Search

Like other health care practices, the increasing complexity in dentistry signals the need for a reconceptualisation of dentist professional learning. Professional dental bodies, at large, still privilege formal continuing professional development (CPD) provisions focusing on off-the-job activities despite growing evidence that much invaluable learning occurs through and at work. In exploring the two common dentist CPD approaches, this article critiques the narrow conceptions of learning inscribed in these frameworks, which are individualistic and acquisition oriented. Drawing on a vignette of dentists' professional practice at work, this paper argues for a shift in discussion from an emphasis on which CPD models work best to what counts as professional learning for dentists. To flesh out these arguments, the paper proposes using an innovative conceptual approach through the lens of 'complexity thinking' and the concept of 'co-present group'. Through this lens, the reframing of thinking brings out two key features of learning: Emergent learning cannot be specified in advance and much significant learning is typically beyond an individual's learning. Given the learning potentials of group practice and group learning, the paper concludes with suggestions to support dentists' lifelong learning at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Hospital Consultants' Job Stress Questionnaire (HCJSQ) has been widely used to assess sources and levels of job stress. However, its reliability and validity among Chinese dental workers have not been extensively studied. The objective of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the HCJSQ specifically in Chinese dental workers. Methods: The HCJSQ was used to explore the sources and the global ratings of job stress among Chinese dental workers. To assess the reliability and validity of the HCJSQ, various statistical measures were employed, including Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Spearman-Brown coefficient, Spearman correlation coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Results: Of the participants, 526 (17.4%) reported high levels of stress, while 1,246 (41.3%) and 1,248 (41.3%) reported moderate and low levels of stress, respectively. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the modified HCJSQ was 0.903, and the Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.904. Spearman correlation coefficient between individuals' items and the total score ranged from 0.438 to 0.785 (p < 0.05). Exploratory factor analysis revealed that three factors accounted for 60.243% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated factor loadings between 0.624 and 0.834 on the specified items. The fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated good model fit, with a Root Mean Square Error of Approximation of 0.064, Normative Fit Index of 0.937, Comparative Fit Index of 0.952, Incremental Fit Index of 0.952, Tucker-Lewis index of 0.941, and Goodness of Fit Index of 0.944. Additionally, the convergent validity and discriminant validity showed a good fit for the three-factor model. Conclusion: The results of this study confirm that Chinese dental workers experience high levels of stress, and the three-factor model of the HCJSQ proves to be a suitable instrument for evaluating the sources and levels of job stress among Chinese dental workers. Therefore, it is imperative that relevant entities such as hospitals, medical associations, and government take appropriate measures to address the existing situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data on the SARS-CoV-2 infection among primary health care workers (PHCWs) are scarce but essential to reflect on policy regarding prevention and control measures. We assessed the prevalence of PHCWs who have been infected by SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with modeling from the general population in metropolitan France, and associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among general practitioners (GPs), pediatricians, dental and pharmacy workers in primary care between May and August 2021. Participants volunteered to provide a dried-blood spot for SARS-CoV-2 antibody assessment and completed a questionnaire. The primary outcome was defined as the detection of infection-induced antibodies (anti-nucleocapsid IgG, and for non-vaccinees: anti-Spike IgG and neutralizing antibodies) or previous self-reported infection (positive RT-qPCR or antigenic test, or positive ELISA test before vaccination). Estimates were adjusted using weights for representativeness and compared with prediction from the general population. Poisson regressions were used to quantify associated factors. The analysis included 1612 PHCWs. Weighted prevalences were: 31.7% (95% CI 27.5–36.0) for GPs, 28.7% (95% CI 24.4–33.0) for pediatricians, 25.2% (95% CI 20.6–31.0) for dentists, and 25.5% (95% CI 18.2–34.0) for pharmacists. Estimates were compatible with model predictions for the general population. PHCWs more likely to be infected were: GPs compared to pharmacist assistants (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 2.26; CI 95% 1.01–5.07), those living in Île-de-France (aPR = 1.53; CI 95% 1.14–2.05), South-East (aPR = 1.57; CI 95% 1.19–2.08), North-East (aPR = 1.81; CI 95% 1.38–2.37), and those having an unprotected contact with a COVID-19 case within the household (aPR = 1.48; CI 95% 1.22–1.80). Occupational factors were not associated with infection. In conclusion, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure for PHCWs was more likely to have occurred in the community rather than at their workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Aesthetics has gained broad importance over the last few years among dental practitioners and patients. It has become essential for clinicians to match the original shades of the present tooth. Hence, this study evaluated the efficacy of conventional visual shade selection, digital photography and digital shade selection using a device for shade selection in fixed prosthodontics. Materials and Methods: A comparative evaluation of different methods for shade selection in fixed prosthodontics was done using the three different techniques. The three were the conventional visual method, the conventional visual method assisted by digital photography and the conventional visual method assisted electronic shade matching device. In this study, 16 sample sizes were used, as there are 16 tabs in a Vitapan classical shade guide and eight observers. Independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance test was used for this study. Results: The percentages of visual, digital and shade selection done with electronic shade selection devices were 74.2%, 71.1% and 87.5%, respectively. The P = 0.366, which is statistically not significant. Conclusion: There is no significant difference between visual shade selection performed clinically or with digital photographs and shade selection assisted by electronic shade selection devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Several variables can impact the choice of shade. Having a thorough understanding of these factors and following the proper selection technique is crucial for achieving favorable esthetic results. Aim of the study: To review the characteristics of esthetic perception of teeth in different lighting conditions, by individuals with different levels of experience in dentistry. Material and methods: Thirty volunteers, dentistry students, and general dentists were recruited. The participants were asked to determine the color of 4 mock-ups containing artificial teeth, under standardized conditions. Therefore, the samples were introduced in a custom-made box and illuminated by two different light conditions (4300 K and 5500 K), and three different colors (black, gray, and pink) were selected as background colors. Results: Our results showed a statistically significant difference between the two examined light conditions, the number of correct color determinations was significantly higher under the light with a color temperature of 5500K (p<0.00001). It can be seen that the gray background color proved to be statistically significantly more beneficial than the black and pink background colors. Conclusions: Among dentistry students and practitioners, environmental changes that affect shade determination have been demonstrated. Further research is still necessary regarding the perception of the esthetic expectations of dental treatments for color determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental healthcare personnel (DHCP) are subjected to microbe-containing aerosols and splatters in their everyday work. Safer work conditions must be developed to ensure the functioning of the healthcare system. By simulating dental procedures, we aimed to compare the virus-containing aerosol generation of four common dental instruments, and high-volume evacuation (HVE) in their mitigation. Moreover, we combined the detection of infectious viruses with RT-qPCR to form a fuller view of virus-containing aerosol spread in dental procedures. The air–water syringe produced the highest number of aerosols. HVE greatly reduced aerosol concentrations during procedures. The air–water syringe spread infectious virus-containing aerosols throughout the room, while other instruments only did so to close proximity. Additionally, infectious viruses were detected on the face shields of DHCP. Virus genomes were detected throughout the room with all instruments, indicating that more resilient viruses might remain infectious and pose a health hazard. HVE reduced the spread of both infectious viruses and viral genomes, however, it did not fully prevent them. We recommend meticulous use of HVE, a well-fitting mask and face shields in dental procedures. We advise particular caution when operating with the air–water syringe. Due to limited repetitions, this study should be considered a proof-of-concept report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mobile phones are frequently used in environments of high bacteria presence. These can harbor various potential pathogens and become an exogenous source of nosocomial infections. Even in recent outbreak of COVID-19, it has become a point which needs to be sanitized to prevent and control further disease transmission as it is equally important for health-care professionals to use mobile phones in the hospital and other health and care settings, especially for communication. The present study was conducted to determine the potential role of mobile phones in the dissemination of disease. Objective: To compare the evaluation of microbial contamination on the mobile phones used by dental health-care professionals and faculty of senior secondary school and to access the microbial contamination of mobile phones by measuring the percentages of pathogens and to determine the type of bacteria commonly present on mobile phones. It also assesses the efficacy of 70% ethyl alcohol to be used as decontamination solution. Materials and Methods: A total of 126 mobile phones were screened in the study; 63 mobile phones belonging to dental health-care personnel from nine different specialties of dental college (Group 1 – test group) and 63 mobile phones belonging to nonhealth-care personnel like school teachers of senior schools (Group 2 – control group). All the samples were taken before and after cleaning with 70% ethyl alcohol. A total of 252 swab samples were taken. Results: Microbial contamination was approximately 68% in swab samples taken from mobile phones before cleaning with 70% of ethyl alcohol but even with one time disinfection with alcohol, decontamination was found to be only 95% effective. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most common isolated organism in swabs collected from dental college. Pathogenic bacteria were more prevalent in samples of dental college than to school samples. Conclusion: Ninetythree percentage of cell phones of health-care workers were contaminated and they act as potential source of nosocomial infections. Alcohol should be used to disinfect the mobile phones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People with severe mental illness (e.g. psychosis, bipolar disorder) experience poor oral health compared to the general population as shown by more decayed, missing and filled teeth and a higher prevalence of periodontal disease. Attending dental services allows treatment of oral health problems and support for prevention. However, people with severe mental illness face multiple barriers to attending routine dental appointments and often struggle to access care. Link work interventions use non-clinical support staff to afford vulnerable populations the capacity, opportunity, and motivation to navigate use of services. The authors have co-developed with service users a link work intervention for supporting people with severe mental illness to access routine dental appointments. The Mouth Matters in Mental Health Study aims to explore the feasibility and acceptability of this intervention within the context of a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) measuring outcomes related to the recruitment of participants, completion of assessments, and adherence to the intervention. The trial will closely monitor the safety of the intervention and trial procedures. Methods: A feasibility RCT with 1:1 allocation to two arms: treatment as usual (control) or treatment as usual plus a link work intervention (treatment). The intervention consists of six sessions with a link worker over 9 months. Participants will be adults with severe mental illness receiving clinical input from secondary care mental health service and who have not attended a planned dental appointment in the past 3 years. Assessments will take place at baseline and after 9 months. The target recruitment total is 84 participants from across three NHS Trusts. A subset of participants and key stakeholders will complete qualitative interviews to explore the acceptability of the intervention and trial procedures. Discussion: The link work intervention aims to improve dental access and reduce oral health inequalities in people with severe mental illness. There is a dearth of research relating to interventions that attempt to improve oral health outcomes in people with mental illness and the collected feasibility data will offer insights into this important area. Trial registration: The trial was preregistered on ISRCTN (ISRCTN13650779) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05545228). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dental workers are exposed to allergenic materials in the workplace. Objectives: To summarize patch test results in dental staff with work‐related dermatitis. Materials and Methods: Cross‐sectional study of dental staff with dermatitis was conducted. Symptoms, clinical findings and results from patch tests with 40 dental allergens were summarized. Results: Of 329 participants, 155 (47.1%) had at least one positive patch reaction. The highest frequency of positive reactions was observed for metals (38.6%), acrylics (7.3%) and additives in acrylic resins (3.6%). One hundred and eighty‐five (56.2%) participants were currently symptomatic; in this group, 79 (42.7%) had current dermatitis. Thirty‐eight patients had at least one positive patch test considered occupationally related to their current dermatitis. Conclusion: Almost half of the dental staff with dermatitis had at least one positive patch test and approximately 12% had current occupational relevance of the allergens. Our results underscore the importance of patch testing in the evaluation of dental staff with dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Aerosols and splatter are routinely generated in dental practice and can be contaminated by potentially harmful bacteria or viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, preprocedural mouthwashes containing antiseptic agents have been proposed as a potential measure for infection control in dental practice. This review article aims to summarize the clinical (and, if insufficient, preclinical) evidence on preprocedural mouthwashes containing antiseptic agents and to draw conclusions for dental practitioners. Methods: Literature on preprocedural mouthwashes for reduction of bacterial or viral load in dental aerosols was searched and summarized. Results: Preprocedural mouthwashes, particularly those containing chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), or essential oils (EO), can significantly reduce the bacterial load in dental aerosols. With respect to viruses such as HSV-1, there are too little clinical data to draw any clear recommendations. On the other hand, clinical data is consolidating that CPC-containing mouthwashes can temporarily reduce the intraoral viral load and infectivity in SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals. Nevertheless, potential risks and side effects due to regular antiseptic use such as ecological effects or adaptation of bacteria need to be considered. Conclusions: The use of preprocedural mouthwashes containing antiseptics can be recommended according to currently available data, but further studies are needed, particularly on the effects on other viruses besides SARS-CoV-2. When selecting a specific antiseptic, the biggest data basis currently exists for CHX, CPC, EO, or combinations thereof. Clinical relevance: Preprocedural mouthwashes containing antiseptics can serve as part of a bundle of measures for protection of dental personnel despite some remaining ambiguities and in view of potential risks and side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have shown that mouth and respiratory tract microorganisms can be transported in aerosol and spatter. Due to aerosol-generating procedures, there are potentially various infection risks for patients and those working in health care, especially in oral health care. Dental aerosol can contaminate not only the mucous membranes of the oral health-care professional's mouth, respiratory passages, and eyes but also exposed surfaces and materials in the environment. As such, preventing disease transmission within oral health-care offices is important issue. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, an innumerable amount of (mis)information and advice on how to stay safe and prevent the spread of coronavirus has been published. What preventive measures can and have been taken to counteract this, and what have we learned during the pandemic? This review summarizes relevant literature that has addressed the presence and dispersal of aerosol and spatter as a concern in health care. It includes the sources of dental aerosol, their potential health threats, and strategies for controlling and mitigating their impact. It shows that further research is needed to better understand the potential health risks of dental aerosol and to develop effective strategies for mitigating them. Clinical relevance: Using personal protective equipment, high-volume evacuation systems and pre-procedural antimicrobial agents can help to reduce the potential for infection in oral health-care settings and protect the well-being of oral health-care workers and their patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With care dependency, untreated root caries lesions (RCLs) and irregular dental visits are common. RCLs, if left untreated, could lead to pain, tooth loss, difficulties eating, and impact on general health. Therefore, there is a need for prevention and effective treatment for RCLs, and especially in those with care dependency. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of domiciliary professional oral care on root caries development and progression, in comparison with self-performed or nurse-assisted oral care. A literature search was conducted in four databases in November 2022. Two authors independently screened the literature throughout the review process. Five of the identified studies were found to be relevant. Four of these were assessed as having moderate risk of bias and were included in the review, while one study had high risk of bias and was excluded from further analyses. Due to heterogenicity of the included studies (and of the interventions and outcomes), no meta-analysis or synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) was performed. The participation of dental personnel performing mechanical plaque removal and fluoride, or chlorhexidine application seems beneficial for care-dependent older adults with risk of RCLs development and progression. However, future studies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics, there is an urgent necessity to search for new antibiotics produced by Bacillus spp., which are characterized by their capability to produce secondary metabolites with high efficacy against numerous types of pathogenic bacteria. A total of 40 Bacillus isolates were isolated from the mouths of 150 volunteers from the Dental Health Center in Babylon and diagnosed based on phenotypic characteristics and biochemical and physiological reaction tests with a colorimetric reagent card using the VITEK2 analyzer. The active compounds were extracted from Bacillus megaterium L2 and their antibacterial activity was tested against a group of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract was estimated, whereas 16 isolates showed high effectiveness against pathogenic bacteria, with the zone of inhibition ranging from 8-22 mm and the MIC ranging from 0.25-6.25 mg/ml. The active compounds were extracted, purified, and detected by Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts was studied using the MCF7 cell line. This showed that cytoto xicity effects on valid object count, nuclear morphology, and total nuclear intensity ranged from 17.245-441.24 and the cytotoxic effect on cell membrane permeability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome C ranged from 49.04 -601.79 Among the isolates, Bacillus megaterium L2(B9) was the best isolated strain of bacteria that was the most effective against anti -pathogenic bacterial strains- Gram positive (Staphylococcus pyogenes NCTC 8198 and St. aureus ATCC 29213) and gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa RW109, Escherichia coli O157, and Salmonella typhi Ty2) and was non-toxic to human cells (MCF7). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate whether personnel in a public dental clinic had a higher frequency of ongoing or previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection than hospital healthcare workers or the general public in Stockholm during weeks 23–25 in 2020. We carried out an observational cohort study from March to June 2020, including 341 employees randomly selected from Public Dental Service in the County of Stockholm. The primary outcome variable was the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and/or antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Throat samples were analysed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Venous blood was collected to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using the Luminex analysis tool (immunoassay) and ELISA. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare the independent groups and calculate the unadjusted odds ratio. The mean age of the participants was 50.1 years, and 11.7% were male. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and/or antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 12.0% (95% confidence interval 8.8–16.0). Among them, 82.5% reported symptoms and 85.4% were on sick-leave between March and June 2020. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was approximately similar to that in healthcare personnel, and approximately equal compared to that in the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic involved the establishment of health emergency measures, among others, the suspension and subsequent progressive reopening of dental care. Purpose: Understand how health measures due to Covid-19 affected owners of dental offices and clinics in Bogotá, Colombia, and whether these aggravated the crisis of the profession. Methods: a qualitative study was conducted, interviewing seven dentists who owned dental clinics or offices. They investigated working conditions, economic changes, hiring conditions and the participation of professional organizations in the pandemic. Results: Dentistry was already in a crisis that was exacerbated by health measures in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic. Those interviewed did not perceive a quick leadership voice from government entities to establish care protocols. Administrative management is different according to the capabilities of dental clinics compared to private offices. Finally, the pandemic and mobility restrictions made it possible to establish improvements in time shared with the family; however, this affected the owners' income, leading them to seek other forms of income. Conclusions: Dentistry has been in crisis for many years, which was more evident with the confinement measures implemented to control the Covid-19 pandemic. There are differences in administrative management in favor of dental clinics that were essential in the context of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The recent COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the necessity of protecting health care providers (HCPs) against the transmission of infectious agents during dental procedures. To this end, the effectiveness of several air cleaning devices (ACDs) in reducing HCPs exposure to aerosols generated during dental procedures was estimated, separately or in combination with each other. These ACDs were a chairside unit capturing aerosols at the source of generation, and four ambient ACDs: a portable ambient ACD; a negative pressure module; a custom made, fan-operated and wall-mounted air filter (WMAF); and a smaller and passive version of the latter. The last three ACDs were intended for mobile dental clinics (MDCs) only. Materials and Methods This assessment was performed in two different environments: in a dental clinic operatory and in a MDC. Two dental personnel, acting in the roles of dentist and dental assistant, performed on simulated patient aerosol-generating and non-aerosol-generating procedures. For each 5-minute scenario, the cumulative exposure to airborne particulate matter 10 µm in size or smaller (PM10) was determined by calculating the sum of all 1 second readings obtained with personal and ambient air monitors. The effectiveness of the ACDs in capturing PM10 was estimated based on the capability of the ACDs to keep PM10 level at or below the initial background level. Results In all conditions assessed in the dental clinic operatory, when both the chairside and portable ambient ACDs were functioning, an estimated effectiveness of 100% in capturing PM10 was achieved. In the MDC, in all conditions where the chairside ACD was used without the negative pressure module, an estimated effectiveness of 100% was also achieved. The simultaneous operation of the negative pressure module in the MDC, which led to a room negative pressure of −0.25 inch wc, reduced the chairside ACD's effectiveness in capturing aerosols. Conversely, the use of the WMAF in the MDC in combination with the chairside ACD further reduced exposure to PM10 below the initial background level. Nonetheless, in all conditions assessed in both settings (dental clinic operatory and MDC), larger visible aerosols were produced, often landing on the surrounding environment. A fair portion of these aerosols landed on the inside of the chairside ACD flange. Conclusions This assessment suggests that the use of the tested chairside ACD, by capturing aerosols at the source of generation, had the greatest impact on reducing exposure of dental personnel to PM10 produced during dental procedures. This study also indicates that such exposure is further reduced with the addition of an ambient ACD. However, creating a negative pressure room as high as −0.25 inch wc can lead to air turbulence reducing the effectiveness of ACDs in capturing aerosols at the source. Furthermore, the presence of uncaptured droplets and spatter on the surrounding environment supports the need to complement the use of engineering controls with proper administrative controls and personal protective equipment, as recommended by governmental agencies and the scientific community for preventing the transmission of infection in health care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Infectious diseases physicians are leaders in assessing the health risks in a variety of community settings. An understudied area with substantial controversy is the safety of dental aerosols. Previous studies have used in vitro experimental designs and/or indirect measures to evaluate bacteria and viruses from dental surfaces. However, these findings may overestimate the occupational risks of dental aerosols. The purpose of this study was to directly measure dental aerosol composition to assess the health risks for dental healthcare personnel and patients. Methods We used a variety of aerosol instruments to capture and measure the bacterial, viral, and inorganic composition of aerosols during a variety of common dental procedures and in a variety of dental office layouts. Equipment was placed in close proximity to dentists during each procedure to best approximate the health risk hazards from the perspective of dental healthcare personnel. Devices used to capture aerosols were set at physiologic respiration rates. Oral suction devices were per the discretion of the dentist. Results We detected very few bacteria and no viruses in dental aerosols—regardless of office layout. The bacteria identified were most consistent with either environmental or oral microbiota, suggesting a low risk of transmission of viable pathogens from patients to dental healthcare personnel. When analyzing restorative procedures involving amalgam removal, we detected inorganic elements consistent with amalgam fillings. Conclusions Aerosols generating from dental procedures pose a low health risk for bacterial and likely viral pathogens when common aerosol mitigation interventions, such as suction devices, are employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the direct restorative method we have to observe numerous steps to obtain aesthetic, natural and predictable results. It's important to achieve the finishing and polishing process and supply the composite resin with a natural look of tooth gloss. The first step of finishing and polishing is checking and correcting the shape of the tooth. The shape is liable for the symmetrical percentage and integration of the restoration with the numerous teeth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of dental students towards finishing and polishing of composite restoration. Materials and methods: Self-administered questionnaire as designed On the topic "knowledge, attitude and practices towards finishing and polishing of composite restoration among dentists" The questionnaire was distributed through a google forms link. The entered data analysed using SPSS statistics Version 21.0. Descriptive statistics was performed to calculate frequencies of categorical variables and chi square test was done to study the association. Results: Majority of respondents had good knowledge (67.5%), while 60.5% of them had good practices. After controlling for confounders by multivariate logistic regression, all categories of dentists with good knowled ge and consultants still had significantly better dental practices.P = 0.58 > 0.05. Conclusion: Experienced dentists and restorative consultants appear to have adequate knowledge about composite and this had a significant impact on their practice. A need however exists to bridge the gap among other categories of dental personnel to improve the esthetic outcome of composite restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Waste generated from hospitals is bio hazardous, highly infectious & toxic. Indiscriminate disposal of hospital waste possesses health risk to human & animal population because of the high potential of disease transmission through unregulated waste pose a dangerous threat not only to human health safety but also to environment for current & future generations, so it is of utmost importance to handle biomedical waste in environmentally sound manner. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, practices & attitude of biomedical waste management in dental health care workers so that regular training programs may be provided for proper handling of biomedical waste generated in dental health Institution. Material &Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst dental health care workers (DHCWs) on volunteer basis. Study was conducted in 70 volunteers including doctors, paramedical/nursing staff, junior residents, post graduate and undergraduate students. Survey was conducted using a predesigned questionnaire about the basic knowledge, segregation of waste at source, color coding & injury reporting. The hard copy of the questionnaires were collected and the correct answers were tabulated on the excel sheet and sent for statistical analysis. Results ANOVA and unpaired t-test were done. Percentage wise data was derived. Doctors had highest knowledge about the biomedical waste management followed by paramedical staff/nurses, junior residents, post graduate and undergraduate students. The knowledge about needle stick injury was found to be less in all the cadres. Conclusion The knowledge about the biomedical waste management was found more in faculty/Doctors followed by paramedics/nursing staff and post graduate and undergraduate students. The importance of biomedical waste management training needs to be imparted at all levels amongst dental care providers, because lack of knowledge impacts the practices of appropriate waste disposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental practice has evolved over time and has adapted to the challenges that it has faced. The risk of infection spread via droplet and airborne routes poses a significant risk to the dentist who works close to patients. The risk of cross-infection between dental health-care personnel and patients can be very high due to the peculiar arrangements of dental settings. Dental clinics should have air purification systems with high volume excavators and negative pressure rooms for COVID-19 screening. Mucormycosis is a fungal disease that mostly occurs in immunocompromised individuals and those with uncontrolled diabetes. Dental extraction can trigger the occurrence. Increased occurrence of mucormycosis is seen in COVID-affected patients. This article gives a review on the dentistry-related transmission of COVID 19, the relation of COVID and mucormycosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an extremely alarming situation across the world. Researchers have identified it to be transmitted by direct/indirect contact through droplets from body fluids like saliva. Dental professionals are considered to be at high risk. Aim: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 pandemic among dental professionals. Materials and Methodology: A self-administered, structured, pilot-tested close-ended 21 questionnaire was distributed among the dental professionals (Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students, internship, postgraduates, and practitioners. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) for descriptive analysis of the data. Results: A total of 513 participants completed the survey, of which 217 (42.2%) were BDS students, 64 (12.5%) were interns, 88 (17.2%) were postgraduates, and 144 (28.1%) were practitioners. Out of 513 respondents, 144 (71.9%) were males and 369 (28.1%) were females. Conclusion: All the respondents seem to have sufficient knowledge regarding COVID-19 and the adoption of World Health Organization and dental association guidelines. However, a difference in viewpoint was observed and the possible explanation could be the level of education and understanding. We believe that this survey may have reemphasized the importance of vigilance and practice by the dental care workers, in preventing the transmission of novel viral disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to analyze the perception of primary care workers about the interprofessional performance of the oral health teams (OHT). With a descriptive and qualitative approach, semi-structured and audio-recorded interviews, were conducted individually in a closed environment, with professionals from the Family Health Strategy (FHS) and the Expanded Nucleus of Family Health and Primary Care (ENFH-PC) from the city of Londrina, PR, Brazil. Thus, the sample consisted of: two dentists, two nurses, two pharmacists, two physiotherapists, two physicians, two nutritionists, two physical education professionals and two psychologists. The semi-structured script consisted of two parts: the first with questions about the professional profile of respondents and the second with guiding questions about the perception of interprofessional work, knowledge of the activities performed by the dentist and OHT, as well as the integration and articulation of OHT with other health professionals (potentialities and weaknesses). Using the Bardin Content Analysis technique, the answers were grouped into analysis categories: a) workers' perceptions regarding interprofessional work, b) integration between Dentistry and c) FHS/ENFH-PC, and Dentistry's potentialities and weaknesses in interprofessional practice. With the insertion of Dentistry in the FHS expanded access to dental services, a point highlighted as potentiality. However, the activities developed by OHT remained associated with the technical and individual procedures. It was concluded that interprofessional practices are still a challenge for dental workers in the FHS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the awareness, frequency and type of occupational injury in dental personnel of Karachi. Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted using a pre-designed questionnaire addressing dental personnel of two dental hospitals in Karachi. The inclusion criteria included dental personnel of both genders aged between 20 years to 60 years given verbal consent. The non-cooperative respondents and unwilling participants were excluded. The sample population includes final year BDS students, house officers (HOs), dental officers (DOs), general dental practitioners (GDPs), consultants, post-graduate residents (PGs) and dental staff assistants (DSAs). The dental health care workers were asked for the frequencies, tool, procedure and the departments in which they experienced NSI/SII; their knowledge and practice regarding standard management protocols for NSI/SII and their reporting was assessed. The ample size of 201 personnel has participated. The researcher filled out the questionnaire, enter and analyzed the data on SPSS version 19.00. Results: Female and final year BDS participants were 74.6% (n=150) and 35.3% (n=71) respectively. Needle stick injury or sharp instrument injury was 69.6% (n=140). Most frequent instrument causing injury was dental needle i.e., 54.3% (n=76) while most frequent procedure was injury during local anesthesia administration i.e., 28.6% (n=40). Department of Oral Surgery was the most common department reported for injury i.e., 53.6% (n=75). Total 86.6% (n=174) were aware of knowledge of standard protocol of needle stick injury management and 79.3% (n=111) of dental personnel followed standard protocols for its management. The statistical analysis was done with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0. Conclusion: It has been concluded that the frequency of dental occupational injury is high and most injuries were caused by needles during oral surgical procedures. Awareness of dental personnel towards dental occupational injury and its management protocols in Karachi is adequate but continuing education activities related to the topic must be planned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Objectives: Dental care providers are at risk of percutaneous exposure injuries (PEIs) due to the intimate nature of the patient‐dentist environment and the routine use of sharp instruments. They are the most vulnerable to accidental exposure of blood‐borne viruses. The aim of this study was to determine the types of PEIs sustained by staff and students at the Griffith University Dental Clinic over a 6‐year period. Methods: Data were collected regarding PEIs sustained amongst dental staff and students between 2014 and 2019. Data were obtained from the risk incident reporting system (GSafe) and the patient management Software (Titanium), and then analysed using IBM SPSS. The chi‐squared tests and multinomial logistic regressions were performed with significance set at <.05. Results: Over the 6‐year period, there were 308 PEIs with an incidence rate of 0.109%, with 67 being needle stick injuries (0.023%). These injuries happened more often in restorative procedures, followed by local anaesthesia and oral surgery. Dental students were at a greater risk of sustaining PEIs (65.6%) when compared with professional staff (34.4%). Most common instruments included needles (21.8%), probes (20.5%) and burs (18.2%). Conclusion: Overall, the incidence of percutaneous injuries at the Griffith University Dental Clinic was low. The most common instruments were needles, probes and burs, and dental students were at greatest risk of sustaining injuries. Prevention of injuries by not recapping needles, immediate removal of burs from handpieces, the use of cassettes and single‐use instruments has effectively decreased PEIs experienced by dental students and staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices about online education during COVID-19 outbreak among dental professionals in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 200 participants was taken comprising interns, postgraduate, faculty, and private practitioners of dental specialty. A prevalidated 15-item questionnaire incorporating four domains was distributed among the participants. It was followed by statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: The results were tabulated using descriptive analysis. Association was determined using the Chi-square test, whereas one-way analysis of variance is used for comparison between the groups. The correlation between knowledge, attitude, and practices among dental professionals was assessed using Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of the study showed that the attitude and practices among dental professionals were statistically significant (P > 0.05). Moreover, statistically significant results were obtained when correlation was done between knowledge, attitude, and practices (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The study concludes the need to enhance the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices about online education during COVID-19 outbreak among dental professionals in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Tattoo artists are an understudied population with regards to musculoskeletal (MSK) pain. Aims To explore the characteristics of MSK pain among Israeli tattoo artists and determine whether they are similar to those of dental workers. Methods An online survey including demographics and the Hebrew version of the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was disseminated via Israeli social media groups. We directly compared tattoo artists, dental workers and office workers as a reference group. Results Altogether, 114 tattoo artists, 161 dental workers and 296 office workers responded. The most prevalent pain sites were lower back (56%), neck (47%) and hand (36%) among office workers; neck (67%), lower back (62%) and upper back (42%) among the dental workers; and lower back (72%), neck (66%) and hand (55%) among tattoo artists. Contrast analysis suggested office workers were less likely to report pain in the previous 12 months compared with dental workers and tattoo artists (adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence intervals]: ORs [95% CIs] for upper limb pain: 1.13 [1.01–1.28], neck pain: 1.3 [1.15–1.47], upper back pain: 1.27 [1.12–1.43] and low back pain: 1.15 [1.02–1.3]). No significant differences were observed between dental workers and tattoo artists (upper limb pain: 1.18 [0.9–1.54], neck pain: 1.06 [0.81–1.4], upper back pain: 1.22 [0.94–1.58] and low back pain: 1.24 [0.95–1.64]). Conclusions Tattoo artists and dental workers have similar MSK pain characteristics and are different from those of office workers. These characteristics are seemingly a direct result of the physical demands associated with their line of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infection with COVID-19 has serious consequences, which may lead to severe pneumonia and even death. There is a high risk of infection between dental personnel and patients due to working in proximity while performing dental treatments. Objective: This study aims to assess the awareness about COVID-19 and its preventive measures among final-year dental students. Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study, among the final-year Bachelor of Dental Surgery students, the sample size was 288 participants during the period from August 8, 2020, to August 15, 2020. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire formed of a series of close-ended questions about sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about COVID-19, prevention in dental clinic, and perception toward COVID-19. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science, version 25 (SPSS 20.0, Chicago, IL). The Chi-square test was used for the significance level, which was set at a value of P = 0.05 or less for all analyses. Results: Form 288 students, the average age (measured in years) was 23.31 ± 1.8. (means ± SD). A total of 224 (77.8%) respondents were females. For COVID-19-related knowledge, 282 (97.9%) students possessed a high knowledge level, 4 (1.4%) had moderate knowledge, and only 2 (0.7%) showed poor knowledge. Also, 95% of participants responded correctly with a total agreement to questions regarding infection control measurements, the least agreement response (85%) was for: avoid aerosol-generating procedures whenever possible. There are statistically significant relations between knowledge score and gender (P = 0.024), knowledge score and source of knowledge (P = 0.017), and perceived severity and knowledge score (P = 0.001). Conclusion: This study illustrated that the knowledge score among participants is good. There are associations between gender and level of knowledge, knowledge score and source of knowledge, and perceived severity and knowledge score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a prevention strategy against the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection among dental hospital staff over a 3-month period. Materials and methods: The effectiveness of the prevention strategy, which adopted healthcare staff protective measures, including patient triage and correct usage of personal preventive equipment, was evaluated by SARS-CoV-2 detection and serological testing. Patients who visited the Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, between January 31 and March 1 (lockdown period) and March 2 and April 27 (reopening period) in 2020 and in the same period in 2019 were included in the study. Patients' diagnosis, age, gender, and several undergoing aerosol-generating procedures during the study period were collected from the hospital's database. Corresponding data were compared year-on-year (2020-on-2019). A total of 757 hospital staff underwent SARS-CoV-2 detection and serological testing on April 28–29, 2020. Results: During the lockdown and reopening period in 2020, the number of hospital visits was dramatically decreased to about 6% and 58%, respectively, compared with the same period in 2019. However, emergency visits were increased 16- and 6.4-fold. A total of at least 6654 patients (13.58%) underwent aerosol-generating procedures during the study period in the year 2020. All hospital staff were negative according to SARS-CoV-2 detection and serological testing (IgG, IgM) data. Conclusion: During the study period in 2020, the total number of hospital visits dramatically reduced but emergency visits significantly increased. The prevention strategy implemented successfully prevented SARS-CoV-2 infection spread among healthcare workers in a dental hospital. Clinical relevance: The prevention strategy indicated patient triage and how to adopt preventive measures for controlling SARS-CoV-2 spread among healthcare workers. These data can be used as a reference for other sectors suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) is the most important public health challenge among dental staff. The objective of this study is to ascertain the prevalence and associated risk factors, which related to WMSD among dental staff in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study and 130 dental staff were selected through simple random sampling from in Armed Forced Hospital with at least 1 year of working experience. The self-administered validated and structured Standardized Nordic questionnaire was used. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine the association of risk factors with WMSD. Results: The results of the present study revealed that there was a high incidence of MSDs in the neck, shoulder, and lower back pain among dental personnel (72.6%). The common risk factors that contributed to WMSD were more than 5 years of experience (AOR 1.19 (1.03-2.82)), Saudi nationality (AOR 4.88 (1.27-18.72)), working more than 12 h (AOR 3.115 (1.258-7.578)) and resident doctors (AOR 1.14 (1.02-1.94)). Conclusions: The study concludes that WMSDs were a common and high rate of incidence among dental staff. There is a need to make a policy that will reduce the burden of WMSD among dental staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an extremely alarming situation across the world. Researchers have identified it to be transmitted by direct/indirect contact through droplets from body fluids like saliva. Dental professionals are considered to be at high risk. Aim: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 pandemic among dental professionals. Materials and Methodology: A self-administered, structured, pilot-tested close-ended 21 questionnaire was distributed among the dental professionals (Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students, internship, postgraduates, and practitioners. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) for descriptive analysis of the data. Results: A total of 513 participants completed the survey, of which 217 (42.2%) were BDS students, 64 (12.5%) were interns, 88 (17.2%) were postgraduates, and 144 (28.1%) were practitioners. Out of 513 respondents, 144 (71.9%) were males and 369 (28.1%) were females. Conclusion: All the respondents seem to have sufficient knowledge regarding COVID-19 and the adoption of World Health Organization and dental association guidelines. However, a difference in viewpoint was observed and the possible explanation could be the level of education and understanding. We believe that this survey may have reemphasized the importance of vigilance and practice by the dental care workers, in preventing the transmission of novel viral disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The occurrence of dental emergencies, now termed as dental disease nonbattle injuries (D-DNBIs), has long been an impacting factor on militaries' operational effectiveness. Owing to D-DNBIs contributing to low morale, the removal of personnel from duty, causing logistical hardships, and requiring deployable dental teams to operate in theater, there remains a significant benefit in the reduction in the occurrence of D-DNBIs. No study to date has reviewed D-DNBI rates specific to a modern military, and insight into whether militaries are seeing improvements in their dental preparedness remains to be gained.Materials and Methods: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the guidelines set out by Joanna Briggs Institute. Databases searched included SCOPUS, PubMed, OVID, and DOSS. Six hundred and one articles were initially screened, and six articles were included in the final review.Results: A D-DNBI rate of 172 per 1,000 members per year was reported across the coalition, with the U.S., UK, and French militaries reporting on their dental experience. Both the French data and one UK study reported significantly higher D-DNBIs than their U.S. counterparts, who described 124 D-DNBIs per 1,000 members per year. A significant proportion of these D-DNBIs were reported to be "preventable," which raises questions on the efficacy of garrison healthcare services. Dental disease nonbattle injury rates appear to be largely consistent with what was first reported decades ago, and there remains ongoing and significant value in expeditionary dental services providing supportive healthcare for any deployed military personnel.Conclusion: Rates of D-DNBIs appear to be stable with what was historically reported when an international coalition is considered, with national variation. There remains a significant number of D- DNBIs which require dental treatment within the operational theater, and further efficiencies can be gained from predeployment treatment of "preventable" D-DNBIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic put a pressure on all healthcare professionals and has affected the delivery of health care services globally. There is a need to understand the impact on different health care professionals in different countries. The aim of the present study was to explore the psychological impact of the pandemic among dental staff in Norway in relation to background characteristics, work situation and preparedness of the service.Methods: A structured questionnaire sent electronically to dentists, dental hygienists and dental assistants inquired information about the lockdown period in Norway (13 March-17 April 2020). Distributions of background characteristics, perceptions of preparedness and psychological impact were calculated. Exploratory factor analysis was performed, and Structural Equation Models (SEMs) were used to compare psychological impact between dental professionals treating patients versus not during lockdown.Results: Among the 1237 respondents, 58.8% worked clinically with patients. The majority were concerned of becoming infected (71.9%), of infecting others (85.4%) and/or of their family becoming infected (76.9%). Respondents who treated patients felt significantly more insecure about whether having become infected or not. The minority felt discriminated (6.7%), worried about death (11.7%), felt that life was threatening (9.8%) or felt loss of control of their lives (8.9%). More than 80% agreed that their workplace handled the situation well. Four factors were retrieved from the factor analysis. SEMs showed that gender and work experience had a significant effect on the factors Instability, Infection and Concerns. Respondents with work experience ≥10 years were less likely to express fear about Instability and Infection. Personnel reporting that their workplace had adequate equipment were also less concerned, however having adequate equipment did not reduce the factor Loss of control.Conclusion: The present study showed a considerable psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental personnel in Norway regardless of working clinically with patients or not. However, working with patients increased the insecurity about own infection status and of infecting people close to them. A safe working environment and adequate infection control measures are associated with less fear of infection and feeling of instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus has forced profound change on all aspects of society, with significant impact on dental education. Dental students like all other dental clinical personnel are considered to be at the highest risk amongst healthcare workers due to the nature of treatment, namely, working in the oral cavity (known reservoir for the virus) and the routine use of aerosol‐generating procedures. The nature of this pandemic has created several challenges to dental clinical education. The aim of this paper is to discuss these challenges and how educators have sought to overcome them. Materials and Methods: This paper reviews the evidence base around bio‐aerosol and infection control measures specifically in the context of dental education. Results: Using current knowledge of bio‐aerosol and increasing understanding of the virus, dental educators can implement evidence‐based measures to ensure safe teaching within both simulation and clinical environments. Discussion: This paper contextualises the current pandemic in a dental education setting by providing a critical appraisal of the challenges posed by SARS‐CoV‐2 and how these challenges may be managed. Conclusion: The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has created unique challenges for dental schools worldwide. Dental educators have sought to identify these challenges and find solutions appropriate to the stage of the pandemic specific to their geographical location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to develop a dental radiation protection guideline for patients and dental personnel through a questionnaire on safety management in dentists, radiological technologists and dental hygienists at dental institutions. The survey of dental institutions was conducted and statistically assessed. In the image receptor system of intraoral radiograph, film-based type (11.3%), DR type (34.9%), and panoramic radiograph of film-based type (8.3%) and DR type (22.1%) were included. Genital protector (92.9%), thyroid gland protector (65.4%), lead gloves and lead glasses (95.4%), and shielding devices (0.7%) were not used. Based on the results of the study, exposure protection apparatus, patient's image acquisition by licensed radiologists, and reduction of exposure levels by dental personnel are needed, in order to achieve safety in dental examinations. Radiation protection and safety management at dental institutions was insufficient, and dental personnel should utilize current radiation safety management guideline and continuing education to enable dose management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a paucity of evidence surrounding the potential detrimental effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) for both systemic and oral health. The effects of conventional cigarettes on the development of oral cancer are well known; however, the role of ENDS in oral carcinogenesis is yet to be elucidated. Furthermore, the exponential rise of the use of ENDS by the general public means that dental healthcare providers are more likely to encounter questions on their safety in the oral cavity, and on their effectiveness as a smoking cessation aid. Herein, we review the most up to date literature on the systemic and oral health complications of ENDS. Moreover, evidence-based recommendations on the use of ENDS as a smoking cessation tool within the dental setting are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dentists and generally dental personnel work under the risk of being infected by patients suffering from coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), who are unaware that they are infected. The reason lies in the fact that during dental procedures, aerosol is formed with droplets that may contain the virus. Thus, it is extremely important that dental personnel comply with adequate protective measures and equipment during clinical work. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the knowledge of COVID-19 and to determine the amount of stress with dental personnel of the Faculty of Dentistry in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: Health-care personnel of the Faculty of Dentistry with Clinics of the University in Sarajevo has been included in the research: teaching staff, clinical doctors, dental nurses, and dental technicians. The research was conducted in April 2020. It was conducted by an anonymous survey that participant's filled-in. Out of 157 distributed questionnaires in paper form, 134 participants responded. The questionnaire was divided into three parts: (1) personal data; (2) knowledge of infection COVID-19 (diagnostic methods, transmission pathways, and prevention measures); and (3) the amount of stress (feelings and thoughts) during epidemic COVID-19 with personnel. Results: The largest number of participants (61.97%) considers that COVID-19 may be transmitted from infected to a healthy person by inhalation of droplets generated through coughing of an infected person and by direct contact with aerosol dispersed from the mouth of the infected patient during dental treatment. The largest number of participants, 80 of them (59.7%) considers that the method of nucleic acid test is used in diagnosing COVID-19. COVID - 19 had a significantly larger influence on females; they showed higher extent of concern for the claim „I hardly fall asleep because of thinking about it," „I try not to talk on this topic" and „In my mind appear pictures in relation to this" (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Knowledge of COVID-19 and measures of protection of health-care personnel at the Faculty of dentistry with Clinics in Sarajevo is satisfactory. The largest fear of participants was fear of unconsciously transmitting the infection on people close to them and that members of their families become infected with COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In late 2019 a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China and spread throughout the world over a short period of time causing a pandemic of a respiratory disease named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 is easily transmitted from person to person through respiratory droplets and direct contact. The scarce available data indicate that dental healthcare personnel are at increased risk for acquisition of infection. Following the lockdown lifting, dental schools should be prepared to refunction safely and provide essential educational and healthcare services while protecting their students, patients, and personnel. The generation of aerosols in dental practice, in association with the high-transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 through aerosol-generation procedures, the simultaneous provision of dental services to patients in the same areas, and the fact that asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic infected persons may transmit the virus, render the implementation of specific infection prevention and control measures imperative for dental schools. Herein we review the few evidence-based data available to guide infection prevention and control measures for COVID-19 in dental schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The nature of dental profession requires a dentist to be in a close proximity to the patient's mouth to perform various operative treatments including procedures such as generating aerosols. As such, dentistry is considered as one of the riskiest profession for the cross-transmission of SARS-CoV2. Although the prevalence and incidence of SARS-CoV2 continue to increase worldwide; the dental services and treatment of non-emergency cases have resumed in many countries including Sudan. Moreover, the use of smartphone technology in communication with patients can play an important role in controlling the spread of SARS-CoV2. Therefore, the aim of this short review was to draw a summary on using smartphone technology for telescreening dental patients prior to their visit to the clinics and to set guidelines and rules for dental treatment during SARS-CoV2 pandemic. Methods: For the purpose of this study, telescreening is referred as a virtual contact between patients and healthcare personnel used to provide health services during the highly contiguous SARS-CoV2 pandemic. Using a smartphone, dental patients can be screened and questioned about their medical history and particularly for SARS-CoV2 (for symptoms such as fever, headache, coughing, breath shortness, loss of smell or taste). They should also be asked about their travel history to epidemic area, visiting hospital or coming in contact with a confirmed SARS-CoV2 patient during the last 14 days. On arrival to a dental clinic, the patient's temperature should be measured, instruction for wearing masks, hand hygiene, and keeping distances from others inside the waiting zone. Conclusion: Telescreening and triaging will minimize the time of patients' exposure to dental clinic environments, hence decreasing the risk of getting SARS-CoV2 infection for both patients and dental healthcare workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This study aimed to address the preventive procedures to protect healthcare workers at hospital to avoid COVID-19, and infection control procedures to protect dental professionals in dental office. METHODS: We conducted a search of published articles from PubMed, google scholar databases using key words such as COVID-19, healthcare worker, infection control, and dental practice. Relevant articles were identified and reviewed. Most published papers were clinical reports and case studies. We have selected some of the current published papers written in English in 2020. RESULTS: Infection control procedures to protect health workers at hospitals, and dental professionals at dental office were summurised and presented. Infection control procedures for healthcare workers at hospitals include Personal protective equipment, Korea filter (KF)94 respirator, goggles, face protector, disposable waterproof long-arm gown, and gloves, and others. Extra-protection procedures should be taken with old and vulnerable healthcare workers. Dental professionals should evaluate patients in advance before starting dental treatment. Aerosols generating procedures should be avoided and personal protective equipment should be used. Dental treatment should be restricted to emergency cases only. CONCLUSION: Old medical staff should be in safer distance to avoid infection, but young physicians and nurses should work at frontline as their immunity is better than their colleagues at old age. Screening patients and measurement of the body temperature are essential measures before dental treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the whole world and has now been declared a Pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although the mortality rate of this virus is low, it is especially potent against people with underlying systemic conditions. Dentistry is a profession where the doctor, as well as the dental staff, works in close vicinity to the patient's mouth. Dental education has two core components; didactic and clinical training (including patient care). Dental education has been interrupted in the past due to certain events (Arab Spring and SARS outbreak). Currently, the pandemic of COVID-19 has disrupted dental education globally as most of the dental schools and universities in the world have closed amidst the COVID-19 outbreak. Teledentistry is a subspecialty of telemedicine that helps in the provision of educational activities, advice, and diagnosis about treatment over a distance with the help of technology like video conferencing. The current overview summarizes the potential role of teledentistry in continuing the dental educational process in terms of delivery of didactic components, clinical training, and patient care. It can be concluded that with modern updated devices and tools, teledentistry can be an effective way to prevent disruption of dental education and it can be utilized in continuing the dental educational process in this critical time of the COVID-19 outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The emergence of life-threatening infectious diseases demands the implementation of efficient infection control practices in health care facilities. Failure to adhere to such infection control measures may lead to the spread of pathogens and microorganisms which damage the health of both the healthcare personnel and the community in general. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the practices of infection control procedures among dental staff through the application of a health education program. Subjects and methods: It was an intervention study conducted at a dental clinic at Bilqas District in Dakahlia Governorate to assess the knowledge and attitude of staff concerning infection control practice. The study included the doctors and nurses (20 dentists and five nurses) working in the clinic. Results: The results of the study revealed that there was a highly significant increase in infection control measures score and the total score; also, there was a significant increase in occupational safety measures score and waste disposal score after the intervention. Conclusion: The infection control measures implemented by health care providers in their dental practice were effective. Hence, it is necessary to educate, raise awareness of professionals, and promote constant updating courses on procedures aiming at improving safety in the dentistry practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has already set its firm grip over India with Chennai being one of the most affected cities. The dental personnel have a higher risk of infection due to close contact with the patient and a risk to inhale aerosolized particles. Aim: This study aims to gauge the knowledge among the dental practitioners on the protocols described by the Dental Council of India (DCI) to be followed in their clinics amidst COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 dental practitioners participated in the cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. The twenty questions were based on the knowledge regarding the protocol laid down by the DCI. Data obtained were analyzed using SPPS IBM software version 19.0, Chicago. Results: About 61.1% of dentists were unaware of how to tackle a COVID-19 suspected patient. About 90.7% of them did not know to differentiate emergency from urgent dental care procedures. About 84% did not know the most effective pre-procedural mouth rinse. About 76% were unaware of the right concentration of preparing the fumigation chemical. About 56.7% were unsure about the correct method of disinfection of the clinic and dental chair. Nearly 78.7% of the dentists did not know right mask for treating a COVID-19 positive patient and also 61.3% prescribed ibuprofen as a drug, neglecting its effects toward COVID-19. Conclusion: Despite the availability of guidelines and protocols to be followed by the dental practitioners, many lack knowledge regarding the same. Continuing dental education programs and webinars are a pre-requisite to update the dental professionals during COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Anxiety toward dental treatment can lead to preventable morbidity, most notably oral pain and infection. This is of concern to the UK Armed Forces (UK AF), as dental care may not be immediately accessible during deployments and exercises, necessitating aeromedical evacuation. Current Defence Policy states that serving UK AF personnel requiring sedation to tolerate routine dental treatment are to have their Joint Medical Employment Standard (JMES) reviewed to restrict their deployability and employability. This article explores current sedation delivery, dentist opinion, and adherence to policy.Materials and Methods: The total number and type of intravenous (IV) sedation appointments over a 6-month period was assessed using surgical logbooks. Questionnaires were sent to all dentists in primary care responsible for treating military patients to ascertain their attitudes toward the requirement for sedation in support of recruitment and deployability. Ten-year retrospective data analyses were used to identify current trends in sedation use in the UK AF.Results: Responses were received from 117/137 (85%) dentists. All of the responding Civilian Dental Practitioners felt that there was a requirement for IV sedation in contrast to the Royal Navy (RN), where over a quarter (28%) disagreed. The majority, 48 (81%), of Army dentists felt that military patients unable to tolerate routine treatment under local anesthesia alone should not deploy on operations, compared with 7 (63%) of their civilian counterparts. Overall, 72 (62%) respondents felt that patients unable to tolerate routine treatment without sedation should not be recruited.Conclusions: Civilian Dental Practitioners in the sample indicated that they were less likely to recommend a patient for JMES review, less likely to prevent patients from deploying and less likely to believe that individuals requiring sedation for routine treatment should not be recruited into the UK AF. These attitudes are contrary to current Defence direction and could increase the risk of UK AF personnel experiencing morbidity on deployment requiring aeromedical evacuation. Over the longer term, civilianization of Defence dentistry is likely to reduce collective operational experience and Defence must ensure that clinicians understand the management of anxious patients in the military context and their responsibilities in relation to JMES. Furthermore, policy limiting the recruitment of personnel with significant dental anxiety is not being robustly adhered to. Based on the number of dental procedures undertaken under IV sedation in the UK AF, consistent application of this policy would not affect recruitment at an organizational level, but would limit the risk of deploying these personnel. Further work is required to understand dental anxiety within the UK Armed Forces so that the operational morbidity risks can be quantified and provision appropriately planned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To assess unreported cases of needle stick injuries (NSIs) and to find association between awareness, attitude, practices with unreported odds of NSIs. It was hypothesized that more than 50% NSIs are unreported. METHODOLOGY: It was cross sectional study design executed in Karachi among the dental care providers from July - September 2018. The calculated sample size was 281 which was augmented as 396. Total 312 questionnaires were completely filled. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 23. Association between categorical variable were assessed by Chi square/Fischer exact test. RESULTS: Total n=195(62.5%) subjects experienced NSIs during clinical practice; from which n=110 (56.4%) were unreported and n=85(43.5%) were reported cases in individual's working setup. Majority of the subjects were aware of the harms of NSIs but not reporting the cases in clinical settings. From the to tai sample (n=231-74%) were aware of the needle safety device but (n=139-60%) were not reporting the incidence at p-value of 0.043-graph-1. Total (n=294-92%) participants were in favor of the need of strong reporting system of NSIs. On the other hand; majority of the study participants were practicing the preventive measures against NSIs but more than 50% were not reporting the NSIs; there was significant difference found for wearing gloves for disposing contamination and bent needle before dispose but not reporting the NSIs at p-value of 0.012 and 0.003 respectively. CONCLUSION: It was inferred that more than 50% needle stick injury cases were unreported among dental personnel despite of having sufficient awareness, attitude and practices towards safe clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Dental professionals are prone to have hearing impairment due to prolonged exposure of noise in dental college. The aim of the study was to assess the hearing ability of dental personnel working in Yenepoya Deemed to be University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted on 60 subjects (30 male and 30 female). Audiometric analysis was carried out using pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and otoacoustic emission test (OAE). Statistical Analysis: Data were calculated and analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's honestly significant difference test. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed between hearing loss and its association with age, gender, working experience, mean daily working time, and specialization. PTA results showed a statistically significant hearing loss in the left ear, showing a dip at frequency of 4000 Hz among working experience group of 11–15 years and at 6000 Hz for 21–25 years. Also, a statistically significant hearing loss was observed in the left ear at 6000 and 8000 Hz for the age-group of 51–55 years. OAE results were consistent with PTA findings. Conclusion: Dentists and dental personnel are at a higher risk of noise-induced hearing loss. As the working experience increases, the threshold shift is seen to shift from 4000 to 6000 Hz, which is indicative of sensorineural hearing loss due to noise-induced dental environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental safety is a key area of concern. The increased awareness of the dangers of cross-contamination with hepatitis B virus and HIV during dental procedures is having a growing impact in attitudes toward infection control in dental clinic and laboratory. Moreover, the principle potential route of transmission from patient to dental personnel is through contaminated impressions and prostheses. It has been demonstrated that microorganism can be recovered from casts recovered from impressions made of dental molds experimentally inoculated with bacteria. The responsibility to have a thorough knowledge of the patient's history and ensure that the staff member is not at risk of cross-contamination begins with the clinician. Thus, it is important that impressions can be disinfected by the clinician/a suitably protected technician before the initiation of any laboratory procedures. The rationale for infection control is to "control" iatrogenic, nosocomial infections among patients, and potential occupational exposure of care providers to disease-causing microbes during the provision of care. Lack of infection control is life threatening for both the patient and the dental professional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess the status of health services provision of public tertiary dental hospitals during the COVID-19 epidemic in China and to evaluate the regional difference of telehealth. Materials and methods: The health services provision of public tertiary dental hospitals in China mainland during the COVID-19 epidemic was inquired. The status of non-emergency dental services, emergency dental services, and online professional consultation and the hospitals' geographical distribution were recorded and analyzed. Results: All the 48 public tertiary dental hospitals suspended general non-emergency dental treatment while providing emergency dental services only. Ninety percent of them notified the change of dental services online, and 69% of them offered free online professional consultations. The penetration rate of online technology was significantly higher in the eastern region than that of the central and western regions. Conclusions: There was a significant change in the health service provision of Chinese public tertiary dental hospitals during the COVID-19 epidemic and wider use of telehealth in the eastern region. Clinical relevance: This report demonstrated that dental health services were significantly affected by the COVID-19 epidemic in China, which might lead to a long-time impact on dental care in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]