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Bruchidius nepalensis sp. nov. (Figs 1–4, 7, 21) Type locality. Nepal, Bagmati Zone, Godawari, 1600 m a.s.l. Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♂ (dissected), ‘ Nepal, W. Wittmer / C. Baroni Urbani 76 // Godavari / 1600m 10.6.’, genitalia slide ‘ Bruchidius / 19 11 16 I’ (NHMB). PARATYPES: 4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, ‘O. Nepal 1978 / Bhakta B. Ch. // Junhesi 2700m / 25.5.79 Khumbu’ (NHMB, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ MNHN); 2 ♀♀, ‘ NEPAL centr, Bagmati Zone / Kathmandu valley / Lalipur Distr., Godawari, / Phulchoki, 2200-2700m / 1.-7.vi.1996 / P. Cechovsky lgt.’, 1 ♀ with genitalia slide ‘ Bruchidius / 18 07 16 II’ (CKWA); 1 ♂, ‘C. NEPAL, Nawakot / Triauli Khola, 2200m / Thade Gaon-Dhunche, 27.9. / leg. C. Holzschuh 1982’, genitalia slide ‘ Bruchidius / 02 02 97 I’ (CKWA); 5 spec., unsexed, ‘C. NEPAL, Bagmati / Nuwakot, 1900m / Pati, Bhanyang, 16-19.vi.1989 / leg. C. Holzschuh’ (NME). Description. Length: 2.0– 2.6 mm, width: 1.3–1.8 mm. Body stout and thick, last visible tergite vertical. Colour of integument black; antennomeres I–IV, front and mid legs including coxae yellowish-brown, hind legs varying from paler to darker reddish-brown, base of claws darkened, apex of antennomere XI and extreme apex of elytra testaceous. Vestiture moderately dense, not completely covering body, made of long and thin, greyish-white setae, uniformly on head, last visible tergite and complete ventral body, denser and covering body on scutellum, denser and silky setae on prescutellar bulge of pronotum; dark brownish markings on pronotum and elytra: transverse arrangement of two or four irregular spots in mid of pronotal length, and 3 large spots on elytra, first in basal part on interstriae 3–9, second subcircular in median part on interstriae (3) 4–9, third transverse at complete apex. Male. Head moderately elongated, eyes bulging, maximum head width about 1.5 times width behind eyes; eyes separated by 0.25 times head width including eyes; face short and narrow, with distance between posterior rim of eye and apex of clypeus / distance between eyes = 3.8; eye cleft to about 1/3 its diameter, width at bottom of sinus composed of about eight ommatidia; carina on frons faintly developed, less shiny, widened at base. Punctuation of face small and dense, vanishing on apical part of clypeus. Antenna (Fig. 1) long, reaching end of basal third of elytra; antennomeres elongate, I–IV cylindrical, V–X subserrate and faintly widened to apex, length of antennomeres: 1.7: 1.0: 1.4: 1.6: 2.0: 1.8: 1.8: 1.7: 1.7: 1.7: 2.9. Pronotum campaniform, greatest width at base (W/L = 1.4), with sides strongly bisinuate; disc mediolaterally faintly bulging, with small oblique impression on side of basal lobe; disc with dense punctuation, punctures of moderate size and regular. Elytra 1.13 times as long as their combined width, widest at end of basal third; sides parallel in mid third; scutellar area faintly depressed, base of striae 3–4 provided with scarcely visible protuberance with two minute teeth at their distance to elytral base twice as large as distance between teeth; striae on disc deep and sharp, with strong punctures; interstriae flat, with dense micropunctation and irregularly dispersed, coarse punctures. Hind femora incrassate, at their widest 2.1 times as wide as mid femora; mesoventral margin with preapical denticle of moderate size, ventrolateral margin faintly sinuate opposite denticle. Hind tibiae moderately arched in basal half, continuously widened from base to apex, 2.5 times wider at apex than width at base, with dorsomesal, ventral and lateroventral margins complete, lateral margin not reaching to base; apex of tibia with mucro longer than width of tarsomere I at base; lateral denticle wide and acute, about 1/3 mucro length; dorsally series composed of tree minute denticles. Tarsomere I ventrally provided with blunt denticle. Abdomen with ventrite V emarginate, medially turned out, its length medially long as ventrite IV; ventrite I basomedially without a particular arrangement of setae. Last visible tergite subtriangular, strongly arched, about 1.1 times as wide as long, with apex not turned under, briefly truncate. Genitalia. Median lobe (Fig. 2) strongly elongate (maximum width excluding basal hood / total length = 0.06), sides parallel, briefly narrowed before apex; basal hood of moderate size, oblong with sides subparallel, not emarginated; ventral valve subtriangular, produced apically as faintly recurved beak, basally moderately subconcave, in mid with pairy vertical row of each barely visible four setae; dorsal valve braced with strongly sclerotized, large ring; no hinge sclerites, but instead wall of internal sac bears two dense groups of long, acute and flattened bristles, longest ones emerging as fringe between ventral and dorsal valves; wall of internal sac with faintly sclerotized tubercles and hyaline scales; saccus lined with two lateral groups of sclerotized needles, and with an elongate, moderately sclerotized sclerite (Fig. 7) with two blunt teeth at apex; gonopore wide and circular, surrounded by minute hyaline needles; spiculum gastrale long, slender, Y-shaped. Basal strut (Fig. 3) with slim keel; lateral lobes cleft to about 1/3 their length; apex of parameres with seven small setae, modified with conical flap and internal projection. Female. Similar to male, antenna about 0.1 times shorter; pygidium subvertical and less arched; ventrite V about twice as long as IV. Genitalia (Fig. 4): vagina faintly sclerotized, bursa copulatrix with faintly sclerotized sclerite with acute apex and widened base, sclerite bearing along its apical side series of four teeth and on area of basal half group of about 20 minute teeth; ovipositor short, with moderately long and flattened spiculum gastrale; segment IX short and wide, longitudinal apodemes distinctly arched; spermathecal body ovoid, with apical diverticulum stout and faintly curved. Differential diagnosis. The size and shape of body as well as colour pattern are similar to B. japonicus, which is distributed from the southern Russian Far East to SE China and Japan (ANTON 2010). The new species differs markedly by the colour of antennomeres (V) VI–XI, which are always black, in vestiture with a line of greyish-white setae of the second elytral interstria not prolonged towards apex, and in male genitalic morphology: basal hood and basal strut slender, with median carina smaller; in addition, the shape and serration of the posterior sclerite in the saccus markedly differs from what may be observed in specimens of B. japonicus from Eastern China (Fig. 5) or Japan (Fig. 6). Host plants. Unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet (masculine) is a Latin adjective meaning ‘inhabiting Nepal’. Distribution. Nepal., Published as part of Anton, Klaus-Werner & Delobel, Alex, 2017, Three new Asian species of Bruchidius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), pp. 161-172 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 57 (1) on pages 163-165, DOI: 10.1515/aemnp-2017-0065, http://zenodo.org/record/5319091, {"references":["ANTON K. - W. 2010: Bruchinae. Pp. 339 - 353. In: LOBL I. & SMETANA A. (eds): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 6. Chrysomeloidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 924 pp."]}

Bruchidius planicornis sp. nov. (Figs 14–20, 23) Type locality. Iran, Fars province, Qualat, 29°48′13 ″N, 52°19′11 ″E, 2000–2150 m. a.s.l. Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♂ (dissected), ‘S-IRAN, Prov. Fars, vic. / Qualat, 2000-2150 m. / Bachtal (Trockenhang) 29.48.13N, 52.19.11E / 28.IV.10, leg. D. Frenzel’ (NME). PARATYPES: ♂, ‘ IRAN, 1200 m / Prov. Azerbaydjan, / 3 km S of Margan // 1998.IV.29 / leg.: Székely K.’ (HNHM); 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ ‘S-IRAN: Prov. Fars, vic. / Qalat village, 29°48’13’’N, / 52°19’11’’E, 2000-2150 m, / 28.IV.2010 / leg.A. Weigel #06” (NME, 1♂ MNHN); 2♀♀ (dissected) ‘ IRAN,Azerbaijan-e-Sharqi / Ghazenloo valley, 2.05. / leg.Y. Karimpour 2008’, genitalia slides ‘ Bruchidius / 08 09 16 II’, ‘ Bruchidius / 08.09.16 III’ (CKWA); 1 ♀ (dissected), ‘T [URKEY], Van Prov. 22.vi.2005 / coast nr Akdamar isl. / 1650 m, leg. K.W. Anton’, genitalia slide ‘ Bruchidius / 08 09 16 I’ (CKWA). Description. Length: 2.8–3.0 mm, width: 1.3–1.7 mm. Body oblong-oval; last visible tergite slanted about 50° from vertical. Integument colour mainly black, with several parts varying from yellowish-brown or reddish-brown to testaceous: antennomeres I–III (IV), with antennomere I dorsally and antennomeres II–III dorso-apically darkened, front leg at least with tarsomeres I–III, apical half of tibia and at apical quarter of femur, mid legs at least with tarsomere II and apical fifth of tibia; claws of legs always reddish-brown, whilst last tarsal segment always black. Vestiture moderately dense, not completely covering body, composed of long and moderately strong, homogeneous, pale olive-grey setae; distinctly denser and more or less whitish to pale yellowish setae at prescutellar area of pronotum, on scutellum and at basal mid of last visible tergite. Male. Head moderately elongated, eyes bulging, maximum head width about 1.3 times width behind eyes; eyes separated by 0.26 times head width including eyes; face short and narrow, with distance between posterior rim of eye and apex of clypeus / distance between eyes = 3.0; eye cleft to about 2/5 its diameter, width at bottom of sinus composed of about four ommatidia; carina on frons well developed, shining, ending posteriorly in a blunt tubercle. Punctuation of face small and dense, vanishing in apical third of clypeus. Antenna (Figs 14–15) long, reaching to beginning of apical half of elytra; antennomeres I–II cylindrical and oblong, III subserrate and oblong, IV–X serrate, becoming gradually enlarged, flattened and cup-shaped, XI subcircular and large, antennomeres IV–V about 1.1–1.2 times as long as wide, VI as wide as long, VII–X about 1.1–1.4 times as wide as long; length of antennomeres: 1.7: 1.0: 1.5: 2.0: 2.2: 2.5: 2.5: 2.6: 2.7: 2.5: 3.7. Pronotum campaniform, greatest width at base (W/L = 1.2), with sides bisinuate, posterior edges with faint oblique impression; disc with dense double punctuation of fine and coarse punctures. Elytra 1.25 times as long as their combined width, widest at end of basal quarter; sides sub-parallel; scutellar area not depressed; without teeth at base of striae 3–4; striae on disc narrow, with small punctures; interstriae wide and flat, with dense and fine punctuation. Hind femora not incrassate, at their widest 1.2 times as wide as mid femora; mesoventral margin with minute preapical denticle, ventrolateral margin scarcely sinuate opposite denticle. Hind tibiae straight, continuously widened from base to apex, twice wider at apex than width at base, with dorsomesal ventral and lateral margins complete, lateroventral margin barely visible and not reaching to apical half of tibia; apex of tibia with mucro short, its length half of width of tarsomere I at base; lateral denticle wide and acute, about twice mucro length; dorsally series of three short denticles. Tarsomere I ventrally with blunt denticle. Abdomen telescoped, with ventrite V faintly emarginate and medially not turned out, its length medially as long as ventrite IV; ventrite I basomedially without particular arrangement of denser setae. Last visible tergite oblong subtriangular, about 1.2 times as long as wide, apical third faintly arched, with apex neither turned under nor truncated. Genitalia. Median lobe (Fig. 17) oblong (maximum width excluding basal hood / total length = 0.25), sides parallel, briefly narrowed before apex, strongly widened apically; basal hood oblong with sides moderately convex, not emarginated apically; ventral valve large and subtriangular, with acute apical tip, basally moderately concave, laterobasally group of 8–10 setae; dorsal valve braced with moderately sclerotized, slim ring; no hinge sclerites, but instead the wall of internal sac bears pair of oblong groups of dense, long, acute flattened bristles, followed posteriorly by pair of strikingly sclerotized, irregular areas; saccus lined with two lateral rows of faintly sclerotized microtubercles, followed posteriorly by hyaline multified scales; gonopore wide and circular; spiculum gastrale (Fig. 18) short, stout, T-shaped. Basal strut (Fig. 19) with huge dorsal keel; lateral lobes cleft about 3/4 their length; apex of parameres with about 20 strong and long setae, modified with hyaline, conical flap and internal projection. Female. Similar to male, antenna (Fig. 16) 0.4 times shorter; last visible tergite flat and its apical third not arched; ventrite V about 1.5 times as long as IV. Genitalia (Fig. 20): apical rim of tergite VIII strongly bisinuated, bursa copulatrix with single flat dorsal sclerite bearing number of small teeth; spermathecal body dark brown, u-shaped, with crescentic diverticulum, its surface covered with wide, shallow wrinkles. Differential diagnosis. Habitus and genital morphology indicate a placement of this new species in the Bruchidius astragali species-group. Several Iranian species, a number of which remain undescribed, belong to that group of species. Several of them, including Bruchidius reitteri, B. richteri, B. spathopus, B. talyshensis, B. tragacanthae, B. virgatus, or B. varipes, show quite similar male genitalia, especially modified parameres, with two distinct apical lips. Bruchidius melanocerus, B. kaszabi, B. myobromae, B. tragacanthae or B. reitteri also possess a basal strut with strongly enlarged keel. However, such characteristics as strongly widened and flattened apical antennomeres in male, median lobe with pair of strikingly sclerotized areas at entrance to internal saccus are unique within the B. astragali species-group. Host plants. Unknown. Etymology. From Latin adjective planus (flat) and neuter noun cornu (horn, insect antenna). Distribution. Iran and Turkey., Published as part of Anton, Klaus-Werner & Delobel, Alex, 2017, Three new Asian species of Bruchidius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), pp. 161-172 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 57 (1) on pages 168-171, DOI: 10.1515/aemnp-2017-0065, http://zenodo.org/record/5319091

Bruchidius tricolor sp. nov. (Figs 8–13, 22) Type locality. Laos, Louangphrabang Province, 5 km W of Ban Song Cha, 20°33–34′N, 102°14′E, 1200 m a.s.l. Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♂ (dissected), ‘ LAOS, 1.-16.v.1999 / Louangphrabang pr. / 20°33-4’N 102°14’E / Ban Song Cha (5km W), / 1200 m, Vit. Kubán leg.’, genitalia slide ‘ Bruchidius / 26 09 99 I’ (NHMB). PARATYPES: 2 ♀♀, ‘NW THAILAND 1-8.v. / MAE HONG SON 1992 / BAN SI LANG 1200 m / J.HORAK LEG.’ (CKWA); 1 ♀, ‘NE INDIA: ASSAM; / 5km N of Umrongsor, 700 m; / 25°27’N 92°43’E; 21.v.1999 / Dembický & Pacholátko leg.’ (NHMB); 1 ♀. ‘ THAILAND, / Prov. Nan, / above Mae / Charim waterfall, // 6.xi.2004, / M. Földvári, / A. Orosz, L. Papp’; 1 ♀, same data but 7-8.xi; 1 ♀, THAILAND, / Prov. Nan, / Nam Mae Charim Road, 20 th km // secondary bamboo / forest, 6.xi.2004, / M. Földvári, / A. Orosz, L. Papp’ (HNHM). Additional material examined. ♂ (dissected), ‘ INDIA, U.P. 1978, W. Wittmer / Bhimtal 1.-15.5 / 1400-1500 m’, genitalia slide ‘ Bruchidius / 23.10.00V’ (CKWA). Description. Length: 1.6–1.8 mm, width: 1.1–1.2 mm. Body stout and thick, last visible tergite vertical. Integument colour reddish-brown; meso- and metathorax, abdominal ventrite I, hind femora excluding apex and elytra excluding apex black; tip of antennomere XI more or less darkened; antenna, front and mid legs yellowish- -brown. Vestiture moderately dense, not completely covering body, made by long and thin, homogeneously greyish setae on head, elytra, complete ventral body and rarely last visible tergite, distinctly denser setae completely covering body on scutellum; longer, homogeneously pale yellowish-brown setae on pronotum and often last visible tergite, denser and silky setae on prescutellar area of pronotum. Male. Head moderately elongated, eyes bulging, maximum head width about 1.5 times width behind eyes; eyes separated by 0.16 times head width including eyes; face short and narrow, with distance between posterior rim of eye and apex of clypeus / distance between eyes = 4.5; eye cleft to less than half of its diameter, width at bottom of sinus composed of about 7 ommatidia; carina on frons well developed, shining, ending basally in blunt tubercle. Punctuation of face fine and dense, vanishing to extreme apex of clypeus. Antenna (Fig. 8) long, reaching end of basal third of elytra; antennomeres oblong, I–IV cylindrical, V–X with parallel sides and scarcely subserrate, length of antennomeres: 1.8: 1.0: 1.2: 1.3: 1.5: 1.6: 1.6: 1.4: 1.3: 1.2: 2.0. Pronotum campaniform, greatest width at base (W/L = 1.3), with sides moderately bisinuate; disc mediolaterally faintly bulging, with small oblique impression on side of basal lobe; punctuation dense, punctures strong, irregular and ocellate on disc. Elytra 1.13 times as long as their combined width, widest at end of basal third; sides subparallel in mid third; scutellar area faintly depressed, scarcely visible protuberance with two small teeth at base of striae 3–4, their distance to elytral base scarcely larger than distance between teeth; striae on disc deep and sharp, with strong punctures; interstriae flat, with dense micropunctation and irregularly dispersed, coarse punctures. Hind femora incrassate, at their widest 2.4 times as wide as mid femora; mesoventral margin with strong, oblong preapical denticle, ventrolateral margin strongly sinuate opposite denticle. Hind tibiae continuously arched and widened from base to apex, 2.5 times wider at apex than width at base, with dorsomesal, ventral and lateroventral margins complete, lateral margin strong but not reaching to base; apex of tibia with mucro about twice longer than width of tarsomere I at base; lateral denticle slim and acute, about 1/3 mucro length; dorsally series of three minute denticles. Tarsomere I ventrally with blunt denticle. Abdomen with ventrite V emarginate, medially turned out, its length medially as long as ventrite IV; ventrite I basomedially without particular arrangement of denser setae. Last visible tergite subtriangular, regularly arched, about 1.1 times as long as wide at base, with apex not turned under, briefly truncated. Genitalia. Median lobe (Fig. 9) elongate (maximum width excluding basal hood / total length = 0.10), sides parallel, briefly narrowed before apex; basal hood of moderate size, subcircular, not emarginated; ventral valve subcircular, produced apically as thin and recurved beak, base convex, in mid with transverse and arched row of five setae; dorsal valve braced with strongly sclerotized, large ring; no hinge sclerites, but instead the wall of internal sac bears two dense groups of long and acute bristles, emerging as fringe between ventral and dorsal valves; wall of internal sac with hyaline scales; basal part of saccus lined with multifid scales, followed by sclerotized needles and one large, elongated, moderately sclerotized sclerite with about 18 teeth; gonopore wide and circular, surrounded by minute hyaline needles; spiculum gastrale long, slender, Y-shaped. Basal strut (Fig. 10) with barely visible trace of keel; lateral lobes cleft to about 2/3 their length; apex of parameres with 4–5 long setae, modified with conical flap and internal projection. Female. Similar to male, antenna about ¼ shorter; pygidium subvertical and less arched; ventrite V about twice as long as IV. Genitalia (Fig. 11): vagina membranous, bursa copulatrix with oblong, faintly sclerotized sclerite bearing lateral series of about nine teeth; ovipositor short, with moderately long and flattened spiculum gastrale; segment IX short and wide, longitudinal apodemes distinctly arched; spermathecal body oblong-ovoid, with apical diverticulum drawn out and evenly curved. Differential diagnosis. Habitus, size and genital morphology indicate that the new species is a member of the B. japonicus species-group. Its reddish-brown colour, yellowish-grey vestiture on pronotum and greyish-white elytral pattern are characteristic; a single male from Uttar Pradesh showing an elytral pattern similar to B. nepalensis, though less striking (on each elytron two large dark brown areas, one basal and one lateral, beyond middle) belongs to the same species but was excluded from the list of paratypes. The posterior sclerite of the saccus (Fig. 12) is comparatively smaller than in B. japonicus or B. nepalensis; the specimen from Uttar Pradesh differs from the holotype in a smaller number of teeth on the sclerite surface (Fig. 13). Host plants. Unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet (masculine) refers to the three colors observed in B. tricolor: black and reddish-brown of the integument, and greyish of the dorsal vestiture. Distribution. India, Laos, Thailand., Published as part of Anton, Klaus-Werner & Delobel, Alex, 2017, Three new Asian species of Bruchidius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), pp. 161-172 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 57 (1) on pages 165-168, DOI: 10.1515/aemnp-2017-0065, http://zenodo.org/record/5319091

Bruchidius pluridentatus sp. nov. (Figs 4–6) Type locality. Kenya, Taita-Taveta Co., Voi-Tsavo National Park. Type material. HOLOTYPE: J (dissected [01814]), ‘ S.E. KENYA / Voi (Tsavo) 23.3- 4.4.1997 / leg. M. Snizek // Holotype // Bruchidius pluridentatus n. sp. / Delobel des. 2015’ (OLML). Description. Length: 2.9 mm; width: 1.6 mm. Body moderately stout, last visible tergite slanted about 10° from vertical. Integument reddish brown to black, with four anterior legs and antennae testaceous; pronotum dark brown, elytra reddish brown, more or less darkened at humerus, on sides and near apex; underside mostly black, but upper side of sternites and last ventrite testaceous. Vestiture well covering integument, particularly long and dense on pronotum, made of three-colored setae: whitish along pronotal mid-line, on interstriae 3 and 5, on underside and last visible tergite; yellowish on face, on rest of pronotum and interstriae 1, 2, 4 and 6; brown to black on isolated spot before apex of interstria 3, on humerus, on three spots on lateral sides of elytra (in basal fourth, at mid-length and near apex); apex of elytra with isolated brown spots. Male. Head moderately elongated; eyes large, bulging, maximum head width 1.6 times width behind eyes; ocular sinus comparatively shallow; eyes separated by 0.29 times head width including eyes; face moderately wide, distance between posterior rim of eyes and apex of clypeus / distance between eyes = 2.46; eye moderately cleft, width at bottom of sinus composed of 6 ommatidia; post-ocular lobes narrow; front without carina, but with strong inter-ocular tubercle, shining; face with dense punctation, clypeus alutaceous. Antenna (Fig. 6) reaching elytral humerus; antennal segments I–III cylindrical, segment IV widened at apex, subtriangular, segment V–X strongly serrate, XI oval (L/W = 1.7). Length of antennomeres: 1.4: 1.0: 1.0: 1.9: 2.6: 2.7: 2.8: 2.7: 2.6: 2.5: 3.8. Pronotum trapezoidal, slightly campaniform, with maximum width at base (W/L = 1.2), its sides almost straight, not widened behind eyes; with shallow oblique impression on each side of basal lobe; disc strongly alutaceous, with dense punctation. Elytra 1.13 times longer than wide together, their sides widened in basal fourth, then almost parallel; disc slightly convex; two small teeth at base of striae 3 and 4, closer to each other than to elytron base; humeral callus moderately developed, alutaceous; striae narrow, interstriae flat, with dense micropunctation, possible alignment of larger punctures obscured by dense vestiture. Hind femur well incrassate, three times wider than median femur; mesoventral margin with small acute preapical denticle; ventral carina of hind tibia complete, lateral and dorsomesal not reaching base; apex with mucro slightly shorter than tarsomere I width, lateral denticle about one-third mucro length, wider but hardly longer than dorsal denticles. Abdomen with ventrite V strongly emarginated, medially almost entirely concealed under ventrite IV; ventrite I without particular arrangement of setae. Last visible tergite shield-shaped, 1.1 times longer than wide, with apex strongly turned under. Genitalia. Median lobe (Fig. 4) moderately elongated (maximum width excluding basal strut / total length = 0.155), widened apically; basal hood narrow, not notched posteriorly; ventral valve narrowly subtriangular, its apex acute, with a median group of 8 setae; hinge sclerites absent; proximal part of internal sac densely lined with hyaline lamellae, followed by a number of large sclerites: first an ovoid burr-like mass, then four large curved thorns; median part of the sac smooth, with 13 curved spines and four pointed rods; distal bulb densely lined with minute needles that are rear facing in anterior part, and forward facing in apical third. Basal strut narrow, subtriangular, with large dorsal keel; lateral lobes almost entirely divided (cleft to about 95% their length); apex of parameres slightly widened, with about 20 setae each (Fig. 5). Female. Unknown Differential diagnosis. The shape of the aedeagus is similar to that found in several members of the B. albosparsus species group. One of these, B. ishwaensis (Decelle, 1958) also shows small thorn-like sclerites in the internal sac, but it lacks the other types of sclerites (ovoid and rod-like). The peculiar ovoid burr-like sclerite is made up of numerous agglomerated teeth, quite distinct from other compound sclerites found in various members of the same species group, such as B. aurivillii (Blanc, 1889) and B. elnairensis (Pic, 1931). Rod- or hair-like sclerites of B. pluridentatus are similar to those found in B. glomeratus Delobel, 2015, but similar sclerites may also be found outside the B. albosparsus group, e.g., in some specimens of B. ituriensis (Decelle, 1958) and B. snizeki Delobel, Anton, Le Ru & Kergoat, 2013, which are both members of the Bruchidius ituriensis species group (DELOBEL et al. 2013). Host plants. Unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet (masculine adjective) pluridentatus (= more-teethed), refers to the different sizes and shapes of sclerites in the internal sac. Distribution. Kenya (Taita-Taveta County)., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, 2016, Three newBruchidius species from Eastern and Southern Africa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), pp. 265-273 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (1) on pages 268-270, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5304875, {"references":["DELOBEL A., ANTON K. - W., LE RU B. & KERGOAT G. J. 2013: Morphology, biology and phylogeny of African seed beetles belonging to the Bruchidius ituriensis species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Genus 24: 39 - 63."]}

Bruchidius nataensis sp. nov. (Figs 1–3) Type locality. Botswana, Central district, Nata. Type material. HOLOTYPE: J (dissected [01914]), ‘ BOTSWANA sep., / Nata / 9-14.i.1997 / leg. M. Snizek // Holotype // Bruchidius / nataensis / A. Delobel des. 2015’ (OLML). Description. Length: 2.8 mm; width: 1.7 mm. Body moderately stout, pygidium slanted 5–10° from vertical. Integument reddish brown, elytra lighter, sternites testaceous to brown; basal segments of antenna testaceous, VIII–X dark brown to black, XI reddish; four anterior legs testaceous, darkened basally, posterior legs reddish brown; last visible tergite testaceous. Vestiture mixture of white, yellowish and brown setae; thin and light on head; on pronotum, sides white, disc with dense, yellowish scales and a longitudinal stripe of whitish setae; elytra mostly yellowish, with anterior half of interstriae 3 whitish, interrupted by small brown dot; brown dots also near middle of interstriae 7 and 9, and at apex of interstriae 8 and 9; last visible tergite uniformly yellowish, except for white small basal triangle. Male. Head short, eyes strongly bulging, maximum head width about 1.5 times width behind eyes; eyes separated by 0.33 times head width including eyes; face wide, with distance between posterior rim of eyes and apex of clypeus / distance between eyes = 1.9; eye weakly cleft, width at bottom of sinus composed of eight ommatidia; frons with carina obsolete and large shining bulge posteriorly. Punctation of face small and dense, clypeus alutaceous, with rounded apex. Antenna (Fig. 3) short, not reaching beyond posterior angle of pronotum; antennal segments I–IV submoniliform, V widened apically, longer than wide, apically about as wide as long, and following segments eccentric, transverse, XI apically rounded, 1.3 times longer than wide. Length of antennomeres: 1.3: 1.0: 0.9: 0.9: 1.1: 1.0: 1.1: 1.1: 1.0: 1.0: 1.6. Pronotum trapezoidal, with sides straight, not expanded behind eyes, slightly wider at base than long (W/L = 1.12); oblique impression on sides of basal lobe very shallow; disc with deep ocellate, almost coalescent punctures. Elytra moderately elongated, 1.12 times longer than combined width, their sides convex, maximum width in basal third; disc convex, briefly flattened around scutellum; base of striae 3 and 4 with two comparatively large, obtuse teeth, closer to base of elytra than to each other. Striae on disc thin, diameter of punctures not larger than width of striae; interstriae with microsculpture and a few larger punctures. Hind femur moderately incrassate, 2.6 times wider than mid femur; mesoventral margin with small preapical denticle; hind tibiae apically moderately widened, with lateral, dorsomesal and ventral carinae complete; apex of tibia with mucro about half as long as width of tarsomere 1, lateral denticle about half mucro length, and dorsal denticles minute. Abdomen with ventrite V emarginate, medially half as long as laterally; basal angle of ventrite I with depressed area bearing short, appressed setae. Last visible tergite shield-shaped, only slightly longer than wide (L/W = 1.05), moderately convex in apical half. Genitalia. Median lobe (Fig. 1) elongated (maximum width excluding basal strut / total length = 0.11), not widened apically; basal hood narrow, not notched posteriorly; ventral valve wide, its apex obtuse, with two groups of five setae; hinge sclerites absent; internal sac almost entirely smooth, with only short scattered trichoid sensilla along median lobe sides, and some minute spines near middle; distal bulb smooth. Basal strut narrow, without dorsal keel; lateral lobes cleft to about 45% their length; apex of parameres not widened, each one bearing about 15 setae of various lengths (Fig. 2). Female. Unknown. Differential diagnosis. External morphology of the new species is similar to that of several Acacieae feeders, inside as well as outside the B. albosparsus species group (DELOBEL et al. 2015, DELOBEL & LE RU 2015). However, if we consider the peculiarities of aedeagus morphology (ventral valve shape in particular), B. nataensis seems related with two African species that do not belong to that group, and predate Dichrostachys cinerea (Wight & Arn.) seeds, namely B. mabwensis (Decelle, 1960) and B. securiger Delobel & Anton, 2003 (DELOBEL & ANTON 2003, DELOBEL 2010); both species however show larger and much more serrate antennae, and their internal sac is lined with numerous sclerites. It may be assumed that the new species belongs to a large clade of Bruchinae comprising the B. albosparsus and B. ituriensis species groups, as well as B. securiger, B. mabwensis and B. meibomiaca (DELOBEL et al. 2015). It is worth mentioning here that a similar ventral valve also exists in one Indian species with different external morphology, namely B. mendosus (Gyllenhal, 1839). Host plants. Unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet (masculine adjective) refers to the type locality, Nata town in central Botswana. Distribution. Botswana (Central District)., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, 2016, Three newBruchidius species from Eastern and Southern Africa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), pp. 265-273 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (1) on pages 266-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5304875, {"references":["DELOBEL A. & ANTON K. - W. 2003: Les Bruchidius consommateurs des graines de Dichrostachys et du genre allie Alantsilodendron en Afrique et a Madagascar. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 108: 313 - 322.","DELOBEL A. 2010: Bruchidius associated with the Mimosoid Dichrostachys cinerea in Africa, with the description of a new species. Genus 21: 53 - 59."]}

Delobel, Alex (2016): Three newBruchidius species from Eastern and Southern Africa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (1): 265-273, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5304875, {"references":["ANTON K.-W. & DELOBEL A. 2003:African species of the Bruchidius centromaculatus group with 'eyed' female pygidium (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Bruchinae). Genus 14: 159-190.","DELOBEL A. 2007: Description of previously reported but hitherto undescribed African Bruchidius (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Genus 18: 687-720.","DELOBEL A. 2010: Bruchidius associated with the Mimosoid Dichrostachys cinerea in Africa, with the description of a new species. Genus 21: 53-59.","DELOBEL A. &ANTON K.-W. 2003: Les Bruchidius consommateurs des graines de Dichrostachys et du genre allie Alantsilodendron en Afrique et a Madagascar. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 108: 313-322.","DELOBEL A. & LE RU B. 2009: On some poorly known species of South African seed beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Genus 20: 411-427.","DELOBEL A. & LE RU B: 2015: New Bruchidius species reared from Vachellia (Fabaceae:Mimosoideae:Acacieae) seeds from Eastern and Southern Africa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55: 261-272.","DELOBEL A., ANTON K.-W., LE RU B. & KERGOAT G. J. 2013: Morphology, biology and phylogeny of African seed beetles belonging to the Bruchidius ituriensis species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Genus 24: 39-63.","DELOBEL A., LE RU B., GENSON G., MUSYOKA B. K. & KERGOAT G. J. 2015: Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (Fahraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 3931: 451-482.","KINGSOLVER J. M. 1970: A study of male genitalia in Bruchidae (Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 72: 370-414.","NILSSON J.A. & JOHNSON C. D.1993:A taxonomic revision of the palm bruchids (Pachymerini) and a description of the world genera of Pachymerinae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 41: 1-104."]}

Bruchidius tanaensis (Pic) comb. nov. Bruchus tanaensis Pic, 1921 Material examined. Holotype (male) of Bruchus tanaensis: Kenya: " TYPE " [red], " type " [Pic's handwriting], " Tana River / B.E.A.", "G. Babault / juin 1915 " "Genit. ♂ / Br. Pic. 55 (not recovered)" " Bruchus tanaensis Pic " [unidentified handwriting], "Muséum Paris / Coll. M. Pic", " Bruchus / tanaensis Pic " [Decelle's handwriting]; this specimen lacks right elytron and hind femur [MNHN]. Allotype (female): Kenya: " Tana River / B.E.A.", "G. Babault / mai 1915 ", "Muséum Paris / 1930 / Coll. G. Babault", " TYPE " [red], Bruchus / tanaensis / n. sp." [Pic's handwriting], "Muséum Paris / Coll. M. Pic", " Bruchus / tanaensis Pic " [Decelle's handwriting] [MNHN]. Other material: Kenya: 4 ♂ 12 ♀, Kabarak, 00° 10 ’ 26 ’’S 35 ° 58 ’ 21 ’’E, 1910m, 18.vi. juin 2007, ex Vachellia seyal [1 ♂ 17207, specimen GK 104 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; 1 ♂ 5 ♀, Kapenguria, 01° 18 ’ 44 ’’S 35 ° 13 ’07’’E, 1894m, vii. 2002, ex V. hockii [♂ 0 4203, ♀ 0 2514, specimen GK 357 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; 2 ♂ 4 ♀, Machakos, 01° 13 ’ 13 ’’S 37 ° 26 ’ 24 ’’E, 1665m, 23.i. 2008, ex V. seyal [2 ♂ 0 8308, 0 2211, specimen GK 385 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; 4 ♂ 5 ♀, Masii, 01° 24 ’ 27 ’’S 37 ° 29 ’ 53 ’’E, 1319m, vi. 2002, ex V. hockii [1 ♂ 0 5503, specimen K 213 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; Oltepesi, 01° 32 ’ 30 ’’S 36 ° 33 ’07’’E, 1665m, v. 2002, ex V. nubica [specimen K 313 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP]; Rongai, 00° 11 ’ 56 ’’S 35 ° 50 ’06’’E, 2104m, ix. 2002, ex Senegalia mellifera mellifera [1 ♂ 14902] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD]. Republic of South Africa: 1 ♂, Natal, Weenen (2840 ft), viii–ix. 1823 [1 ♂ 06209] (H.P. Thomasset) [MNHN], 1 ♀, same data but i–ii. 1826, with label “ Bruchus spadiceus / J. Decelle det. 1965 ” (H.P. Thomasset) [MNHN]. A medium-sized (2.7–2.8 mm) species with body short and ovate, integument reddish-brown, antennae (except central segments), fore and middle legs yellowish red. A black spot on frons, antennal segments 7–10 brownishblack, apical segment usually markedly lighter than preceding ones, thoracic sternites partly black. On elytra, posterior 2 / 3 of 1 st and 2 nd interstriae darkened (sometimes dark area extended into an oval spot), humeral callus black. Last visible tergite reddish-brown with disc more or less blackened in females. Vestiture mainly white and yellowish, not completely covering integument, recumbent; on pronotum, a longitudinal strip opposite scutellum, reaching to 1 st third of pronotum length, two very small spots about middle of disc, and sides, white; scutellum white; on elytra, white linear spots on interstriae 3, 5, 7, 9, separated by strips of blackish setae. On remaining interstriae, vestiture mainly yellowish. A black spot on suture between basal third and apical fourth. Upper parts of thoracic sternites with dense white setation. Elytra with shallow protuberance bearing two small teeth at base of striae 3 and 4. Ventrite 1 with large basal circular area of thin, semi-erect setae. Female last visible tergite with disc black, slightly heart-shaped, about as long as wide, strongly convex medially in apical 2 / 3. Genitalia (Figs. 23–24). Median lobe moderately stout (w/l = 0.17); ventral valve subtriangular, moderately sclerotized, with acute tip, bearing numerous sensilla and on each side a row of 3 to 4 setae; hinge sclerites large, subrectangular to subtriangular, strongly sclerotized; internal sac proximally with a few sensilla, saccus densely lined with setae and spicules and a group of small translucent spines. Basal strut without keel. Lateral lobes cleft to about two thirds of their length; apex of parameres with numerous long setae. In female, vagina long and membranous, no sclerite at entrance of bursa copulatrix. Biology. Material from Kenya was reared from seeds of several species of Mimosoideae: Senegalia mellifera mellifera (Vahl) Seigler & Ebinger, V. hockii, V. nubica (Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr. and V. seyal. Discussion. The genitalia of the male holotype are presumed lost. The identity of types is assumed mainly on the basis of antennal color, with segments 7–10 markedly blackened as in specimens listed here, strongly sclerotized hinge sclerites, and saccus with moderately strong spines. Distribution. Democratic Republic of Congo (Decelle 1951, 1958), Kenya, and Republic of South Africa., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwenaëlle, Musyoka, Boaz K. & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (Fåhraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 3931 (4) on pages 472-473, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244566, {"references":["Pic, M. (1921) Insectes coleopteres. Rhipidocerides, helodides, malacodermes divers, dermestides, bruchides, monommides, heteromeres, hilophilides et anthicides. In: Babault, G. (Ed.), Voyage de M. Guy Babault dans l'Afrique Orientale Anglaise. Resultats scientifiques, Paris, pp. 1 - 32.","Decelle, J. (1951) Contribution a l'etude des Bruchidae du Congo Belge (Col. Phytophaga). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 45, 172 - 192.","Decelle, J. (1958) Contribution a l'etude des Bruchidae du Congo Belge (Deuxieme note). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 58, 75 - 84."]}

Bruchidius meridionalis Anton & Delobel, 2003 Bruchidius meridionalis Anton & Delobel, 2003: 174 Material examined. Kenya: 13 ♂, 18 ♀, Mogotio, 00��05��� 29 ������S 35 �� 56 ���06������E, 1686m, 18.vi. 2007, ex Vachellia gerrardii [1 ♂ 17397, specimen GK 112 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP]; other material as listed in Anton & Delobel (2003), including specimens from Angola, Burundi, Central African Republic, Republic of South Africa, Rwanda and Zambia. A small (1.8���2.7 mm), yellowish to reddish-brown species with darker and paler spots in elytral interstriae; elytra with double-toothed protuberance at base of interstriae 3���4; in male, a large pear-shaped area with short erect setae in basal angle of first ventrite; in female, last visible tergite with a pair of flat, unmargined, micropunctate foveae. Genitalia [see Figs. 19���23, p. 176 in Anton & Delobel 2003]: Median lobe moderately elongated (maximum width excluding basal hood/ total length = 0.14), basal hood little widened; ventral valve large, subtriangular, with two lateral groups of 3���5 setae each; no hinge sclerite; internal sac densely lined with thin spines of various sizes; its median area with two rows of 10���17 denticles having point as long as base; gonopore wide, sclerotized; tegminal strut narrow, with obsolete keel; lateral lobes cleft to about 4 / 5 their length; apex not modified, bearing 8���11 setae; in female, vagina long and membranous, a dorsal ovoid dentate sclerite at entrance of bursa copulatrix. Biology. Reared from seeds of Vachellia gerrardii, V. sieberiana and other unidentified Vachellia species. Discussion. Bruchidius meridionalis can be distinguished from the morphologically closely related B. centromaculatus by having a wider eye separation, protuberances always present at base of elytra, smaller teeth at base of elytral striae 2���4, shorter median lobe, lower number of denticles in internal sac, basal denticles as large as remaining ones, and smaller ratio of base to point of denticles. Distribution. Angola, Burundi, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Anton & Delobel 2003), Kenya, Republic of South Africa, Rwanda, and Zambia., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwena��lle, Musyoka, Boaz K. & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (F��hraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 3931 (4) on page 470, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244566, {"references":["Anton, K. - W. & Delobel, A. (2003) African species of the Bruchidius centromaculatus group with \" eyed \" female pygidium (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Bruchinae). Genus - International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy, 14, 159 - 190."]}

Bruchidius raddianae Anton & Delobel, 2003 Bruchidius sahelicus Decelle, 1979 (nomen nudum) Bruchidius raddianae Anton & Delobel, 2003: 178 Material examined. Egypt: 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Ras Mohamed, 25.iv. 2001, ex Vachellia tortilis raddiana [1 ♀ 02301] (G. F��di��re) [CBAD, CBGP]; 2 ♂, A��n Sukna, 15.vi. 2001, ex V. t. raddiana [2 ♂ 0 3701, 00503] (G. F��di��re) [CBAD]; 3 ♂, 3 ♀, Karhur Tall, 7.ii. 2003, ex V. ehrenbergiana [1 ♀ 02203] (G. F��di��re) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Assuan, 3.vii. 2002, ex V. tortilis (G. F��di��re) [CBAD]. Iran: 1 ♂, Bushehr, ex V. farnesiana [1 ♂ 0 0 611, specimen GK 335 used for DNA extraction] (L. Abbaszadeh) [CBGP]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Bushehr, 30.v. 2012, ex Hydnocarpus sp. [1 ♂ 05713] (N. Farrar) [CBAD]. Israel: 1 ♂, Negev, vi. 1996, ex V. t. raddiana [specimen Bd 11 used for DNA extraction] (D. Ward) [CBGP]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Wadi Bitaron, vi. 1998, ex V. t. raddiana (K. Or.) [CBAD]; 5 ♂, 5 ♀, Wadi Saif, vii. 1998, ex V. t. raddiana, (K. Or.) [CBAD]. Morocco: 1 ♀, Vall��e du Agdz, 24.v. 2003 (A. Jaeger) [CBAD]. Senegal: 4 ♂, 2 ♀, Khatali, 29.iv. 1995, ex V. t. raddiana [4 ♂ 11295, 12602, 12702, 12802, 2 ♀ 11695, 12695] (A. & H. Delobel) [CBAD]; Dahra, v. 1998, ex V. t. raddiana [2 ♀ 0 2700, 02800] (A. & H. Delobel) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Bok�� Namadi, 30.i. 1999, ex V. t. raddiana [specimen R 11 used for DNA extraction] (M. Semb��ne) [CBGP]. United Arab Republic: 1 ♂, Wadi Safad, 31.i.��� 21.ii. 2006, light trap [1 ♂ 05308] (A. Van Harten) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Wadi Maidaq, 21.xii. 2005 ��� 2.iii. 2006, light trap (A. Van Harten) [CBAD]; 2 ♀, same data, 14���25.i. 2006 (A. Van Harten) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Al-Ajban, 22.x.��� 9.xi. 2005, Malaise trap (A. Van Harten) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 27.v.��� 26.vi. 2006, light trap (A. Van Harten) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Khor-Al-Kwair, 24.iv.��� 2.v. 2007, light trap (A. Van Harten) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, Hatta, 4.��� 11.iv. 2006, light trap (A. Van Harten) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, Mahafiz, 19���26.iv. 2006, water trap (A. Van Harten) [CBAD]. Other material as listed in Anton & Delobel (2003), including specimens from Algeria, Burkina- Faso, India, Jordan, Lybia, Mali, Niger, Oman, Sri Lanka, Sudan and Tunisia. A small to medium-sized (1.4���2.7 mm) species, from light yellowish to checkered with blackish and whitish spots, elytra with double-toothed protuberance at base of striae 3���4, and a sharp isolated tooth at stria 2. Other distinctive morphological traits: in male, a large circular spot of short erect setae in basal angle of first ventrite; last visible tergite of female with pair of small foveae with shiny margin. Genitalia [see Figs. 25���28, p. 189 in Anton & Delobel 2003]: Internal sac entirely lined with small broad or slim based spines, and 3���6 large denticles with base as long as point; lateral lobes separated to about 80 % their length; tegminal strut with very small carina. In female, vagina long, no dorsal sclerite at entrance of bursa copulatrix. Biology. Reared from seeds of Vachellia farnesiana, V. flava, V. gerrardii negevensis (Zohary) Ragup. et al., V. hockii, V. nilotica tomentosa, V. seyal, V. tortilis, V. tortilis raddiana, and an unidentified species of Hydnocarpus (Achariaceae). Dichrostachys cinerea, Senegalia senegal and V. sieberiana are other possible hosts. Distribution. Algeria, Burkina Faso, Egypt, India, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen (Anton & Delobel 2003)., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwena��lle, Musyoka, Boaz K. & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (F��hraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 3931 (4) on pages 470-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244566, {"references":["Anton, K. - W. & Delobel, A. (2003) African species of the Bruchidius centromaculatus group with \" eyed \" female pygidium (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Bruchinae). Genus - International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy, 14, 159 - 190.","Decelle, J. (1979) Insects of Saudi Arabia. Coleoptera: Fam. Bruchidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 1, 318 - 330."]}

Bruchidius ishwaensis (Decelle, 1958) Bruchus ishwaensis Decelle, 1958: 82 Bruchidius ishwaensis (Decelle): Decelle, 1979: 82 Material examined: Holotype (male) of Bruchus ishwaensis: Democratic Republic of Congo: ��� Holotypus ���, ���Genit ♂ / Br. 57 ���, ���Coll. Mus. Congo / Pl. d'Ischwa (Mahagi) / iii- 1942 / J. Vrydagh���, ��� Bruchus / ishwaensis n. sp. / det. J. Decelle 1958 ��� [MRAC]. Other material: Kenya: 9 ♂, 7 ♀, Garissa, 00�� 28 ��� 39 ������S 39 �� 33 ���00������E, 292m, i. 2002, ex Vachellia etbaica [1 ♂ 04903] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, same data, ex V. reficiens [1 ♂ 0 2102, 1♀ 0 2202, specimen Ki 11 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; 16 ♂, 14 ♀, same data, ex V. zanzibarica [♂ 0 4602, 04702] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; 3 ♂, 2 ♀, Baringo, 00�� 35 ��� 10 ������N 36 ��00��� 55 ������E, 1084m, 18.vi. 2007, ex V. reficiens (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; 1 ♂, Kabarak, 00�� 10 ��� 26 ������S 35 �� 58 ��� 21 ������E, 1910m, 18.vi. 2007, ex V. seyal (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Voi (Tsavo), 11.iv.��� 14.iv. 1997 (M. Halada) [OLML]; 4 ♂, Voi (Tsavo), 23.iii. ��� 4.iv. 1997, (M. Snizek) [OLML]; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, same data, (M. Halada) [OLML]; 1 ♂, Voi (Tsavo), 8 ��� 18.vi. 1996, (M. Snizek) [OLML]; 1 ♂, Tsavo W., Kitani Lodge, v. 2002 (A. Vojnits) [HNHM]. A small to medium-sized (1.4���2.5 mm) brown and reddish species, with white, yellow and brown setation; antennae usually testaceous in male, or with median segments more or less darkened; female usually with antennal segments 6 (7, 8)��� 10 blackened, shorter and less eccentric than in male; on pronotum, basal lobes, median line and two lateral spots white, narrow apical stripe and postero-lateral impressions yellow; on elytra, dark specimens with brown heart-shaped sutural spot, absent in lighter specimens; usually 4 lines of brown spots: at base, first fourth (interstriae 3, 7, 9), middle (interstriae 5, 7, 8, 9), and apex almost entirely. Other distinctive morphological traits: antenna strongly serrate and eccentric in male, shorter and less eccentric in female; mucro of posterior tibia strong and elongated; absence of particular arrangement of setae on first ventrite in male, in female last visible tergite without impression or foveae. Genitalia (Figs. 20���21). Median lobe elongated, slender (w/l = 0.10���0.12), basal lobe small and circular, ventral valve narrow, acutely triangular; internal sac with 3 series of sclerites: a large, elongated, roof-like, dented sclerite, with blunt apex, followed by four globular and dentate sclerites (anterior pair with 2 to 4 teeth, posterior pair usually with single tooth), then a group of 1 to 4 slender spines; tegminal strut with large carina, parameres narrow and elongated, cleft to about 84 % their length. In female, vagina short, without dorsal sclerite, spermathecal body pear-shaped (Fig. 22). Biology. Examined material reared from seeds of Vachellia etbaica, V. reficiens (Wawra) Kyal. & Boatwr., V. seyal and V. zanzibarica (S. Moore) Kyal. & Boatwr. Also reared from seeds of Vachellia drepanolobium (Harms ex Y. Sj��stedt) P.J.H. Hurter (as Acacia lathouwersi) in the Democratic Republic of Congo by Decelle (1958), together with B. basilewskyi. Discussion. Very closely related with B. saudicus Decelle from Saudi Arabia and Yemen (Anton 2010); the two species differ in the shape of the large sclerite of the median lobe, and in the number of smaller sclerites, but both characters are highly variable in B. ishwaensis; antennae are also shorter and stouter in B. ishwaensis. Differs from B. aurivillii in its longer and more serrate antenna. Distribution. Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, and Somalia (Decelle 1979)., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwena��lle, Musyoka, Boaz K. & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (F��hraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 3931 (4) on pages 468-470, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244566, {"references":["Decelle, J. (1958) Contribution a l'etude des Bruchidae du Congo Belge (Deuxieme note). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 58, 75 - 84.","Decelle, J. (1979) Insects of Saudi Arabia. Coleoptera: Fam. Bruchidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 1, 318 - 330.","Anton, K. - W. (2010) Bruchinae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 6. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 339 - 353."]}

Bruchidius elnairensis (Pic, 1931) Bruchus elnairensis Pic, 1931: 35 Bruchidius voltaicus Decelle, nomen nudum: Nongonierma, 1978, Varaigne-Labeyrie & Labeyrie, 1981 Bruchidius acaciaephilus Anton, 2000: 246 (synonymy in Anton & Delobel, 2003: 171) Material examined. Kenya: 13 ♂, 12 ♀, Kabarnet, 00° 28 ’ 14 ’’, 35 ° 51 ’07’’E, 1365m, 18.vi. 2007, ii. 2003, ex Vachellia dolichocephala [2 ♂ 0 1614, 0 1714, specimen E 11 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; other material as listed in Anton & Delobel (2003), including specimens from Burkina-Faso, Ghana, Saudi Arabia and Sudan. A medium-sized (2.0– 2.5 mm) species, with brown red integument and darkened areas; basal antennal segments and legs yellowish, apical antennal segments red-brown. Vestiture dense, with denser yellowish to white setae: sides of pronotum, meso- and metasternites, a small triangle at base of last visible tergite; pronotal disc with ill-defined median longitudinal yellowish-whitish band, sometimes with small white spot on each side of it; elytra often with oblong yellowish, whitish and brownish marks, with two irregular transverse whitish bands and striking longitudinal whitish mark in middle of interval 3, sometimes elytra predominantly yellowish with indistinct paler spots; last visible tergite whitish with two basal yellowish spots. Ventrite 1 with small baso-central patch of semierect thin setae. In female, last visible tergite with pair of deep foveae with shiny margin and setous central area. Genitalia (Figs. 5–6). Median lobe of moderate length (w/l = 0.13); ventral valve subtriangular, with semicircular row of about eight setae in basal half and acute apical tip; internal sac with subapical median longitudinal agglomeration of about twelve large blunt denticles, at mid part with paired oblique, apically combined agglomerations of eight moderate, sharp denticles each, basally followed by paired oval agglomerations of about 20 small needles each (Fig. 5). Lateral lobes simple, cleft to half their length, with about eight setae at apex; tegminal strut moderate, with short median carina. In female, vagina long and membranous, without dorsal sclerite. Biology. Examined material reared from Vachellia dolichocephala (Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr. Also recorded from seeds of V. amythethophylla (Steud. ex A. Rich.) Kyal. & Boatwr., V. hockii (De Wild.) Seigler & Ebinger, V. flava (Forssk.) Kyal. & Boatwr., V. gerrardii, V. s e ya l and V. seyal var. fistula (Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr. Discussion. Bruchidius elnairensis is distinguished from the closely related B. aurivillii by having vestiture predominantly yellowish, last visible tergite broader, paired foveae near apex of female last visible tergite, paired and only apically combined agglomerations of denticles in mid part of internal sac, larger paired agglomeration of higher number of needles in basal part of internal sac, lateral lobes slimmer and less separated. Distribution. Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Senegal (Anton & Delobel 2003), and Sudan (Pic 1931). Bruchidius eminingensis Delobel, sp. nov. Material examined. Holotype (male) of Bruchidius eminingensis: Kenya: “ Kenya, Emining / Acacia seyal seyal / S 00° 17 ’ 52 ’’ E 35 ° 55 ’ 17 ’’, 1384m, / 18 juin 2007 / B. LeRu coll.” “genitalia: lame Delobel 17607 ” “ Bruchidius eminingensis n.sp., Delobel des., 2014 ”[MNHN]. Paratypes: 3 ♂ 5 ♀, same data as holotype [1 ♀, 17507, specimen GK 101 used for DNA extraction] [CBGP]. Other material. Kenya: 3 ♂, Machakos, S 01° 50 ’09’’ E 37 ° 26 ’ 24 ’’, 1665m, 23.i. 2008, ex Vachellia seyal [3 ♂ 0 8108, 0 8408, 11208] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]. Description. Length (pronotum-last visible tergite): 2.2–2.4 mm; width: 1.0– 1.1 mm. Body oval, stout, about half as deep as long, last visible tergite slanted about 10 ° from vertical, slightly turned under in apical one-fourth. Body yellowish brown to reddish brown, underside and face black; antenna and four anterior legs light testaceous, posterior legs somewhat darker, last tarsal segments black; disc of last visible tergite more or less blackened. Vestiture dense but not completely hiding integument, made of slightly scaly white, yellowish and brown setae; pronotum disc mainly brown, with large white prescutellar spot, scutellum white; elytra mainly yellowish, in holotype with brown oval spot between basal and apical thirds of elytral suture and interstriae 1–3, absent in light specimens; small dark spots in basal fourth of interstria 3, in interstriae 7 and 9, at apex of intervals 2, 4– 5, and 7–9; last visible tergite densely and almost uniformly whitish. Male. Head short, eyes widely separated, bulging, maximum head width 1.46 times width behind eyes; eyes separated by 0.32 times head width including eyes; face wide, distance between posterior rim of eyes and apex of clypeus / minimum distance between eyes = 2.2; width at bottom of sinus composed of 5–6 ommatidia; interocular carina blunt, ending basally in a bare tubercle. Antenna measuring one-fourth body length; segments 1–4 moniliform, 5 wider than long, following ones transverse, moderately eccentric, 11 rounded apically (l/w = 1.1); length of antennomeres: 1.1; 1.0; 1.1; 0.7; 0.8; 0.9; 1.0; 0.9; 1.0; 1.1; 1.8. Pronotum subcampaniform, wider at base than long (w/l = 1.3) its sides slightly convex medially; disc with small, dense punctures. Elytra oval, regularly widened beyond humerus, widest before middle, 1.1 times longer than combined width; two strong teeth at base of interstria 4; striae thin and sharp, interstriae flat, shining. Hind femur incrassated, 1.8 times wider than mid femur, mesoventral margin without preapical tooth; hind tibia strongly widened apically, with mucro two thirds width of first tarsomere; lateral denticle about half mucro length, and dorsal denticles about half the latter. Abdomen with ventrite 5 moderately emarginated, ventrite 4 shorter medially than laterally, base of ventrite 1 with a large circular impression bearing short, dense setae; last visible abdominal tergite shield-shaped, only slightly longer than wide (l/w = 1.04). Genitalia (Figs. 7–8): Median lobe stout (maximum width excluding basal hood/ total length = 0.17), ventral valve subtriangular, moderately sclerotized, with rounded tip, bearing on each side 2–4 setae; basal one-fourth of internal sac densely lined with round denticles, middle of sac smooth, apical part with large dorsal pouch densely lined with short and elongated spines. Basal strut elongated, subtriangular, without keel, lateral lobes as long as basal strut, cleft to 65 % their length; apex of parameres with eight long setae. Female similar to male, last visible tergite reddish with disc black, regularly convex, setation yellowish, denser on basal and apical triangles, also along more or less distinct mid-line; spermatheca comma-shaped, with smooth surface, without visible vaginal sclerite. Biology. Both series were reared from Vachellia seyal seeds. Discussion. Bruchidius eminingensis is most similar to B. nongoniermai Delobel, from which it is separated on the basis of details of aedeagus shape and ornamentation: B. nongoniermai (Figs. 9–10) has a more slender median lobe, with saccus devoid of translucent tubercles in anterior part, but completely lined with minute needles. It can be further distinguished by body color and ecology: B. nongoniermai is a light yellowish species that feeds in Vachellia kirkii (Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr. seeds. This species of acacia is restricted to the sahelian zone (Chad, Mali, Sudan) (Delobel 2007). Several undescribed species with similar external morphology exist in the Southeastern part of Africa; they cannot be distinguished from one another without a careful examination of genital morphology. Etymology. Named after the locus typicus, the town of Emining in Kenya. Distribution. Kenya. Bruchidius gerrardiicola Delobel, sp. nov. Material examined. Holotype (male) of Bruchidius gerrardiicola: Kenya: “ Kenya, Gilgil / Acacia gerrardii 2036m / S 00° 23 ’ 45 ’’ E 36 ° 18 ’ 45 ’’ / 29 octobre 2007 / B. LeRu coll.” “genitalia: lame Delobel 06508” “ Bruchidius gerrardiicola sp. nov., Delobel des, 2014 ” [MNHN]. Paratypes: 10 ♂ 10 ♀, same data as holotype, [1 ♀, 0 7108, specimen GK 881 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP]. Other material: Kenya: 2 ♂ 4 ♀, Emining, S 00° 17 ’ 52 ’’ E 35 ° 55 ’ 17 ’’, 1384m, 18.vi; 2007, ex Vachellia seyal [2 ♂, 17007, 17407, specimen GK 100 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]; 1 ♂, SE Kenya, Voi (Tsavo), 11.iv.– 14.iv. 1997 (M. Halada) [OLML]; 1 ♂, same data but 23.iii.– 4.iv. 1997 (M. Halada) [OLML]. Length (pronotum-last visible tergite): 2.2–2.4 mm; width: 1.3–1.4 mm. Body oval, stout, about half as deep as long, last visible tergite slanted about 20 ° from vertical, humped and turned under in apical one-fourth. Body dark brown, lighter on elytral disc and apex; basal five to seven antennal segments and four anterior legs testaceous, posterior legs reddish-brown with extreme base blackened; last antennal segment black or reddish brown, last tarsal segments black. Vestiture dense but not completely hiding integument, made of slightly scaly white, yellowish and black setae; pronotum disc variegated, with dark and white areas, and a median longitudinal white line; a black oval spot between basal third and apical fourth of elytral suture, on interstriae 1–3; interstriae 4, 6, 8 yellowish, 3, 5, 7, 9 with alternating white and dark spots; a wide strand of dense white setation along side, from behind eye to upper part of ventrites; last visible tergite whitish, with denser setation along midline, especially at base. Male. Head short, eyes widely separated, bulging, maximum head width about 1.44 times width behind eyes; eyes separated by 0.32 times head width including eyes; face wide, distance between posterior rim of eyes and apex of clypeus / minimum distance between eyes = 2.2; width at bottom of sinus composed of 6–7 ommatidia; interocular carina well defined, disc of clypeus with large, isolated punctures. Antenna measuring one-third body length; segments 1–4 moniliform, 5 as wide as long, following ones transverse, moderately eccentric, 11 rounded apically (l/w = 1.2); length of antennomeres: 2.3; 1.0; 1.4; 1.6; 1.8; 1.6; 1.7; 1.6; 1.6; 1.8; 2.8. Pronotum subcampaniform, wider at base than long (w/l = 1.4) its sides slightly convex medially; disc with small, dense punctures. Elytra oval, regularly widened beyond humerus, widest near middle, about as long as combined width; two small teeth at base of striae 3 and 4; odd interstriae distinctly wider than even interstriae, striae thin and sharp, interstriae flat, shining. Hind femur incrassated, 2.4 times wider than mid femur, mesoventral margin with minute preapical tooth; hind tibia strongly widened apically, with mucro as long as width of first tarsomere; lateral denticle about half mucro length, and dorsal denticles about half the latter. Abdomen with ventrite 5 slightly emarginated, ventrite 4 about as long medially as laterally, ventrite 1 with a round spot of thin white erect setae at base; last visible abdominal tergite subcircular, only slightly longer than wide (l/w = 1.06), disc with large, partly coalescent punctures. Genitalia (Figs. 11–12). Median lobe moderately stout (maximum width excluding basal hood/ total length = 0.15), ventral valve ogival, well sclerotized, with acute tip, bearing on each side 3–4 setae; basal one-fourth of internal sac smooth, middle of sac with two rows of more than 20 closely packed, slender, thorn-like sclerites and two lateral groups of 3–4 spines, apical part of sac with a small batch of minute translucent granulation. Basal strut without keel, lateral lobes slightly shorter than basal strut, cleft about three-fourths their length; apex of parameres with seven long setae. Biology. Larvae were reared from seeds of two Vachellia species: V. gerrardii and V. seyal. Discussion. Bruchidius gerrardiicola is most similar to B. glomeratus n. sp., from which it is separated on the basis of aedeagus ornamentation: in addition to the median strand of densely packed spines, B glomeratus shows a few slender spines in distal position; these additional spines are also present here, but are more numerous and in medial position. The saccus of B. gerrardiicola also lacks the sclerotized plates present in B. glomeratus. In females, the last visible tergite is less markedly bulging than in B. glomeratus. Etymology. From the name of one of the identified host plant, Vachellia gerrardii. Distribution. Kenya. Bruchidius glomeratus Delobel, sp. nov. Bruchidius sp. KE05: Kergoat et al., 2005, 2007, 2008 Material examined. Holotype (male) of Bruchidius glomeratus: Kenya: “ Kenya, Kangonoi / 1 °06’ 20 ’’S 37 ° 41 ’ 51 ’’E, 1850m / i. 2002, ex graines Acacia etbaica / B. Le Ru coll.“, “ Bruchidius glomeratus sp. nov. / A. Delobel des. 2014 ”, “ Holotype ”. Paratypes, 3 ♂, 8 ♀, same data as holotype [1 ♂, slide 0 2502, two females dissected, genitalia in glycerin, specimen Kc 11 used for DNA extraction] [CBGP, MNHN]. Description. Length (pronotum-last visible tergite): 2.1–2.2 mm; width: 1.3 mm. Body stout, last visible tergite slanted about 10 ° from vertical, humped and turned under in apical one-fourth. Body reddish-brown, except center of sternites and claws, darker; antennal base and four anterior legs testaceous, posterior legs reddish-brown; antennae progressively blackened from segment 5 or 6, segment 11 lighter than preceding ones. Vestiture not completely hiding integument, made of short and thin, dull white setae, almost uniform, except for large dark rhomboid spot along posterior part of elytral suture and interstriae 2–3; additional more or less inconspicuous brownish spots at basal fourth of interstria 3 and middle of interstriae 9–10; a wide strand of dense white setation along side, from behind eye to upper part of ventrites; last visible tergite whitish, with denser setation along midline, especially at base. Male. Head short, eyes widely separated, bulging, maximum head width about 1.36 times width behind eyes; eyes separated by 0.29 times head width including eyes; face wide, distance between posterior rim of eyes and apex of clypeus / minimum distance between eyes = 2.1; width at bottom of sinus composed of 6–7 ommatidia; no interocular carina, but a small shining bulge. Antenna about one fourth body length; segments 1–4 moniliform, 5 as wide as long, following ones transverse, almost symmetrical, 11 rounded apically (l/w = 1.0); length of antennomeres: 1.4; 1.0; 0.9; 0.9; 1.1; 1.0; 1.0; 1.0; 1.0; 1.1; 1.6. Pronotum subcampaniform, wider at base than long (w/l = 1.3) its sides slightly convex medially; disc with small, dense punctures. Elytra not wider at base than pronotum, but regularly widened beyond humerus, widest near middle, 1.1 times longer than combined width; two small teeth at base of interstria 4; striae on disc thin and sharp, interstriae flat, shining. Hind femora moderately incrassated, mesoventral margin with minute preapical tooth; hind tibia strongly widened apically, with mucro shorter than width of first tarsomere; lateral denticle about 2 / 3 mucro length, and dorsal denticles about half the latter. Abdomen with ventrite 5 deeply emarginated, ventrite 4 very short medially, ventrite 1 with a small round spot of erect setae at basal 0.4 of segment; last visible abdominal subcircular, only slightly longer than wide, disc with large, partly coalescent punctures. Genitalia (Figs. 13–14). Median lobe moderately stout (maximum width excluding basal hood/ total length = 0.14), ventral valve ogival, moderately sclerotized, with acute tip, bearing on each side 4 setae; basal one-fourth of internal sac smooth, middle of sac with two rows of about 17 closely packed, slender, thorn-like sclerites, saccus with four slender spines and a pair of lightly sclerotized structures. Basal strut elongated, slender, with inconspicuous keel, lateral lobes shorter than basal strut, cleft to about three-fourths their length; apex of parameres with four long setae and three shorter ones. Female. Similar to male, but antennae shorter, last visible tergite not turned under, reddish brown, with sharp apical bulge surrounded by black, flattened circular area, base of tergite with white triangle; sternite 5 about twice longer than sternite 4. Biology. Larvae were reared from seeds of Vachellia etbaica (Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr., an East-African species restricted to Somali-Masai woodland (ILDIS, 2014). Discussion. Bruchidius glomeratus is morphologically most similar to B. basilewskyi (Decelle) and B. gerrardiicola n. sp. In B. basilewskyi, the pronotum is more transverse and strongly bulging laterally, its posterior legs are almost entirely black, as is its last visible tergite; the arrangement of large spines in the internal sac (Fig. 15) is quite similar with that of B. glomeratus (Fig. 13), but it lacks the four additional elongated spines in the posterior area. Bruchidius glomeratus can be also separated from B. gerrardiicola by the shape of the black elytral spot (rhomboid in B. glomeratus, subcircular in B. gerrardiicola). It has also close morphological affinities with B. grandemaculatus (Pic), a usually larger species with body colour darker and antenna light brown. Male genitalia of the three species show a very close relationship, with an arrangement of spines that is also met in species with “eyed” female last visible tergite (Anton & Delobel, 2003), particularly in B. elnairensis; male genitalia in B. grandemaculatus are of a quite different type. In female, last visible tergite is less bulging than in B. grandemaculatus, but more than in B. gerrardiicola. Etymology. Past participle (masculine) of Latin verb glomerare, “to group”, referring to the dense longitudinal grouping of spines in the median part of the internal sac. Distribution. Kenya., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwenaëlle, Musyoka, Boaz K. & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (Fåhraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 3931 (4) on pages 460-465, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244566, {"references":["Pic, M. (1931) Nouveautes diverses. Melanges Exotico-Entomologiques, 58, 34 - 36.","Nongonierma, A. (1978) Contribution a l'etude biosystematique du genre Acacia Miller en Afrique occidentale. These de Doctorat d'Etat, mention Sciences, Universite Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, 451 pp.","Varaigne-Labeyrie, C. & Labeyrie, V. (1981) First data on Bruchidae which attack the pods of legumes in Upper Volta of which eight species are man consumed. Series Entomologica, 19, 83 - 96.","Anton, K. - W. (2000) Descriptions of four new species of the genus Bruchidius Schilsky, 1905 (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) from the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 18, 245 - 252.","Anton, K. - W. & Delobel, A. (2003) African species of the Bruchidius centromaculatus group with \" eyed \" female pygidium (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Bruchinae). Genus - International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy, 14, 159 - 190.","Delobel, A. (2007) Description of previously reported but hitherto undescribed African Bruchidius (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Genus - International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy, 18, 687 - 720.","ILDIS (2014) International Legume Database and Information Service. Legume Web. Available from: http: // www. ildis. org (accessed 18 February 2015)"]}

Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwenaëlle, Musyoka, Boaz K., Kergoat, Gael J. (2015): Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (Fåhraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 3931 (4): 451-482, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1

Bruchidius aurivillii (Blanc, 1889) Bruchus mimus Gyllenhal, 1833: 43 (preoccupied) Mylabris aurivillii Blanc, 1889: 42 Bruchidius aurivillii (Blanc): Schilsky, 1905: 36 Bruchus senegalensis Pic, 1912: Anton, 2010: 341 Material examined. Type (male) of Mylabris aurivillii: Tunisia: ���Bled Thala / ex Acacia tortilis (Bonnet) / ��clos en aout���, ��� Type ���, ���M. / aurivillii / E. Blanc / types ��� ���Museum Paris / 1922 / Coll. L. Bedel���, ��� lectotype / J. Decelle des., 1972 ���; paratypes: 2 ♂, 6 ♀, same data as lectotype [MNHN]. Other material: Kenya: 5 ♂, 2 ♀, Nguruman, 01�� 45 ��� 50 ������S, 36 �� 3 ��� 59 ������E, 712m, vi. 2002, ex Vachellia tortilis spirocarpa [2 ♂ 11202, 14802, specimen Sp 11 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; 2 ♂, 5 ♀, Magadi, 01�� 52 ��� 25 ������S, 36 �� 18 ��� 20 ������E, 666m, 19.i. 2013, ex V. t. raddiana (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; 1 ♂, Marigat, 00�� 25 ��� 56 ������N, 35 �� 57 ��� 42 ������E, 1152m, 17.v. 2007, ex V. tortilis, [specimen GK 95 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP]. Senegal: 1 ♂, Fleuve, Bok�� Namadi, 30.i. 1999, ex. V. tortilis [specimen Ac 11 used for DNA extraction] (M. Semb��ne) [CBGP]; 1 ♂, 5 ♀, Khatali (between Dara and D��ali), 29.iv. 1995, ex V. t. raddiana [1 ♂ 11595, 3♀ 12895, 12995, 13095] (H. & A. Delobel) [CBAD]; 4 ♂, 1 ♀, Ndiengue Diaw, 16.iii. 1996, ex V. t. raddiana (H. & A. Delobel) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, 3 ♀, 21 km N. D��ali, 25.iii. 1995, ex V. t. raddiana (H. & A. Delobel) [CBAD]; 3 ♂, Rao, 20.v. 1995, ex V. t. raddiana [3 ♂ 10995, 11095, 11195] (H. & A. Delobel) [CBAD]; Lamsar, 16.iii. 1999, ex V. t. raddiana (M.T. Gueye) [CBAD, CBGP]. A medium-sized (2.1 ���3.0 mm) species with yellowish to reddish brown integument and various darker areas, antennae and 4 anterior legs light testaceous, posterior legs slightly darker. Vestiture generally pale, with more or less extended brown patches: pronotum mostly brown, with median longitudinal line and basal lobes, white or yellowish; usually elytra with three irregular transversal rows of dots and apex, often more or less extended circular or rhomboid sutural spot, brown; last visible tergite light coloured, with base and median line more densely setose, and often a brown elongated spot on each side. Other major morphological traits are as follows: two minute teeth at base of striae 3 and 4; last visible tergite of female moderately bulging in apical one-third, without foveae; base of ventrite 1 of male with large patch of short yellowish erect setae. Genitalia (Figs. 3���4): median lobe short, stout (w/l = 0.20), apically widened, dorsal valve braced by strongly sclerotized ring, ventral valve acutely subtriangular, with two groups of 5 setae, internal sac lined with transparent tubercles, in proximal part a short dentate sclerite that lays in dorsal position when evaginated, followed by a long sclerite composed of 15���20 fused teeth, and a pair of short lateral teeth; apically a pair of leaf-like, lightly sclerotized plates. Tegminal strut with large carina, parameres short and apically truncated, cleft to 63 % their length and with about 10 setae. Biology. Reared from seeds of Vachellia tortilis, V. t. raddiana and V. t. spirocarpa. Discussion. Bruchidius senegalensis was a replacement name for B. mimus Gyllenhal from Senegal. Subsequently the name senegalensis was erroneously used by authors for several other species (B. centromaculatus, B. cretaceus and B. meridionalis); the identity of B. senegalensis was established by Anton & Delobel (2003). Distribution. Algeria (de Luca 1962), Burkina Faso (Nongonierma 1978), Chad (Hoffman 1965), Kenya, Mali (Nongonierma 1978), Mauritania (Nongonierma 1978), Morocco (de Peyerimhoff 1926), Saudi Arabia (Anton pers. com.), Senegal, Tunisia, and Yemen (Anton pers. com.)., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwena��lle, Musyoka, Boaz K. & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (F��hraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 3931 (4) on pages 458-459, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244566, {"references":["Blanc, E. (1889) La description d'une nouvelle espece de Mylabridae (Bruchide) de Tunisie. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 9, 42 - 44.","Gyllenhal, L. (1833) Genera et species curculionidum, cum synonymia hujus familiae. Species novae aut hactenus minus cognitae, descriptionibus a Dom. Leonardo Gyllenhal, C. H. Boheman, et entomologis aliis illustratae. Tomus primus. - Pars prima. Roret, Paris, 296 pp. [pp. 386 - 681]","Schilsky, J. (1905) Bruchidae. In: Kuster, H. C. & Kraatz, G. (Eds.), Die Kafer Europa's. Nach der Natur beschrieben. Heft 41. Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg, pp. 1 - 100.","Pic, M. (1912) Renseignements generaux sur les bruchides. L'Echange, 28, 68 - 69.","Anton, K. - W. (2010) Bruchinae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 6. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 339 - 353.","Anton, K. - W. & Delobel, A. (2003) African species of the Bruchidius centromaculatus group with \" eyed \" female pygidium (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Bruchinae). Genus - International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy, 14, 159 - 190.","de Luca, Y. (1962) Contributions aux Bruchides (Col.) d'Algerie. Leurs hotes. Leurs parasites. Leurs stations. Memoires de la Societe d'Histoire naturelle d'Afrique du Nord, 7, 1 - 115.","Nongonierma, A. (1978) Contribution a l'etude biosystematique du genre Acacia Miller en Afrique occidentale. These de Doctorat d'Etat, mention Sciences, Universite Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, 451 pp.","Hoffmann, F. (1965) Coleopteres Bruchides et Dermestides recoltes par J. Mateu dans l'Ennedi. Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire, 27 A (1), 196 - 197.","de Peyerimhoff, P. (1926) Notes sur la biologie de quelques Coleopteres phytophages du Nord Africain (quatrieme serie). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 95, 319 - 390."]}

Bruchidius uberatus (F��hraeus, 1839) Bruchus uberatus F��hraeus, 1839: 40 Bruchus baudoni Caillol, 1908: 8 (synonymy in Decelle, 1966: 111) Bruchidius baudoni (Caillol): Pic, 1913: 17 Bruchidius uberatus (F��hraeus): Decelle, 1966: 110 Material examined. Egypt: 1 ♂ Philae, 8.v. 2002, ex Vachellia nilotica (G. F��di��re) [CBAD, CBGP]; 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Bahareya, 21.xii. 2000, ex V. n. tomentosa [1 ♂ 0 0 201, 1♀ 02614] (G. F��di��re) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, Bahareya, 19.ii. 2003, ex V. nilotica [1 ♂ 06303] (G. F��di��re) [CBAD, CBGP]; 1 ♂, Maadi, 22.xii. 2000, ex V. n. tomentosa [1 ♂ 01301] (G. F��di��re) [CBAD]. Senegal: 1 ♀, Dakar-Hann, 16.xii. 1994, ex Senegalia senegal, (M. Tran) [CBAD]; Richard-Toll, 21.iii. 1999, ex V. n. adansonii [specimen U 41 used for DNA extraction] (M.T. Gueye) [CBGP]; Popenguine, 31.xi. 1994, ex V. nilotica (H. & A. Delobel) [CBAD]; 3 ♂, 2 ♀, M���Bour, 21.xii. 1994, ex V. nilotica (H. & A. Delobel) [CBAD]; M���Bour, 18.i. 1995, ex V. n. adansonii (H. & A. Delobel) [CBAD]; Bandia, 18.i. 1995, ex V. n. (H. & A. Delobel) [CBAD]; Ross-Bethiot, 20.v. 1995, ex V. n. tomentosa (H. & A. Delobel) [CBAD]. United Arab Emirates: 1 ♂, Hatta, 4-11.iv. 2006, light trap [1 ♂ 03810] (A. van Harten) [CBGP]. A medium to large-sized (2.6���4.7 mm) species, body light to dark brown, antennae and four anterior legs testaceous, often darkened, posterior legs reddish brown; pronotum with dense white setae on basal lobes and two lateral dots; elytra with white elongated spots separated by brown to black intervals in odd interstriae, even interstriae yellowish to largely dark brown; last visible tergite entirely white or with a median line of white setae, dark spots at base and middle, apex largely dark; female usually darker than male. Other distinctive morphological traits are as follows: antenna short, strongly serrate from segment 4 in male; base of interstria 4 bulging, with two wide teeth; first ventrite with small basal patch of erect setae; last visible tergite strongly turned under apically in male; in female antenna shorter, serrate from segment 5, last visible tergite regularly convex except faint bulge beyond middle, often almost bare, shining, without foveae. Genitalia (Figs. 25���26): Median lobe elongated, almost cylindrical (maximum width excluding basal hood/ total length = 0.14), basal hood moderately widened; ventral valve large, subtriangular, with two lateral groups of 6 setae; no hinge sclerite; basal half of internal sac with 12���16 large thorn-like sclerites with broad base and blunt tip, followed by two median, hooked circular sclerites, then a pair of large thorn-like sclerites; posterior part of internal sac with a cluster of stout spicules; apical third with dense setation, ending in a setose tube; gonopore not sclerotized; basal strut narrow, with large keel; lateral lobes cleft to about 3 / 4 their length; apex straight, bearing about 18 short and long setae. In female, vagina long, entrance of bursa copulatrix with dorsal ovoid sclerite bearing a strong thorn-like spine oriented posteriorly, its surface lined with minute teeth. Biology. Examined material was reared from the seeds of Vachellia nilotica (including V. n. tomentosa and V. n. adansonii) and Senegalia senegal. Also occasionally obtained from seeds of Vachellia flava, V. tortilis, and V. sieberiana in Mali and Senegal (Nongonierma 1978). Discussion. As underlined beforehand B. uberatus is morphologically closely related to B. haladai. Distribution. Angola (Decelle 1975), Burkina Faso (Nongonierma 1978), Egypt, Guinea (Zacher 1936), India (Allard 1895), Ivory Coast (Gillon et al. 1992), Mali, Mauritania (Nongonierma 1978), Namibia (Zacher 1936), Republic of South Africa (Van Tonder 1985), Senegal, Sudan (F��hraeus 1839), and United Arab Emirates., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwena��lle, Musyoka, Boaz K. & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (F��hraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 3931 (4) on page 473, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244566, {"references":["Fahraeus, O. I. (1839) Genera et species curculionidum, cum synonymia hujus familiae. Species novae aut hactenus minus cognitae, descriptionibus Dom. L. Gyllenhal, C. H. Boheman, O. J. Fahraeus et entomologis aliis illustratae. Tomus quintus. - Pars prima. Roret, Paris, 970 pp.","Caillol, H. (1908) Catalogue des Coleopteres de Provence, 1 ere partie. Societe Linneenne de Provence, Marseille, 521 pp.","Decelle, J. (1966) La bruche sud-americaine des acacias: Pseudopachymerina spinipes (Erichson). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie, 102, 109 - 116.","Pic, M. (1913) Coleopteres exotiques en partie nouveaux. L'Echange, 29, 142 - 144.","Nongonierma, A. (1978) Contribution a l'etude biosystematique du genre Acacia Miller en Afrique occidentale. These de Doctorat d'Etat, mention Sciences, Universite Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, 451 pp.","Decelle, J. (1975) Les Coleopteres Bruchides d'Angola. Publicacoes Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, 89, 15 - 32.","Zacher, F. (1936) Beitrag zur Nahrpflanzenkenntnis der Samenkafer (Col. Bruch. - Lariidae). Mitteilungen der Deutschen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 7, 10 - 13.","Allard, E. (1895) Note sur les Bruchides recueillis dans l'Inde Anglaise, par M. Andrewes, de Londres. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 39, 225 - 228.","Gillon, Y., Rasplus, J. - Y. & Boughdad, A. (1992) Utilisation des graines de Legumineuses par un peuplement de Bruchidae et d'Anthribidae en zone de mosaique foret-savane (Lamto: Cote-d'Ivoire). Journal de Zoologie Africaine, 106, 421 - 443.","Van Tonder, S. J. (1985) Annotated records of southern African Bruchidae (Coleoptera) associated with acacias, with a description of a new species. Phytophylactica, 17, 143 - 148."]}

Bruchidius albosparsus (F��hraeus, 1839) Bruchus albosparsus F��hraeus, 1839: 52. Bruchus spadiceus F��hraeus, 1839: 54, syn. nov. Bruchus advena Wollaston, 1870: 26 (synonymy in Decelle 1972: 236) Tuberculobruchus albosparsus (F��hraeus): Decelle, 1951: 180 Bruchidius albosparsus (F��hraeus): Vayssi��re, 1961: 244 Bruchidius spadiceus (F��hraeus): Decelle, 1972: 236 Material examined. Type (female) of Bruchus albosparsus: Republic of South Africa: ��� Typus ��� ���Terra Caffrorum / Ecklon & Zeyher��� ��� 459 / 64 ��� ��� 111 / 73 ��� [NHRS]; specimen in poor condition, both elytra detached from body, left one glued to abdomen, both posterior legs missing, last abdominal tergite lifted, genitalia missing. Type (female) of Bruchus spadiceus: Republic of South Africa: ��� Typus ��� ���Br: spadiceus / Dej. / Prope b. sp.:Dr��ge��� ��� 464 / 64 ��� ��� 112 / 73 ��� [NHRS]; specimen with last abdominal tergite lifted, genitalia missing, antennae and legs complete. Other material: Democratic Republic of Congo: 5 ♂, 4 ♀, Isangi Port, 00�� 46 ��� 52 ������N, 24 �� 16 ��� 25 ������E, 383m, 03.v. 2010, ex acacia seeds [2 ♂ 0 1610, 0 1710, specimen GK 360 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]. Kenya: 19 ♂ 31 ♀, Machakos, 01�� 50 ���09������S, 37 �� 26 ��� 24 ������E, 1665m, 23.i. 2008, ex Vachellia seyal seyal seeds [4 ♂ 0 2311, 0 2411, 0 2511, 0 8508, 2♀ 0 3511, 0 3611, specimen GK 397 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]; 13 ♂, 10 ♀, Nairobi, Icipe Campus, 01�� 13 ��� 13 ������S, 36 �� 53 ��� 38 ������E, 1619m, 11.i. 2008, ex Vachellia xanthophloea seeds [1 ♂ 0 7608, specimens GK 398 and GK 399 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]; 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Gilgil, 00�� 23 ��� 45 ������S, 36 �� 18 ��� 45 ������E, 2036m, 29.x. 2007, ex Vachellia gerrardii seeds [1 ♀ 03011] (B. Le Ru) [MNHN]; 12 ♂, 12 ♀, Isinya, 01�� 40 ��� 23 ������S, 36 �� 51 ���07������E, 1827m, ii. 2002, ex Vachellia nilotica seeds [2 ♂ 0 3202, 0 3502, specimen Kg 11 =KE06 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Magadi, 01�� 29 ��� 49 ������S, 36 �� 37 ��� 15 ������E, 1748m, 06.i. 2007, ex Vachellia seyal seyal seeds [1 ♂ 0 9307, specimen GK 58 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]. A small to medium-sized (1.7���2.7 mm) species, with a short ovate body, integument of lighter specimens yellowish red with brown markings, darker specimens mostly black, with yellowish red areas. Elytral base darkened, especially in humeral area, elytra with a common black spot beyond middle, not reaching apex, antennae (except central segments darkened in darker specimens), fore and middle legs yellowish red, hind legs reddish brown, with black coxae. Thoracic sternites and ventrites more or less extensively blackened medially. Last visible tergite yellowish red to reddish-brown with disc more or less darkened in female. Vestiture mainly whitish or yellowish, not completely covering integument, recumbent; areas of denser white hair: on pronotum, a longitudinal strip opposite scutellum, reaching to the first third of pronotum length, two very small spots about middle of disc, and sides, white; scutellum white; on elytra, white linear spots on interstriae 3, 5, 7, 9, and at mid-length on intervals 5, 7, 8, 9, separated by strips of blackish setae. On remaining interstriae, setation mainly yellowish. A black spot on suture between basal third and apical fourth. Upper parts of thoracic sternites with dense white setae. Last visible tergite with dense and uniform vestiture of whitish setae. Elytra with shallow protuberance bearing two small teeth at base of striae 3 and 4. Ventrite 1 with large basal circular area of thin, semi-erect setae. Genitalia (Figs. 1���2). Median lobe slender, subcylindrical (w/l = 0.12), ventral valve subtriangular, moderately sclerotized, with acute tip, bearing on each side 2 to 4 (usually 3) setae; hinge sclerites linear, hardly sclerotized, or absent; internal sac proximally with a few sensilla, saccus almost smooth, with only a few minute and translucent spines. Basal strut without keel. Lateral lobes cleft to about half their length; apex of parameres with numerous long setae. Female genital tract without dorsal sclerite at entrance of bursa copulatrix, in some specimens one or a few minute spines are visible under phase contrast. Biology. Material from Kenya was reared from seeds of a number of Mimosoideae: Vachellia gerrardii (Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter, V. nilotica (L.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb., V. seyal (Del.) P.J.H. Hurter, V. xanthophloea (Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter; material from Democratic Republic of Congo from an unidentified species of acacia. Reported in Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton and V. nilotica (as Acacia arabica) seeds in Sudan (Peake 1952). Bruchidius albosparsus was also reported (as B. spadiceus) from V. tortilis tortilis (Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi in Botswana (Ernst et al. 1989), from V. tortilis spirocarpa (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Kyal. & Boatwr. and V. tortilis tortilis seeds in Israel (Vayssi��re 1961; Halevy, 1974), from S. cinerea (Schinz) Kyal. & Boatwr., V. davyi (N.E.Br.) Kyal. & Boatwr., V. k a r ro o (Hayne) Banfi & Galasso and V. luederitzii (Engl.) Kyal. & Boatwr. in Republic of South Africa and Zimbabwe (Van Tonder 1985), and from V. tortilis raddiana (Savi) Kyal. & Boatwr. and V. tortilis spirocarpa seeds in Tanzania (Lamprey et al. 1974; Pellew & Southgate 1984). Discussion. Color differences between the types of B. spadiceus (body globally lighter, antennae entirely testaceous) and B. albosparsus (body darker, especially underside, antennae slightly darkened medially) fall well within the range of individual variation commonly observed in the genus. Hence the synonymy B. spadiceus = B. albosparsus. Distribution. Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt (Shaumar 1963), Israel, Kenya, Namibia (Zacher 1936), Tanzania, Republic of South Africa, Saint Helena (Wollaston 1870), Sudan, and Zimbabwe., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwena��lle, Musyoka, Boaz K. & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (F��hraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 3931 (4) on pages 456-458, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244566, {"references":["Fahraeus, O. I. (1839) Genera et species curculionidum, cum synonymia hujus familiae. Species novae aut hactenus minus cognitae, descriptionibus Dom. L. Gyllenhal, C. H. Boheman, O. J. Fahraeus et entomologis aliis illustratae. Tomus quintus. - Pars prima. Roret, Paris, 970 pp.","Wollaston, T. V. (1870) On the Coleoptera of St. Helene. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5, 18 - 37. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937008696100","Decelle, J. (1972) La faune terrestre de l'ile Ste Helene. 2. Insectes. 9. Coleoptera. 32. Fam. Bruchidae. Annales du Musee Royal d'Afrique Centrale (8 °, Sc. Zool.), 192, 235 - 237.","Decelle, J. (1951) Contribution a l'etude des Bruchidae du Congo Belge (Col. Phytophaga). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 45, 172 - 192.","Vayssiere, P. (1961) Les bruchides en Israel. Journal d'agriculture tropicale et de botanique appliquee, 8, 236 - 247. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3406 / jatba. 1961.6804","Peake, G. C. (1952) On a bruchid seed borer in Acacia arabica Wild. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 43, 317 - 324. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300040517","Van Tonder, S. J. (1985) Annotated records of southern African Bruchidae (Coleoptera) associated with acacias, with a description of a new species. Phytophylactica, 17, 143 - 148.","Lamprey, H. F., Halevy, G. & Makacha, S. (1974) Interactions between Acacia, bruchid seed beetles and large herbivores. East African Wildlife Journal, 12, 81 - 85. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2028.1974. tb 00109. x","Pellew, R. A. & Southgate, B. J. (1984) The parasitism of Acacia tortilis seeds in the Serengeti. African Journal of Ecology, 22, 73 - 75. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2028.1984. tb 00679. x","Shaumar, N. F. H. (1963) A monographic revision of the Bruchidae of Egypt (U. A. R.). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique d'Egypte, 47, 141 - 196.","Zacher, F. (1936) Beitrag zur Nahrpflanzenkenntnis der Samenkafer (Col. Bruch. - Lariidae). Mitteilungen der Deutschen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 7, 10 - 13."]}

Bruchidius centromaculatus (Allard, 1868) Bruchus centromaculatus Allard, 1868: 20 Bruchidius centromaculatus Anton & Delobel, 2003: 161 Bruchus lanceolatus Motschulsky, 1874: 211 (synonymy in Anton & Delobel, 2003: 161) Bruchidius sahlbergi Schilsky, 1905:no. 94 (synonymy in Anton & Delobel, 2003: 161) Bruchus albonotatus Pic, 1930: 13 (synonymy in Anton & Delobel, 2003: 161) Material examined. Egypt: 3 ♂, Bahareya, 18.xii. 2002, ex Vachellia nilotica [1 ♂ 0 0 403, specimen Cf 41 used for DNA extraction] (G. F��di��re) [CBAD, CBGP]; 2 ♂, Bahareya, 3.xii. 2002, ex V. farnesiana [2 ♂ 0 0 703, 00803] (G. F��di��re) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, Giza, 12.xii. 2002, ex Dichrostachys cinerea (G. F��di��re) [CBAD]; Phylae, 23.iii.��� 4.iv. 1993, ex acacia seeds (G. Couturier) [CBAD]. Kenya: 5 ♂, 4 ♀, Mogotio, 1 ��05��� 29 ������S, 35 �� 56 ���06������E, 1686m, 18.vi. 2007, ex V. gerrardii [1 ♂ 0 9507, specimen GK 54 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; 2 ♂, 3 ♀, Suam, 00�� 29 ��� 27 ������N, 35 �� 50 ��� 31 ������E, 1894m, i. 2003, ex V. sieberiana [1 ♂ 03303] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD]. Senegal: 1 ♂, Lamsar, 18.iii. 1999, ex V. t. raddiana [1 ♂ 02600] (M.T. Gueye) [CBAD, CBGP]; Ross-B��thiot, 21.iii. 1999, ex V. nilotica [specimen Cf 41 used for DNA extraction] (M.T. Gueye) [CBAD, CBGP]; 5 ♂, 1 ♀, Ngazobil, 2.xii. 1995, ex V. sieberiana [3 ♂ 12495, 13595, 0 2296, 0 0 497, 1♀ 13599] (A. & H. Delobel) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, Ngazobil, 25.i. 1997, ex V. sieberiana [1 ♂ 00297] (A. & H. Delobel) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, Nianing, 3.vii. 1999, V. sieberiana (A. & H. Delobel) [CBGP]; 2 ♂, Diagle, 13.i. 1996, ex Senegalia macrostachya [2 ♂ 0 1796, 00297] (A. & H. Delobel) [CBAD, CBGP]; 1 ♂, Pout, i. 1996, ex S. polyacantha campylacantha [1 ♂ 02796] (A. & H. Delobel) [CBAD]; other material as listed in Anton & Delobel (2003), including specimens from Burkina-Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Israel, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia and Sudan. A medium to large-sized (2.1���3.1 mm) species, from light yellowish to checkered with blackish and whitish spots; elytral intervals 1 and 2 blackened beyond half length, antennae and legs yellowish, apical antennal segments often darker; ventrite 1 with baso-central pear-shaped area with dense, semi-erect thinner setae in male; in female, last visible tergite with pair of oblong, micropunctate foveae that are devoid of shiny margin; Genitalia [see Figs. 1���7, p. 163 in Anton & Delobel 2003]. Internal sac slender (w/l = 0.12), entirely lined with small broad-based spines or slim based spines, and 19 to 44 large denticles with base twice as long as point; lateral lobes separated to about 80 % their length; tegminal strut with very small carina; in female, vagina long and membranous, with dorsal dentate sclerite. Biology. Reared from seeds of Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn., Senegalia dudgeoni (Craib ex Holland) Kyal. & Boatwr., S. polyacantha campylacantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Kyal. & Boatwr., S. macrostachya (Reichenb. ex DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr., Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn., V. gerrardii, V. nilotica adstringens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Kyal. & Boatwr., V. n. nilotica, V. n. tomentosa (Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr., V. sieberiana (DC.) Kyal. Boatwr., V. tortilis and V. t. raddiana. Discussion. Bruchidius centromaculatus is morphologically related to B. arabicus and can be distinguished by having broader apical antennal segments, no or only shallow protuberances at base of elytra, apically broader male last visible tergite, paired foveae at apex of female last visible tergite, distinctly lower number of denticles in internal sac, dentate sclerites in bursa copulatrix [see Figs. 1 a���c in Decelle 1979 for habitus and male genitalia of B. arabicus]. Distribution. Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Kenya, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, and Sudan., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwena��lle, Musyoka, Boaz K. & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (F��hraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 3931 (4) on page 459, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244566, {"references":["Allard, E. (1868) Melanges entomologiques. Etude sur le groupe des bruchides d'Europe et du Bassin de la Mediterranee. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 11, 83 - 124.","Anton, K. - W. & Delobel, A. (2003) African species of the Bruchidius centromaculatus group with \" eyed \" female pygidium (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Bruchinae). Genus - International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy, 14, 159 - 190.","Motschulsky, V. (1874) Enumeration des nouvelles especes de Coleopteres rapportes de ses voyages par feu Victor Motschoulsky. 13 - Article. Bruchides. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 47, 203 - 252.","Schilsky, J. (1905) Bruchidae. In: Kuster, H. C. & Kraatz, G. (Eds.), Die Kafer Europa's. Nach der Natur beschrieben. Heft 41. Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg, pp. 1 - 100.","Pic, M. (1930) Nouveautes diverses. Melanges Exotico-Entomologiques, 56, 1 - 36.","Decelle, J. (1979) Insects of Saudi Arabia. Coleoptera: Fam. Bruchidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 1, 318 - 330."]}

Bruchidius grandemaculatus (Pic, 1933) Bruchus grandemaculatus Pic, 1933: 20. Bruchidius grandemaculatus (Pic): Zampetti, 1988: 102. Material examined. Type (male) of Bruchidius grandemaculatus: Kenya: “Lamu I. / Kenya Colony ” “ April–May 1911 / H.J.A. Turner” “Museum Paris / coll. Pic” “ Type ” [MNHN]. Other material: Kenya: 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Tsavo, Mackinnon, 3 ° 43 ’ 54 ’’S 39 °02’07’’E, 379m vii. 2001, ex Vachellia nilotica seeds [1 ♂ 0 5501, 2♀ 0 5401, 0 5601, specimen G 11 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]; 8 ♂, 13 ♀, Kerio 00° 32 ’ 26 ’’N 35 ° 31 ’ 31 ’’E, 1282m, 17.vii. 2007, ex V. tortilis spirocarpa seeds [1 ♂ 09707] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Marigat, 00° 28 ’ 13 ’’N 35 ° 54 ’ 30 ’E, 1265m, 18.vi. 2007, ex Senegalia senegal seeds [1 ♂ 06708] (B. Le Ru) [MNHN]; 3 ♂, Marigat, 00° 20 ’ 49 ’’N 35 ° 56 ’00’’E, 1322m, 17.v. 2007, ex S. senegal seeds (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]; 10 ♂, 16 ♀, Malindi, 03°08’03’’S 40 °08’05’’E, 33m, 31.xii. 2007, ex V. nilotica seeds [specimen GK 210 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]; 1 ♀, Tsavo (Voi), 22.xi– 2.xii. 1996 (M. Snizek) [OLML]; 1 ♂, Tsavo, 23.iii– 4.iv. 1997 (M. Halada) [OLML]. A medium to large-sized (2.6–4.4 mm) species, body color variable, darker specimens with elytra largely black, with disc brownish, and lighter specimens mostly tawny, with black markings only in apical fourth of elytra; female darker than male, elytra largely black with elongated spots of light setae in interstriae; anterior legs and antennae testaceous, posterior legs reddish brown with base often black; last visible tergite brown, with a median and two lateral lines of white setae. Other distinctive morphological traits: antenna short, submoniliform; elytra with wide protuberance bearing two large blunt teeth at base of striae 3 and 4; ventrite 1 with small basal ovoid area of thin, semi-erect setae; last visible tergite strongly turned under apically in male; in female, with two large and shallow apical impressions surrounding a narrow median bulge. Genitalia (Figs. 16–17). Median lobe elongated, slightly widened apically (w/l = 0.13), basal hood moderately widened; ventral valve small, subtriangular, folded in middle, with two lateral groups of 2–3 setae; basal third of internal sac densely lined with strands of tubercles that are strongly sclerotized anteriorly, and become translucent posteriorly; posterior part of internal sac with various spinules and setae, and a complex structure composed of lightly sclerotized plates with dense setation and a pair of small lateral pockets; gonopore wide, sclerotized; basal strut narrow, with small keel; lateral lobes cleft to about 80 % their length; apex bearing 6 setae. In female, vagina short, no dorsal sclerite at entrance of bursa copulatrix. Biology. Examined material was reared from seeds of three Mimosoideae collected in Kenya: Senegalia senegal, Vachellia nilotica and V. tortilis spirocarpa. Discussion. As underlined beforehand, B. grandemaculatus is morphologically similar to B. glomeratus. It differs by is larger size, darker coloration and the color of its antennae. In female, the last visible tergite is also more bulging than in B. glomeratus. Male genitalia of both species are also quite distinctive (see Figs. 16–17 for B. grandemaculatus and Figs. 13–14 for B. glomeratus). Distribution. Burundi (Pic 1933), Democratic Republic of Congo (Pic 1933), Kenya, and Somalia (Zampetti 1988). Bruchidius haladai Delobel, sp. nov. Type material. Holotype (male) of Bruchidius haladai: Kenya: “ Kenya, Malindi / ex Acacia nilotica 33m / S 03°08.054’ E 40 °08.098’ / 31 décembre 2007, B. Le Ru coll.” “Genitalia: lame Delobel 00814” “ Holotype ” “ Bruchidius / haladai sp. nov. / Delobel des., 2014 ” [MNHN]. Paratypes: 8 ♂, 12 ♀, same data as holotype [2 ♂ 0 7809, 0 7909, 1♀ 00410] [MNHN]. Other material: Kenya: 7 ♂, Voi (Tsavo), 11–14.iv. 1997 [1 ♂ 13607, specimen GK 245 used for DNA extraction] (M. Halada) [OLML]; 1 ♂, Tsavo, Voi, 22.xi– 2.xii. 1996 [1 ♂ 06909] (M. Halada) [OLML]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Tsavo, Voi, 22.xi– 2.xii. 1996 (M. Snizek) [OLML]; 1 ♂, Voi, 13–17.xii. 1997 (M. Snizek) [OLML]; 2 ♀, Voi, 8–18.xi. 1996 (M. Snizek) [OLML]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Tsavo, Voi, 23.iii.– 4.iv. 1997 (M. Snizek) [OLML]. Zimbabwe, 1 ♂, 50km NW Chipinge, 25.i. 1998 (M. Halada) [OLML]. Description. Length (pronotum-last visible tergite): 2.9 mm; width: 1.7 mm. Body stout, last visible tergite vertical. Integument dark brown to black, antennomeres 1–4 (5) reddish brown, (5) 6–10 black, 11 reddish brown apically; mouthparts and vertes reddish; anterior legs yellowish brown with femora partly blackened and last 2 or 3 tarsomeres black; posterior legs dark brown to black; base of last visible tergite lighter coloured. Vestiture made of long, moderately dense white, yellowish, brown and black setae; pronotum with black setae anteriorly, disc with diffuse brown spots; basal lobe with long white or yellowish setae; on elytra, black dots arranged in two transversal stripes on interstriae 3, 5, 7 and 9; a wide longitudinal stripe along suture (except in basal fourth), on interstriae 1 and 2, and 3 in posterior third; apex black with 4–5 small brown dots; last visible tergite with two dark basal dots and small irregular black areas. Male. Head short, with eyes strongly bulging, maximum head width 1.7 times width behind eyes; eyes separated by 0.17 times head width including eyes; face long and very narrow, with distance between posterior rim of eyes and apex of clypeus / distance between eyes = 4.1; eye cleft only to middle, width at bottom of sinus composed of 12 ommatidia; carina on frons not defined, interocular tubercle distinct, flattened, dull. Punctuation of face irregular, apex of clypeus straight, alutaceous. Antenna measuring 0.85 times body length; antennal segments 2–3 moniliform, of equal length, together shorter than 4, 5– 10 widened apically, serrate, strongly eccentric, 4 as wide as long, 5–10 much wider than long, 8 1.3 times wider than long, 11 oval (l/w = 2.2). Length of antennomeres: 2.4; 1.0; 1.0; 2.7; 2.8; 2.8; 3.1; 2.9; 3.2; 3.5; 5.1. Pronotum subtrapezoidal, with greatest width at base (w/l = 1.33), its sides bulging near middle, not expanded behind eyes; its surface irregular, with two oblique impressions, on sides of basal lobe and near middle. Disc with punctures strong, coalescent and ocellate. Elytra 1.12 times longer than combined width, their sides convex, maximum width beyond middle; two strong teeth at base of interstria 4. Striae on disc shallow and narrow, with punctures small; interstriae shining, with strong microsculptures and rows of large punctures. Hind femora moderately incrassated, mesoventral margin with strong preapical denticle; hind tibiae apically strongly widened, with dorsomesal and ventral carinae complete, lateral reaching base, and a ventro-lateral carina not reaching apex; apex of tibia with mucro about as long as width of tarsomere 1 at base; lateral denticle about 1 / 3 mucro length, and dorsal denticles about half as long as lateral denticle. First tarsomere ventrally with small denticle. Abdomen with ventrite 5 deeply emarginate; ventrite 1 basally with small patch of white setae. Last visible abdominal tergite subtriangular, 1.1 times longer than wide at base, with apex not turned under, in female without foveae. Genitalia (Figs. 18–19). Median lobe of moderate length, stout (maximum width excluding basal hood/ total length = 0.16), not apically widened; basal hood large and wide, not emarginate; ventral valve acutely triangular, bearing two lateral groups of 5 setae; dorsal valve braced by a wide sclerotized ring; no hinge sclerites; basal part of internal sac with 18 strongly sclerotized spines; saccus lined with minute pointed tubercles, and with two small thorn-like sclerites; distal tube with long, dense needles. Basal strut with large keel; lateral lobes cleft to 80 % their length, pubescent; apex of parameres with about 15 short setae. Female. Similar to male, but antennae shorter, segments 1–4 moniliform, 5–10 more or less darkened, sometimes whole antenna reddish brown. Vagina long and membranous, with a small thorn-like sclerite in dorsal position at entrance of bursa copulatrix. Biology. Reared from Vachellia nilotica seeds. Discussion. Bruchidius haladai compares most closely with B. uberatus, from which it differs mainly in a very distinctive arrangement of large sclerotized teeth in the internal sac (Fig. 18; see Fig. 25 for B. uberatus). Bruchidius uberatus has a wide distribution in Africa (from Mauritania and North Africa to Republic of South Africa and Namibia, also present in the Arabic Peninsula, Iran and India, whereas B. haladai seems restricted to East Africa. A stout median lobe, pointed ventral valve, numerous large spines in the internal sac, basal strut with large dorsal keel, are also met in a species that belong to a phylogenetically distant lineage (Delobel et al. 2013); B. hinnulus (Fåhraeus). Bruchidius haladai however differs from B. hinnulus in the smaller number and larger size of spines in the internal sac. Etymology. Species dedicated to Marek Halada, who collected several specimens in the Tsavo National Park. Distribution. Kenya and Zimbabwe., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwenaëlle, Musyoka, Boaz K. & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (Fåhraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 3931 (4) on pages 466-467, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244566, {"references":["Pic, M. (1933) Nouveautes diverses. Melanges Exotico-Entomologiques, 61, 3 - 36.","Zampetti, M. F. (1988) Notes on bruchids from East Africa Coleoptera, Bruchidae. Fragmenta Entomologica, 21, 101 - 110.","Delobel, A., Anton, K. - W., Le Ru, B. P. & Kergoat, G. J. (2013) Morphology, biology and phylogeny of African seed beetles belonging to the Bruchidius ituriensis species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Genus - International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy, 24, 39 - 63."]}

Bruchidius quadrispinosus sp. nov. (Figs 2–3, 10–12) Type locality. Kenya, Nairobi Co., Nairobi, icipe research complex, Kasarani Constituency-International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), 01°13.230′S, 36°53.636′E. Type material. HOLOTYPE: J (dissected [11108]), ‘ KENYA, Nairobi, ICIPE / ex Acacia xanthophloea pods / 01°13.230’S 36°53,636’E / 11.i.2008, B. Le Ru coll. // Holotype // Bruchidius quadrispinosus n. sp., Delobel & Le Ru des. 2015’ (MNHN). PARATYPES: 1 ♀, same data as holotype (MNHN); 1 J, Kenya-S, Kibwezi, Hunters’ Lodge, 2.xii.1997, M. Snizek, dissected (OÖLM). Description. Length: 2.9 mm; width: 1.6 mm. Body moderately stout, last visible tergite slanted about 20° from vertical. Integument testaceous to dark reddish brown, with elytral suture and sides blackened; antennae and four anterior legs testaceous, posterior legs reddish brown, abdominal sternites testaceous, with central part darkened or not; last tarsomeres and antennomeres (8)9–10(11) blackened; last visible tergite testaceous in male, largely black in female. Vestiture made of scaly, whitish, fulvous and blackish setae, with white markings: on pronotum, a wide basal triangle and longitudinal line becoming thinner anteriorly and two small dots; elytra fulvous with lighter dots, more strikingly at basal third of intervals 3, 5, 7, 9, apex dark; last visible tergite almost uniformly white in male, in female narrowly greyish anteriorly and laterally with basal white triangle, rest of tergite black. Male. Head short, eyes strongly bulging, maximum head width about 1.5 times width behind eyes; eyes separated by 0.3 times head width including eyes; face wide, with distance between posterior rim of eyes and apex of clypeus / distance between eyes = 2.4; eye moderately cleft, width at bottom of sinus composed of 7–8 ommatidia; frons with blunt carina and strong and shiny bulge posteriorly. Punctation of face small and dense, clypeus visibly alutaceous. Antenna (Fig. 10) moderately long, measuring 0.38 times body length; antennal segments 1–4 submoniliform, 5 slightly widened apically, as wide as long, and following segments strongly eccentric, transverse, 11 apically rounded, 1.5 times longer than wide. Lengths of antennomeres: 1.6: 1.0: 1.2: 1.2: 1.2: 1.2: 1.2: 1.2: 1.3: 1.3: 2.2. Pronotum sub-trapezoidal, transverse, at base much wider than long (W/L = 1.7), its sides slightly convex medially; oblique impression on sides of basal lobe strong; disc with strong and dense punctation. Elytra basally wider than pronotal base, slightly longer (L/W = 1.08) than their combined width, disc flattened; dented elevation at base of striae 3 and 4, teeth closer to each other than to elytron base; striae narrow, with small punctures, interstriae wide and flat, strongly alutaceous. Hind femur moderately incrassated, twice wider than median femur; mesoventral margin with small acute preapical denticle; hind tibia short, strongly widened towards apex, with ventral, lateral and dorsomesal carinae complete; apex of tibia with mucro shorter than tarsomere 1 width, lateral denticle about half mucro length. First tarsomere ventrally with small acute denticle. Abdomen with ventrite 5 strongly emarginated, its length medially about half as long as sternite 4, about one third its lateral length; ventrite 1 with patch of dense setae at basal angle well developed. Last visible tergite shield-shaped, only slightly longer than wide, strongly convex in apical half, its apex strongly turned under. Genitalia. Median lobe (Fig. 11) of moderate length (maximum width excluding basal hood / total length = 0.20), subcylindrical, moderately widened apically; basal hood narrow, not notched apically; ventral valve subtriangular, with sinuated sides, tip acute and bearing numerous sensilla, with two lateral groups of 5–6 setae; dorsal valve braced with sclerotized ring; pair of hinge sclerites; internal sac elongated, lined in basal third with hyaline ctenoid scales and small needles; four large thorns in central third, followed by smooth zone, devoid of needles or setae; apical bulb large, densely lined with very thin needles, gonopore large, circular. Basal strut (Fig. 12) with obsolete dorsal keel; lateral lobes slender, cleft 70 % of their length, pubescent; apex of parameres with about 6 long and 10–12 shorter setae. Female. Similar to male, but last visible tergite less convex, ventrite 5 about as long as ventrite 4. Darker than male: integument almost entirely black, except antennae and legs, only slightly darker than male; elytral disc brown, rest of elytra black, its vestiture checked black, brown and yellowish, with large black sutural marking in middle of intervals 1–3. Differential diagnosis. The external morphology of B. quadrispinosus sp. nov. is very similar to that of the Bruchidius albosparsus species group as a whole. General body shape and color, and more particularly the presence of a black marking in the middle of elytral suture (striking in female specimen) are typical for members of the group. The large thorn-like spines in central part of the internal sac are of a type never found in the B. albosparsus group, but thorn-like sclerites do exist, even though in a smaller size and in a different arrangement, in at least two other members of the group, namely B. uberatus (Fåhraeus, 1895) and in another, yet undescribed species. Also, the pair of anterior sclerites usually named ‘hinge sclerites’ is quite similar to those found in B. albosparsus itself. Host plant. Larvae develop in seeds of Vachellia xanthophloea (L.) Willd. Etymology. Specific epithet (masculine adjective) meaning ‘with four spines’, a reference to the ornamentation of internal sac. Distribution. Kenya (Makueni and Nairobi County)., Published as part of Delobel, Alex & Ru, Bruno Le, 2015, New Bruchidius species reared from Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae: Acacieae) seeds from Eastern and Southern Africa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), pp. 261-272 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (1) on pages 265-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5302702

Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le (2015): New Bruchidius species reared from Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae: Acacieae) seeds from Eastern and Southern Africa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (1): 261-272, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5302702, {"references":["ANTON K.-W. 1998: Revision of the genus Bruchidius. Part I: the B. seminarius group (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie) 573: 1-13.","ANTON K.-W. & DELOBEL A. 2003:African species of the Bruchidius centromaculatus group with 'eyed' female pygidium (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Bruchinae). Genus 14: 159-190.","DECELLE J. 1979: Insects of Saudi Arabia. Coleoptera: Fam. Bruchidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 1: 318-330.","DELOBEL A. 2007: Description of previously reported but hitherto undescribed African Bruchidius (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Genus 18: 687-720.","DELOBEL A. 2010: Seed beetles associated with Alysicarpus vaginalis in Vietnam (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Genus 21: 1-9.","DELOBEL A. & LE RU B. 2009: On some poorly known species of South African seed beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Genus 20: 411-427.","DELOBEL A., LE RU B., GENSON G., MUSYOKA B. K. & KERGOAT G. J. 2015: Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (Fahraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 3931: 451-482.","ERNST W.H. O., DECELLE J. E. & TOLSMA D. J. 1990: Predispersal seed predation in native leguminous shrubs and trees in savannas of southern Botswana. African Journal of Ecology 28: 45-54.","ILDIS 2014: International Legume Database and Information Service (Legume Web). Permanent web publication available from: http://www.ildis.org (last accessed in November 2014).","KERGOAT G. J., DELOBEL A., FEDIERE G., LE RU B. & SILVAIN J.-F. 2005: Both host-plant phylogeny and chemistry have shaped the African seed-beetle radiation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 602-611.","KERGOAT G. J., DELOBEL A., LE RU B. & SILVAIN J.-F. 2008: Seed-beetles in the age of the molecule: recent advances on systematics and host-plant association patterns. Pp. 59-86. In: JOLIVET P., SANTIAGO-BLAY J. & SCHMITT M. (eds): Research on Chrysomelidae, volume 1. Brill, Leiden, the Netherlands, 432 pp.","KINGSOLVER J. M. 1970:A study of male genitalia in Bruchidae (Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 72: 370-414.","NILSSON J.A. & JOHNSON C. D.1993:A taxonomic revision of the palm bruchids (Pachymerini) and a description of the world genera of Pachymerinae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 41: 1-104.","VAN TONDER S. J. 1985: Annotated records of Southern African Bruchidae associated with acacias, with a description of a new species. Phytophilactica 17: 143-148.","WWW 2014: World Wide Wattle. Permanent web publication available from: http://www.worldwidewattle.com (last accessed in November 2014).","YUS RAMOS R. 2008: Catalogo comentado de los bruquidos de las islas Canarias (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Vieraea 36: 21-54."]}

Seed beetles are a group of specialized chrysomelid beetles, which are mostly associated with plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). In the legume-feeding species, a marked trend of phylogenetic conservatism of host use has been highlighted by several molecular phylogenetics studies. Yet, little is known about the evolutionary patterns of association of species feeding outside the legume family. Here, we investigate the evolution of host use in Spermophagus, a species-rich seed beetle genus that is specialized on two non-legume host-plant groups: morning glories (Convolvulaceae) and mallows (Malvaceae: Malvoideae). Spermophagus species are widespread in the Old World, especially in the Afrotropical, Indomalaya and Palearctic regions. In this study we rely on eight gene regions to provide the first phylogenetic framework for the genus, along with reconstructions of host use evolution, estimates of divergence times and historical biogeography analyses. Like the legume-feeding species, a marked trend toward conservatism of host use is revealed, with one clade specializing on Convolvulaceae and the other on Malvoideae. Comparisons of plants' and insects' estimates of divergence times yield a contrasted pattern: on one hand a quite congruent temporal framework was recovered for morning-glories and their seed-predators; on the other hand the diversification of Spermophagus species associated with mallows apparently lagged far behind the diversification of their hosts. We hypothesize that this delayed colonization of Malvoideae can be accounted for by the respective biogeographic histories of the two groups.

Conicobruchus flabellicornis (Boheman, 1829) Bruchus flabellicornis Boheman, 1829: 105 Bruchus antonioi Pic, 1943: 6 (synonymy in Decelle, 1975: 18) Conicobruchus flabellicornis: Decelle, 1951: 181 Material examined. Holotype (female) of Bruchus antonioi: Angola: San Antonio (now Soyo), 1929 (H. Brauns) [MNHN]. Other material: Kenya: 3 ♂, 4 ♀, Suam, 01�� 11.982 ���N 34 �� 49.538 E, 1951m, 12.xi. 2008, ex Crotalaria incana [2 ♂ 0 1209, 0 2312, specimen GK 200 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP]; 1 ♀, Kakamega, 00�� 10.990 ���N 34 �� 58.137 E, 1693m, 11.xi. 2008, ex Crotalaria incana purpurascens [specimen GK 243 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP]; 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Burguret, 00��04.926���N 37 �� 02.203E, 1915m, 21.xi. 2011, ex Crotalaria incana purpurascens [1 ♂ 0 2112, specimen GK 452 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP]; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, same data, but ex Crotalaria brevidens intermedia [1 ♂ 0 2412, specimen GK 442 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP]. Togo: 1 ♀, Lom��, 28.viii. 1995, ex Crotalaria goreensis (I.A. Glitho) [MNHN]. Black, but Kenyan specimens often with elytral disc dark red. A pod sample collected in Suam yielded two black and five ���red��� specimens, whereas one sample from Burguret yielded only ���red��� specimens. Color is apparently unrelated with sex. Other major morphological traits are as follows: pronotum 1.37 to 1.43 times wider at base than long, with oblique lateral impression, constricted anteriorly into a wide neck, strongly rugose-punctate, with several white hair spots. These were described in detail by F��hraeus (1839: 4): a small spot in the ante-scutellar fossa, a short line just before apex, at posterior angles, and a lateral spot on each side; an additional pair of white spots is often visible on sides of basal lobes, scutellum with similar white setation. Elytral striae strong, with small punctures, interstriae flat, with series of shallow circular punctures. Male genitalia. Median lobe (Fig. 7) of moderate length, stout (maximum width excluding basal hood / total length = 0.17), widened apically, basal hood widened, concave posteriorly; ventral valve large, subtriangular, with apex acute, bearing a few sensillae and two lateral groups of 3���5 setae; no hinge sclerite; internal sac without central column of tubercules, but with rather dense hyaline scales and tubercles, ending posteriorly in a dorsal mass of small, poorly sclerotized teeth, blending into a short series of well sclerotized teeth of variable length; a pair of strong ventro-lateral dented rods; between these a few isolated teeth; posteriorly two poorly defined groups of dented masses; apical ampoule devoid of any ornamentation, gonopore unsclerotized; basal strut narrow, without keel; lateral lobes cleft to 85 % their length; apex modified, with two lips, the dorsal one bearing about twelve long setae, the ventral one with a dense group of short sensillae. Biology. Examined material was reared from pods of Crotalaria goreensis and Crotalaria incana subsp. purpurascens. This constitutes the first verified record on its biology. Distribution. Angola, Burundi (Decelle, 1956), Democratic Republic of Congo (Decelle, 1951), Kenya, Sierra Leone (F��hraeus, 1839) and Togo. Discussion. Conicobruchus flabellicornis can be distinguished form all other members of the group based on the presence of brushes and spots of dense white setae on the pronotum (present in C. flabellicornis, absent in other species)(Fig. 1)., Published as part of Le Ru, Bruno P., Delobel, Alex, Gy��rgy, Zolt��n, Genson, Gwena��lle & Kergoat, Gael J., 2014, Taxonomy, host-plant associations and phylogeny of African Crotalaria - feeding seed beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae): the Conicobruchus strangulatus (F��hraeus) species group, pp. 238-256 in Zootaxa 3895 (2) on pages 247-249, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3895.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/226173, {"references":["Boheman, C. H. (1829) Novae Coleopterum species. Memoires de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 7, 101 - 133.","Pic, M. (1943) Opuscula martialis. L'echange, numero special, 10, 1 - 16.","Decelle, J. (1975) Les Coleopteres Bruchides d'Angola. Publicacoes Culturais Cia Diamantes Angola, 89, 13 - 32.","Decelle, J. (1951) Contribution a l'etude des Bruchidae du Congo Belge (Col. Phytophaga). Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines, 45, 172 - 192.","Fahraeus, O. I. (1839) In: Schonherr, C. J. (Ed.), Genera et species Curculionidum, cum synonymia hujus, familiae. Roret, Paris, Fleischer, Stockholm, pp. 1 - 495.","Decelle, J. (1956) Contributions a l'etude de la faune entomologique du Rwanda Urundi (Mission P. Basilewsky, 1953). XCIX. Coleoptera: Bruchidae. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge. Sciences Zoologiques. Tervuren, 51, 423 - 426."]}

Conicobruchus decoratus (F��hraeus, 1871) Bruchus decoratus F��hraeus, 1871: 448 Bruchus decoratus atrodorsalis Decelle, 1960: 137, syn. nov. Bruchus nigromaculatus Pic, 1929 (synonymy in Decelle 1961: 8) Bruchidius decoratus Decelle, 1975: 21 Conicobruchus decoratus: Kergoat et al., 2011: 756 Material examined. Type (male) of Bruchus nigromaculatus: Republic of South Africa: Port St John, v. 1923, R.E. Turner [dissected, genitalia on card in DMHF]. Other material: Botswana: 1 ♀, Lerib��, 1923 (R. Ellenberger) [MNHN]. Republic of Mozambique: 1 ♂, Nova Chupanga, v. 1928 (P. Lesne) [MNHN]. Tanzania: 2 ♂ (C. Conrads) [MNHN]. Zambia: 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Samununga, 13 �� 37.156 ���S 24 ��07.349���E, 1091m, 19.iii. 2012, ex Crotalaria aculeata claessensii, [1 ♂ 0 2012, specimen GK 446 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP]. Body black, with large red parts; head (including antennae), thoracic sternites and legs always black, pronotum and abdomen always red. Elytra entirely black in some specimens, but usually red with more or less extensive black markings (Fig. 1): usually base, humerus, a round spot at basal fourth in interstriae 2 to 4, apical fourth to third of elytra, often also along suture. Other important morphological traits are as follows: pronotum 1.5 times wider at base than long, its sides almost straight, slightly sinuated, not constricted anteriorly into a neck; moderately lobed posteriorly and laterally, with dense white setation on lobes; strial punctures small, circular, closely spaced, interstriae finely imbricate, shining, with minute punctures; male antennae serrate. Male genitalia. Median lobe (Fig. 5) of moderate length, stout (maximum width excluding basal hood / total length = 0.15), not widened apically, basal hood moderately widened, not concave posteriorly; ventral valve large, subtriangular, bearing apically numerous sensillae and basally two lateral groups 9���12 setae; no hinge sclerite; internal sac anteriorly with minute spinules and scales, then densely lined with strands of hyaline and sclerotized spines; apical ampoule devoid of any ornamentation, gonopore not sclerotized; basal strut (Fig. 6) narrow, without keel; lateral lobes cleft to about 90 % their length; apex modified, with two lips, the dorsal one bearing about 15 setae, the ventral one densely lined with long setation. Biology. Zambian material was reared from pods of Crotalaria aculeata subsp. claessensii. This constitutes the first report on its biology. Distribution. Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo (Decelle, 1960), Republic of Mozambique, Republic of South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia. Discussion. Conicobruchus decoratus can be distinguished from other members of the C. strangulatus species group by the shape of the pronotum and structure of male genitalia. Contrary to the other species of the group, in C. decoratus the pronotum is short, its side non-concave and it is not compressed anteriorly into a neck (Fig. 1). Male genitalia are also very distinctive, being less widened anteriorly and the basal strut not concave posteriorly (Fig. 5). Specimens with black elytra were considered as a subspecies (atrodorsalis) by Decelle (1960). However the pattern of elytral coloration is extremely variable, ranging from red with few black markings to entirely black. Because of this high level of variability we chose to establish the synonymy Bruchus decoratus atrodorsalis Decelle = Conicobruchus decoratus (F��hraeus)., Published as part of Le Ru, Bruno P., Delobel, Alex, Gy��rgy, Zolt��n, Genson, Gwena��lle & Kergoat, Gael J., 2014, Taxonomy, host-plant associations and phylogeny of African Crotalaria - feeding seed beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae): the Conicobruchus strangulatus (F��hraeus) species group, pp. 238-256 in Zootaxa 3895 (2) on pages 246-247, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3895.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/226173, {"references":["Fahraeus, O. I. (1871) Coleoptera Caffrariae, family Brenthidae, Anthribidae et Bruchidae. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps- Akademiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 28, 433 - 452.","Decelle, J. (1960) Bruchidae (Coleoptera: Phytophagoidea). Exploration du parc National de l'Upemba I. Mission G. F. de Witte), 59, 135 - 143. [1946 - 1949]","Pic, M. (1929) Nouveautes diverses. Melanges exotico-entomologiques, 53, 1 - 27.","Decelle, J. (1975) Les Coleopteres Bruchides d'Angola. Publicacoes Culturais Cia Diamantes Angola, 89, 13 - 32.","Kergoat, G. J., Le Ru, B. P., Genson, G., Cruaud, C., Couloux, A. & Delobel, A. (2011) Phylogenetics, species boundaries and timing of resource tracking in a highly specialized group of seed beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 59, 746 - 760. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2011.03.014"]}

Le Ru, Bruno P., Delobel, Alex, György, Zoltán, Genson, Gwenaëlle, Kergoat, Gael J. (2014): Taxonomy, host-plant associations and phylogeny of African Crotalaria - feeding seed beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae): the Conicobruchus strangulatus (Fåhraeus) species group. Zootaxa 3895 (2): 238-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3895.2.6

Conicobruchus atrosuturalis (Pic, 1939) Bruchus atrosuturalis Pic, 1939: 31. Conicobruchus atrosuturalis: Decelle 1951: 181. Material examined. Paratype (male) of Bruchus atrosuturalis var. Pic: Ethiopia: ix. 1936 (genitalia on card in drop of DMHF) [MNHN] Other material: Kenya: 1 ♂, Chyulu Hills, vii. 1938 [1 ♂ 00514] Coryndon Museum /Expdt Chyulu Hills / July 38 alt. 5600, Imp. Inst./Entom [MNHN]; 1 ♂, Kakamega, 00�� 10.930 N 34 �� 56.137 E, 1693m, ex Crotalaria incana purpurescens, 0011. xi. 2008 [1 ♂ 01109] (B. Le Ru) [MNHN]; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Magadi, 01�� 46.142 S 36 �� 20.657 E, 856m, i. 2007, ex Crotalaria uguenensis [1 ♂ 0 2307, specimen GK 35 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP]. Body black, except elytra bright yellowish-red with black markings along suture (Fig. 1), also along apex of elytra in some specimens; ventrites dark reddish brown to black in typical form, red in paratype and Kenyan specimens reared from Crotalaria uguenensis seeds; last visible tergite red or black. Major morphological traits are as follows: pronotum 1.3 times wider at base than long, its sides straight basally, strongly convergent anteriorly, with a distinct neck; lack of white hair spots on pronotum (setation uniformly pale greyish or yellowish); elytral striae with small, closely spaced punctuation, interstriae with punctures varying from strong to shallow. Male genitalia. Median lobe (Fig. 2) similar with that of Conicobruchus strangulatus (Fig. 10), stout (maximum width excluding basal hood / total length = 0.19), slightly widened apically, basal hood moderately widened, concave posteriorly; ventral valve large, subtriangular, with apex acute, bearing numerous sensillae and two lateral groups of 5 to 8 setae; no hinge sclerite. Internal sac densely lined anteriorly with minute spinules (Fig. 2 A) and ctenoid scales (Fig. 2 B), followed by an area almost devoid of ornamentation, then dense scales and spines blending dorsally into a short series of well sclerotized small teeth (Fig. 2 C); a pair of strong ventro-lateral dented rods (Fig. 2 D) similar to those observed in Conicobruchus nodieri and C. astragalinae, and between them zero to three isolated teeth (Fig. 2 E); posteriorly a zone with a few strong, isolated teeth (Fig. 2 E) and a number of setae; then again two or more groups of dented sticks or masses (Fig. 2 F); apical ampoule (Fig. 2 G) devoid of any ornamentation, gonopore not sclerotized; basal strut narrow, without keel. Lateral lobes cleft to nearly 90 % of their length; apex modified, with two lips, the dorsal one bearing about 12-15 long setae, the ventral one with a dense group of short sensillae. Biology. Examined material was reared from pods of Crotalaria uguenensis and C. incana subsp. purpurescens in Kenya. Distribution. Ethiopia and Kenya. Discussion. Conicobruchus atrosuturalis has a very specific color pattern with a black body and bright orange elytra (Fig. 1). This pattern can only be found in red specimens of C. flabellicornis; the two species can be easily distinguished based on the presence of brushes and spots of dense white setae on the pronotum (absent in C. atrosuturalis, present in C. flabellicornis)., Published as part of Le Ru, Bruno P., Delobel, Alex, Gy��rgy, Zolt��n, Genson, Gwena��lle & Kergoat, Gael J., 2014, Taxonomy, host-plant associations and phylogeny of African Crotalaria - feeding seed beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae): the Conicobruchus strangulatus (F��hraeus) species group, pp. 238-256 in Zootaxa 3895 (2) on pages 242-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3895.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/226173, {"references":["Pic, M. (1939) Nouveaux coleopteres, principalement phytophages, de l'Ethiopie et Somalie italienne. Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 17, 31 - 37.","Decelle, J. (1951) Contribution a l'etude des Bruchidae du Congo Belge (Col. Phytophaga). Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines, 45, 172 - 192."]}

Conicobruchus cicatricosus (F��hraeus, 1839) Bruchus cicatricosus F��hraeus, 1839: 39. Bruchus cicatricosus pallidioripennis Pic, 1941: 12, syn. nov. Conicobruchus cicatricosus: Kergoat et al., 2011: 756 Material examined. Kenya: 2 ♂, Josa Wundanyi, 03�� 25.863 S 31 �� 21.314 E, 1378m, 13.iv. 2012, ex Crotalaria laburnifolia tenuicarpa [1 ♂ 0 2212, specimen GK 448 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP]. Tanzania: 1 ♂, Kidevu, 03�� 09.402S 36 �� 41.058 E, 1818m, 25.ii. 2008, ex Crotalaria sp. [specimen GK 195 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP]. Republic of South Africa: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Port Elisabeth [1 ♂ 04908]; 1 ♀, East London, ix. 1915 (R. Ellenberger) [MNHN]. Tanzania: 1 ♂, xii 7 n fv, ex Crotalaria sp. [1 ♂ 00508] (C. Conrads) [MNHN]. Zimbabwe: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Masvingo, 22.i. 1998 [1 ♂ 19007, specimen GK 171 used for DNA extraction] (M. Halada) [O��LM]. Body entirely black, or black with elytra and legs more or less light reddish brown (Fig. 1). The black form corresponds to variety A of F��hraeus, the paler form to his variety B, as well as to Pic���s variety pallidioripennis. These are mere colour forms of the same species. Other important morphological traits are as follows: pronotum 1.2 times wider at base than long, its sides straight basally, strongly convergent anteriorly, then constricted into a distinct neck; lack of white hair spots on pronotum (setation uniformly yellowish); elytral striae thin and narrow, interstriae alternating greyish setose spots with bare areas surrounding large ocellate punctures, elytral disc thus showing a checkered pattern, less visible laterally and posteriorly. Male antennae strongly pectinate. Male genitalia. Median lobe (Fig. 3) of moderate length, stout (maximum width excluding basal hood / total length = 0.20), slightly widened apically, basal hood moderately widened, concave posteriorly; ventral valve large, subtriangular, bearing apically numerous sensillae and basally two lateral groups of 6 to 9 setae; no hinge sclerite; internal sac densely lined anteriorly with minute spinules and ctenoid scales, followed by strands of hyaline spicules and tubercles, progressively transformed laterally into a pair of groups of very dense setae; posteriorly numerous strong teeth, associated or not in two to four dented sticks or masses; apical ampoule devoid of any ornamentation, gonopore not sclerotized; basal strut (Fig. 4) narrow, without keel; lateral lobes cleft to about 90 % their length; apex modified, with two lips, the dorsal one bearing 15-20 long setae, the ventral one densely lined with long setation. Biology. The type series was reared from Crotalaria volubilis seeds in ���Caffraria��� (now Republic of South Africa). The name C. volubilis Thunberg is not valid (ILDIS 2014; TROPICOS 2014), so that the actual host remains unknown (but C. capensis according to De Luca, 1965). Examined material was reared from pods of Crotalaria laburnifolia subsp. tenuicarpa in Kenya and of Crotalaria sp. in Tanzania. Distribution. Kenya, Republic of South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. Discussion. Conicobruchus cicatricosus can be distinguished from other members of the group by its elytral setation (Fig. 1), in which bare spots alternate with densely setose patches (in other species elytra are uniformly covered with setae). Contrary to C. decoratus and C. rubricollis, the male genitalia of C. cicatricosus includes large sclerites. However, in contrast with C. atrosuturalis, C. flabellicornis and C. strangulatus, proximal sclerites are absent., Published as part of Le Ru, Bruno P., Delobel, Alex, Gy��rgy, Zolt��n, Genson, Gwena��lle & Kergoat, Gael J., 2014, Taxonomy, host-plant associations and phylogeny of African Crotalaria - feeding seed beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae): the Conicobruchus strangulatus (F��hraeus) species group, pp. 238-256 in Zootaxa 3895 (2) on pages 244-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3895.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/226173, {"references":["Fahraeus, O. I. (1839) In: Schonherr, C. J. (Ed.), Genera et species Curculionidum, cum synonymia hujus, familiae. Roret, Paris, Fleischer, Stockholm, pp. 1 - 495.","Pic, M. (1941) Coleopteres du globe. L'echange, 57, 13 - 16.","Kergoat, G. J., Le Ru, B. P., Genson, G., Cruaud, C., Couloux, A. & Delobel, A. (2011) Phylogenetics, species boundaries and timing of resource tracking in a highly specialized group of seed beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 59, 746 - 760. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2011.03.014","ILDIS (2014) International Legume Database and Information Service. Legume Web. Available from: http: // www. ildis. org (accessed 26 Nov 2014)","TROPICOS (2014) Tropicos. org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Available from: http: // www. tropicos. org (accessed 18 Aug. 2014)","De Luca, Y. (1965) Catalogue de metazoaires parasites et predateurs de Bruchides (Coleopteres). Journal of Stored Products Research, 1, 51 - 98. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0022 - 474 X (65) 90007 - X"]}

Key to the Conicobruchus strangulatus species group based on external morphology of the adults (see Fig. 1) 1. Pronotum short, its sides not concave, not compressed anteriorly into a neck. Mostly red, with dark markings on elytra................................................................................................ C. decoratus - Pronotum long with sides concave, produced anteriorly into a neck.............................................. 2 2 (1). Elytra with bare spots alternating with densely setose patches........................................ C. cicatricosus - Elytra uniformly covered with setae....................................................................... 3 3 (2). Pronotum bearing brushes and spots of dense white setae, quite noticeable on black background........... C. flabellicornis - Lack of white setae spots on pronotum.................................................................... 4 4 (3). Last visible tergite and elytra black or dark reddish-brown......................................... C. strangulatus - Last visible tergite red.................................................................................. 5 5 (4). Body mostly deep reddish brown, elytra mainly black, pronotum with a longitudinal line of whitish setae..... C. rubricollis - Body black, elytra bright orange with suture black............................................... C. atrosuturalis, Published as part of Le Ru, Bruno P., Delobel, Alex, Gy��rgy, Zolt��n, Genson, Gwena��lle & Kergoat, Gael J., 2014, Taxonomy, host-plant associations and phylogeny of African Crotalaria - feeding seed beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae): the Conicobruchus strangulatus (F��hraeus) species group, pp. 238-256 in Zootaxa 3895 (2) on page 253, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3895.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/226173

Conicobruchus strangulatus (F��hraeus, 1839) Bruchus strangulatus F��hraeus, 1839: 4 Bruchus hargreavesi Pic, 1933: 133, syn. nov. Bruchidius hargreavesi: De Luca, 1965: 58 Conicobruchus strangulatus: Decelle, 1951: 181 Bruchidius strangulatus Prevett, 1967: 176 Material examined. Paratype (female) of Bruchus hargreavesi: Uganda: Kampala, ii. 1932, ex pods of Crotalaria [MNHN] Other material: Burkina-Faso: 1 ♂, Bobo-Dioulasso, 1.xi. 2003, light trap [1 ♂ 00714] (H. Perrin) [MNHN]. Mali: 2 ♂, 7 ♀, Bafing, vi. 2008, ex C. cf goreensis [1 ♂ 0 0 614, specimen GK 116 used for DNA extraction] (G.J. Kergoat) [MNHN]. Senegal: 18 ♂, 13 ♀, 5km N. Missira, 25.xi. 1995, ex C. glaucoides [1 ♂ 14495, 1♀ 02210] (H. & A. Delobel) [CBGP]; 4 ♂, 11 ♀, Nianing, xi. 1998, ex C. perrottetii [1 ♂ 19207, 1♀ 11307] (H. & A. Delobel) [CBGP]; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Dakar, 15.ix. 1999, ex C. podocarpa [1 ♂ 0 2699, specimen Xh 1 used for DNA extraction] (H. & A. Delobel) [CBGP]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 5 km N. Missira, 11.xi. 1995, ex C. comosa (H. & A. Delobel) [CBGP]; 1 ♂, Joal - Samba Dia, 19.xi. 1995, ex C. cf goreensis [1 ♂ 14395] (H. & A. Delobel) [CBGP]. Color variable, with two distinct forms: darker specimens can be entirely black whereas lighter specimens are dark reddish brown, with antennae black. Specimens of the lighter form were formerly considered as a distinct species (hargreavesi). Other important morphological traits are as follows: pronotum 1.6���1.7 times wider at base than long; lack of white hair spots on pronotum (setation uniformly pale greyish or yellowish); strong ocellate punctation on interstriae, more or less aligned, particularly deep on elytral base in some specimens; hind femur with small acute tooth. Male genitalia. Median lobe (Fig. 10) of moderate length, stout (maximum width excluding basal hood/ total length = 0.16), strongly widened apically, basal hood moderately widened, concave posteriorly; ventral valve large, subtriangular, with apex acute, bearing numerous sensillae and two lateral groups of 5 to 10 setae; no hinge sclerite; internal sac without central column of tubercles, but with rather dense hyaline scales and tubercles, ending posteriorly in a dorsal mass of small, poorly sclerotized teeth, blending into a short series of well sclerotized teeth of variable length; a pair of strong ventro-lateral dented rods similar to those observed in Conicobruchus nodieri and C. astragalinae, varying in size and shape, from short and straight (Fig 12) to long and crescent (Fig. 13) or rod-shaped (Fig. 14), sometimes very long and articulated (Fig. 15); between these from zero to three isolated teeth; posteriorly a zone with a variable number of strong, isolated sclerotized teeth: absent in specimens from Dakar (Fig. 13) and Bafing (Fig. 15), numerous in male from Missira (Fig. 16); then again two groups of dented sticks or masses, clearly rod-shaped as in Fig. 16 to ill-defined as in male from Nianing (Fig. 17); apical ampoule devoid of any ornamentation, gonopore without sclerotization; basal strut narrow, without keel (Fig. 11); lateral lobes cleft to 85 % their length; apex modified, with two lips, the dorsal one bearing about twelve long setae, the ventral one with a dense group of short sensillae. Biology. Examined material was reared from pods of Crotalaria comosa, C. glaucoides Baker f., C. cf goreensis, C. perrottetii, C. podocarpa. Recorded from other Crotalaria species: C. calycina Schrank, C. leprieurii Guill. & Perr., C. ochroleuca G. D o n, and C. subcapitata De Wild. (Gillon et al., 1992). Crotalaria pods usually contain a large number of small seeds; Conicobruchus strangulatus larvae are external feeders, at least during the last phases of their development, because their body is much larger than the size of individual seeds; when mature, larvae weave a white cocoon inside the inflated pod, attached to its wall, and emergence occurs through a circular hole. Development of young larvae seems impossible in mature, dry seeds. Distribution. F��hraeus' types are from Senegal and Republic of South Africa; Pic���s typical series of Bruchus hargreavesi is from Uganda; material seen is from Burkina Faso, Mali, Senegal; also reported from Angola (Decelle, 1975), Congo (Decelle, 1951, 1960, Rasplus, 1989), Eritrea (Zampetti, 1988), Ethiopia (Decelle 1971), Ivory Coast (Rasplus, 1989; Gillon et al., 1992), Nigeria (Prevett, 1971), Senegal (Decelle, 1969) and Togo (Woegan et al., 1997). Discussion. Conicobruchus strangulatus cannot be confounded with the three species that have a red last visible tergite (C. atrosuturalis, C. decoratus, C. rubricollis). Differences in elytral setation easily separate C. strangulatus from C. cicatricosus (uniform in C. strangulatus, mix of bare spots and densely setose patches in C. cicatricosus). Finally it can be distinguished from C. flabellicornis based on the presence of brushes and spots of dense white setae on the pronotum (absent in C. strangulatus, present in C. flabellicornis). Conicobruchus strangulatus is the type species of genus Conicobruchus Decelle. Senegalese specimens are either of the lighter (hargreavesi) or of the darker (strangulatus) form. The fact that specimens of both forms emerged from pods of the same host-plant in the same location provides support to establish the synonymy Bruchus hargreavesi Pic = Conicobruchus strangulatus (F��hraeus). Phylogenetic analyses. Maximum likelihood analyses yield a best ML tree with a likelihood score of - 25368.23 (Fig. 18). The genus Conicobruchus is recovered monophyletic with a high support (BV of 97 %). As in the study of Kergoat et al. (2011), Bruchidius biguttatus and B. cisti appear closely related to the genus Conicobruchus (BV of 93 %). Within the genus Conicobruchus the relationships are very similar to those inferred in Kergoat et al. (2011). The six species corresponding to the Conicobruchus strangulatus species group cluster together, with a high bootstrap support (BV of 94 %). The newly sequenced species Conicobruchus indicus is found sister to C. kidevuensis, and appear unrelated to the species of the C. strangulatus species group. Another newly sequenced species, C. medaniensis is found sister to C. albopubens with a high support (BV of 100 %). Within the C. strangulatus species group a clade composed of C. decoratus and C. rubricollis is sister (BV of 94 %) to a wellsupported (BV of 89 %) clade of four species. The latter is encompasses C. cicatricosus on the one hand and a subclade that groups C. flabellicornis sister to C. atrosuturalis and C. strangulatus on the other., Published as part of Le Ru, Bruno P., Delobel, Alex, Gy��rgy, Zolt��n, Genson, Gwena��lle & Kergoat, Gael J., 2014, Taxonomy, host-plant associations and phylogeny of African Crotalaria - feeding seed beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae): the Conicobruchus strangulatus (F��hraeus) species group, pp. 238-256 in Zootaxa 3895 (2) on pages 249-253, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3895.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/226173, {"references":["Fahraeus, O. I. (1839) In: Schonherr, C. J. (Ed.), Genera et species Curculionidum, cum synonymia hujus, familiae. Roret, Paris, Fleischer, Stockholm, pp. 1 - 495.","Pic, M. (1933) Nouveautes diverses. Melanges exotico-entomologiques, 61, 3 - 36.","De Luca, Y. (1965) Catalogue de metazoaires parasites et predateurs de Bruchides (Coleopteres). Journal of Stored Products Research, 1, 51 - 98. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0022 - 474 X (65) 90007 - X","Decelle, J. (1951) Contribution a l'etude des Bruchidae du Congo Belge (Col. Phytophaga). Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines, 45, 172 - 192.","Prevett, P. F. (1967) Observations on the biology of six species of Bruchidae (Coleoptera) in northern Nigeria. Entomologist's. Monthly Magazine, 102, 174 - 180.","Gillon, Y., Rasplus, J. - Y. & Boughad, A. - M. (1992) Utilisation des graines de Legumineuses par un peuplement de Bruchidae et d'Anthribidae en zone de mosaique foret-savane (Lamto: Cote d'Ivoire). Journal of African Zoology, 106, 421 - 443.","Decelle, J. (1975) Les Coleopteres Bruchides d'Angola. Publicacoes Culturais Cia Diamantes Angola, 89, 13 - 32.","Decelle, J. (1960) Bruchidae (Coleoptera: Phytophagoidea). Exploration du parc National de l'Upemba I. Mission G. F. de Witte), 59, 135 - 143. [1946 - 1949]","Rasplus, J. - Y. (1989) Revision des especes afro-tropicales du genre Dinarmus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N. S.), 25, 135 - 162.","Zampetti, M. F. (1988) Notes on bruchids from East Africa Coleoptera, Bruchidae. Fragmenta Entomologica, 21, 101 - 110.","Decelle, J. (1971) Bruchides (Col.) recoltes en Abyssinie Centrale par l'expedition H. Scott et J. Omer Cooper (Sept 1926 - Jan 1927). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Entomologique de Belgique, 107, 243 - 259.","Prevett, P. F. (1971) The larvae of some Nigerian Bruchidae (Coleoptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 123, 247 - 312. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1971. tb 00845. x","Decelle, J. (1969) Le Parc National du Niokolo-kobo (Senegal). Part III. XVII. Coleoptera: Bruchidae. Memoires de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, 84, 287 - 296.","Woegan, A. Y., Glitho, A. I., Bouchet, F. & Akpagana, K. (1997) Contribution au recensement de quelques legumineuses spontanees et subspontanees, hotes de Bruchidae en zone guineenne au Togo (Coleoptera, Chrysomeloidea). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 3, 241 - 250.","Kergoat, G. J., Le Ru, B. P., Genson, G., Cruaud, C., Couloux, A. & Delobel, A. (2011) Phylogenetics, species boundaries and timing of resource tracking in a highly specialized group of seed beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 59, 746 - 760. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2011.03.014"]}

Conicobruchus rubricollis (Pic, 1903) Bruchus rubrithorax Pic, 1903: 169 Bruchus rubricollis Pic, 1913: 45 (name preoccupied) Conicobruchus rubricollis: Kergoat et al., 2011: 756 Material examined. Male paratype, Zimbabwe: Harare (with label ��� Bruchidius rubrithorax Pic ��� handwritten by J. Decelle) [MNHN]. Other material: Kenya: 2 ♂, Thange Town, 02�� 34.738 ���N 37 �� 57.129 ���E, 904m, 24.iv. 2011, ex Crotalaria cf. polysperma [1 ♂ 0 3211, specimens GK 406 and GK 440 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [MNHN]; 1 ♂, SE Kenya, Voi (Tsavo), 23.3.- 4.4.1997; 2 ♂, Kenya mer., Tsavo East, Buchuma env., 28.xi. 1997 [specimen GK 196 used for DNA extraction] (M. Snizek) [O��LM]; 1 ♀, Kenya, S. Taita, Mwatate, 30.xi. 1997 (M. Snizek) [O��LM]. Zimbabwe: 1 ♂, Masvingo, 22.i. 1998 [1 ♂ 18907] (M. Halada) [O��LM]. Large species well defined by its mainly red colour, with major part of antennae, elytra, and often disc of mesothoracic sternite, black (Fig. 1); pubescence white, denser on median longitudinal line of pronotum, scutellum, base of elytral suture; pygidium with two lateral spots near base and a longitudinal line. Other major morphological traits are as follows: pronotum 1.5 times wider at base than long, without oblique lateral impression, its sides concave, produced anteriorly into a neck; elytral striae narrow and deep, with small punctures, interstriae wide and flat, with small punctures on shagreened background; antennae serrate. Male genitalia. Median lobe (Fig. 8) of moderate length (maximum width excluding basal hood / total length = 0.23), strongly widened and sclerotized apically; basal hood oval, apically indented; ventral valve large, subtriangular, with apex acute, with numerous sensillae, bearing two lateral groups of 10���12 setae; dorsal valve unsclerotized; no hinge sclerites; anterior part of the internal sac lined with hyaline spinules becoming denser and larger distally, then large ctenoid scales, posterior saccus with numerous sclerotized teeth; apical ampoule unarmed. Tegminal strut (Fig. 9) without keel, triangularly pointed apically, lateral lobes cleft to base; apex of parameres with numerous setae, slightly modified, with dorsal velum. Biology. Specimens from Thange were reared from a sample of Crotalaria sp. near polysperma pods. This constitutes the first report on its biology. Distribution. Kenya and Zimbabwe. Discussion. The red color of the last visible tergite distinguishes Conicobruchus rubricollis from C. cicatricosus, C. flabellicornis and C. strangulatus (Fig. 1). It cannot be confounded with C. decoratus based on differences on the shape of the pronotum. Finally the presence of a longitudinal line of whitish setae on the pronotum separates C. rubricollis from dark specimens of C. atrosuturalis. Male genitalia (Fig. 8) are similar in shape with other members of the group (except C. decoratus) but completely lack large sclerites., Published as part of Le Ru, Bruno P., Delobel, Alex, Gy��rgy, Zolt��n, Genson, Gwena��lle & Kergoat, Gael J., 2014, Taxonomy, host-plant associations and phylogeny of African Crotalaria - feeding seed beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae): the Conicobruchus strangulatus (F��hraeus) species group, pp. 238-256 in Zootaxa 3895 (2) on page 249, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3895.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/226173, {"references":["Pic, M. (1903) Coleopteres de l'Afrique australe. Revue d'Entomologie, 22, 165 - 171.","Pic, M. (1913) Bruchidae, In: Junk, W. (Ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. Part 55. Berlin, pp. 1 - 74.","Kergoat, G. J., Le Ru, B. P., Genson, G., Cruaud, C., Couloux, A. & Delobel, A. (2011) Phylogenetics, species boundaries and timing of resource tracking in a highly specialized group of seed beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 59, 746 - 760. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2011.03.014"]}

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Callosobruchus rhodesianus Pic, 1902 Material examined (5 spec.). YEMEN: SOCOTRA ISLAND: Wadi Ayhaft, 12°36′38″N 53°58′49″E, 190 m, 24.– 26.xi.2003, 1 spec., D. Král leg. (CBAD); Sirhin area, Dixam Plateau, 12°31′08″N 53°59′09″E, 812 m, 1.–2.xii.2003, 1 spec., P. Kabátek leg. (NMPC); Firmihin, 12°28′27″N 54°0′54″E, 400–500 m, at light, 6.–7.ii.2010, 1 spec., L. Purchart & J. Vybíral leg.(NMPC); Aloove area, Hasan vill. env., 12°31.2′N 54°07.4′E, 221 m, 9.–10.xi.2010, 1 spec., J. Hájek leg. (NMPC); Dixam plateau, Firmihin (Dracaena forest), 12°28.6′N 54°01.1′E, 490 m, 15.–16.xi.2010, 1 spec., J. Hájek leg. (NMPC). Distribution. Angola, Benin, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Senegal, Togo, Yemen, Zimbabwe. First record from Socotra Island. Comments. Socotran specimens differ markedly from those from mainland Africa: prescutellar lobes are much less markedly convex, are covered with dense pale yellowish (instead of pure white) setation, and elytral vestiture is much less contrasted (almost uniformly pale fulvous in some specimens). Such differences in external morphology would possibly justify a separation at species level. Examination of male genitalia however shows that the aedeagus of Socotran specimens is perfectly identical with that of specimens from East Africa. The median pair of dented sclerites in the internal sac is clearly different in specimens from West Africa, so that populations from Socotra appear more closely related with Kenyan than with West African populations. Callosobruchus rhodesianus is a well-known pest of cowpeas, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Fabaceae: Phaseoleae: Phaseolinae), both in the field and in stores. According to TUDA et al. (2006), its wild populations favour dry areas with a long dry season, which explains the ability of this species to use dry and hard beans as a food source. It is also recorded from another Phaseolinae, Nesphostylis holosericea (Welw. ex Baker) Verdc. (GILLON et al. 1992), but its larvae can also attack members of the subtribe Cajaninae such as Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. AMEVOIN et al. (2005) showed that C. rhodesianus populations are outcompeted by Callosobruchus maculatus when both species coexist in the same stored seeds., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, 2012, Bruchinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Socotra Island, pp. 373-380 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 on page 375, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5339503, {"references":["TUDA M., RONN J., BURANAPANICHPAN S., WASANO N. & ARNQVIST G. 2006: Evolutionary diversification of the bean beetle genus Callosobruchus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae): traits associated with stored-product pest status. Molecular Biology 15: 3541 - 3551.","GILLON Y., RASPLUS J. - Y. & BOUGHDAD A. M 1992: Utilisation des graines de Legumineuses par un peuplement de Bruchidae et d'Anthribidae (Coleoptera) en zone de mosaique foret-savane (Lamto: Cote-d'Ivoire). Journal de Zoologie Africaine 106: 421 - 443.","AMEVOIN K., GLITHO I. A., MONGE P. & HUIGNARD J. 2005: Why Callosobruchus rhodesianus causes limited damage during storage of cowpea seeds in a tropical humid zone in Togo. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 116: 175 - 182."]}

Bruchidius nalandus (Pic, 1927) Material examined (111 spec.). YEMEN: SOCOTRA ISLAND: Coastal road, shrubby area, ca. 5 km W of Hadibo, 13.vi.2009, 5 spec., L. Purchart leg. (NMPC); Shrub 5 km E of Hadiboh, 13.vi.2009, 1 spec., V. Hula leg. (NMPC); Elhe nursery, 12°32′39″N 54°04′43″E, 19.vi.2009, 3 spec., V.Hula leg. (NMPC); Shibhon, 12°28′15″N E 53°58′31″E, 680 m, 13.vi.2009, 7 spec., L. Purchart leg. (NMPC); Wadi between Firmihim and Shibhon, 23.vi.2009, 1 spec., L. Purchart leg. (NMPC); Di Lishe beach, 20 m, 2.ii.2010, 3 spec., L. Purchart leg. (NMPC); Zemhon area, 12°30′58″N E 54°06′39″E, 270–350 m, 3.–4.ii.2010, 15 spec., L. Purchart & J. Vybíral leg. (NMPC); Firmihin, 12°28′27″N E 54°0′54″E, 400–500 m, at light, 6.–7.ii.2010, 3 spec., L. Purchart & J. Vybíral leg. (2 spec. in NMPC, 1 spec. in CBAD); Di Hamri, 12°37′59″N 54°15′40″E, 20 m, 27.ii.2010, 4 spec., L. Purchart leg. (NMPC); Dgisfu Valley, 12°28.444′N 54°08.596′E, 2.vi.2010, 1 spec., V. Hula & J. Niedobová leg. (CBAD); Deiqub cave env., 10.vi.2010, 6 spec., V. Hula & J. Niedobová leg. (5 spec in NMPC, 1 spec. in CBAD); Zemhon area, 12°20′58″N 54°06′39″E, 270–300 m, 16.–17.vi.2010, 9 spec., V.Hula leg.(NMPC); Wadi Ayhaft, 12°36.5′N 53°58.9′E, 200 m, 7.–8.xi.2010, 1 spec., J. Hájek leg. (NMPC); same data, 1 spec., P.Hlaváč leg. (NMPC); same data, 1 spec., J. Batelka leg. (NMPC); same data, 4 spec., J. Bezděk leg. (3 spec. in JBCB, 1 spec. in CBAD); Aloove area, Hasan vill. env., 12°31.2′N 54°07.4′E, 221 m, 9.–10.xi.2010, 1 spec., J. Hájek leg. (NMPC); Noged Plain (sand dunes), Sharet Halma vill. env., 12°21.9′N 54°05.03′E, 20 m, 10.–11.xi.2010, 19 spec., J. Bezděk leg. (16 spec. in JBCB, 3 spec. in CBAD); same data, 1 spec., L. Purchart leg. (NMPC); same data, 2 spec., J. Hájek leg. (NMPC); same data, 3 spec., P. Hlaváč leg. (NMPC); same data, 1 spec., J. Batelka leg. (NMPC); Dixam plateau, Firmihim (Dracaena forest), 12°28.6′N 54°01.1′E, 490 m, 15.–16.xi.2010, 2 spec., J. Hájek leg. (NMPC, CBAD); same data, 1 spec., J. Bezděk leg.(JBCB); Aloove area, Aloove vill. env., Jatropha unicostata shrubland with Boswellia elongata trees, 12°31.2′N 54°07.4′E, 221 m, 19.–20.vi.2012, 2 spec., J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula, P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart leg. (NMPC); Deiqub cave, cave & Croton socotranus + Jatropha unicostata shrubland, 12°23.1′N 54°00.9′E, 115 m, 12.vi.2012, 11 spec., J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula, P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart leg. (NMPC); Noged plain,Abataro, border of sand dunes and shrubland, 12.–13.vi.2012, 12°22.1′N 54°03.4′E, 20 m, 1 spec., J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula, P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart leg. (NMPC); Sheq vill. env., 8.vi.2012, Croton socotranus + Jatropha unicostata shrubland, 12°39.7′N 54°03.8′E, 15 m, 2 spec., J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula, P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart leg. (NMPC). Distribution. Congo, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kenya, Republic of South Africa, Sri Lanka, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam. First record from Socotra Island. Comments. Morphology is somewhat variable throughout the range of the species. In particular, specimens from the United Arab Emirates and Socotra are often notably larger than specimens from Southeast Asia. Such differences may be directly related to the nature or amount of larval food. The only unquestionable hosts of B. nalandus are seeds of two Tephrosia species (Fabaceae: Millettieae), T. candida (Roxb.) DC. and T. purpurea (L.) Pers. (see ARORA 1977). In Vietnam, it was also reared on seeds of Crotalaria pallida Aiton (Fabaceae). There are several species of the genus Tephrosia growing in Socotra; at least on the locality Sheq B. nalandus was collected from the very common T. apollinea (Delile) Link (P. Kment, pers. comm.)., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, 2012, Bruchinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Socotra Island, pp. 373-380 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 on page 374, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5339503, {"references":["ARORA G. L. 1977: Taxonomy of the Bruchidae (Coleoptera) of Northwest India. Part I. Adults. Oriental Insects, Supplement 7: 1 - 132."]}

Spermophagus monardi Decelle, 1975 Material examined (1 spec.). YEMEN: SOCOTRA ISLAND: Hadiboh env., 12°65′02″N 54°02′04″E, ca. 10–100 m, 21.xi.–12.xii.2003, 1 J, D. Král leg. (NMPC). Distribution. Angola, Ethiopia, Sudan, Tanzania, Yemen. First record from Socotra Island. Comments. Members of the genus Spermophagus Schönherr, 1833 usually feed on the seeds of various Convolvulaceae and Malvaceae. The larval host plant of S. monardi is unknown., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, 2012, Bruchinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Socotra Island, pp. 373-380 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 on page 379, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5339503

Caryedon gonagra (Fabricius, 1798) Material examined (2 spec.). YEMEN: SOCOTRA ISLAND: Wadi Ayhaft, 12°36′38″N 53°58′49″E, 190 m, 24.– 26.xi.2003, 1♀, P.Kabátek leg. (NMPC); Aloove area, Hasan vill.env., 12°31.2′N 54°07.4′E, 221 m, 9.–10.xi.2010, 1 ♀, L. Purchart leg. (NMPC). Distribution. From Egypt to Australia, including Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. First record from Socotra Island. Comments. Caryedon gonagra used to be confused with the groundnut seed beetle, Caryedon serratus (Olivier, 1790) (differentiation in DELOBEL et al. 2003). Its larvae feed on seeds of various Caesalpinioideae, including tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.), Gleditsia triacanthos L., Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) Irwin & Barneby, and various species of Cassia and Bauhinia; also reared on seeds of Mimosoideae such as Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd., A. raddiana Savi, Dichrostachys cinerea Wight &Arn., and possibly also Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, 2012, Bruchinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Socotra Island, pp. 373-380 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 on page 375, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5339503, {"references":["DELOBEL A., SEMBENE M., FEDIERE G. & ROGUET D. 2003: Identity of the groundnut and tamarind seedbeetles (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Pachymerinae), with the restoration of Caryedon gonagra (F.). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 39: 197 - 206."]}

Delobel, Alex (2012): Bruchinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Socotra Island. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52: 373-380, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339503, {"references":["AMEVOIN K., GLITHO I. A., MONGE P. & HUIGNARD J. 2005: Why Callosobruchus rhodesianus causes limited damage during storage of cowpea seeds in a tropical humid zone in Togo. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 116: 175-182.","ANTON K.-W. 2010: Subfamily Bruchinae. Pp. 339-353. In: LOBL I. & SMETANA A. (eds.): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 6. Chrysomeloidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 924 pp.","ANTON K. -W. & DELOBEL A. 2004: Description of five new species in the genus Caryedon Schoenherr, with a taxonomical note on C. angeri (Semenov) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Pachymerinae). Genus 15: 65-90.","ARORA G. L. 1977: Taxonomy of the Bruchidae (Coleoptera) of Northwest India. Part I. Adults. Oriental Insects, Supplement 7: 1-132.","DECELLE J. 1979a: Insects of Saudi Arabia. Coleoptera: Fam. Bruchidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 1: 318-330.","DECELLE J. 1979b: Etude d'une collection de Coleopteres Bruchides de Somalie. Monitore Zoologico Italiano N. S., Supplement 12: 79-88.","DELOBEL A.2011:Order Coleoptera, family Chrysomelidae Subfamily Bruchinae.Pp.274-285.In:HARTEN A.VAN (ed.): Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Volume 4. Multiply Marketing Consultancy Services, Abu Dhabi, 816 pp.","DELOBEL A., SEMBENE M., FEDIERE G. & ROGUET D. 2003: Identity of the groundnut and tamarind seedbeetles (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Pachymerinae), with the restoration of Caryedon gonagra (F.). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 39: 197-206.","GILLON Y., RASPLUS J.-Y. & BOUGHDAD A. M 1992: Utilisation des graines de Legumineuses par un peuplement de Bruchidae et d'Anthribidae (Coleoptera) en zone de mosaique foret-savane (Lamto: Cote-d'Ivoire). Journal de Zoologie Africaine 106: 421-443.","JOHNSON C. D., SOUTHGATE B. J. & DELOBEL A. 2004:A revision of the Caryedontini (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Pachymerinae) of Africa and the Middle East. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 44: 1-120.","TUDA M., RONN J., BURANAPANICHPAN S., WASANO N. & ARNQVIST G. 2006: Evolutionary diversification of the bean beetle genus Callosobruchus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae): traits associated with stored-product pest status. Molecular Biology 15: 3541-3551.","YUS RAMOS R. 2010: Los Caryedontini de la Peninsula Arabia (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 47: 341-347."]}

Caryedon sudanensis Southgate, 1971 (Figs. 5–6) Material examined (89 spec.). YEMEN: SOCOTRA ISLAND: Qaareh waterfall, Noged Plain, 12°20′10″N 53°37′56″E, 57 m, 5.–6.xii.2003, 1 spec., P. Kabátek leg. (NMPC); Homhil Protected Area, 360 m, 12°34′27″N 54°18′32″E, 28.–29.xi.2003, 1 spec., P. Kabátek leg. (NMPC); same data, 4 spec., D. Král leg. (3 spec. in NMPC, 1 spec. in CBAD); same data, 11 spec., J. Farkač leg. (CULS); Dixam plateau, Wadi Esgego, 12°28′09″N 54°00′36″E, 300 m, 2.–3.xii.2003, 5 spec.,P.Kabátek leg.(NMPC);Dixam plateau,Wadi Zeeriq, 12°31′08″N 53°59′09″E, 750 m, 3.xii.2003, 1 spec., D. Král leg. (NMPC); Elhe nursery, 12°18′56.7″N 54°43′14.7″E, 90 m, 19.vi.2009, 4 spec., L. Purchart leg. (2 spec. in NMPC, 2 spec. in CBAD); Elhe nursery, 12°32′3969″N 54°04′4385″E, 19.vi.2009, 3 spec., V. Hula leg. (NMPC); Qualentiah env., slopes 5 km SE from Queysoh, 12°39.691′N 53°26.658′E, 4.–5.vi.2010, 1 spec., V. Hula & J. Niedobová leg. (NMPC); Deiqub cave env., 10.vi.2010, 1 spec., V. Hula & J. Niedobová leg. (NMPC); Zemhon, 12°32′17″N 54°04′12″E, 260–320 m, 20.vi.2009, 6 spec., L. Purchart leg. (3 spec. in NMPC, 3 spec. in CBAD); Wadi Ayhaft, 12°36.5′N 53°58.9′E, 200 m, 7.–8.xi.2010, 3 spec., J. Hájek leg. (2 spec. in NMPC, 1 spec. in CBAD); same data, 5 spec., J. Bezděk leg. (JBCB);Aloove area, Hasan vill. env., 12°31.2′N 54°07.4′E, 221 m, 9.–10.xi.2010, 3 spec., J. Hájek leg. (NMPC); same data, 5 spec., J. Bezděk leg. (JBCB); Noged Plain (sand dunes), Sharet Halma vill. env., 12°21.9′N 54°05.03′E, 20 m, 10.–11.xi.2010, 1 spec., J. Bezděk leg. (CBAD); Delisha vill. env., Jatropha unicostata shrubland, 12°41.2′N 54°07.7′E, 36 m, at light, 8.vi.2012, 3 spec., J. Bezděk, J.Hájek, V.Hula, P.Kment, I.Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart leg. (NMPC); Homhil Protected Area, open woodland with Boswellia & Dracaena trees, 12°34.5′N 54°18.5′E, 360–500 m, 10.–11.vi.2012, 3 spec., J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula, P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart leg. (NMPC); Homhil Protected area, Ain Tsahrin spring, 12°34.2′N 54°18.5′E, 435 m, 11.vi.2012, 11 spec, J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula, P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart leg. (NMPC); Aloove area, Aloove vill. env., Jatropha unicostata shrubland with Boswellia elongate trees, 12°31.2′N 54°07.4′E, 221 m, 19.–20.vi.2012, 15 spec., J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula, P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart leg. (NMPC); Dixam plateau, Firmihin, Dracaena woodland, 12°28.6′N, 54°01.1′E, 490 m, 14.–15.vi.2012, 2 spec., J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula, P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart leg. (NMPC). Distribution. Restricted to Algeria, Egypt, Erithrea, Somalia, and Sudan. First record from Socotra Island. The mention of C. sudanensis in the United Arab Emirates (DELOBEL 2011) is erroneous and resulted from confusion with C. yemenensis Decelle, 1979. The latter is apparently absent from the African continent and Socotra Island. Comments. A species long confused with C. pallidus (Olivier, 1790). The different vaginal sclerites of C. sudanensis are asymmetrical, and highly variable in size and shape, with irregular limits. There are usually four pairs of large sclerites (dorsal, anterolateral, anteroventral, posteroventral, see Figs. 5–6), and a pair of small rounded sclerites in posterolateral position, sometimes absent.A drawing of the vaginal sclerites of C. yemenensis, a closely related species, is provided for comparison (Fig. 7). As noted by YUS RAMOS (2010), the number of sclerite pairs in C. yemenensis is only three (dorsal, anterior ventrolateral and posteroventral). Larvae of C. sudanensis feed on the seeds of Senna alexandrina Mill. (Caesalpinioideae: Cassieae). In Socotra, Senna holosericea (Fresen.) Greuter is a common species, occurring on all sampled localities (P. Kment, pers. comm.). Cassieae are common in dry Sahelian areas of Africa and are hosts of several Caryedon species, such as C. cassiae (Gyllenhal, 1833), C. gonagra, and C. pallidus., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, 2012, Bruchinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Socotra Island, pp. 373-380 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 on pages 377-378, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5339503, {"references":["DELOBEL A. 2011: Order Coleoptera, family Chrysomelidae Subfamily Bruchinae. Pp. 274 - 285. In: HARTEN A. VAN (ed.): Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Volume 4. Multiply Marketing Consultancy Services, Abu Dhabi, 816 pp.","YUS RAMOS R. 2010: Los Caryedontini de la Peninsula Arabia (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 47: 341 - 347."]}

Our understanding of the evolution of host-plant associations in phytophagous insects has greatly benefited from the recent and continuous development of molecular phylogenetics studies. It was also the case for seed-beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), as numerous studies based on molecular phylogenetics were published on this group in the last ten years. In this paper, we have used a supertree approach to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of nearly 200 species of seed-beetles. The resulting phylogenetic framework was used to investigate their systematics and host-plant association patterns. This supertree provides an interesting overview of the current state of knowledge in bruchine phylogenetic relationships and also underlines the likely paraphyletic condition of numerous bruchine groups. Regarding the evolution of host-plant associations, our analyses recover a clear trend toward conservatism in host-plant use at distinct taxonomic levels.