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Polyp segmentation is a challenging task, as some polyps exhibit similar textures to surrounding tissues, making them difficult to distinguish. Therefore, we present a parallel cross‐attention and texture‐aware network to address this challenging task. CATNet incorporates the parallel cross‐attention mechanism, Residual Feature Fusion Module, and texture‐aware module. Initially, polyp images undergo processing in our backbone network to extract multi‐level polyp features. Subsequently, the parallel cross‐attention mechanism sequentially captures channel and spatial dependencies across multi‐scale polyp features, thereby yielding enhanced representations. These enhanced representations are then input into multiple texture‐aware modules, which facilitate polyp segmentation by accentuating subtle textural disparities between polyps and the background. Finally, the Residual Feature Fusion module integrates the segmentation results with the previous layer of enhanced representations. This process serves to eliminate background noise and enhance intricate details. We assess the efficacy of our proposed method across five distinct polyp datasets. On three unseen datasets, CVC‐300, CVC‐ColonDB, and ETIS. We achieve mDice scores of 0.916, 0.817, and 0.777, respectively. Experimental results unequivocally demonstrate the superior performance of our approach over current models. The proposed CATNet addresses the challenges posed by textural similarities, setting a benchmark for future advancements in automated polyp detection and segmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When studying the characteristics of aerostatic bearings with orifices by solving the Reynolds equation, it is usually assumed that the discharge coefficient is a constant of 0.8,which may affect the accuracy of solving the Reynolds equation. A method which combined Fluent and Reynolds equation was proposed to obtain the discharge coefficient in the aerostatic thrust bearings with inherent orifices. The discharge coefficients were calculated by comparing the mass flow rate obtained by FLUENT and Reynolds equation simulations. The influence of parameters such as gas film thickness, gas supply pressure,and orifice diameter on the orifice coefficient was analyzed. The results indicate that the discharge coefficient increases first and then decreases with the increase of film thickness,decreases with the increase of gas supply pressure,and increases with the increase of orifice diameter. However, the discharge coefficient is not sensitive to changes in bearing radius and orifice length. The bearing capacity from solution of Reynolds equation with the discharge coefficient obtained by this solution method is agreement with that from FLUENT, verifying the correctness and feasibility of this solution method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationship between Protein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9 inhibitor (PCSK9i) and psychiatric adverse events (AEs) remains unclear due to the limitations of clinical trials. In this study, PCSK9i‐related psychiatric AEs were realistically observed and systematically summarized in the real world by data mining the FDA AE Reporting System (FAERS). Method: Total AEs between the third quarter of 2015 and the first quarter of 2023 were obtained from FAERS. Psychiatric AEs were identified using disproportionality analysis and clinical prioritization of signals using a rating scale, followed by univariate logistic regression to explore factors influencing psychiatric AEs. Results: Psychiatric AEs accounted for 6.7% of the total number of PCSK9i reports. Eighteen psychiatric AEs were defined as PCSK9i‐related psychiatric adverse events (ppAEs) (lower 95% CI of both ROR >1 and IC025 > 0). The median age of ppAE reports was 68 years, and female patients accounted for 22.67% of reports, including 41.40% of reports with a serious outcome. Eleven (61.11%) and seven (38.89%) ppAEs were classified as weak and moderate clinical priority, respectively. The median time to onset of ppAEs was 149 and 196 days after treatment with evolocumab and alirocumab, respectively. Patients weighing ≥80 kg were 1.59 times more likely to experience ppAEs. Conclusion: The results of this study facilitate the prioritization of psychiatric AE signals by healthcare professionals with the goal of mitigating the risk of PCSK9i‐related psychiatric AEs. However, as an exploratory study, our findings need to be confirmed in large‐scale prospective studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A microscopic theory is developed for time-domain and frequency-domain four-wave mixing of polyatomic molecules in condensed phases. The nonlinear response function R(t3,t2,t1) is expressed in terms of the four-point correlation function of the dipole operator and is evaluated explicitly for a stochastic Langevin model of line broadening which holds for any correlation time of the solvent. Our results interpolate between the fast modulation limit, in which the optical Bloch equations are valid, and the static limit of inhomogeneous line broadening. Green function techniques are developed and used to perform the necessary summations over the vibronic manifolds required in the calculation of nonlinear susceptibilities in harmonic polyatomic molecules. Coherent anti-stokes Raman (CARS) line shapes are calculated for a simple model system and for the S0–S1 transition in azulene, which has seven Raman active modes. A detailed comparison with ordinary spontaneous Raman line shapes is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Depression imposes a huge health problem in the world. Recent studies report that berberine has neuroprotective effects. This study was investigated to evaluate the effects of berberine on depression and the potential underlying mechanisms. Methods: This experimental study included 48 mice, 8 CD1 mice and 40 C57 mice. Experiments were performed in the Laboratory Animal Center of China Three Gorges University, between May 2016 and February 2017. Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) was used to build the depressive-like behaviors model. Three behavior tests, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot were used to assay the changes in vivo. Results: We found that, in mice model induced by CSDS, berberine treatment increased mobility times in forced swim test and tail suspension test and reduced corticosterone level in serum. Furthermore, berberine increased traveled distance, frequencies in enter the central square, and duration time on the center square in the open field test as well. Further experiments showed that berberine treatment upregulated neuronal PAS domain protein 4 (NPAS4) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein/mRNA expressions in hippocampus tissue of CSDS mice. Conclusion: The present results suggested that berberine possessed properties in antidepressive-like behaviors, which might be partly attributed to upregulation of NPAS4 and BDNF expressions in hippocampus. Abbreviations used: CSDS: Chronic social defeat stress; BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; NPAS4: Neuronal PAS domain protein 4; FST: Force swim test; TST: Tail suspension test; OFT: Open field test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies have reported that depression is associated with increased level of oxidative stress and accompanied with decreased Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology-associated protein 1-nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Keap1-Nrf2) signaling pathway. Berberine has been shown to possess properties on protection against neurodegenerative diseases, but its effects on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced depressive such as behaviors and Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway are unknown. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of berberine on CUMS induced depression animal model and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: We established CUMS depressant rats model and treated CUMS rats with berberine. Sucrose preference test, forced swim test , and tail suspension test were used to measure behavioral changes. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot to test the levels of cytokines in the hippocampus. Results: We found that CUMS rats displayed obvious depressive-like behaviors. Moreover, berberine treatment prevented depressive behaviors in CUMS rats accompanied with suppression of oxidative stress markers. Further experiments showed that berberine treatment up-regulated the expression of Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway and its downstream neuroprotective factors. Conclusion: The present results suggested that treatment of berberine significantly ameliorated depressive-like behaviors in CUMS rats and enhanced Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathways in hippocampus. Abbreviations used: MDD: Major depressive disorder; CUMS: Chronic unpredictable mild stress; FST: Forced swim test; TST: Tail suspension test; Keap1: Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology-associated protein 1; Nrf2: nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; ARE: Antioxidant response elements; SOD: Superoxide Dismutase; MDA: Malonic dialdehyde; IMI: Imipramine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]