Search

Objectif : Les manifestations neurologiques et psychiatriques comptent parmi les atteintes viscérales les plus sévères et sont regroupées sous le terme général de « neurolupus ». Nous rapportons le cas d’un patient ayant présenté un accès psychotique aigue révélant un neurolupus. Observation : Patient de 21 ans, sans antécédents psychiatriques personnels ni familiaux connus suivi depuis janvier 2022 pour un LES hospitalisé à quelques reprises dans le service de rhumatologie dont la dernière remonte en juillet 2022. Il fut traité par de l’hydroxychloroquine et une corticothérapie à faible dose. Deux mois après sa dernière hospitalisation le patient a présenté des troubles cognitifs, un refus de s’alimenter et un ralentissement psychomoteur. L’examen psychiatrique notait une humeur labile, un mutisme, une insomnie de maintien, un syndrome confusionnel fait d’amimie, de regard figé, d’écholalie et de désorientation temporo-spatiale. L’exploration de la pensée a révélé un cours continu marqué par un délire passionnel à mécanisme hallucinatoire. Ces hallucinations étaient auditives et visuelles en dehors de toute période confusionnelle « il y a des gens qui jouent et qui me demandent de danser et de chanter ». L’examen neurologique était sans particularité. L’imagerie par résonance magnétique cérébrale a objectivé une atrophie cortico sous corticale sévère. Le patient a bénéficié d’un bolus de corticoïdes pendant trois jours puis relayé par voie orale et de l’hydroxychloroquine. Sur le plan psychiatrique, le patient fut traité par du rispéridone comprimé. Conclusion : Le neurolupus chez les sujets jeunes de sexe masculin sont extrêmement rares posant véritablement problème de diagnostic différentiel dans notre contexte. Il doit être recherché systématiquement même en absence de signes neurologiques afin d’améliorer la prise en charge.

Introduction: Comparer les caractéristiques démographique, diagnostique, thérapeutique et évolutive de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde de l’homme et de la femme. Matériels et méthodes: Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale et comparative avec collecte de données rétrospectives allant du 1er janvier 2006 au 31 Octobre 2018 dans le service de rhumatologie du centre hospitalier universitaire de Bogodogo. Les données épidémiologiques, cliniques, paracliniques, thérapeutiques et évolutives ont été évaluées à l’aide d’un questionnaire à partir des dossiers médicaux des patients. Résultats: 120 patients ont été colligés dont 40 de genre masculin et 80 de genre féminin. L’âge moyen chez les hommes était de 53,33ans ± 15,431 contre 45,79ans ± 12,021 chez les femmes (p= 0,02). Quarante-sept femmes présentaient une atteinte articulaire initiale mixte contre 25 hommes (p=0,23). Un syndrome sec oculaire était noté chez (10%) des hommes contre (1,2%) des femmes (p=0,02). Les nodules rhumatoïdes ont été observés uniquement chez les hommes (2 cas) (p=0,04). L’échelle visuelle analogique (EVA) patient moyen était de 63 /100 chez les femmes et de 72/ 100 chez les hommes (p=0,01). Le DAS28 initial moyen était de 5,18 ± 1,39 chez les femmes et de 5,16 ± pour les hommes (p=0,94). Une carpite fusionnante était notée chez 8 femmes contre 12 hommes (p=0,02). Conclusion: Les caractéristiques cliniques de la PR étaient différentes dans les deux sexes avec un âge de survenue plus tardif, une EVA patient plus sévère ainsi qu’une prédominance des manifestations extra-articulaires chez l’homme.

Introduction: L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer la non-infériorité d'un corticostéroïde (CS) oral par rapport à un antiinflammatoire non stéroïdien (AINS) oral dans le traitement de la lombalgie et de la lomboradiculalgie dans le cadre d'un essai randomisé ouvert.

Introduction: l’arthrotabès désigne la destruction progressive et indolore des articulations dépourvues de leur innervation sensitive douloureuse et proprioceptive en rapport avec une infection syphilitique. Nous rapportons le cas d’une patiente qui a présenté une atteinte polyarticulaire, bilatérale et indolore des genoux, des pieds et des mains suite à un tabès arthropathique de Foix et Alajouanine. Observation: il s’agissait d’une patiente de 63 ans, sans antécédent pathologique connu, est hospitalisée pour une tuméfaction des genoux évoluant depuis 15 ans. L’examen rhumatologique notait : un genou valgum droit avec un recurvatum associé à une marche ataxique et une tuméfaction des genoux plus importante à droite mais sans signe inflammatoire, un choc rotulien bilatéral, une hyperlaxité ligamentaire latérale et médiale à gauche, un raccourcissement du membre pelvien droit de 7 cm par rapport au côté gauche. L’analyse du liquide articulaire notait un liquide stérile sans cristaux. La sérologie syphilitique était positive dans le sang mais n’a pas pu être réalisée dans le liquide articulaire et le liquide céphalorachidien. Les radiographies des genoux montraient une destruction du condyle fémoral avec une ostéolyse du plateau tibial associée à de multiples constructions osseuses avec présence de gros fragments intra-articulaires. Le diagnostic d’arthropathie tabétique a été retenu devant l’absence de notion de traumatisme, l’absence de diabète, l’absence de cristaux dans le liquide articulaire. La patiente a bénéficié de cure de pénicilline G puis relais par une cycline suite à une allergie à la pénicilline. Conclusion: maladie oubliée, l’arthrotabès doit être évoqué devant toute atteinte articulaire destructrice contrastant avec son indolence.

Introduction: Etudier la prévalence du syndrome métabolique chez les patients suivis en rhumatologie du centre hospitalier universitaire de Bogodogo (CHUB). Matériels et méthodes: Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive et analytique allant du 05 janvier au 31 juillet 2017 dans le service de rhumatologie du centre Hospitalier universitaire de Bogodogo. Le syndrome métabolique a été recherché selon la définition du NCEP/ATPIII 2005 Résultats: Cent quinze patients ont été inclus, représenté par 90 (78 ,3%) femmes et 25 (21,7%) hommes avec un sexratio de 0,28. L’âge moyen était de 50,48 ans avec des extrémités de 28 ans et 83 ans. Le syndrome métabolique (SM) était observé chez 55 (47,8%) patients dont 78,2% des femmes. Parmi eux 51 (92,7%) patients avaient un IMC supérieur ou égal à 25 kg/m2, la sédentarité était observée chez 35 (65,5%),11(20%) patients avaient un antécédent de diabète de type 2 et 27(49,1%) étaient hypertendus. Le syndrome métabolique était retrouvé chez 49(89,1 %) des patients présentant une pathologie mécanique et dégénérative et 6(11%) avec un rhumatisme inflammatoire chronique. La gonarthrose était présente chez21(38,2%), les lombalgies chez 22(40%), la pathologie abarticulaire chez 6(11%), la cervicalgie chez 3(5,4%) et la coxarthrose chez 1(1,8%) des patients ayant un syndrome métabolique. Conclusion: Le syndrome métabolique est fréquent chez les patients reçus en consultation de rhumatologie.

Introduction: décrire les aspects épidémiologiques et diagnostiques des cervicalgies à Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso. Matériels et méthodes: il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective sur dossiers menée du 1er mars 2006 au 30 mars 2011 dans le service de médecine interne du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo à Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso. Tous les patients reçus en consultation de rhumatologie pour une cervicalgie ou chez qui le diagnostic d’une atteinte du rachis cervical a été posé, ont été inclus. Tous les patients ont bénéficié d’une radiographie du rachis cervical. Le scanner du rachis cervical n’a pas été systématique. Résultats: cent soixante huit patients ont été inclus pendant la période de l’étude. Il s’agissait de 93 (55%) hommes et de 75 (45%) femmes soit un sex-ratio de 1,2. L’âge moyen des patients était de 45 ans. La durée moyenne d’évolution de la maladie était de 106 semaines. Les motifs de consultations ont été dominés par les cervicalgies isolées (147 cas ; 86,7%) suivi des craquements cervicaux (10 cas ; 6%). Les étiologies étaient représentées par : la cervicalgie commune (144 cas ; 85,7%), la myélopathie cervicarthrosique (16 cas ; 9,5%), l’angulaire de l’omoplate se manifestait par des cervicalgies dans 6 cas (3,5%). Le myélome multiple et la spondylarthrite ankylosante étaient observés dans respectivement dans un cas. Soixante dix patients (41,6%) avaient une co-morbidité ; celle-ci était dominée par l’hypertension artérielle (38 cas soit 54,3%) et le diabète sucré (19 cas soit 27,1%). Conclusion: la pathologie du rachis cervical a été dominée, à Ouagadougou, par les lésions dégénératives. L’impact du retentissement fonctionnel et psychologique mérite d’être étudié afin de mieux appréhender la qualité de vie des patients qui souffrent de cette affection.

Introduction: décrire les aspects diagnostiques et thérapeutiques de la coxarthrose. Matériels et méthodes: il s’agissait d’une étude transversale à partir d’une collecte rétrospective de dossiers de patients reçus entre le 1er janvier 2013 et le 31 décembre 2017. Les patients répondant aux critères de l’American College of Rheumatology (ACR) de la coxarthrose ont été inclus. Résultats: cinquante-cinq (55) patients ont été répertoriés. Le sex-ratio était de 1,1. L’âge moyen était de 41,49 ans. Les principaux facteurs de risque de la coxarthrose étaient dominés par l’ostéonécrose de la tête fémorale (52,3%) ; suivi de l’ostéoarthrite (22,7%), des traumatismes de la hanche (13,6%), les dysplasies de hanche (11,4%). La hanche droite était la plus touchée (38,2%). Les médicaments les plus prescrits étaient les antalgiques (90%) et les anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (54,5%). Le traitement chirurgical a consisté à la pose de prothèse totale de hanche (54,5%). Conclusion: la coxarthrose touche surtout l’adulte jeune de sexe masculin. Le facteur de risque majeur est l’ostéonécrose de la tête fémorale. Le traitement est surtout chirurgical et consiste en la pose d’une prothèse totale de hanche.

Introduction: les atteintes ostéo-articulaires infectieuses sont un peu plus fréquentes chez les patients séropositifs, du fait du terrain ou du déficit immunitaire, voire des deux. Le but de notre étude était de comparer les aspects cliniques, paracliniques et évolutifs du mal de Pott chez les patients séropositifs et séronégatifs pour le VIH. Matériels et méthodes: étude rétrospective du 01 avril 2008 au 30 mars 2014 dans les services de rhumatologie, neurologie et neurochirurgie du CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo. Etaient inclus les patients chez qui le diagnostic de mal de Pott était retenu. Les patients positifs (VIH+) et négatifs (VIH-) pour le VIH ont été comparés. Résultats: Quatre-vingt-quatre patients avaient réalisé leur sérologie VIH dont 15 (17,85%) étaient positives. L’âge moyen était de 42.33 ans (VIH+) versus 49 ans (VIH-) (p=0.173). Le sex ratio était de 1.5 chez les VIH+ et de 2.2 chez les VIH- (p=1). Un syndrome rachidien était présent chez 14 patients VIH+ (93%) et 60 patients (86%) VIHprédominant au niveau lombaire (p=1). Quatorze (93.3%) patients VIH+ présentaient au moins un signe de complication neurologique contre 48 (65.5%) patients VIH- (p=0.03). A l’imagerie 12 patients VIH+ (80%) avaient une atteinte pluriétagée contre 19 patients VIH- (27.5%) (p=0,000). Trois décès (13.33%) de patients VIH+ étaient observé contre 1.4% VIH- (p=0.018).. Conclusion: L’âge et le sexe ne semblent pas être associés à l’infection au VIH au cours du mal de Pott. Par contreune atteinte pluri étagée et une mortalité plus élevée ont été observées chez les patients VIH+.

We report a case of gardenalic rheumatism in a 45-year-old patient undergoing phenobarbital treatment for convulsion caused by chronic subdural hematoma, who presented secondarily joint pain and stiffness predominant in the upper limbs with vasomotor phenomenon.

Introduction: the objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic response of patients treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)., Methods: descriptive and analytical single-center cross-sectional study conducted in Burkina Faso from January 2019 to December 2021 in patients with RA meeting American Rheumatism Association/European League against rheumatism criteria. Therapeutic response was assessed according to the criteria of the European League Against Rheumatism, the clinical disease activity index and the simplified disease activity Index after at least six months of treatment., Results: one hundred and three patients, including 85 women were included. The average age of the patients was 50.14 years ± 15.04 years. Eighty-seven patients (84.47%) were ACPA positive and 50 patients (48.54%) had radiological damage at inclusion. The mean DAS28-CRP, CDAI and SDAI were 5.17, respectively; 32.16 and 35.48 at inclusion compared to 2.53; 7.83 and 8.76 after at least six months of treatment (p<0.0001). Ninety-six patients (93.20%) were treated with methotrexate. According to the criteria of the European League Against Rheumatism, 89 patients (86.41%) were good responders, 62 patients (60.19%) were in remission. Major improvement was observed in 53 patients (51.46%) as assessed by the Clinical Disease Activity Index and the Simplified Disease Activity Index., Conclusion: despite the unavailability of biotherapies in sub-Saharan Africa, remission of RA can be obtained by optimizing treatment with DMARDs and "tight control"., Competing Interests: Les auteurs ne déclarent aucun conflit d'intérêts., (Copyright: Aboubakar Ouédraogo et al.)

Introduction: Non-traumatic spinal cord injury (NTSCI) represents a medical-surgical emergency. In Burkina Faso, limited data exist on the etiological profiles of this syndrome in rheumatology. This study aimed to describe the etiological profile of NTSCI in the Rheumatology Department of the University Hospital Center of Bogodogo (CHU-B)., Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study with descriptive and analytical aims, conducted from March 1, 2017, to December 31, 2023, in the Rheumatology Department of CHU-B. Patients diagnosed with non-traumatic spinal cord compression syndrome during hospitalization were included., Results: The frequency in the Rheumatology Department of NTSCI was 2.94%, accounting for 104 patients. There were 68 men (65.38%), with a sex ratio of 1.88. The average age of the population was 57.91 years. All patients experienced back pain, with a lumbar location in 77 patients (74.04%). The average duration of the motor deficit was 2.97 months. A total of 3,532 patients were admitted to the conventional hospitalization unit of the Rheumatology Department at the CHU-B from March 1, 2017, to December 31, 2023. Among these, 104 patients had NTSCI, yielding a frequency of 2.94%. Spinal MRI was performed in 58 patients (55.77%), and the compression was extradural in 76.92% of cases ( n = 80). The etiologies identified were Pott's disease in 32 patients (30.77%), followed by spinal metastases in 22 patients (21.15%). Twenty-nine patients (27.89%) experienced complications related to prolonged bed rest. No factor was significantly associated with the recovery of the motor deficit., Conclusions: Non-traumatic spinal cord injury is relatively rare in rheumatological practice in Ouagadougou. The etiology is predominantly Pott's disease, which confirms the geographical distribution of NTSCI causes., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Narodowy Instytut Geriatrii, Reumatologii i Rehabilitacji w Warszawie.)

Objective: Rural areas are currently facing lifestyle changes which greatly contribute to an increase in the prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Diabetes and Diabetes-related cardiovascular diseases in a rural population in Burkina Faso., Methodology: We collected demographic and clinical data, and we also performed capillary glucose testing for all the participants aged 16 years and above in five administrative communities in the province of Zandoma., Results: In all, 970 individuals, with a mean age of 49.06 years (SD = 16.97), volunteered to participate in the screening. Most of them were aged between 40 and 65 years old (48.5%) and 57.5% were females. The prevalence of diabetes was 5.7%, and 9% of participants had an FPG level between 1.10 g/l and 1.26 g/l. A family history of diabetes was found in 4.3% of the cases. Looking at the other cardiovascular risk factors, we found 24.3% of the participant to be overweight or obese, 23.6% had High Blood Pressure. Age (p = 0.001), Employment Status (p = 0.015), Body Mass Index (p = 0.036) were significantly associated with diabetes., Conclusion: Diabetes is prevalent in rural areas in Burkina Faso, along with a significant proportion of prediabetes cases. Age, Employment Status, and BMI are the principal associated factors., Competing Interests: Les auteurs ne déclarent aucun conflit d'intérêts., (Copyright © 2021 SFMTSI.)

Since December 2019, the pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raises a real public health problem. COVID-19 appeared in Wuhan (Hubei province) in China. Drugs that have been used in rheumatology for decades seem to be effective in this infection and are for the most part being studied. The rational use of these anti-rheumatic drugs is based on the cytokinic storm (hyperproduction of IL1, IL6, TNF α) in the body by COVID-19 in its severe form. In this review, the authors make the difference between the infectious and auto-inflammatory part of COVID-19; the disease does not seem to be a risk factor for admission to the intensive care unit for patients suffering from inflammatory rheumatism; however, the poverty of studies on this subject should be noted. The authors also review anti-rheumatic drugs while studying COVID-19 treatment.

Varicella is a viral disease whose cause is poorly known in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study is to describe varicella features in the department of infectious diseases at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital. We here report a series of 19 cases of patients hospitalized between the 1 st January 2005 and 31 st December 2014. The study included all patients with complete and workable medical records who received a positive diagnosis of varicella. The rate of varicella was 6.2%, accounting for 14.6% of febrile rash. It had been more common in 2011, from January to March. The average age was 19 years and half of the patients were aged between 6 and 30 years. Comorbidities were dominated by HIV infection and herpes. Clinically, fever and pruritus were the typical symptoms and vesicles were the most common type of eruption. On admission, the main complications included pulmonary, hematological and cutaneous complications. The median duration of hospitalization was 5 days, ranging between 0 and 13 days. The main treatments were based on antiviral drugs in 9 cases, antipyretic drugs in 19 cases, topic drugs in 17 cases and antihistamines in 11 cases. Out of 19 cases of varicella, 14 were cured and 2 died, including 1 adult out of 10 and 1 child out of 9. Varicella is usually a benign disease. It can be fatal in adults and children with severe complications., Competing Interests: Les auteurs ne déclarent aucun conflit d'intérêts.

Posterior facet arthritis is rarely described. The authors report a case of arthritis of the posterior lumbar facet in a woman consulting for back pain associated with relative functional impairment. Modern imaging, in slices, enables better examination of the posterior arch and better diagnosis of pathologies. Tuberculosis is one of the conditions affecting the posterior lumbar facet, and its characteristics on MRI are well-defined. This case shows that tuberculosis is a not uncommon cause of posterior facet arthritis and should be considered even before the appearance of clinical and bacteriological signs to avoid catastrophic situations for the patient.

Tuberculous sacroiliitis is rare and of difficult diagnosis. We here report two cases. The first patient was a 40-year old woman with HIV infection; the diagnosis was based on histological evaluation after surgical biopsy. The second patient was a 25-year old man living in prison whose diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical, biological, radiological reasonings and of the effectiveness of the treatment; tuberculin intradermal reaction was phlyctenular. CT scan was essential to establish the lesion diagnosis by showing edge erosion and soft tissue abscess The patients received medical and anti-tuberculosis treatment., Competing Interests: Les auteurs ne déclarent aucun conflit d'intérêts.

Background: Age is a key determinant of mortality due to diseases including HIV infection., Methods: A retrospective and descriptive cohort study used a computerized database to compare HIV-infected patients diagnosed in late adulthood to a group of patients diagnosed before their 49 years of age, without matching the characteristics of HIV infection. The study included patients who visited the day hospital (outpatient clinic) of the Sanou Souro Teaching Hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso, in Burkina Faso, from January 2007 to December 2011. Older adults were defined as those aged 50 years and more., Results: Participants in the study consisted of 2572 patients (265 older adults and 2307 young patients living with HIV. Based on Markov chain method, 32.1% of the older adults living with HIV were found to be seroconvert at 50 years or older. The median follow-up time on antiretroviral treatment (ART) was 32.7 months (range 0.03-65.4 months). Two hundred and ninety-five (11.5%) patients died, including 21.1% of older adults and 10.4% of young (P < .01). World Health Organization stage 3 or 4 and the lowest CD4 count reached <200 cells/mm(3) were the factors associated with early mortality of older adults on ART., Conclusion: Mortality rate of older adult patients living with HIV in Burkina Faso is high. Early diagnosis, early treatment, and primary prevention of HIV infection in the older adults are the main keys that could help reduce such mortality., (© The Author(s) 2014.)

Objective: We sought to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with self-medication in patients with rheumatic diseases., Material and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from February to July 2013 in the rheumatology department. We included all patients who consulted for a rheumatic disease during the study period and who gave their consent., Results: In total, 203 patients were included; of these, 146 patients (71.92%) had practiced self-medication. Furthermore, 99 patients (48.8%) had practiced self-medication for rheumatologic problems. The mean age of the patients was 45.5 years (range: 18-75 years). State officials accounted for 44.4% of patients. Eighty-one patients were schooled. Low back pain (29.29%) was the main reason for consultation, followed by polyarthralgia (12.12%). Using a visual analogue scale, the level of pain for which patients had used self-medication was rated as >70 out of 100 in 57.6% of patients. Fifty-five patients often self-medicated and 28 patients rarely. Drugs were bought from the pharmacy in 97% of cases. The main channel of self-medication was word of mouth (43.4%). The drugs used were mainly anti-inflammatory drugs (diclofenac: 54.54% and ibuprofen: 57.57%). Ten patients were unaware of the risks of self-medication. In multivariate analysis, sex, education level, and occupation were statistically associated with self-medication., Conclusion: Self-medication for a specific rheumatologic symptom appears less common than self-medication in general. The procedures for responsible self-medication should be defined in Burkina Faso in order to minimize the risks.

Objective: To study the epidemiological and clinical aspects of osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip in Ouagadougou, as well as its risk factors., Patients and Methods: This retrospective study covered cases treated over a 3-year period (February 2006 through January 2009) in the internal medicine department of the Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) and the surgery department of the private hospital Notre-Dame-de la Paix of Ouagadougou. All patients included had OA of the hip that met the Kellgren and Lawrence criteria., Results: There were 46 patients who met the study criteria, but only 40 files could be used. The patients' mean age was 46.4 years ± 15.2 years (range 25-80 years; 10 patients were older than 56 years). Men accounted for more than half (n=23, 57.5%). The mean duration of disease was 6.2 years ± 4.5 years (range: 1-19 years). The right hip alone was concerned in 20 patients (50%), the left hip in 16 (40%), and the OA was bilateral in four (10%). Seventeen patients had sickle cell disease (42.5%), 11 SC and 6 SS. The risk factors included necrosis of the femoral head in 19 cases (59.37%), hip dysplasia in 6 (18.74%), hip trauma in 3 (9.37%), inflammatory arthropathy in 3 more (9.37%), and epiphysitis in one (3.13%). The OA of the hip was primary in 8 cases (20%). Three patients were at stage 1, 9 at stage 2, 15 at stage 3, and 13 at stage 4 according to the Arlet-Ficat classification., Conclusion: OA of the hip arises in a young population and is dominated by secondary OA. The dominant risk factor was aseptic necrosis of the femoral head associated with sickle cell disease. In view of the small number of patients with primary OA, no definitive conclusions can be drawn about it.

To describe the semiological and immunological features of connective tissue diseases seen at the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital in Ouagadougou. A retrospective study reviewed the records of patients seen in the hospital dermatology and internal medicine departments from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2009 and diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (ScS), dermatopolymyositis (DPM), primary Gougerot-Sjögren disease (GS), polymyositis (PM) or indeterminate connective tissue disease (ICTD) meeting the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. The study included 42 patients, 36 women and 6 men. Their mean age was 41.2 years ±11.97 (range: 15-75). SLE was the diagnosis for 10 patients, ScS for 14, DPM for 7, primary GS for 1, PM for 1, and ICTD for 9. Hematologic (93%), cutaneous (88%), and rheumatologic (81%) abnormalities were the most frequent manifestations. The specific auto-antibodies associated with SLE patients were: anti-native DNA (3/6), anti-Sm (3/6), anti-RNP (3/6), and anti-SSA (4/6); anti-Scl 70 antibodies were present in 5 patients with ScS. Connective tissue diseases seem to be rare in Africa, south of the Sahara. However, the very fragmentary studies and the weak healthcare coverage do not allow any definitive conclusions.

The aim of this study is to review over a period of 5 years the clinical spectrum of rheumatic diseases seen in a tertiary hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. A retrospective study of case records was conducted from March 1, 2006 to March 30, 2011 in the Rheumatology service, Department of Internal Medicine of the University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo. Of the 4,084 patients seen, 2,381 were women (58.30%) and 1,703 were men (41.70%). The mean age at disease onset was 42.12 years, ranging from 3 to 92 years. Among the rheumatologic conditions, mechanical and degenerative disorders were the most common, found in 3,053 cases (74.76%). Among these cases, spinal pathology predominated, especially low back pain (19.93 %). The frequency of osteoarthritis was 19.70 % (804 cases) with a predominance of knee osteoarthritis (657 cases). Infectious pathology was dominated by osteoarticular tuberculosis (48 cases), particularly Pott's disease (43.68% of infectious diseases). Among the cases of inflammatory arthritides, rheumatoid arthritis was the leading cause (116 cases or 2.84%). It was followed by spondyloarthropathies in which arthritis related to HIV predominated (21 out of 81 cases). Metabolic diseases were mainly represented by the gout (162 cases or 3.96%) with male predominance. Comorbidities included high blood pressure (46.57%), diabetes mellitus (13.78%), hemoglobinopathies (9.66%), epigastric pain (7.25%), and peptic ulcer confirmed by endoscopy (6.75%). Rheumatology in Burkina Faso is booming. The profile of rheumatologic diseases in Burkina Faso, after 5 years of practice, confirms the diversity and importance of these conditions dominated by a degenerative pathology of the spine and limbs, including infectious diseases such as Pott's disease and the inflammatory and metabolic diseases.

Introduction: Meeting treatment targets for dialysis is a seemingly impossible challenge for most countries of sub-Saharan Africa. To assess this problem, we conducted this study of mineral and bone disorders in subjects undergoing hemodialysis at the Ouagadougou hemodialysis unit, the only such unit in Burkina Faso., Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in January 2010. We included patients on hemodialysis for at least three months who had some minimal predialysis laboratory results available. The KDIGO guidelines served as our reference. Dialysis sessions lasted 5 h and took place once every five days. The statistical analysis of the data was performed with PASW statistical software, version 18 for Windows., Results: The study included 32 of the 53 patients in the unit: 19 men and 13 women with a mean age of 43.5 ± 12.7 years. Their mean serum levels were 2.2 ± 0.2 mmol/L for calcium, 1.4 ± 0.5 mmol/L for phosphorus, 934 ± 887.4 pg/mL for intact parathyroid hormone and 193.4 ± 125.7 IU/L for total alkaline phosphatases. No patient reached the target for all three of the first three indicators. Patients with parathyroid hormone ≥ 800 pg/mL (n = 14) had a serum phosphorus (1.6 ± 0.6 vs 1.2 ± 0.4; p = 0.044) and alkaline phosphatases (287.5 ± 100.5 vs 120.2 ± 90; p < 0.001), significantly higher than those whose parathyroid hormone level was < 800 pg/mL., Conclusions: The bone and mineral status of our hemodialysis patients is worrisome and is due to suboptimal treatment conditions. The risk of deaths is high. Subsidies sufficient to provide adequate care would reduce these problems, which have, we note, an ethical dimension.

Deficiency rickets results from a deficiency of vitamin D that is responsible for deficient calcium absorption, leading to failure of bone mineralization and cartilage bone growth, especially in children. We report the case of a 9-year-old girl who shows signs of rickets. Her family history, which includes similar malformations in several family members, led us to suggest vitamin D-resistant rickets, but all laboratory tests and response to treatment indicated deficiency rickets. Prophylaxis, at least for some very poor people, should be proposed for certain populations at risk, even in tropical zones.

To study the prevalence and semiotic characteristics of neuropathic pain in the common low back pain to the Black African subject. This was a prospective cross-sectional survey carried on from April 1 2009 to August 31 2009 in consultations of rheumatology, neurology, and neurosurgery at the University Hospital Yalgado Ouédraogo in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). All patients with a low back pain or a common lomboradiculalgie were included. DN4 questionnaire was used for the diagnosis of neuropathic pain. One hundred and seven patients have been recruited during the study period; Sixty-four (59.80%) were female (sex ratio M/F: 0.67). The average age was 34.11 ± 13.46 years of age with extremes of 20 and 79. The average duration of disease was 48.53 months with extremes of 10 days and 50 years. Eighty-seven patients (81.31%) had a disease duration, which was 3 months longer. Sixty-six patients (61.70%) had a predominant lomboradiculalgie; among the remaining 41, low back pain predominated. Average intensity of pain was 62.81 ± 22.43 (on a scale of 100). A sign of Lasèque was present in the 41 (38.30%) patients. Fifty-three (49.5%) patients had a neuropathic pain. The prevalence of neuropathy signs according to the DN4 questionnaire was as follows: burning (n = 37; 34.58%), painful cold (n = 13; 12.15%), electric shocks (n = 31; 38.97%), pins and needles (n = 34; 31.77%), tingling (n = 35; 32.71%), numbness (n = 45; 42.05%), itching (n = 18; 16.82%), touch hypoesthesia (n = 35; 32.71%), pinprick (n = 33; 30.84%), and tactile allodynia (n = 21; 19.62%). Among the studied variables, the presence of a radiculalgy was statistically associated with neuropathic pain. The lomboradiculalgie of the Black African subject associates neuropathic pain observed in half of patients. Treatment must therefore always take account of this association. However, further studies are needed before any definitive conclusion.

Psoriatic arthritis was infrequently reported in sub-Saharan Africa before the HIV pandemic. Here, we review the available data on the prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in sub-Saharan Africa. No population-based data on the prevalence of psoriasis are available for this part of the continent. Hospital-based studies, nearly all of which were done in dermatology departments, found prevalences of 0.05 to 0.9% in West Africa and 2.8 to 3.5% in South Africa. These substantially lower values compared to those reported in Caucasians despite a higher frequency of the HLA-CW6 allele in black Africans (15.1%) than in Caucasians (9.6%) suggests a role for other factors, which may be environmental and/or genetic. The prevalence of psoriasis seems to have increased markedly in the HIV era (5.15% among HIV-positive individuals). The prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in the general population of sub-Saharan Africa is unknown. Psoriatic arthritis was reported before the beginning of the HIV pandemic (41.6% among 61 patients with psoriasis. Several cases of psoriatic arthritis were identified in HIV-positive individuals (40 to 96%) in hospital-based studies, many of which had small sample sizes. The available studies were biased by limitations to healthcare service access by the population, variability in the diagnostic criteria used, and the sometimes atypical presentation of cutaneous psoriasis, particularly in HIV-positive patients. Thus, the association between psoriatic arthritis and HIV infection deserves to be studied further in sub-Saharan Africa., (Copyright © 2011 Société française de rhumatologie. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.)

The objective of this work was to study the clinical and serological profiles of rheumatoid arthritis in Burkina Faso (West Africa). It is a cross-sectional study conducted from March 2006 to February 2009 in the Internal Medicine Department of the University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo. All patients seen in the rheumatologic consultation unit during this period, with rheumatoid arthritis fulfilling the ACR criteria, were routinely selected. The determination of anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) was carried out with a computerized method (Elia CCP, Phadia AB, Uppsala, Sweden). Values higher than 10 IU/l were considered positive. Forty-eight cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were recruited throughout the study period among 2,194 (2.2 %) patients. Forty-two files were subjected to the study. There were 34 women and 8 men. The average age was 41.70 ± 13 years with extremes of 22 and 71 years. The average duration of the disease was 86.17 ± 82.01 months with extremes of 8 and 360 months. Rheumatoid factors (RF) were positive in 21 out of 30 patients (70.0%). The determination of ACPA carried out in all the patients was positive in 34 (81%) patients; their average value was 217 IU/l with extremes of 38 and 1,170. RF and ACPA were associated to bones erosions (p = 0.0001). Twenty-two patients were placed on methotrexate, eight on hydroxychloroquine, and three on salazopyrine. Nine were given only NSAIDs or prednisolone. No patients had had a biotherapy agent. The frequency of RA was low in our study compared to other African studies published so far. The particularity of RA cases reported in African series, including ours, is the rarity of extra-articular manifestations of the disease. The severity of the disease at presentation in the rheumatology clinic may be due to their late consultation among other causes.

This purpose of this study was to determine prevalences and risk factors associated with infection by human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B Virus, syphilis and bacillary pulmonary tuberculosis in prisons in Burkina Faso. From February 20 to March 20, 2009, 300 prisoners over 18 years of age held in Ouagadougou were selected to take part in this descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic data, confinement information (number, motive and prison time), medical history, substance addiction (alcohol, tobacco, drug), and the other risk behaviors (sexual relations, type of partners, sharing of toiletries or razor) were compiled for each prisoner. Serological tests were performed to detect anti-HIV antibodies, Hbs antigen, and anti-treponema antibody. In prisoners presenting signs of tuberculosis, BAAR detection was performed by direct examination of sputum. Men represented 95% of the study population. Median age was of 30.1 +/- 8.9 years (range, 18 and 63). The prevalences of HIV infection, Hbs antigen and positive syphilitic serology were 5%, 27.3% and 5.7% respectively. Four prisoners (1.3%) had bacillary pulmonary tuberculosis. Two prisoners reported homosexual intercourse and 44 reported drug abuse. Sharing of toiletries and razor blades was reported by 18.7% and 20% of the prisoners respectively. Immediate measures are needed reduce the spread of these infections in prisons in Africa.

Objective: The purpose of this report is to describe epidemiological aspects of rheumatic disorders observed in HIV-infected patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Patients and methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to June 30, 2008 in the HIV unit of an internal medicine department in Burkina Faso. All patients who had been undergoing HAART for at least one year were included. Interviewing and thorough physical examination were performed in all cases. Radiography of the pelvis and hip was performed in some patients. Bone densitometry was never performed., Results: A total of 366 patients including 265 women and 101 men (sex ratio of 0.38) were included. Mean patient age was 39.61 +/- 8.54 years. Three hundred and thirty-five patients (91.53%) were positive for HIV1, 17 (4.64%) for HIV2 and 14 (3.83%) for both HIV1 and HIV2. Mean duration of infection was 3.58 +/- 1.88 years. Mean CD4 cell count was 394.20 cell/microL. A recent HIV viral load determination was available for 285 patients including 262 who had no detectable virus. Mean duration of HAART was 35.80 +/- 15.17 months. Only 61 patients (16.66%) were treated with protease inhibitor (PI). The prevalence of rheumatic disorders was 5.73% (21 cases). A variety of disorders were observed, i.e., lower back pain in 8 patients (38.1%), arthralgia in 4 patients including 2 treated with PI, osteoarthritis of the knee in 2 patients, Pott disease in 2 patients, De Quervain disease in 2 patients including one treated with PI, tendinitis of the shoulder in one patient treated with PI, gout in one patient treated with PI and unclassifiable inflammatory rheumatism in one patient. No case of symptomatic osteonecrosis or osteoporosis was observed., Conclusion: Rheumatic disorders are uncommon in the HIV-infected patients undergoing HAART in Burkina Faso. The most likely explanation is that PI is not widely used.

Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence, risk factors, associated with low back pain among hospital staff in a developing country., Patients and Methods: This transversal study was conducted from March 2007 to February 2008 at Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital in Ouagadougou (CHU-YO), Burkina Faso., Results: There were 256 men and 180 women with an average age of 38 +/- 8.25 years (range, 22 to 58). Mean BMI was 25.11 +/- 4.03 Kg/m2. The prevalence of chronic low back pain was 56.4% overall, 47.3% in men and 69.4% in women. Individual risk factors included female sex (p=0.000004), age (p=0.026), and high BMI (p=0.0002). Sports activity appeared to be a protective factor (p=0,035). Professional risk factors were the number of working hours per week (p=0,005) and numbers of guards per month (p=0.014) and posture during work (p=0.01). Analysis of socioprofessional consequences revealed significant impact in 43 (17,5%) patients. The loss work hours in 2007 were estimated to 1020. Three patients had to change working stations due to disability and 82 (19%) reported restricted working capacity., Conclusion: The prevalence of low back pain is high among hospital staff of CHU-YO. Preventive measures are needed to reduce socioprofessional consequences.

The purpose of this study is the prevalence of the rheumatologic complications in the sickle cell disease and the associations between haemoglobinopathies and rheumatologic affections. It is a retrospective study from 29 February 2006 to 28 March 2008 conducted in the Internal Department of the University Hospital Yalgado-Ouédraogo. All patients received in the period of study and having an electrophoresis of haemoglobin realized in alkaline pH were included. These patients came from hematologic consultation. Two hundred and seventy-seven patients out of 1451 were included: 142 patients (51.30%) had haemoglobinopathies, including 21 (7.60%) with composite sickle cell disease SC and 17 patients (6.13%) had aseptic necrosis of the femoral head including 7 with haemoglobin SC. The other rheumatologic affections did not have a semiological particularity related to the type of haemoglobin. The prevalence of patients who have haemoglobinopathies is important in rheumatologic practice. The sickle cell disease is strongly associated to osteonecrosis.

The aim of this work was to study ankylosing spondylitis (AS) prevalence and its clinical, radiological and genetic features in Ouagadougou. This was a cross-sectional study over two first years of rheumatologic practice (March 2006 to March 2008). All the patients having AS met the modified criteria of New York. HIV serology was negative. Thirteen cases of AS (0.9%) with 11 men were diagnosed among 1,439 rheumatologic patients. The average age of the patients at the beginning of the disease was 27.1 +/- 11.5 years. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index mean scores were, respectively, 47.8/100 and 44.46/100. No patient had presented extra-articular manifestations. Four (31%) patients had hip joint involvement. HLA B 27, among 11 patients, was positive in six (55%). Semiological features of AS among patients seen in Ouagadougou were similar to those of white race. HLA B27 prevalence in AS patients of Burkina Faso was similar to those of Afro-Americans.

We report a case of diffuse systemic sclerosis (skin, joints, esophagus, and Raynaud's phenomenon) in a 41-year-old Caucasian male with a 15-year history of ankylosing spondylitis and an episode of severe myocarditis of unknown origin. His HLA type included both the B27 allele conferring susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis and the B35, DRB1 11, and DQB1 03 described as associated with systemic sclerosis. This case-report confirms that two inflammatory joint diseases may co-exist, particularly in patients carrying one or two susceptibility alleles to both diseases.

The purpose of this transverse prospective study was to assess risk factors associated with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee observed in a rheumatology outpatient clinic in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. All patients presenting osteoarthritis of the knee diagnosed according to the clinical and radiological criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) were recruited over a 9-month period from November 2006 to July 2007. A total of 118 patients including 108 women were studied. Mean patient age was 55.7 +/- 10.8 years. Pain and disability scores assessed using theLequesne index were greater than 8 in 87.3% of patients. Hydarthrosis was observed in 56.5% of patients. The most common associated risk factors for development of osteoarthritis of the knee were obesity (42.4%), menopause in women (66.7%), history of OA (43.2%), and previous knee injury (19.5%). The most common associated risk factors for progression of osteoarthritis of the knee were Heberden nodes (19.5%) and genu varum (52.5%). The risk factors for development and progression of osteoarthritis of the knee in the subsahalian population of Ouagadougou are the same as in the Caucasian population of industrialized countries. An unexpected finding in this black African population was the high prevalence of Heberden nodes.

The purpose of this report is to describe the case of tuberculosis osteitis of the posterior vertebral arch in a 35-year-old man with recent history of pulmonary tuberculosis. Clinical findings were pain due to bilateral inflammation of the lumbar nerve roots, fistulised cold abcess and motor deficit in both lower extremities. The tomodensitometry demonstrated a lytic bone lesion involving the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra in association with spondylitis and a large paravertebral abscess with calcification typical of tuberculosis. Cure was achieved by a single 12-month course of appropriate treatment.

This is a retrospective study carried out in the orthopaedic and trauma department of the Yalgado-Ouédraogo teaching hospital. All the patients hospitalized in the service with a chronic osteomyelitis (COM) from March 1, 1996 to March 28, 2000 were included. The frequency of COM was 5.3%. The patients' average age was 17.7 with extremes of 2 and 60 years old. 63.9% were male; 80.7% had fistulized COM. A pathological fracture was observed in 16.9% of the patients. Lower limbs were affected most frequently (65%). Thirty patients (36.1%) had haemoglobin S, among them 22 had a major sickle cell disease. Staphylococcus aureus was present in the majority of the cases (more than 50%). Salmonella were observed among patients carrying haemoglobin S. One case of ceftriaxone-resistance salmonella osteomyelitis was reported. The medico-surgical and orthopaedic treatment was statistically more favourable than a medical or medico-surgical treatment without immobilization.

Cervical spine involvement is common but usually delayed in patients with psoriatic arthritis. We report two cases with early and predominant involvement of the upper cervical spine. Synovitis of the atlanto-odontoid joint and fusion of multiple facet joints were noted in one patient. In the other patient, the main finding was atlanto-axial subluxation with erosions of the odontoid process and anterior arch of C1. No abnormalities were noted in the peripheral joints, sacroiliac joints, or thoracolumbar spine. Analgesics and conventional antiinflammatory agents were only minimally effective. TNFalpha antagonist therapy (infliximab followed by etanercept) in one patient and phenylbutazone therapy in the other improved the symptoms and led to shrinkage of the pannus.