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We examined using immunohistochemistry the distribution of leptin in kidney tissues of melatonin treated, streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. The animals were divided into five groups: control, sham, melatonin-treated, diabetic and melatonin-treated diabetic. Kidney sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and Crossman's triple staining for histological examination. The immunohistochemical localization of leptin in the kidney tissue was determined using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method. We determined that on days 7 and 14, the leptin immunoreactivity of the diabetic and melatonin-treated diabetic groups was weaker than for the other groups. Weak immunoreactivity was found in the proximal and distal tubules of the kidney in the diabetic and melatonin-treated diabetic groups on days 7 and 14, and strong immunoreactivity was found in the control, sham and melatonin groups. Melatonin application had no significant effect on leptin production in the kidney tissues of diabetic rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the immunohistochemical localization of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx 1) and the structural changes that occur in the livers of healthy and diabetic rats that were treated with capsaisin (CAP). Fifty female rats were divided into five groups: group 1, sham; group 2, untreated control; group 3, CAP-treated; group 4, streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic; group 5, STZ diabetic + CAP-treated. STZ was administered to groups 4 and 5; after verifying diabetes, CAP was administered daily for 2 weeks to groups 3 and 5. Diffuse, microvesicular and some macrovesicular fatty degeneration were observed in the cytoplasms of hepatocytes in the livers of the diabetic group. In the CAP-treated diabetic group, fat degeneration in the livers decreased slightly by day 7. Irregularity of the external contours of nuclei of the hepatocytes, swelling of the nuclei, and slight anisocytosis and anisokaryosis were observed in the hepatocytes of the diabetic group. In the CAP-treated diabetic groups, the severity of anisocytosis and anisokaryosis decreased slightly by day 7. In all groups, GPx 1 showed similar immunolocalization, but in the diabetic and diabetic + CAP groups, GPx 1 immunoreactivity was less than in the other groups. GPx 1 immunoreactivity in the CAP-treated diabetic group was weaker than in the diabetic group. In all groups, GPx 1 immunoreactivity was diffusely cytoplasmic in some of the hepatocytes, and diffusely cytoplasmic and diffusely nuclear in other hepatocytes. Also, GPx 1 immunoreactivity in the liver was more intense in the hepatocytes around Kiernan's space. We found that CAP caused a decrease in GPx 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study which investigated the presence of Alpha Naphthyl Acetate Esterase (ANAE) in peripheral blood leukocytes in goose. The study included 15 10-month old geese whose blood smears were incubated at different hydrogen-ion concentration (pH) within three or six hours. It found that positive ANAE activity is present in monocytes and in some lymphocytes (T cells). It also discovered that weak inter-individual fluctuations are found in ANAE positive lymphocytes. Study authors concluded that ANAE staining method is efficient for peripheral T cell counting.

The article discusses a study on the effect of in ovo rh insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 on growth parameters of liver during embryonic development in quail using light microscopy technique. The study obtained fertilized quail eggs from Kalkas University Poultry Facility in Turkey for the analysis. It was observed that the number of embryonic liver cells from IGF-1 injected groups were higher compared to control group. It also concluded that a single in ovo administration of rh-IGF had significant effect on liver cells of quail during embryonic stage.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of recombinant human (rh) IGF-1 administration on liver growth of rats. RhIGF-1 (100 ng/kg/day prepared in 0.01 M NaHCO3) was injected (s.c) daily to rats for seven days. Control groups received the same injection procedure with only 0.01 M NaHCO3. One day after the last injection, rats from both control and rhIGF-1 injected groups (n = 5 per group) were euthanized and liver tissue samples were collected (group I). Liver samples from both groups (n = 5 per group/collection day) were collected on week one (group II) and week two (group III) after the last injection. Tissue samples were immediately fixed in Bouin's solution and embedded in paraffin. Tissue sections were cut into 5-6 μ thickness and stained with Crossman's triple staining method. RhIGF-1 administration increased the number and the diameter of liver epithelial cells (hepatocytes) which in turn affected the liver growth of rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was performed to determine the effect of alpha lipoic acid, a powerful antioxidant, on intra-abdominal adhesion formation., Methods: Twenty-four female Wistar Albino rats weighing 250-300 g were used in this study conducted on three groups consisting of the alpha lipoic acid group (Group I, n=8), control group (Group II, n=8), and sham group (Group III, n=8). After performing laparotomy with a midline incision under general anesthesia, the adhesion model was created on the antimesenteric side of the caecum in Group I and Group II. 50 mg/kg alpha-lipoic acid was administered intraperitoneally (IP) in Group I while the surgical procedure was performed but no drugs administered in Group II. Only laparotomy was performed in Group III. Rats were sacrificed at the end of the tenth day., Results: Macroscopic scoring was performed, tissue samples were obtained and subjected to biochemical and histopathological evaluation. The degree of adhesion and malondialdehyde level decreased (p<0.01), and glutathione levels had increased (p<0.01) in Group I compared to Group II in macroscopic scoring., Conclusion: Alpha lipoic acid was found to significantly decrease (p<0.01) intra-abdominal adhesion when administered IP compared to the control group.

Peritoneal adhesions are seen frequently after abdominal surgery and can cause serious complications. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the oral use of diclofenac sodium and ellagic acid on formation of postoperative adhesions in rats Studies have shown that agents with anti-inflammatory properties and antioxidant substances can prevent adhesion by decreasing oxidative stress. We compared and evaluated the effects of ellagic acid that has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory diclofenac sodium on peritoneal adhesion development in our experimental study. Laparotomy was performed with a midline incision under general anesthesia and an adhesion model was created on the antimesenteric side of the cecum in Groups I, II, and III. Group I received 85 mg/kg ellagic acid and Group II, 50 mg/kg diclofenac sodium through the nasogastric catheter while Group III received no medication. Only laparotomy was performed in Group IV. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the 14th day. Following macroscopic scoring, tissue samples were removed and subjected to biochemical and histopathologic evaluation. The degree of adhesion and the malondialdehyde level were decreased (P < 0.05), and glutathione level increased (P < 0.05) in Group I compared to Group II and Group III. The effects of ellagic acid on the prevention of peritoneal adhesion were found to be stronger than diclofenac sodium. This can be explained by the fact that ellagic acid is a strong antioxidant and decreases oxidative stress with anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects.