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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of abnormal cardiac loading conditions. Apical HCM (AHCM) is a type of HCM which classically involves the apex of the left ventricle. AHCM patients may present with chest pain, palpitations, dyspnea, syncope, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, embolic events, ventricular fibrillation, or congestive heart failure. Often, based on chest pain and an abnormal electrocardiogram, these patients are treated as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Here, we describe a patient who was previously treated with ACS but was ultimately diagnosed with AHCM. These patients differ from those of classic HCM in some respects and want attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background- Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and early death. Data on the extent and clinical significance of cardiovascular abnormalities in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are conflicting. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the cardiac function in patients with PHPT without other known risk factors and to analyze the effect of parathyroidectomy. Methodology- In a Prospective Observational Cohort design, sixteen patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism underwent Two-dimensional echocardiography, Electrocardiography, serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP, a myocardial damage marker), before and 3 months after successful parathyroidectomy. Result- We observed significant improvement in Left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.010) in patients undergoing parathyroid surgery after 3 months postoperatively. There is significant reduction in LVMI (p=0.044) & posterior wall thickness (p=0.007), which are indicators of left ventricular hypertrophy after 3 months of surgery. Conclusion- Patients with PHPT who are symptomatic exhibit significant cardiovascular dysfunction, which improves three months following successful parathyroidectomy. As a part of screening, we should consider routine cardiovascular evaluation in all symptomatic patients of PHPT. Symptomatic PHPT patients should undergo early curative surgery for the reversal of the cardiovascular dysfunction and in asymptomatic PHPT patients also early surgery is recommended for the prevention of end organ damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: COVID-19 affects the cardiovascular system and ECG abnormalities may be associated with worse prognosis. We evaluated the prognostic value of ECG abnormalities in individuals with COVID-19.Methods: Multicentre cohort study with adults hospitalised with COVID-19 from 40 hospitals across 23 countries. Patients were followed-up from admission until 30 days. ECG were obtained at each participating site and coded according to the Minnesota coding criteria. The primary outcome was defined as death from any cause. Secondary outcomes were admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of ECG abnormalities with the outcomes.Results: Among 5313 participants, 2451 had at least one ECG and were included in this analysis. The mean age (SD) was 58.0 (16.1) years, 60.7% were male and 61.1% from lower-income to middle-income countries. The prevalence of major ECG abnormalities was 21.3% (n=521), 447 (18.2%) patients died, 196 (8.0%) had MACE and 1115 (45.5%) were admitted to an ICU. After adjustment, the presence of any major ECG abnormality was associated with a higher risk of death (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.78) and cardiovascular events (OR 1.81; 95% CI 1.30 to 2.51). Sinus tachycardia (>120 bpm) with an increased risk of death (OR 3.86; 95% CI 1.97 to 7.48), MACE (OR 2.68; 95% CI 1.10 to 5.85) and ICU admission OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.03 to 4.00). Atrial fibrillation, bundle branch block, ischaemic abnormalities and prolonged QT interval did not relate to the outcomes.Conclusion: Major ECG abnormalities and a heart rate >120 bpm were prognostic markers in adults hospitalised with COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the most often occurring disease in India accounting for 24.8% of deaths. Myocardial infarction contributes to this. A higher risk of cardiovascular disease exists due to comorbidities or the unawareness of existing illness among the Indian population. There is a shortage of published research on cardiovascular disease and a lack of standard cardiac rehabilitation programmes in India. Aim: Our study aims to develop a Nurse-led lifestyle modification follow-up programme, to assess and compare the effectiveness of the programme on health outcomes and quality of life among post-myocardial infarction patients. Methods: A two arm, single-blinded, randomised feasibility trial was conducted by developing a Nurse-led lifestyle modification follow-up programme. The interventional programme was based on the information-motivation-behavioural skill model and included health education, an educational booklet, and telephone follow-up. For feasibility testing of intervention, 12 patients were randomly allocated (n = 6/group). Patients in the control group were provided with routine care, while the intervention group was given routine care along with a Nurse-led lifestyle modification follow-up programme. Results: It was possible to use this tool. In addition to determining the tool's feasibility for use we found that the intervention group showed a significant improvement in systolic blood pressure (BP) (p = 0.001), diastolic BP (p = 0.016), Body Mass Index (BMI) (p = 0.004), and quality of life in all the subscales – physical, emotional and social (p < 0.001) after 12 weeks of discharge. Conclusion: Findings from this study will help to reinforce designing a cost-effective care delivery system in the care of post-myocardial infarction patients. This programme is a novel approach to improve preventive, curative and rehabilitative services for the post-myocardial infarction patients in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital anomalous origin of coronary arteries is rare and occurs in 0.2%--2% of patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG). Most of the cases are benign but may present with life-threatening symptoms such as myocardial ischemia or sudden cardiac death. The prognosis depends on the site of origin of the anomalous artery, intramyocardial course, and relation to other great vessel and cardiac structures. Increased awareness and easy availability of noninvasive methods like computed tomography CAG have led to more reporting of such cases. Here, we report the case a 52-year-old male with a double right coronary artery having anomalous origin from a noncoronary aortic cusp detected during CAG which has not been reported in the literature before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]