carcinogenicity are combined with information from subchronic toxicity studies in a weight-of-evidence approach to identify carcinogenic potential of a test substance. The workshop included interactive sessions to discuss the approach using case studies. These showed that fine-tuning is needed, to build confidence in the proposed approach, to ensure scientific correctness, and to address different regulatory needs. This novel approach was considered realistic, and its regulatory acceptance and implementation can be facilitated in the coming years through continued dialogue between all stakeholders and building confidence in alternative approaches., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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13. Finding synergies for the 3Rs - Repeated Dose Toxicity testing: Report from an EPAA Partners' Forum.
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Laroche C, Annys E, Bender H, Botelho D, Botham P, Brendler-Schwaab S, Clayton R, Corvaro M, Dal Negro G, Delannois F, Dent M, Desaintes C, Desprez B, Dhalluin S, Hartmann A, Hoffmann-Doerr S, Hubesch B, Irizar A, Manou I, Müller BP, Nadzialek S, Prieto P, Rasenberg M, Roggeband R, Rowan TG, Schutte K, van de Water B, Westmoreland C, Whelan M, Wilschut A, Zvonimir Z, and Cronin MTD
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- Animals, Humans, Risk Assessment, Animal Testing Alternatives, Toxicity Tests methods
- Abstract
The European Partnership for Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing (EPAA) convened a Partners' Forum on repeated dose toxicity (RDT) testing to identify synergies between industrial sectors and stakeholders along with opportunities to progress these in existing research frameworks. Although RTD testing is not performed across all industrial sectors, the OECD accepted tests can provide a rich source of information and play a pivotal role for safety decisions relating to the use of chemicals. Currently there are no validated alternatives to repeated dose testing and a direct one-to-one replacement is not appropriate. However, there are many projects and initiatives at the international level which aim to implement various aspects of replacement, reduction and refinement (the 3Rs) in RDT testing. Improved definition of use, through better problem formulation, aligned to harmonisation of regulations is a key area, as is the more rapid implementation of alternatives into the legislative framework. Existing test designs can be optimised to reduce animal use and increase information content. Greater use of exposure-led decisions and improvements in dose selection will be beneficial. In addition, EPAA facilitates sharing of case studies demonstrating the use of Next Generation Risk Assessment applying various New Approach Methodologies to assess RDT., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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14. Connectivity Is Generally Not Important for Marine Reserve Planning.
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Costello MJ and Connor DW
- Subjects
- Conservation of Natural Resources, Fisheries
- Published
- 2019
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15. Relationship between ecological condition and ecosystem services in European rivers, lakes and coastal waters.
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Grizzetti B, Liquete C, Pistocchi A, Vigiak O, Zulian G, Bouraoui F, De Roo A, and Cardoso AC
- Abstract
We quantify main ecosystem services (i.e. the contribution of ecosystems to human well-being) provided by rivers, lakes, coastal waters and connected ecosystems (riparian areas and floodplains) in Europe, including water provisioning, water purification, erosion prevention, flood protection, coastal protection, and recreation. We show European maps of ecosystem service capacity, flow (actual use), sustainability and efficiency. Then we explore the relationship between the services and the ecosystem condition at the European scale, considering the ecological status of aquatic ecosystems, reported under the EU Water Framework Directive, as a measure of the ecosystem integrity and biodiversity. Our results indicate that a higher delivery of the regulating and cultural ecosystem services analysed is mostly correlated with better conditions of aquatic ecosystems. Conversely, the use of provisioning services can result in pressures on the ecosystem. This suggests the importance of maintaining good ecological condition of aquatic ecosystems to ensure the delivery of ecosystem services in the future. These results at the continental scale, although limited to the ecosystem services under analysis, might be relevant to consider when investing in the protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystems called for by the current EU water policy and Biodiversity Strategy and by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2019
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16. Finding synergies for 3Rs - Toxicokinetics and read-across: Report from an EPAA partners' Forum.
- Author
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Laroche C, Aggarwal M, Bender H, Benndorf P, Birk B, Crozier J, Dal Negro G, De Gaetano F, Desaintes C, Gardner I, Hubesch B, Irizar A, John D, Kumar V, Lostia A, Manou I, Monshouwer M, Müller BP, Paini A, Reid K, Rowan T, Sachana M, Schutte K, Stirling C, Taalman R, van Aerts L, Weissenhorn R, and Sauer UG
- Subjects
- Animals, Computer Simulation, Europe, Humans, In Vitro Techniques methods, Models, Biological, Risk Assessment methods, Toxicokinetics, Animal Testing Alternatives methods
- Abstract
The European Partnership for Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing (EPAA) convened a Partners' Forum Toxicokinetics and Read-Across to provide an overview on research activities to develop in vitro toxicokinetics methods and physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) models and to find synergies to enhance use of toxicokinetic data to strengthen read-across. Currently, lacking toxicokinetic data often prevent the application of read-across. Preferably, toxicokinetic data should be generated using in vitro and in silico tools and anchored towards human relevance. In certain sectors, PBK modelling is being used for risk assessment, but less so in others. Specific activities were identified to facilitate the use of in vitro and in silico toxicokinetic data to support read-across: The collation of available tools indicating the parameters and applicability domains covered; endpoint-specific guidance on toxicokinetics parameters required for read-across; case studies exemplifying how toxicokinetic data help support read-across. Activities to enhance the scientific robustness of read-across include the further user-friendly combination of read-across tools and formal guidance by the authorities specifying the minimum information requirements to justify read-across for a given toxicity endpoint. The EPAA was invited to continue dissemination activities and to explore possibilities to collate a contemporaneous list of open toxicokinetics tools that assist risk assessment., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2018
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17. Estimating chemical ecotoxicity in EU ecolabel and in EU product environmental footprint.
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Saouter E, De Schryver A, Pant R, and Sala S
- Subjects
- European Union, Environmental Monitoring methods, Risk Assessment methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity
- Abstract
The EU Commission Ecolabel and the Product and Environmental Footprint (PEF) aim at promoting the development and consumption of greener products. The product aquatic toxicity score from these 2 methods may lead in some circumstances to opposite conclusions. Although this could be interpreted as an inconsistency, the score should not be compared to each other but used in a complementary way. In short, CDV provided a "full" product formula aquatic toxicity score, even if some chemicals may never reach or persist in freshwater ecosystems. The USEtox® score, by integrating fate and exposure, focuses on the potential toxicity of persistent-water-soluble chemicals at steady state. Since no risk or safety assessment can be conducted with USEtox® nor with the CDV, both are a hazard-based scoring system. This short communication clarifies the difference between approaches underpinning the toxicity scores used in Ecolabel and PEF, providing guidance on how to interpret the results., (Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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18. The need for European OneHealth/EcoHealth networks.
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Keune H, Flandroy L, Thys S, De Regge N, Mori M, Antoine-Moussiaux N, Vanhove MPM, Rebolledo J, Van Gucht S, Deblauwe I, Hiemstra W, Häsler B, Binot A, Savic S, Ruegg SR, De Vries S, Garnier J, and van den Berg T
- Abstract
Elaborating from the European One Health/Ecohealth (OH/EH) workshop that took place in fall 2016 and aimed to bring together different communities and explore collaborative potential, the creation of European networks focusing on the development of important OH/EH perspectives was a direct output from discussions at the end of some sessions, in particular: - A network on transdisciplinary One Health education. - A network integrating inputs from social sciences in One Health/EcoHealth actions and networks. - A network aiming at translating research findings on the Environment-Microbiome-Health axis into policy making, with a view to make healthy ecosystems a cost-effective disease prevention healthcare strategy. It was also suggested that a European Community of Practice could be initiated in order to support these several concrete networking initiatives, and to help to promote the building of other emerging initiatives.
- Published
- 2017
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19. Towards a 21st-century roadmap for biomedical research and drug discovery: consensus report and recommendations.
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Langley GR, Adcock IM, Busquet F, Crofton KM, Csernok E, Giese C, Heinonen T, Herrmann K, Hofmann-Apitius M, Landesmann B, Marshall LJ, McIvor E, Muotri AR, Noor F, Schutte K, Seidle T, van de Stolpe A, Van Esch H, Willett C, and Woszczek G
- Subjects
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Asthma, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autoimmune Diseases, Consensus, Cystic Fibrosis, Humans, Liver Diseases, Models, Animal, Biomedical Research, Drug Discovery
- Abstract
Decades of costly failures in translating drug candidates from preclinical disease models to human therapeutic use warrant reconsideration of the priority placed on animal models in biomedical research. Following an international workshop attended by experts from academia, government institutions, research funding bodies, and the corporate and non-governmental organisation (NGO) sectors, in this consensus report, we analyse, as case studies, five disease areas with major unmet needs for new treatments. In view of the scientifically driven transition towards a human pathways-based paradigm in toxicology, a similar paradigm shift appears to be justified in biomedical research. There is a pressing need for an approach that strategically implements advanced, human biology-based models and tools to understand disease pathways at multiple biological scales. We present recommendations to help achieve this., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
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20. Evaluation of the Response to the Fukushima Accident.
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Miska H
- Subjects
- Civil Defense organization & administration, Health Policy, Japan, Radiation Injuries diagnosis, Safety Management organization & administration, Civil Defense methods, Earthquakes, Fukushima Nuclear Accident, Radiation Injuries prevention & control, Radiation Protection methods, Safety Management methods
- Abstract
The cause for the severity of the Fukushima nuclear accident is explained, and the radiological consequences are assessed. Moreover, the non-radiological effects are critically evaluated and failures in onsite and offsite emergency response highlighted. In conclusion, disregarding the principle of justification, the evacuation of residents and hospital patients was implemented too rigorously, resulting in unnecessary fatalities due to the protective action.
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- 2016
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21. Case study: Possible differences in phthalates exposure among the Czech, Hungarian, and Slovak populations identified based on the DEMOCOPHES pilot study results.
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Černá M, Malý M, Rudnai P, Középesy S, Náray M, Halzlová K, Jajcaj M, Grafnetterová A, Krsková A, Antošová D, Forysová K, Den Hond E, Schoeters G, Joas R, Casteleyn L, Joas A, Biot P, Aerts D, Angerer J, Bloemen L, Castaño A, Esteban M, Koch HM, Kolossa-Gehring M, Gutleb AC, Pavloušková J, and Vrbík K
- Subjects
- Adult, Child, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Czech Republic, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Environmental Exposure statistics & numerical data, Environmental Monitoring methods, Environmental Monitoring statistics & numerical data, Environmental Pollutants metabolism, Female, Humans, Hungary, Male, Middle Aged, Phthalic Acids metabolism, Pilot Projects, Slovakia, Smoking epidemiology, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Environmental Exposure analysis, Environmental Pollutants urine, Phthalic Acids urine
- Abstract
Objective: Phthalates and their metabolites are classified as endocrine modulators. They affect the hormonal balance in both children and adults. The aim of this publication was to compare the urinary levels of phthalate metabolites in selected populations of the Czech Republic (CZ), Slovakia (SK), and Hungary (HU) in relation to the sources of phthalate exposure identified by means of questionnaire (personal care products, floor and wall coverings, plastic toys, and some kinds of foods)., Methods: Data were obtained through the twin projects COPHES (COnsortium to Perform Human biomonitoring on a European Scale) and DEMOCOPHES (DEMOnstration of a study to COordinate and Perform Human biomonitoring on a European Scale) from 2009 to 2012. The target groups were children aged 6-11 years old and their mothers up to 45 years of age. The metabolites of phthalates (monomethyl phthalate (MMP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-cyclohexyl phthalate (MCHP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (5OH-MEHP), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (5OXO-MEHP)) were analysed in first morning urine samples. After enzymatic glucuronide cleavage, the urine sample analyses were performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) in one laboratory that qualified in the External Quality Assessment exercises organised by COPHES., Results: Significant differences in phthalate exposure between countries were revealed for children only but not for mothers. The concentrations of 5-OH-MEHP (P<0.001), 5OXO-MEHP (P<0.001), and their sum (P<0.001) were the highest in SK compared to CZ and HU. The health based guidance values for the sum of DEHP metabolites 5-OH MEHP and 5OXO-MEHP established by the German Commission for biomonitoring of 300 µg/L and 500 µg/L for women adults and children, respectively, were only exceeded in one mother and three boys. A significant difference was also found for MEP (P=0.0149), with the highest concentrations detected in HU. In all countries, the increasing frequency of using personal care products significantly elevated the concentrations of MEP., Conclusion: Some differences were observed between countries in the concentrations of individual urinary phthalate metabolites in children. However, the questionnaire results give no direct explanation for the differences between the countries except the variation in using personal care products., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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22. Gender differences in cadmium and cotinine levels in prepubertal children.
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Fucic A, Plavec D, Casteleyn L, Aerts D, Biot P, Katsonouri A, Cerna M, Knudsen LE, Castano A, Rudnai P, Gutleb A, Ligocka D, Lupsa IR, Berglund M, Horvat M, Halzlova K, Schoeters G, Koppen G, Hadjipanayis A, Krskova A, Középesy S, Arendt M, Fischer ME, Janasik B, Gurzau AE, Gurzau ES, Grandér M, Larsson K, Jajcaj M, Kolossa-Gehring M, Sepai O, Exley K, Bartolome M, Cutanda F, Mazej D, Nielsen JK, Snoj-Tratnik J, Schwedler G, Fiddicke U, Seiwert M, Govarts E, Den Hond E, Koch HM, Lopez A, Joas A, and Joas R
- Subjects
- Biomarkers urine, Child, Creatinine urine, Europe, Female, Humans, Male, Puberty urine, Aging urine, Cadmium urine, Cotinine urine, Environmental Monitoring methods, Sex Characteristics
- Abstract
Susceptibility to environmental stressors has been described for fetal and early childhood development. However, the possible susceptibility of the prepubertal period, characterized by the orchestration of the organism towards sexual maturation and adulthood has been poorly investigated and exposure data are scarce. In the current study levels of cadmium (Cd), cotinine and creatinine in urine were analyzed in a subsample 216 children from 12 European countries within the DEMOCOPHES project. The children were divided into six age-sex groups: boys (6-8 years, 9-10 years and 11 years old), and girls (6-7 years, 8-9 years, 10-11 years). The number of subjects per group was between 23 and 53. The cut off values were set at 0.1 µg/L for Cd, and 0.8 µg/L for cotinine defined according to the highest limit of quantification. The levels of Cd and cotinine were adjusted for creatinine level. In the total subsample group, the median level of Cd was 0.180 µg/L (range 0.10-0.69 µg/L), and for cotinine the median wet weight value was 1.50 µg/L (range 0.80-39.91 µg/L). There was no significant difference in creatinine and cotinine levels between genders and age groups. There was a significant correlation between levels of cadmium and creatinine in all children of both genders. This shows that even at such low levels the possible effect of cadmium on kidney function was present and measurable. An increase in Cd levels was evident with age. Cadmium levels were significantly different between 6-7 year old girls, 11 year old boys and 10-11 year old girls. As there was a balanced distribution in the number of subjects from countries included in the study, bias due to data clustering was not probable. The impact of low Cd levels on kidney function and gender differences in Cd levels needs further investigation., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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23. Fish consumption patterns and hair mercury levels in children and their mothers in 17 EU countries.
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Castaño A, Cutanda F, Esteban M, Pärt P, Navarro C, Gómez S, Rosado M, López A, López E, Exley K, Schindler BK, Govarts E, Casteleyn L, Kolossa-Gehring M, Fiddicke U, Koch H, Angerer J, Den Hond E, Schoeters G, Sepai O, Horvat M, Knudsen LE, Aerts D, Joas A, Biot P, Joas R, Jiménez-Guerrero JA, Diaz G, Pirard C, Katsonouri A, Cerna M, Gutleb AC, Ligocka D, Reis FM, Berglund M, Lupsa IR, Halzlová K, Charlier C, Cullen E, Hadjipanayis A, Krsková A, Jensen JF, Nielsen JK, Schwedler G, Wilhelm M, Rudnai P, Középesy S, Davidson F, Fischer ME, Janasik B, Namorado S, Gurzau AE, Jajcaj M, Mazej D, Tratnik JS, Larsson K, Lehmann A, Crettaz P, Lavranos G, and Posada M
- Subjects
- Adult, Child, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Europe, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Mothers, Pilot Projects, Rural Population, Surveys and Questionnaires, Urban Population, Environmental Monitoring methods, Food Contamination analysis, Food Preferences, Hair chemistry, Methylmercury Compounds analysis, Seafood, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
The toxicity of methylmercury (MeHg) in humans is well established and the main source of exposure is via the consumption of large marine fish and mammals. Of particular concern are the potential neurodevelopmental effects of early life exposure to low-levels of MeHg. Therefore, it is important that pregnant women, children and women of childbearing age are, as far as possible, protected from MeHg exposure. Within the European project DEMOCOPHES, we have analyzed mercury (Hg) in hair in 1799 mother-child pairs from 17 European countries using a strictly harmonized protocol for mercury analysis. Parallel, harmonized questionnaires on dietary habits provided information on consumption patterns of fish and marine products. After hierarchical cluster analysis of consumption habits of the mother-child pairs, the DEMOCOPHES cohort can be classified into two branches of approximately similar size: one with high fish consumption (H) and another with low consumption (L). All countries have representatives in both branches, but Belgium, Denmark, Spain, Portugal and Sweden have twice as many or more mother-child pairs in H than in L. For Switzerland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Slovakia the situation is the opposite, with more representatives in L than H. There is a strong correlation (r=0.72) in hair mercury concentration between the mother and child in the same family, which indicates that they have a similar exposure situation. The clustering of mother-child pairs on basis of their fish consumption revealed some interesting patterns. One is that for the same sea fish consumption, other food items of marine origin, like seafood products or shellfish, contribute significantly to the mercury levels in hair. We conclude that additional studies are needed to assess and quantify exposure to mercury from seafood products, in particular. The cluster analysis also showed that 95% of mothers who consume once per week fish only, and no other marine products, have mercury levels 0.55 μg/g. Thus, the 95th percentile of the distribution in this group is only around half the US-EPA recommended threshold of 1 μg/g mercury in hair. Consumption of freshwater fish played a minor role in contributing to mercury exposure in the studied cohort. The DEMOCOPHES data shows that there are significant differences in MeHg exposure across the EU and that exposure is highly correlated with consumption of fish and marine products. Fish and marine products are key components of a healthy human diet and are important both traditionally and culturally in many parts of Europe. Therefore, the communication of the potential risks of mercury exposure needs to be carefully balanced to take into account traditional and cultural values as well as the potential health benefits from fish consumption. European harmonized human biomonitoring programs provide an additional dimension to national HMB programs and can assist national authorities to tailor mitigation and adaptation strategies (dietary advice, risk communication, etc.) to their country's specific requirements., (Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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24. From the 1996 groundwater action programme to the 2006 groundwater directive--what have we done, what have we learnt, what is the way ahead?
- Author
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Quevauviller P
- Subjects
- Europe, Conservation of Natural Resources legislation & jurisprudence, Fresh Water analysis, Government Programs, Water Pollution prevention & control, Water Supply legislation & jurisprudence, Water Supply standards
- Abstract
The need for action to avoid long term deterioration of fresh water quantity and quality was recognised by the Ministerial Seminar on groundwater held at The Hague in November 1991, which underlined the need to establish a programme of actions to be implemented by the year 2000 at national and Community level, aiming at sustainable management and protection of water resources. These discussions resulted in a communication from the European Commission in 1996 about a "Groundwater Action Programme" (GWAP). In parallel, a wide consultation had started on the need to streamline EU water policies, which led to the adoption of the Water Framework Directive in December 2000, later complemented by a "daughter" groundwater directive adopted in December 2006. This paper recalls the orientations of the GWAP and studies whether and how recommended actions have been tackled by the actual EU regulatory framework.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Coordinating links among research, standardisation and policy in support of water framework directive chemical monitoring requirements.
- Author
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Quevauviller P, Borchers U, and Gawlik BM
- Subjects
- Environmental Monitoring standards, European Union, Research legislation & jurisprudence, Research standards, Water Pollution analysis, Environmental Monitoring legislation & jurisprudence, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Water Pollution legislation & jurisprudence
- Abstract
The need for coordination among scientific and policy activities is an old debate in which respective communities have often tried to impose their views rather than reflecting on pragmatic solutions. In the last few years, however, constructive exchanges have taken place in the context of expert groups linked to the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and related EU funded research projects, which have resulted in a better understanding of communication and knowledge transfer gaps. These exchanges concern not only the way research is being interfaced with water policies, but also how improved coordination could be organised regarding technical specifications linked to standardisation. This paper discusses on-going efforts to improve coordination among research, standardisation and policy in support of WFD implementation, with emphasis on chemical monitoring requirements.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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26. Water protection against pollution. Conceptual framework for a science-policy interface.
- Author
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Quevauviller P
- Subjects
- Internet, Science, Water Pollution legislation & jurisprudence, Environment, Interdisciplinary Communication, Policy Making, Research, Water Pollution prevention & control
- Abstract
Science-policy integration is one of the many complex challenges that scientific and policy-making communities are facing. It involves knowledge sharing and exchanges among a wide range of disciplines and actors. In many instances, the lack of proper communication and of a coordination mechanism leads to research outputs not being used or simply known by policy-makers, and to policy research needs not being communicated to the scientific communities in a timely fashion. This paper discusses the integration of scientific and technological progress into the policy-making and implementation process, with emphasis on water policies. It highlights the need and complexity of developing a knowledge-based approach which would enable to lead to an operational science-policy interface linked to WISE (Water Information System for Europe), including the newly developed WISE-RTD webportal (http://www.wise-rtd.info/).
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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27. Groundwater monitoring in the context of EU legislation: reality and integration needs.
- Author
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Quevauviller P
- Subjects
- Communication, Europe, Humans, Interprofessional Relations, Policy Making, Environment, Environmental Monitoring, Soil Pollutants analysis, Water Pollutants analysis
- Abstract
A wide range of environmental policies are based on the monitoring of chemical and/or biological parameters which are used to evaluate the environmental status of relevant compartments (e.g. water, soil, air) with the ultimate aim of making appropriate management decisions. The soundness of policy decisions is therefore directly related to the reliability of the environmental monitoring programmes. Monitoring reliability in turn is predominantly linked to scientific and technological progress. Hence a correct design, development and implementation process of environmental policies is, at least in part, dependent upon a proper integration of scientific and technological advances (in monitoring, but also for all kinds of permit procedures, remediation strategies etc.). This paper examines science-policy integration needs in support of groundwater environmental monitoring, with focus on on-going policy developments. The article aims to summarise key information on groundwater policy and EU scientific developments to raise awareness of the scientific community involved in this issue and to enhance communication among scientists and policy-makers.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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28. Off-site nuclear emergency management.
- Author
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Miska H
- Subjects
- Civil Defense methods, Civil Defense organization & administration, Decision Support Systems, Management organization & administration, Emergencies, Europe, Risk Assessment methods, Risk Assessment organization & administration, Disaster Planning methods, Disaster Planning organization & administration, Nuclear Reactors, Radiation Protection methods, Radioactive Hazard Release, Safety Management methods, Safety Management organization & administration
- Abstract
Urgent protective measures for the possibly affected population in the pre-release and release phase of a nuclear accident are decided upon and implemented by civil protection authorities on regional and local level. The responsible officers of these authorities are experienced in emergency response, but not in radiological questions. Their radiological advisors, on the other hand, mostly coming from surveillance agencies, often lack knowledge about conditions framing practical response measures. Moreover, although the scientific basis of protective measures is unquestionable, implementation policies are widely different in different countries and render co-ordination of response in border areas difficult. Finally, decreasing availability of funds sharpens the already existing problems due to diminishing interest of young scientists in radiation protection. Measures to improve upon the situation and prerequisite conditions will be discussed., (Copyright 2004 Oxford University Press)
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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