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Limb-shaking transient ischemic attack (TIA); is an uncontrolled rhythmic or dysrhythmic, temporary, and generally coarse tremor movement of the upper or lower extremities. Since Miller Fisher's first report of limb-shaking TIA associated with internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis in 1962, this condition has been described regularly. These are characterized by brief, arrhythmic, jagged, or jerky movements of the extremities and are generally misdiagnosed as focal seizures or movement disorders. TIA is usually correlated with negative neurological symptoms; thus, the diagnosis of TIA is typically not considered in patients presenting with episodic abnormal movement disorder. We presented three cases, one of these cases was one with ICA stenosis who benefits from revascularizatıon treatment (internal carotid artery stenting), the second case with ICA stenosis and who does not benefit from revascularization treatment (carotid endarterectomy operation), and the last patient wıthout ICA stenosis. The common feature of all three patients was hypotension. These patients are not as rare as thought, and the etiology of cerebral hypoperfusion should be urgently evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study retrospectively evaluated the effects of quetiapine on sleep in primary insomnia and neurodegenerative diseases using polysomnographic data. Materials and Methods: Between January 1, 2010, and June 1, 2023, the records of 49 patients who were followed up in the sleep outpatient clinic of the neurology department of our hospital and who underwent polysomnography examination were retrospectively reviewed. Patients aged between 18 and 65 years with primary insomnia and neurodegenerative diseases were included in the study. Results: The mean age of 49 patients (26 females and 23 males) were 56.67 years. The mean quetiapine dose was 59.37. Sleep latency, stage 1 (N1) duration, stage 2 (N2) duration, mean and minimum SO2 and apnea-hypopnea index were similar. Total sleep duration, stage 3 (N3) duration and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration were higher in neurodegenerative patients. N3 duration was shorter in patients with primary insomnia on quetiapine. Sleep duration and REM duration were longer in the neurodegenerative group and sleep latency was longer in primary insomnia in quetiapine users. Among quetiapine users, the N2 sleep percentage was higher and the nonREM 3 sleep percentage was lower in primary insomnia, whereas there was no difference in sleep percentages in neurodegenerative patients. Conclusion: Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent. It shortens sleep latency and decreases the percentage of REM sleep and wake time. It increases total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and N2 sleep. In this study, in primary insomnia patients using quetiapine, N3 sleep duration was shorter and sleep percentage was lower, whereas N2 sleep percentage was longer. There has been no placebo-controlled study of any antipsychotic drug for treating insomnia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Uludag University Medical Faculty / Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Journal of Uludag University Medical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: Sleep is an essential part of a healthy life. Many people experience insomnia due to their living conditions. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an essential role in remodeling the microenvironment. Tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) maintain a balance with MMPs. Disruption of the balance causes various pathologies. The aim of the study is to elucidate the effects of sleep disturbance on matrix metalloproteinases and inhibitors by comparing MMP-2/TIMP-2 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio in the serum of patients with chronic insomnia to healthy controls. Materials and Methods: This study included 40 adult males diagnosed with chronic insomnia and 40 healthy individuals as a control group. Blood samples were obtained from the brachial vein and subsequently centrifuged at 2,000 rpm for 15 minutes to collect serum samples. MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 levels were analyzed using commercial Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit protocols with the obtained serum samples. Results: Consequently, in this study it was demonstrated a higher MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio in chronic insomnia patients when compared to healthy controls, whereas the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio remained unchanged. Conclusion: These results suggest that higher MMP2/TIMP2 ratio may potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases associated with sleep deprivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Status epilepticus (SE) is a serious neurological emergency that can has high morbidity and mortality rates and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. There are different etiologies and the prognosis varies multifactorially. The aim of this study was to reveal the etiological causes, clinical features and mortality rates of patients diagnosed with SE at our center. Methods: The records of 234 patients with a diagnosis of SE over the age of 18 who were followed up and treated at our center between 01.01.2015-01.01.2022 were evaluated retrospectively. Using the hospital information operating system database, we identified people hospitalized with an International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision code G41 for SE as the primary diagnosis. Demographic information, clinical characteristics, and discharge results were obtained from medical records. Results: One hundred-twenty (51.3%) female and 114 (48.7%) male patients were evaluated. The top 3 most common etiologic causes were: discontinuation of anti-seizure treatments without advice (n=82), cerebrovascular events (n=50), and meningitis or encephalitis (n=39). Motor seizures were detected in 183 (78.2%) patients, and non-motor seizures were detected in 51 (21.8%) patients. Seizures were suppressed by first-line treatment in 24 patients and by secondline treatments in 135 patients. Seventy-five patients whose seizures could not be suppressed were accepted as refractory SE and 9 died. The mean age of all patients was 55, and 63 of the patients died. Conclusion: In this study, clinical and demographic features, the etiological causes and in the hospital mortality rates of SE followed in a single center in the Turkish population were determined. The most common causes of patients diagnosed with SE were discontinuation of anti-seizure treatments without our recommendation, cerebrovascular diseases and central nervous system infections, respectively. In our center, no relationship was found between age and mortality. The in-hospital mortality rate was 3.9% for all patients (n=234) and 12% for patients with refractory SE (n=75). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common disorder that results from the collapse of the upper airways during sleep and causes temporary hypoxia. OSAS and hypertension are common and multifactorial diseases. aim This study aimed to determine the clinical, demographic, polysomnographic and prognostic features of OSAS patients with hypertension. Materials and Methods: In this study, 364 patients diagnosed with OSAS in the sleep laboratory of the Department of Neurology, Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine between 2016 and 2021 were retrospectively scanned and included. The patients were analyzed by comparing them with and without hypertension. Results: When patients with and without hypertension were compared according to clinical, demographic and polysomnography data, age (p<0.001), sex (p=0.009), presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) (p<0.001), presence of coronary artery disease (p<0.001), presence of heart failure (p=0.020), presence of atrial fibrillation (p=0.004), ischemic stroke (p<0.001), minimum oxygen saturation (p=0.015), oxygen desaturation index (p=0.034) and body mass index (BMI) (p<0.001) were statistically significantly correlated. When the significant variables were analyzed with binary logistic regression, the most significant variables were age [p<0.001, odds ratio (OR): 1.07], DM (p<0.001, OR: 7.58), coronary artery disease (p=0.003, OR: 4.92), heart failure (p=0.041, OR: 5.53), ischemic stroke (p=0.042, OR: 3.38) and BMI (p<0.001, OR: 1.28). Conclusion: In this study, we found that cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, heart failure and ischemic stroke are more common in OSAS patients with hypertension, and this is independent of risk factors such as age, DM and BMI. OSAS and cardiovascular diseases may show ethnic and racial differences. For this reason, we suggest conducting multicenter prospective studies examining the effects on blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular diseases in our own population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Narcolepsy is a condition characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, hypnogogic hallucination and sleep paralysis. Sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) is a parasomnia that occurs while sleeping and manifests itself as paroxysmal episodes of involuntary eating and/or drinking. Both sleep disorders often occur as primary conditions. Sleep disorders secondary to medical treatment less often occur. This report presents the case of a patient with narcolepsy and another with SRED as a result of anamnesis and polysomnography. These sleep disorders are due to recently initiated fluoxetine treatment. Sleep disorder occurring as secondary to medication has been ignored because it has eluded the clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased daytime sleepiness, hypersomnia, is a very common symptom in the general population and may cause serious problems in their lives. Hypersomnia may be idiopathic or may occur secondary to other aetiologies. Infections and vaccinations may also be related to hypersomnias. A 74-year-old man complaining of muscle weakness after severe diarrhoea was admitted and diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). He also complained of increased daytime sleepiness since the emergence of his weakness, for which all metabolic and endocrine aetiologies were excluded. A full night polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test revealed objective daytime sleepiness and tree episodes of rapid eye movements during sleep periods. Because of the temporal association, the patient was diagnosed with secondary narcolepsy secondary to post-infectious GBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Sleep respiratory disorders, which are more common in epilepsy patients, are treatable diseases. We have discussed the diagnosis of sleep apnea syndrome after PSG of epileptic patients with visible apnea and snoring, in light of the findings in the literature. Methods: For this study, from 1120 patients with epilepsy, 32 of them who were diagnosed with OSA in the PSG test were selected. Thirty- two patients with epilepsy that snoring and apnea who consulted sleep center. Patients with simple snoring and upper airway resistance were not selected. Epworth Sleep Scales was applied to all patients and all patients were taken. Results: In this study, the findings showed that the ratio of OUAS in patients with epilepsy was 2.9%. 21 of the 32 cases were male and 11 were female. The mean age was 53 (42-69) years. 72% had partial epilepsies and 28% generalized. The Apne-hypopnea index was 28 (14-48). PAP treatment was performed after the diagnosis of sleep apnea syndrome. Conclusion: Sleep respiratory disorders are more common in patients with epilepsy than the rest of the population and they are treatable diseases. The other study revealed that the frequency of OSAS among epilepsy was10,2%. In this study, the findings showed that the ratio of OSAS in patients with epilepsy was 2.9%.This a risk for OSAS and the medication used for the treatment should be selected appropriately. Clinical screening of OSAS in settings of epileptic patients may be needed to diagnose to find out it maybe a potential and modifiable risk factor for epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the semiological signs having high lateralizing/localizing value of epileptogenic area (EA) using video-electroencephalography monitoring (VEM), neuroimaging, and neuropsychological tests in patients with extratemporal lobe epilepsy (ETLE) and to investigate the correlation between these methods. Methods: We enrolled patients who were admitted to the VEM unit between October 2006 and June 2012 due to ETLE. In total, 198 seizures of 34 patients, who were monitored for 24--120 h, were evaluated in detail by two observers. In accordance with the epilepsy protocol, all patients underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging for anatomic localization and F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for functional localization due to drug-resistant epilepsy. Neuropsychological tests were performed by an experienced psychologist for frontal and parietal lobe localizations. Results: The lateralization of EA using semiological signs could be performed in 67.6% of the patients. The signs having the highest lateralizing value were version, unilateral tonic activity, and unilateral clonic activity and those having the lowest lateralizing value were unilateral dystonia, unilateral smiling, unilateral automatism, and sensorial aura. Correlation analysis between anatomical functional foci determined by semiological signs and the results of ictal/interictal electroencephalography (EEG), neuroimaging, and neuropsychological tests could not be performed due to inadequate patient number. Nevertheless, only three patients (8.82%) having the same EA were detected by both semiological signs and other methods. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the identification of epileptogenic focus in ETLEs is difficult despite multidisciplinary methods. We concluded that the most supportive diagnostic methods in identifying EA were interictal/ictal EEG, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to increase the awareness of narcolepsy in children and emphasize the reduction of the socioeconomic burden caused by the delayed or incorrect diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Demographic characteristics, clinical features, and electrophysiological studies of children diagnosed with narcolepsy in the Bursa Uludag University, Health Practice and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Neurology, were obtained from medical records. Results: Six children were included in the study. The average age at which the initial symptoms were observed was 11.5 years, whereas the average age of diagnosis was 13.5 years. Daytime sleep was accompanied by cataplexy in five cases and hypnogogic hallucinations in one case. Notably, the seizure was primarily considered in the differential diagnosis before diagnosing narcolepsy. Conclusion: It is crucial to increase the awareness of narcolepsy by physicians. Although families and children cannot express sleep disorders, we believe that questioning of sleep patterns during anamnesis in routine neurology practice could prevent delayed diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The current study aims to determine pain, daytime sleepiness, anxietyand depression levels of patients with chronic neuropathic pain and compare different clinical conditions causing neuropathic pain in terms of these variables. Method: 241 patients (105 patients with diabetic neuropathy, 39 patients with fibromyalgia, 27 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, 27 patients with radiculopathy, 22 patients with trigeminal neuralgia and 21 patients with postherpetic neuralgia) were included in the study. The assessments were performed using socio-demographic data form, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). Results: Evaluation of pain with VAS and LANSS showed no statistical difference among subgroups. Scores of LANSS and VAS were positively correlated with each other. ESS scores were found to be above the cut-off point (>10) in all subgroups.LANSS, but not VAS scores were positively correlated with ESS scores. Depression scores were above the cut-off point (>7) in diabetic neuropathy, fibromyalgia and trigeminal neuralgia groups and anxiety scores were above the cut-off point (>10) in diabetic neuropathy, fibromyalgia, trigeminal neuralgia and carpal tunnel syndromegroups. No correlation was found between scores of both VAS and LANSS and scores of HADS. Depression scores correlated positively with ESS scores (r=0.153, p<0.05). Conclusions: Daytime sleepiness, depression and anxiety are associated comorbidities with different neuropathic pain syndromes. Neuropathic character, but not the intensity of pain is associated with daytime sleepiness. Pain intensity does not predict anxiety and depression levels. Depression, but not anxiety shows a positive correlation with daytime sleepiness. These results might have implications for the better understanding of comorbidities in different neuropathic pain syndromes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There is a complex relationship among pain, sleep and mood, with boundaries indistinguishable from each other. Pain can disrupt the quality of sleep, disturbance of sleeping pattern can create pain and the reflection of this period can manifest itself as depression and anxiety in people. Materials and Methods: A total of 297 patients, followed up due to headache, were enrolled in the study. Patient study groups were classified as episodic tension-type headache (TTH), migraine, chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache. Patient assessments were performed by Epworth sleepiness scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale (HAM-A) and Hamilton Depression Rating scale (HDRS). Results: In all groups, excessive daytime sleepiness accompanied the clinical picture. In episodic TTH group, HAM-A was 12.27±3.34 (p<0.001), in migraine group, 10.09±2.94 (p<0.05), in chronic migraine group HAM-A was 7.90±2.41 (p>0.05), and in group with chronic TTH, HAM-A was 5.71±2.51 (p>0.05); anxiety scores were increased in episodic TTH and migraine groups when compared to other groups and also normal population. In episodic TTH group, HDRS was 8.34±3.85 (p>0.05); in migraine group, 9.01±1.25 (p>0.05); in chronic TTH group, 10.05±3.40 (p<0.001) and in group with chronic migraine HDRS was 11.70±3.25 (p<0.001). The depression scores were increased in chronic migraine group and chronic TTH group when compared to other groups and to normal population. Conclusion: As a conclusion, we suggest that pain, depression, anxiety and disorders of sleep should be considered as a whole and patient approach should be planned according to this concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Neurocutaneous syndromes are genetic diseases that affect the nervous system and the skin. Epileptic seizures are seen with variable frequency. In the present study, data of 29 patients from 5 centers were analyzed in an effort to draw attention to the disease group. Methods: Data of 29 patients diagnosed with neurocutaneous syndrome were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Study population was composed of 15 women (51.7%) and 14 men (48.3%), with a mean age of 31 (72±2.16). Ten patients (34.5%) were diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis, 9 (31%) with Sturge-Weber syndrome, 3 (10.3%) with neurofibromatosis type 1, 3 (10.3%) with neurofibromatosis type 2, 1 (3.4%) with neurocutaneous melanosis, 1 (3.4%) with hypomelanosis of Ito, 1 (3.4%) with probable Sturge-Weber syndrome, and 1 patient was diagnosed with unclassified neurocutaneous syndrome. One patient did not receive antiepileptic treatment, 9 (31%) received monotherapy, and 19 (65.5%) received polytherapy. Carbamazepine was the most commonly used medication. Conclusion: Attention is drawn to the prevalence of neurocutaneous syndrome in epileptic adults, with seizure frequency depending on syndrome type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narcolepsy is neurological disorder classified among central hypersomnolences group and characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, associated symptoms like hypnogogic/ hypnopompic hallucinations and sleep paralysis. It is divided into two types on the basis of accompanying cataplexy. In the pathophysiology of this disorder, which is accused an autoimmune process, hypocretin deficiency in the hypothalamus was shown. Narcolepsy is often seen as a primary disease in young population but may also occur with other disorders like cerebrovascular diseases, intracranial tumors, encephalitis, sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis or after head trauma, infections, and vaccines; in which the disease is accepted as secondary narcolepsy. In this case report, patients presenting with excessive daytime sleepiness and diagnosed as having secondary narcolepsy due to medical causes, and who have Parkinson's disease (PD), history of interferon use and hypothalamic involvement associated with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) were reported. Daytime sleepiness complaints should be well questioned in organic pathologies related with hypothalamus-pituitary system such as PD and similar diseases or in patients with history of drug use and secondary narcolepsy should be beared in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: End stage renal insufficiency (ESRI) is defined as the irreversible loss of renal functions. In its treatment is used hemodialisis, peritoneal dialisis or renal transplantation. Sleep disorders cause excesive daytime sleepiness, mental problems, dysfunction in general health and functions; and therefore affect the quality of life in patients with ESRI. In this study is evaluated the relationship between sleep quality and the qulity of life in patients with hemodialisis, peritoneal dialisis and renal transplantation. Materials and Methods: A total of 117 patients being treated in Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine Dialisis Unit between years 2011- 2012 were enrolled. Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to determine sleep quality of patients, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (EUS) and Rolls Royce Quality of Life Scale were used. Results: In PSQI, poor sleep quality was observed in 81.5% of patients with hemodialisis, which was 80.8% in patients with renal transplantation and 82% in patients with peritoneal dialisis. In Rolls-Royce Quality of life scale, general health, physical symptoms and activities were higher in patients with renal transplantation, and sleep disorders were higher in patients with hemodialisis. Conclusion: Chronic renal insufficiency is a very common condition. Sleep disorders in these patients may affect self-care and show a negative influence on the quality of life. Fort his reason, sleep disorders should be questioned and treated in these chronically ill patients with ESRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Giriş: Epileptik olmayan psikojen nöbetler (EOPN) epilepsi başta olmak üzere senkop, panik atak, anksiyete bozuklukları, hiperventilasyon atakları, parasomniler, auralı migren ve geçici iskemik ataklar ile sıklıkla karışabildiğinden dolayı klinisyenler tarafınca poliklinik şartlarında tanı sürecinde oldukça zorlanılan bir durumdur. Bu nedenle hastalarda birçok farklı tetkik ve tedaviler uygulanmaktadır. Ayrıca stres veya duygusal tetikleyiciler gibi faktörlerin olması EOPN'i düşündürebilir. Bu durumların temelinde veya primer uyku bozuklukları sonucu hastada EOPN gelişebilir. Amaç: Epileptik olmayan psikojen nöbetler ile uyku bozuklukları arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Çalışmamıza 154 hasta VEM ünitesinde ortalama 2,72 gün yatırılarak değerlendirildi. Yatış süresince ortalama 3,31 EOPN gözlemlendi. Hastalarımıza Epworth uykululuk ölçeği, RLS şiddet değerlendirmesi, pittsburgh uyku kalitesi indeksi ve uykusuzluk şiddeti indeksi uygulandı. Sonuçlar: Hastaların ortlama yaşı 38,38 ve çoğunluğu kadın cinsiyeti oluşturmaktaydı. Hastaların epworth uykululuk ölçeği ortalama 13,23 olarak sonuçlandı. Hastaların %42'sinde insomni şikayeti, %23'ünde ise huzursuz bacaklar semptomlarının varlığı dikkati çekti. Tartışma: EOPN'li hastalarda epilepsi hastalarına göre daha sık uyku sorunlarından bahsedilmekte olup yaklaşık üçte birinde uyku bozukluğu öyküsü olduğu görülmüştür. Toplam 68 hastayı kapsayan 4 ayrı polisomnografi çalışması yapılmıştır. Uykuda solunum bozukluğu hastaların %14-29'unda, periyodik hareket bozukluğu hastaların %27'sinde tespit edilmiş ve ortalama uyku latansı 45 dakikalık gecikme göstermiş olup uykuya ilk dalıştan sonra ortalama 1-2 saat uyanıklık ile genel uyku kalitesindeki bozukluk gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmalar hastaların büyük bölümünün uyku ilacı kullanmasının nedenini ortaya koymaktadır. Uyku bozuklukları, depresyon ve anksiyete bozukluklarında yaygın görülen semptomlardan biridir, ancak EOPN ile ilişkisinin basit bir komorbiditeden fazlası olduğu düşünülmektedir. Sonuç olarak EOPN hastalarında tedavide ve tetikleyici nedenler açısından mutlaka uyku bozukluğunun değerlendirilmesi ve gerekli koşullarda polisomnografi ile tedavisinin planlanması da gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Epilepsi: Journal of the Turkish Epilepsi Society is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While the incidence of non-epileptic psychogenic seizures (PS) is 1.5-3/100000 in community, the prevalence of PS varies between 2-33/100000. The ratio of PS was reported 5-20% for epileptic patients in community and it was reported 10-40% in epileptic centers. Approximately 20% of patients, who applied to epilepsy centers because of drug resistance seizures, were diagnosed and reported as a PS. In 2005, 2009 and, as the last time, 2010, International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) divided the status seizure types into two main groups as generalized onset and focal onset. It was categorized by subgroups as generalize convulsive status (tonic-clonic, tonic, clonic and myoclonic), generalize non-convulsive (absence) status, partial status and complex partial status by considering both EEG and clinical observations. In this study, we wanted to discuss the psychogenic non-epileptic status (PNE-status) types in our cases which are not elaborated in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder. Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability in the world. OSAS and stroke has common risk factors, are associated with each other and are both reported to play an important role in the etiology of each other. OSAS and stroke association was identified in our two cases in whom sleep-related respiratory problems were encountered before stroke. We would like to draw attention to the importance of OSAS being among the risk factors in the etiopathogenesis of stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]