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En el contexto de toma de decisiones multicriterio y bajo ciertas circunstancias, puede ocurrir que no se pueda expresar una cierta valoración mediante una única etiqueta lingüística, ya que puede haber duda en esa valoración. En este trabajo, presentamos un modelo de consenso para problemas de toma de decisiones en grupo con relaciones de preferencia intervalares lingüísticas. Este modelo está basado en dos criterios de consenso, una medida de consenso y una de proximidad, y en el concepto de coincidencia entre preferencias. Calcularemos ambos criterios en los tres niveles de representación de una relación de preferencia y diseñaremos un mecanismo de realimentación automático para guiar a los expertos en el proceso para alcanzar el consenso. || In some circumstances a decision maker, expert, in a group decision making problem cannot express his/her preferences with a unique linguistic fuzzy preference because he/she is dubious into some preferences. In this paper, we present a consensus model for group decision making problems with interval fuzzy preference relations. This model is based on two consensus criteria, a consensus measure and a proximity measure, and on the concept of co- incidence among preferences. We compute both consensus criteria in the three representation levels of a preference relation and design an automatic feedback mechanism to guide experts in the consensus reaching process.

Legislative initiatives regarding universal accessibility promote the elimination of architectural barriers. This is a positive measure as it aims to ensure equal rights and opportunities for disabled people, in accordance with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (United Nations, 2006). One of the challenges facing society today is the determination of reasonable accommodation, a concept that encompasses those necessary modifications and adjustments which do not impose a disproportionate burden. For this purpose, technical, economic and social aspects shall be taken into consideration, as required by legislation. This paper proposes reasonable accommodation in residential buildings, taking into account the different options for its attainment, by applying a multi-criteria analysis based on a wide range of objective indicators of three types: technical, social and economic. This proposal was one of the objectives of the R + D + i Project called "VIVable-From accessible housing to sustainable housing: The essence of reasonable accommodation". From VIVable, the fuzzy multi-criteria assessment method for determining reasonable accommodation may be totally extrapolated to other uses. At the same time, the proposed method may also be extrapolated to other countries where basic requirements for universal accessibility in buildings and equal rights of persons with disabilities are standardized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of urban solid waste is a growing priority both in large cities and in rural settings, and in developed and developing countries. Many factors can influence the type and amount of waste generated, including population density, level of industrialisation, quality of life of households, type of area (urban/rural) and local climate. In this paper, we introduce an index of solid waste recycling over a ten-year period and examine the influence of several such factors on this index. A descriptive and spatial analysis reveals significant differences by region; thus, the values of the recycling indicators are higher in northern Spain than in the south. In this respect, a clear progression was observed during the study decade. Using panel data analysis, a balanced model with fixed effects is fitted to explain the waste recycling index, and the factors that significantly influence this index are identified. The method presented in this paper could subsequently be extrapolated for application to other areas or regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of noise levels in the home is of increasing interest for reasons of health and psychological well-being, among others. This study analyses in detail the meta-data compiled in the Spanish Census of Population and Housing, which provided data on a large number of environmental variables, including noise pollution in the home. A geostatistical study is conducted from the data provided by the latter survey, in which spatial autocorrelation is measured by analytical techniques by using R statistical software and the ESRI geographic information system. We study the empirical variogram, analize different theoretical models (gaussian, exponential and spherical) and estimate the parameters from different perspectives: constant or linear trend, weighted least squares, maximum likelihood and restricted maximum likelihood. The noise level is estimated through the kriging interpolation technique, using the different parameters of each model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimal development and survival of certain animal and plant species has sometimes been used as a sustainability indicator regarding environmental health or quality in a given territory. In this sense, the number of endemic species is an important indicator of proper environmental conservation. In this paper we study the relationship between the number of endemic plants and certain environmental variables related to human and economic development in various European countries. A statistical study was carried out using spatial analysis techniques to establish an explanatory model of the number of plant species endemic to each country analyzed and to provide an overview of the information recorded in the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the influence of environmental factors and human activities on fire occurrence in rural areas is of considerable interest in order to facilitate effective prevention strategies. The newly named Natural Area of Sierra Nevada (both a National and Natural Park) is one of the larger areas of environmental and tourism interest in Spain and includes, among other areas, much of Granada Alpujarra and Almer'a Alpujarra and the outskirts of the principal ski resort. These areas receive each year thousands of visitors of different kinds (sports, cultural, etc.) which, together with other factors, clearly influence the impact and the possibility of fire occurrence. This paper presents a selection of the factors which have the greatest influence on the probability of a fire occurrence and uses a multivariate statistical technique that considers as influential variables several selected factors of environmental type, factors of human type, factors of land holdings type, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]