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Problem Statement: Although there is progress in understanding the impact of obesity and Type 1 diabetes in children, are not fully understood whether these conditions are associated with cardiac autonomic modulation. Purpose: To evaluate the effects of the sedentary lifestyle in the HRV of children with DM 1 or obese. Approach: After performing the ethical procedures, we applied the International Questionnaire of Physical Activity (IPAQ - C), short version, adapted for children and adolescents. We selected male children aged 6 to 12 years, classified as eutrophic (n = 8), diabetic (n = 8) and / or obese (n = 8). They were then submitted to anthropometric and cardiometabolic evaluations and an aerobic capacity test (Shuttle Run Test). Subsequently, the children were submitted to the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) to record HRV in response to exercise. Results: The parameters of heart rate variability were reduced in DM 1 and obese when compared with eutrophic children (p <0.001). Analysis of heart rate variability in the time domain in the exercise of eutrophic, obese and DM1 children through the cardiac interval, standard deviation, variance and RMSSD were reduced in DM 1 and obese when compared to eutrophic children (p <0.001). The components of low and high frequency by the frequency domain at exercise were reduced in DM1 and obese when compared with eutrophic children (p <0.001). We found positive and significant moderate to very strong correlations between IPAQ and HRV parameters. We also observed moderate to strong correlation between obesity evaluated by Z-score and HRV. There was not correlations between glycemic control infer by Hb1Ac and HRV data. In addition, a very strong association was found between the IPAQ parameters and the cardiac vagal tone assessed by the RMSSD (p <0.0001). Conclusion: The level of physical activity showed a strong association with HRV, with lower levels in the obese and DM 1 group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute exercise increases the amount of circulating inflammatory cells and cytokines to maintain physiological homeostasis. However, it remains unclear how physical training regulates exercise-induced inflammation and performance. Here, we demonstrate that acute high intensity exercise promotes an inflammatory profile characterized by increased blood IL-6 levels, neutrophil migratory capacity, and leukocyte recruitment to skeletal muscle vessels. Moreover, we found that physical training amplified leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction induced by acute exercise in skeletal muscle vessels and diminished exercise-induced inflammation in skeletal muscle tissue. Furthermore, we verified that disruption of the gp-91 subunit of NADPH-oxidase inhibited exercise-induced leukocyte recruitment on skeletal muscle after training with enhanced exercise time until fatigue. In conclusion, the training was related to physical improvement and immune adaptations. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be related to mechanisms to limit aerobic performance and its absence decreases the inflammatory response elicited by exercise after training., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Barcellos, Gonçalves, Esteves de Oliveira, Guimarães, Queiroz-Junior, Resende, Russo, Coimbra, Silva, Teixeira, Rezende and Pinho.)