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As land use intensifies globally, it increasingly exerts pressure on protected areas. Despite open, nonforested landscapes comprising up to 40% of protected areas globally, assessments have predominately focused on forests, overlooking the major pressures on rangelands from livestock overgrazing and land conversion. Across the southern Caucasus, a biodiversity hotspot extending over 5 countries, we conducted a broadscale assessment of the extent to which protected areas mitigate land‐use pressure on rangelands in them. Using satellite‐based indicators of rangeland vegetation greenness from 1988 to 2019, we assessed the effectiveness of 52 protected areas. This period encompassed the collapse of the Soviet Union, economic crises, armed conflicts, and a major expansion of the protected area network. We applied matching statistics combined with fixed‐effects panel regressions to quantify the effectiveness of protected areas in curbing degradation as indicated by green vegetation loss. Protected areas were, overall, largely ineffective. Green vegetation loss was higher inside than outside protected areas in most countries, except for Georgia and Turkey. Multiple‐use protected areas (IUCN categories IV–VI) were even more ineffective in reducing vegetation loss than strictly protected areas (I & II), highlighting the need for better aligning conservation and development targets in these areas. Mapping >10,000 livestock corrals from satellite images showed that protected areas with a relatively high density of livestock corrals had markedly high green vegetation loss. Ineffectiveness appeared driven by livestock overgrazing. Our key finding was that protected areas did not curb rangeland degradation in the Caucasus. This situation is likely emblematic of many regions worldwide, which highlights the need to incorporate degradation and nonforest ecosystems into effectiveness assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El suelo es el elemento principal para la salud de agroecosistemas, sin embargo, las actividades agrícolas han alterado las propiedades del suelo, afectándose la calidad del recurso natural no renovable. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar el efecto antropogénico del manejo agrícola en las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológica del suelo en sistemas de producción de la granja Santa Inés, para ello, fueron seleccionados de forma aleatoria puntos permanentes de muestreo en cinco agroecosistemas (cacao, banano, maíz, pastos y bosque) pertenecientes a la granja Santa Inés. El efecto antropogénico en la agricultura ha transformado significativamente las propiedades del suelo, causado por el uso intensivo de labranza agrícola, fertilizantes y pesticidas los que han provocado cambios notables en la densidad aparente, porosidad, contenido de arena, arcilla y nutrientes. Las modificaciones ocurridas en las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológica del suelo Inceptisol reflejan la influencia directa de las prácticas agrícolas en la degradación del suelo y su capacidad para mantener cosechas sostenibles.

The impacts of climate change and soil erosion are significantly affecting agriculture in non-developed countries. In Mali, a country located in Western Africa, there is a drastic reduction in available fertile arable lands and water scarcity, which is damaging rural communities and affecting the development of vital infrastructures, consequently, decreasing people's incomes. There is a lack of information about the perception of these challenges among the small rural communities and the possible adaptation strategies can be applied. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine local farmer perceptions of climate change, soil erosion, and adaptation strategies conducting a survey among 200 farmers in 10 villages within the rural municipality of Méguétan, serving as a representative study case. Our results showed that farmers are aware of the challenges related to climate change and soil erosion and are willing to adopt some measures but conditioned by a range of traditional techniques. The most common strategies are: changing the sowing calendar, diversifying crops, using resistant varieties, having an alternative income, and following weather forecasts on the radio. Stone rows remain the most widely adopted technique to reduce soil erosion, with a knowledge rate of 88% and an application about 29%. The study also highlighted the increasing vulnerability of farmers to climate change and soil erosion due to insufficient material and financial resources. We conclude policies should pay attention to services and partners that invest more funds in technical assistance to strengthen adaptation strategies and teach the population, considering nature-based solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Oued Sra basin is part of the Central Rif in northern Morocco; It constitutes a fragile environment where soil degradation is spectacular. The objective of the present work is to study the impacts of cannabis cultivation on the physicochemical properties of soils, their surface characteristics, as well as their hydrodynamic behaviors during different seasons. The study is based on analyzes of the physicochemical properties of the surface horizons of the soil (0-25 cm), based on the choice of control plots under forest and other plots cleared and put into cannabis cultivation for 10 yrs. The surface condition of the plots concerned was verified in the field, using the quadrat point method. The hydrodynamic behavior of the soil and detachability were measured using a mini-ramp rain simulator on micro-plots (1m2). The obtained results show that the soils reach very advanced levels of degradation; marked by a significant reduction in fertility and a predominance of bare (90%) and closed (71%) surface states on cleared land used for cannabis cultivation. On these lands, cleared for at least ten years, fertilizers inputs are mainly chemical fertilizers applied intensively. The rotations practiced are twice a year, due to the scarcity of available agricultural land, population growth and the financial gain brought by cannabis cultivation. Likewise, the simulation tests result in maximum final infiltration values recorded on cereal growing land (67.20 mm/h); while land intended for cannabis cultivation recorded low values (43.12 mm/h). Consequently, the maximum averages of solid transport are recorded in the cannabis growing lands (98.87 g/l) but the cereal growing lands are marked by low values (26.64 g/l). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Didasc@lia: Didáctica y Educación is the property of Universitaria de Las Tunas, Centro de Estudios de Didactica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Most Indian cities restrict access to green spaces due to the fast growth of urban gray spaces. The dynamic convergences of these two spaces could enhance city-level land degradation. This issue is rarely studied in Indian cities, however. This study seeks to examine the interactive nature of urban green (V) and gray (U) spaces and to model land degradation susceptibility (LDS) in Balurghat City, India. Decade-wise remote sensing data are analyzed to understand city statutory level transformation, alteration of different land-use types, and city grid-level U–V interaction scenarios. Identified LDS parameters such as soil organic carbon content (SOCC), land productivity dynamics (LPD), vegetation dynamics (Vdynamics), and urban developed land dynamics (Udynamics) are modeled using the analytical hierarchy process method. The structural equation model evaluates the current model fitting. Results show a steady increase in U concentration conversion per grid (by reducing V) from 2000 to 2020, suggesting the dynamic situation of U and V in the city. The model-fitting statistics show that the SOCC strongly influences LDS, followed by Vdynamics, Udynamics, and LPD. The significance of this study remains in its methodological framework, identified city-level LDS drivers, and approaches to evaluate urban V and U in a spatiotemporal frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El contenido de materia orgánica es un indicador clave de calidad del suelo y almacén de carbono orgánico importante en los sistemas agrícolas. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar las variaciones en el contenido de MO en agroecosistemas bajo cultivos de ciclo corto y semiperennes, y su relación con algunas propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo en la granja Santa Inés, Machala, El Oro, Ecuador. Se seleccionaron agroecosistemas de maíz, banano y cacao, donde se tomaron muestran de suelo de 1 kg a una profundidad de 0-30 cm. En laboratorio de suelos se realizaron determinaciones de materia orgánica, contenido de arcilla, limo y arena, capacidad de intercambio catiónico, pH, nitrógeno total, fosforo, potasio, calcio y magnesio. Mediante el coeficiente de correlación lineal de Pearson y regresión lineal por el método de mínimos cuadrados se estableció la correlación de la MOS con algunas propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo. Se demostró efecto significativo de uso intensivo y continuado del cultivo de maíz en la disminución de los contenidos de MOS en comparación con el banano y cacao. En el cultivo de maíz la MOS presenta correlación significativa positiva fuerte en relación con la CIC, N total, P y K del suelo.

This paper assessed soil degradation over different land uses in the Kebbi area, Northwestern Nigeria. The specific objectives entailed identifying major forms of soil loss in the study area, estimating soil loss and examining the responses of soil physico-chemical properties over dominant land use types. Slope angles were determined using a GPS, a handheld Abney level, ranging poles and a 30 m measuring tape while gully depths, widths and lengths were taken at 5 m-30 m intervals. Key soil physico-chemical parameters were determined using standard procedures. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were used to summarize the data generated from the study. The analysis of variance and the student's t-test was used to test for significant association between and within pairs of land uses. The results show that slopes range from 4° - 16°, while the magnitude of soil loss ranged between 3580.32 m³ in K1 (Kalgo 1), 3550.89 m³ in G2 (Goru 2) and 161.01 m³ in A1 (Angwar Daji 1). Results show significance at p= 0.05 in bulk density values over the different land uses with the highest bulk density value of 1.78 g/cm³ in badland and lowest value of 1.35 g/cm³ in plantation land use. Total nitrogen range between 0.01 - 0.38% with the least values in badland and scrubland, while soil base saturation is highest over plantation (76.3%) and lowest in badland (50.4%). The study concludes that the dominant geomorphic responses identified in the study area are gully initiation and development and a varying magnitude of soil degradation over the different land uses. The findings should facilitate policy initiation to rehabilitate degraded lands, adopt sustainable soil management practices such as tree planting while linking geomorphological information to infrastructural planning and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se realizó una investigación retrospectiva – prospectiva, para establecer un índice de calidad de los suelos (ICS) de la región de los Ríos (RR) en Tabasco, México y su modelación con la tecnología de infrarrojo cercano (NIR) y la quimiometría. Con la relación MO / (arcilla + limo) se estableció el ICS para evaluar los suelos Cambisoles de la RR. El porcentaje de MO y el ICS fueron comparados para definir el mejor calificador de la calidad de los suelos. Con base en el ICS, el 58% de los suelos de la RR presentan degradación, mientras que, solo el 14% de los suelos indican que presentan baja concentración de MO. Por lo que se concluye que el ICS es más sensible para cuantificar la degradación de los suelos cuando se comparó con la evaluación basada en la MO. Se recomienda un programa de manejo sostenible del suelo y prácticas edafológicas adaptadas a las condiciones locales, ambientales, sociales y económicas, para incrementar la MO y mejorar el ICS. Con el ICS se estableció un modelo de clasificación mediante espectroscopía de infrarrojo cercano y quimiometría. Se registraron los espectros de cada muestra de suelo y mediante interpretación quimiométrica se demostró que es posible establecer un modelo de análisis discriminante por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-DA) para predecir el ICS. El modelo cumple con todos los calificadores estadísticos y predice correctamente el ICS en el 100% de los casos. Se concluye que la tecnología NIR genera información suficiente para predecir el ICS; con la ventaja de, eliminar el consumo de reactivos, no se generan residuos de laboratorio, se reduce el tiempo de análisis a minutos y no se destruye la muestra en estudio. Y solo se necesita secar, moler y tamizar las muestras de suelos para evaluar la calidad estructural de suelos.

In this paper are studied two soil profiles from the soil map in scale 1:25 000 of the fluvial plain region Carrizal-Chone, in Manabi province, Ecuador. One of profiles is a soil fluvic Feozem by tree vegetation and the other is a fluvic eutric Cambisol by long time cultivated condition. It is studied the changes of the physical soil properties by the anthropogenic conditions, with changes in the soil structure, volume density, and the increasing of the dispersion factor. In this paper is demonstrated the change from a Feozem soil to a Cambisol soil because the long time cultivated action [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lograr la sostenibilidad de los suelos es la finalidad de muchos agricultores, en especial en suelos donde el cultivo del banano se realiza por muchos años de manera intensiva. Con este enfoque se estableció el concepto de calidad del suelo. Los objetivos fueron: analizar las propiedades fisicoquímicas de dos suelos bananeros y calcular sus respectivos índice de calidad del suelo. Se tabularon los registros de análisis de suelo y de ingresos neto por hectárea del 2015 al 2019 de las fincas bananeras Santa Bárbara y Kimberley, ubicadas en Machala (Ecuador). Los suelos se diferencian por altos niveles de arcilla en Santa Bárbara y de arena en Kimberley. En ambos suelos se identificó bajos niveles de materia orgánica, pero con valores en P, K, Ca, S, Mg y B que sobrepasan el nivel óptimo para el banano. El análisis de componentes principales permitió seleccionar seis indicadores (pH, MOS, Mg, Cu, Mn y B) en Santa Bárbara y de ocho (pH, MOS, P, K, S, Mg, Cu y Fe) en Kimberley. Los suelos obtuvieron un puntaje de 0,33 (Santa Bárbara) y de 0,24 (Kimberley) que representan suelos bueno y regular, respectivamente.

The French-line Discourse Analysis (DA) and the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) support this study, which examines a journalistic statement about the effects of soil erosion on agricultural production. The intention is to investigate how a news about a typical problem in the rural and/or environmental universe produces meanings for interlocutors without links to agribusiness. The statement shows signs of polyphony, silencing and didacticity, which demarcate the conditions of text production, identify endo/exogroups, in addition to determining a line of reading, among many other possible ones. The analysis concludes that this discourse does not connect the problem of soil degradation to the final consumer. The meaning is interrupted in the rural production link, as if the effects of soil degradation suffered a discontinuity, without affecting items that are consumed by urban inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Terra Latinoamericana is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To assess soil fertility after it has been managed, or to monitor the evolution of its properties when subjected to the impact of some improvement measure, it is necessary to take into consideration physical analysis. Although structure is one of the properties most sensitive to changes, N. I. Savvinov method does not provide precise information related to results of its analysis and soil aggregation state. The present work aim was to evaluate and establish an indicator calibration of structural stability and their relation to the weighted average diameter of aggregates in different soils. To establish the indicator calibration, 161 samples from the cultivable horizon of different types of soils were analyzed. Soils under pasture and forest showed the best indicators of structural stability and a weighted average diameter of their aggregates more favorable for crop development; while those intended for intensive agricultural production showed values indicative of their structure degradation and the prevalence of diameters in their aggregates that affect the proper functioning of soils, so that from results a more accurate interpretation can be made regarding structural stability behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water erosion is the main land degradation process worldwide and in Cuba it is the most widespread, with more than 43.3% of the agricultural area between strongly and moderately eroded. The objective of this work was to determine the erosivity of the rains in the Tierra Brava Farm located in the sub-basin 1 of the Los Palacios River, from the pluviometric records for the period (1999-2018) of the representative station of the"Paso Real de San Diego", taking into account climate variability, land cover, and soil and water conservation measures. 90% of the recorded monthly rainfall events were erosive and the erosivity evaluation through the monthly erosivity indices (Rm) and the modified Fournier index (IMF), maintain a significant correlation with monthly rainfall (y = 7.224x -239.7 R² = 0.977) (Y = 5.043x + 43.19 R² = 0.95), respectively, with values IFM higher than 160, which indicates a high aggressiveness of the precipitations. As a result of the analysis of each of the elements of the RUSLE model, it was concluded that in the area there is a moderate risk of soil degradation by erosion with values of 10.6 t ha-1 year-1 that increase to 17.7 t ha-1 year-1 when conservation measures are not taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En la Cooperativa de Producción Agropecuaria “Mártires de Barbados”, se realizó una investigación no experimental con el objetivo de estructurar un programa de acciones y alternativas de mejoras que mitiguen la erosión en dicha cooperativa, partiendo de los factores que condicionan pérdidas en este recurso. En el diseño de investigación se emplearon métodos teóricos y prácticos, entre los que destacan revisión documental, encuestas, entrevistas, trabajo en grupo como el taller de sensibilización y mediciones de campo, con el fin de analizar el comportamiento de variables climáticas que inciden de forma directa en las pérdidas de suelo por erosión hídrica fundamentalmente. Como resultados fundamentales se identificaron las afectaciones de los procesos erosivos que muestran los suelos de uso agrícola en la cooperativa objeto de estudio, se seleccionaron las variables que se consideran asociadas a la erosividad (fuerzas activas) y erodabilidad (fuerzas resistentes) del suelo, así como, los factores de variación relacionados con el relieve, el uso y el manejo del suelo para evaluar la pérdida de suelo y se identificaron las principales acciones y alternativas de mejoras que mitiguen la erosión y garanticen la sostenibilidad productiva de suelos de la cooperativa. Como principal conclusión destaca que, el Programa de acciones y alternativas de mejoras para mitigar la erosión de suelos elaborado para la cooperativa objeto de estudio, es adecuado a los propósitos para los que se propone y su implementación lo convertirá en herramienta eficaz para el manejo del suelo, de cultivo y el clima, con énfasis en la erosión hídrica.

Introducción. La palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis) es uno de los monocultivos perennes que se ha extendido a casi un poco más de diecinueve millones de hectáreas en el mundo, su expansión ha generado debate social, económico y político en diversos países tropicales. Una de las problemáticas que se ha discutido, es el impacto sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas, biológicas y ecológicas del suelo. Objetivo. (i) Ofrecer un panorama actual de la expansión del cultivo de palma de aceite para una zona de la región Soconusco, Chiapas, México, (ii) documentar los efectos que provoca la palma de aceite sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas y biológicas del suelo y (iii) presentar algunas propuestas de prácticas de manejo para incrementar la fertilidad y la abundancia de macroinvertebrados del suelo. Desarrollo. Se realizó la búsqueda de palabras clave en el apartado de “tópicos” dentro de la base de datos “Web of Science” del año 2009 hasta marzo del 2018. Se consultaron investigaciones que relacionan el cultivo de la palma de aceite con los parámetros físicos, químicos y biológicos del suelo. La literatura demuestra los efectos negativos que genera el monocultivo de palma de aceite sobre algunas propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo y sobre la ecología y biología de la macrofauna edáfica. Conclusión. Se muestra evidencia de que el mal manejo del monocultivo de la palma de aceite tiene implicaciones ambientales. La integración de buenas prácticas de manejo sostenibles, podrían mitigar los daños al suelo.

Abandoned lands occupy extensive territories in some Spanish regions, particularly in mountain areas and semiarid environments. These lands originate very diverse landscapes depending on the climatic conditions, the age of abandonment, the management before and after abandonment, and the disturbances that they suffer during the post-abandoned process. These factors condition the plant succession and soil properties, producing contrasted ecosystems and landscapes, like forests, shrublands, grasslands and almost bare soils. This study reviews the current knowledge about land abandonment in Spain, with special reference to the spatial and temporal process of abandonment, the factors that originate different ecosystems, and landscapes in abandoned lands, and the implications of these factors in the provision of ecosystem services to society. Depending on the landscape generated and its management, different services would be provided, such as the quality and quantity of water resources, soil protection, carbon sequestration, levels of biodiversity, prevention and control of forest fires, pastoral resources, landscape aesthetics, and even the possibilities of securing population in the rural environment through extensive land uses.

The knowledge of the dynamics of nutrient loss due to the severity of wind storms may contribute to understand their mechanisms and predict the effect of extreme events expected to increase due to global warming. So, our objective was to quantify the concentration of organic carbon (CO), total nitrogen (NT) and total phosphorus (PT) in the eroded sediment, their relative enrichment ratios and the change in the concentration of these chemical species on the soil surface after wind erosion simulations with a wind tunnel using contrasting speeds and durations. For this, in an Entic Haplustoll we simulated two wind speeds: 10 and 20 m s-1 and two durations: 1 and 3 min. We analysed the horizontal mass flow, the sediment concentration of NT, CO, and PT, the sediment enrichment ratios (RE), and surface concentration changes before and after the simulations. The sediments had a higher concentration of NT in the lowest velocity and of PT in the lowest velocity and longest duration. However, the effect of the speed and duration of the events on the enrichment ratios and the change in surface concentrations before and after the simulations, did not determine a selective removal of CO, NT and PT. Although the enrichment ratios of these chemical species were higher at low speeds, it was observed that at high speeds and short durations, the sediment is depleted in PT (RE<1), with higher concentrations in the soil surface after the events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic amplification takes decades of study. For example, as a result of the 1960 earthquake, the soil and drift displacement amplification were characterized for Concepción city (Poblete and Dobry, 1968). However, the 2010 El Maule earthquake surprisingly delivered a twopeak spectrum for the site. The peak of high periods is attributed to the site, while for low periods to the source. The study of the displacement records of the Concepción Centro and San Pedro de la Paz stations identifies two pulses for this event (Ruiz and Saragoni, 2012). The characteristics of these pulses and their frequencies are related mainly to Love-type surface waves. The foundation soils of the stations are made up of sands, whose cyclical horizontal deformations allow estimating their rigidity degradation; and theoretically an increase in their vibrating periods. This prediction is validated by examining the shift registers and acceleration spectrograms for the stations. The deformations and periods vary their magnitudes throughout the record. The period of the degraded soil in the strong phase of the earthquake can be related to the period measured by the H/V method. The estimated period with the "Autocorrelogram" technique (Sandoval and Saragoni, 2016) can also be understood as an average of the previous ones. This gives access to evaluation of the period of the soil in different phases or magnitudes of earthquakes, useful in seismic hazard studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Ejido La Gavia, in the municipality of Almoloya de Juárez, State of Mexico, the soils dedicated to maize cultivation and cattle grazing show high levels of erosion. Therefore, it is convenient to estimate the soil erosion rate of crops in the sub-basin with the use of tracers. The hypothesis of this study was that the annual erosion rate (Mg ha-1 y-1) on the degraded slope of the Ejido La Gavia can exceed the maximum permitted limits of erosion for this type of agricultural soils. The objective of this study was to quantify the annual erosion rate in a maize plot and a degraded slope of the Ejido, and to identify the deposit areas of the radioactive isotope Cesium-137 (137Cs). The soil sampling of the degraded slope was made in four transects with ten samples in each one, obtaining a total of 40 soil samples. Five reference sites were included, out of which the 137Cs profile was measured at 50 cm depth. At the reference site, the maximum value found was 6.8 Bq kg-1 at a depth of 10 cm, with 96 % of the 137Cs content observed in the first 20 cm of the soil profile. The inventory of 137Cs on the study slope was between 10.2 and 535.1 Bq m-2, which was lower than that found in the selected reference site of 584.3 Bq m-2. The mass balance model 2 was used, obtaining a soil loss rate with values of - 23.5, - 27.5, - 20.9, and - 22.0 Mg ha-1 y-1. Soil erosion rates in the study four site transects far exceeded the permissible limit of 6.7 Mg ha-1 y-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Agricolas is the property of University of Narino, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Integrating cover crops (CC) in the crop sequence could lead to an enhancement of the notillage (NT) performance improving soil physical quality (SPQ). The objectives of this work were: i- to determine the SPQ on different moments of the crop cycle during the first year after incorporation of cover cropping (barley and vetch) (CC), as compared with bare fallow (BF); and ii- to measure the impact of cover crops on the top soil water content during the first year of its introduction. SPQ indicators were determined from the soil water retention curve (SWRC) and in-situ infiltration data in different dates during the first year after inclusion of CC. The experiment was carried out in a fine, illitic, thermic abruptic Argiudoll. For both treatments, maize was sown as summer crop. CC management showed higher values of plant available water content (PAWC) and Dexter index (S), and lower values of bulk density (BD) as compared with BF. Higher values of field capacity (FC) under CC were observed during the maize growing season. On the other hand, no differences between treatments were observed for Pmac. These results show that the inclusion of CC under NT management improves the soil capacity to retain water and counteract compaction processes under NT. At the end of the crop cycle, higher values of water-conducting macroporosity (εma) and macropore connectivity (Cwma) were observed under CC. Higher values of soil water content during the maize growing period were observed under CC, showing that the inclusion of CC has no negative effects on the top soil water content. Our results show that the inclusion of CC is an opportunity for intensify crop sequences in the Argentinean Pampas Region, oriented to enhance the performance of NT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica is the property of Universidad de la Rioja, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gestión y Ambiente is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La restauración de tierras forestales requiere datos relacionados con el número de plántulas producidas y el nivel de degradación del suelo. Los tomadores de decisiones necesitan saber cuáles son los esfuerzos del programa nacional de reforestación como impulsor de la restauración de ecosistemas en México. Para evaluar el potencial de restauración de los bosques de coníferas y reducir la degradación de tierra en Zonas de Movimiento de Germoplasma (ZMG), se compararon zonas prioritarias para la restauración con los esfuerzos de reforestación más efectivos: porcentaje de sobrevivencia de plántulas plantadas, número de viveros (N), unidades de producción de germoplasma (UPG) y bancos de germoplasma (BG); para ello, se usó la base de datos de la Conafor correspondiente al periodo de 2016 a 2018. Se determinó que 27 ZMG tenían tierras forestales como áreas prioritarias: 7 418 975.30 ha de baja producción y 9 389 577.70 ha de degradación media y baja. De acuerdo con las variables utilizadas en el análisis comparativo, se identificaron ocho ZMG (XII.4, XII.5, X.3, X.2, XII.1, V.3, XII.2 y XV.1) como zonas de mayor potencial para la restauración, debido a que sus áreas prioritarias podrían ser reforestadas totalmente con especies de Pinus y Abies.

El establecimiento de ganadería en el noroccidente de la Amazonia colombiana disminuye los macronutrientes en el suelo y afecta los sistemas productivos. El objetivo del estudio fue obtener información de diagnóstico sobre la concentración de los macronutrientes del suelo en lomerío sometidos a pastoreo en nueve municipios del departamento de Caquetá. Se realizaron 463 muestreos de suelo al azar para determinar la concentración en mg/kg de nitrato (N-NO3), fósforo (P), potasio (K), calcio (Ca), magnesio (Mg) y azufre (S). Se realizaron análisis de varianza (Anova) y se compararon las medias mediante la prueba de Tukey (p

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la calidad de suelos mediante índices de calidad constituidos por tres conjuntos mínimos de datos (tres, cinco y seis indicadores), en cinco agroecosistemas con cultivo de café (Coffea arabica) orgánico, guatila o chayote (Sechium edule), policultivo (Anthurium andraeanum, Manihot esculenta, Musa balbisiana o Zea mays), pastizal convencional (Pennisetum clandestinum y Cynodon dactylon) y Guaduales (Guadua angustifolia), en el municipio de Cachipay (Cundinamarca). Durante el muestreo se seleccionaron aleatoriamente dos áreas representativas para cada agroecosistema y se delimitaron dos cuadrantes (2.5 × 2.5 m) de los que se tomaron dos muestras compuestas de suelo (20 submuestras; profundidad de 0-15 cm). Se evidenció que independiente del conjunto mínimo de datos empleado, los menores índices de calidad de suelos lo presentaron el pastizal convencional y el cultivo de guatila. Los valores mayores del índice de calidad correspondieron al policultivo, guaduales y cultivo de café. Se concluye que el uso de variables como la densidad aparente, el índice de estabilidad, el pH, la actividad deshidrogenasa, el recuento de heterótrofos y las bacterias solubilizadoras de fosfato son indicadores relevantes que permiten evaluar adecuadamente la calidad edáfica en agroecosistemas.

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Copyright of Collectivus. Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Universidad del Atlantico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En los últimos 15 años se viene planteando en Cuba que el proceso de degradación de los suelos por acidificación ocurre con cierta intensidad. Se plantea que el 40% del territorio está afectado por este proceso y se pronostica que hay un incremento del mismo de 2,9% anualmente. Además, que con la erosión se acidifican los suelos. En este trabajo se demuestra que la acidificación por erosión solamente ocurre en Cuba en los suelos del Agrupamiento Alítico, ya que el horizonte B tiene un contenido alto en aluminio cambiable y pH igual o menor de 4,5. Pero estos suelos son poco extensivos en Cuba donde ocupan solamente 5% del territorio nacional. El principal objetivo lo constituye el demostrar que en los suelos del Agrupamiento Pardos Sialíticos (que son los más extensivos de Cuba, 21% del territorio), aumenta el pH en profundidad, por lo que cuando se erosionan no se acidifican, sino que aumenta el pH. Estos resultados demuestran que el proceso de acidificación tan intenso para los suelos de Cuba, como se plantea en algunos trabajos, no ocurre realmente. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the soil quality through quality indexes consisting of three minimum data sets (3, 5 and 6 indicators) in five agroecosystems with organic coffee (Coffea arabica), guatila or chayote (Sechium edule), polyculture (Anthurium andraeanum, Manihot esculenta, Musa balbisiana o Zea mays), conventional pasture (Pennisetum clandestinum y Cynodon dactylon) and Guadua (Guadua angustifolia), in the municipality of Cachipay (Cundinamarca). During the sampling, two representative areas were randomly selected for each agroecosystem and two quadrants (2.5 x 2.5 m) were delimited, from which two composite samples of soil were taken (20 subsamples, depth of 0-15 cm). It was evidenced that independent of the minimum set of data used, the lowest soil quality indexes were presented by the conventional pasture and the guatila culture. The highest values of the quality index corresponded to polyculture, forest and organic coffee cultivation. In conclusion, the use of variables such as bulk density, stability index, pH, dehydrogenase activity, heterotrophic density and solubilized phosphate bacteria are important indicators to measure the soil quality in agroecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La preservación del suelo resulta prioritaria para todos los sectores de la sociedad, porque su deterioro repercute adversamente sobre otros componentes de la naturaleza y sobre los grupos sociales que necesitan del suelo. Por eso, es importante mantener la calidad y salud del suelo, para que la sociedad pueda garantizar su seguridad alimentaria y disfrutar de los servicios ecosistémicos que presta este recurso natural. En este artículo se revisan los conceptos centrales que buscan explicar las relaciones del suelo con la naturaleza y con las personas.

The present study sought to analyze the interrelation between the practical knowledges of the farmers of the quilombola community of Cupira, semiarid of the state of Pernambuco, with the process of salinity of the soils. For the development of this study, the ethnopedology, elements of social cartography and the chemical analysis of soil samples, collected on farmers' indication, were used as a methodological basis. The results indicate that most farmers recognize easily the occurrence of the salinity process, as well, as impacts on soil structure in the agricultural production. It is concluded that the farmers present practical knowledges to recognize the process of salinity and also, the practices that collaborate for the development of the accumulation of salts, nevertheless, it was verified the need for the sum of technical scientific knowledge and the aid of public policies to solve and avoid problems arising from salinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Debido a la poca disponibilidad de información a nivel mundial y de manera acentuada en México del fenómeno de erosión de suelos; en este trabajo se presenta el Mapa Nacional de Erosión escala 1:50 000, el cual consolida un esfuerzo realizado por varios años en los que fue necesario conjuntar diversas fuentes de información para que mediante técnicas de fotointerpretación de imágenes de satélite de alta resolución, cartografía especializada e información de campo se concretara este producto, mismo que representa la información básica requerida para que, en el futuro, sea posible estimar de manera general las pérdidas de carbono orgánico del suelo debidas a éste fenómeno, dado que es uno de los componentes menos estudiados y, por consiguiente, menos cuantificados en el balance general de este elemento. Así, este primer resultado muestra que el 76% de la superficie nacional tiene algún grado de afectación por erosión hídrica, que corresponde a 6.79% con un grado de erosión extrema, el 5.79% fuerte, 26.37% moderada y 37.06% leve. Los estados más afectados por erosión apreciable (superficie relativa) son: Distrito Federal, Tlaxcala, Estado de México y Michoacán y, por el contrario, los menos afectados: Tabasco, Quintana Roo y Campeche.

The Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) is one of the most important issue nowadays in Soil Science from two points of view. One of them is the reserves of SOC in soils in relation with climate change and the other is in relation with other soil properties because its conditions dependent of SOC content, to have high SOC content that improve other soil properties as volume density, porosity, biological activity and others. In Manabí, Ecuador there are few and disperse results about this thematic, practically there are no results in the northern coast part of the province. So that, in soil investigations that are making in the Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí (ESPAM), in the last five years, in the Carrizal-Chone System. In this region there are four Referential Soil Groups, Feozems (Mollisols), Fluvisols (Fluvents), Cambisols (Inceptisols) and Gleysols (Aquents). The nature soil formation in this region is Feozem and Fluvisols, the Cambisols are formed by degradation from the Feozems because its cultivation during many years. The Feozems has the higher content of SOC reserves, 52 mg ha-1, in the 0-30 cm layer of the upper part of soil profile. Fluvisols, Cambisols and Gleysols have a medium content (32-36 mg ha-1) of SOC reserves. There are also in this paper some recommendations to continue this studies in the region. That permit management technology in agricultural production that improves soils and keed good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Este documento analiza las acciones y percepciones de la sociedad respecto a la naturaleza, valora la opción que se abre desde la ecología humana, y señala la contraposición que ocurre entre lo económico y la naturaleza. Respecto al suelo, destaca su posición en los ámbitos natural y social y menciona las razones y opciones que hoy surgen para protegerlo y conservarlo.

La erosión del suelo es una de las formas más agresivas de degradación de las tierras de cultivo y de cualquier otro uso. La región del Altiplano del estado de Tamaulipas, México, es un territorio semiárido ubicado al poniente de la Sierra Madre Oriental que presenta severos problemas de erosión. En la presente investigación se evaluó la erosión remontante en cárcavas, ocurrida en dos suelos agrícolas (Chihue y Alamar) del ejido San Antonio municipio de Jaumave, por medio de imágenes de satélite, utilizando el programa Arc Explorer 2 MR. Para estimar la erosión ocurrida durante el periodo de 2003 a 2010 se utilizaron imágenes de satélite de los años 2003 y 2006 así como las coordenadas geográficas de las cabeceras de las cárcavas, obtenidas in situ por medición directa sobre el terreno, en 2010. Las cárcavas en estudio crecieron en longitud 46.0 m en el sitio Chihue y 38.2 m en el sitio Alamar, lo que provocó una severa pérdida de suelo del orden de 7299.8 Mg y 2620.5 Mg respectivamente en esos siete años. Estas cantidades representan 1042.8 Mg de pérdida de suelo por erosión remontante cada año en la cabecera principal del primer sitio así como 374.4 Mg año-1 en el segundo sitio. El desgaste del suelo por erosión remontante en las tierras cultivadas del ejido San Antonio, fue superior a la tasa de erosión considerada como tolerable: 1.8 Mg ha-1 año-1.