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Funding Information: The presented research was funded by national funds through the FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., under the scope of the research units UIDB/04035/2020 (GeoBioTec Research Centre), UIDB/00297/2020 and UIDP/00297/2020 (Centre for Mathematics and Applications). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. In recent years, cocoa and dark chocolate have attracted the interest of consumers not only for their sensory characteristics but also for their nutritional properties and positive impact on health. The baobab is a fruit of African origin with a sour and slightly sweet flavour, widely consumed by local communities due to its unique nutritional features. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of the concentration of baobab flour in the development of functional dark chocolate, including physical, chemical, nutritional and sensory evaluations. The results presented a positive correlation between the incorporation of baobab flour and the antioxidant activity (up to 2297 mmol TE/100 g), vitamin C content (up to 49.7 mg/100 g), calcium (up to 1052 mg/kg), potassium (up to 10,175 mg/kg), phosphorus (up to 795.9 mg/kg), chlorine (up to 235.4 mg/kg) and sulphur (up to 1158 mg/kg). The sensory evaluation of dark chocolate with 3% baobab presented the highest evaluation on the parameters “texture” and “overall flavour”, while the parameter “overall flavour” presented the lowest evaluation on chocolate with 9% baobab. No influence was observed on fatty acid profile, protein, fat and hardness. publishersversion published

Funding Information: This work received funding support from national funds from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT), Portugal, through the research units UIDB/04035/2020 (GeoBioTec), UIDB/00239/2020 (CEF), and UID/FIS/04559/2020 (LIBPhys), as well as LA/P/0092/2020 (Associate Laboratory TERRA). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. The selection of adequate plants that can cope with species that can live in contaminated/degraded and abandoned mining areas is of utmost importance, especially for environmental management and policymakers. In this framework, the use of a fast-growing forestry species, such as Eucalyptus nitens, in the recovery of arsenic (As) from artificially contaminated soils during a long-term experiment was studied. Roots can accumulate to levels ranging between 69.8 and 133 μg g−1 for plants treated with 100 and 200 µg As mL−1, respectively, while leaves between 9.48 μg g−1 (200 As) and 15.9 μg g−1 (100 As) without apparent morphological damage and toxicity symptoms. The C-assimilation machinery performance revealed a gradual impact, as evaluated through some gas exchange parameters such as the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance to H2O (gs), and transpiration rate (E), usually with the greater impacts at the highest As concentration (200 As), although without significantly impacting the PSII performance. The As effects on the uptake and translocation of Ca, Fe, K, and Zn revealed two contrasting interferences. The first one was associated with Zn, where a moderate antagonism was detected, whereas the second one was related to Fe, where a particular enrichment in leaves was noted under both As treatments. Thus, it seems to exist a synergistic action with an impact on the levels of the photosynthetic pigments in As-treated plant leaves, compared with control plants. E. nitens must be considered as an alternative when phytoremediation processes are put into practice in our country, particularly in areas with cool climatic conditions. publishersversion published

Funding Information: In January 2020, the EU launched the Farm Sustainability Tool for Nutrients (FaST), aiming to generate fertilization recommendations based on satellite images, crop growth models, and meteorological data. Supported by the European Space Program and the EU ISA Programme, the FaST digital platform will provide resources for agriculture, environment, and sustainability of European farmers, member state paying agencies, agricultural consultants, researchers, and developers of digital solutions. It is intended to be a world-leading platform to generate and reuse solutions for agricultural sustainability and competitiveness based on spatial data (Copernicus and Galileo) and other public data or private databases. It will also support the common agricultural policy by enabling ML-based solutions applied to image recognition, as well as the use and reuse of data from the Internet of Things (IoT), public data, and user-generated data []. FaST relies on multiple data sources, either connected (online sources) or imported (static sources) into the platform. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a central issue to address regarding the nitrogen (N) uptake by crops, and can be improved by applying the correct dose of fertilizers at specific points in the fields according to the plants status. The N nutrition index (NNI) was developed to diagnose plant N status. However, its determination requires destructive, time-consuming measurements of plant N content (PNC) and plant dry matter (PDM). To overcome logistical and economic problems, it is necessary to assesses crop NNI rapidly and non-destructively. According to the literature which we reviewed, it, as well as PNC and PDM, can be estimated using vegetation indices obtained from remote sensing. While sensory techniques are useful for measuring PNC, crop growth models estimate crop N requirements. Research has indicated that the accuracy of the estimate is increased through the integration of remote sensing data to periodically update the model, considering the spatial variability in the plot. However, this combination of data presents some difficulties. On one hand, at the level of remote sensing is the identification of the most appropriate sensor for each situation, and on the other hand, at the level of crop growth models is the estimation of the needs of crops in the interest stages of growth. The methods used to couple remote sensing data with the needs of crops estimated by crop growth models must be very well calibrated, especially for the crop parameters and for the environment around this crop. Therefore, this paper reviews currently available information from Google Scholar and ScienceDirect to identify studies relevant to crops N nutrition status, to assess crop NNI through non-destructive methods, and to integrate the remote sensing data on crop models from which the cited articles were selected. Finally, we discuss further research on PNC determination via remote sensing and algorithms to help farmers with field application. Although some knowledge about this determination is still necessary, we can define three guidelines to aid in choosing a correct platform. publishersversion published

Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). The drying process is an essential thermal process for preserving vegetables and can be used in developing dried products as healthy alternative snacks. The effects of air-drying conditions using a convection dryer with hot air at different temperatures (60◦, 65◦, 70◦, 75◦, and 80◦ C, in the range 5–200 min, at a fixed air speed of 2.3 m/s) were tested on the quality of slices (2.0 ± 0.1 mm) of dried sweet potato (Bellevue PBR). For each time and temperature, drying condition, physicochemical parameters (moisture content, CIELab color, texture parameters, total phenolic and carotenoid contents) and a sensory evaluation by a panel at the last drying period (200 min) were assessed. Drying time was shown to have a more significant effect than temperature on the quality of dried sweet potato as a snack, except for carotenoid content. Given the raw tuber content, thermal degradation (p < 0.05) of total phenolic compounds (about 70%), regardless of tested conditions, contrasted with the higher stability of total carotenoids (

Two eggs (L29 and N28) were recovered in the Holocene site of Lobos 3, (Islote de Lobos, north Fuerteventura, Canary Islands), the site has been interpreted as a purple dye workshop from the Early Roman Empire Epoch. For the first time, eggs from a Holocene deposit of the Canary Islands have been analyzed in terms of size, shape, and biomineral structure, and studied on the basis of several thin sections and SEM analysis. The analysis of the remains allowed the assignation of both eggs to Procellariidae birds, thanks to the relative proportion of the eggshell layers and the vesiculation patterns. The size of the eggs allowed the assignation of L29 to cf. Calonectris/Puffinus, and to cf. Puffinus for N28. The absence of more structural analysis on Procellariiformes eggshells prevent a more specific assignation. The accumulation pattern of the eggs is compatible with a seasonal occupation pattern of the Roman site., CajaCanarias, European Union "NextGenerationEU"/PRTR, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (MICINN) Spanish Government, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Maria de Maeztu' program for Units of Excellence, NextGeneration EU/PRTR, Juan de la Cierva-Formacion

Funding Information: This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project PID2021-122612OB-100), the Government of Aragón and the European Regional Development Fund (Group E18: Aragosaurus: Recursos Geológicos y Paleoambientales). MMA is supported by the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and co-financed by the NextGeneration EU/PRTR, Ramón y Cajal contract RYC2021-034473-I. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Surface collecting is the first and sometimes the only type of sampling carried out in many fossiliferous localities, including vertebrate microfossil assemblages. Nevertheless, it is rare to test how representative these surface-collected samples are of the palaeobiocoenosis. A first approach to the palaeontological analysis of Los Menires, a Barremian vertebrate microfossil assemblage, is here performed while testing the usefulness of the surface collection method. New fossil material obtained by surface collection is described, and the resulting data are compared with those obtained by screen-washing. The fossil assemblage of Los Menires is dominated by parautochthonous remains of freshwater aquatic and semiaquatic organisms—i.e., charophytes, ostracods, bivalves, gastropods, testudinatans, crocodylomorphs, lissamphibians, and osteichthyans—although parautochthonous remains of terrestrial vertebrates—i.e., dinosaurs, lacertilians, and mammaliforms—are also present. The accumulation of vertebrate hard parts in Los Menires took place in a low-energy, shallow-water, depositional environment within the alluvial-lacustrine system represented by the Mirambel Formation. Sampling test results indicate that surface collection is effective in recognizing the main fossil groups present in an assemblage. Yet, it is not suitable for capturing delicate and tiny fossils nor for recognizing the abundance of eggshells. In contrast, it can generate an overrepresentation of other hard components such as coprolites or ornithopod teeth. publishersversion published

Funding Information: This work was partially supported by the SIMShore: SIMOcean Nearshore Bathymetry Based on Low Cost Approaches. This project received funding from the EEA Grants Portugal research and innovation program under grant agreement No PT-INNOVATION-0027. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. The energy consumption of production processes is increasingly becoming a concern for the industry, driven by the high cost of electricity, the growing concern for the environment and the greenhouse emissions. It is necessary to develop and improve energy efficiency systems, to reduce the ecological footprint and production costs. Thus, in this work, a system is developed capable of extracting and evaluating useful data regarding production metrics and outputs. With the extracted data, machine learning-based models were created to predict the expected energy consumption of an automotive spot welding, proving a clear insight into how the input values can contribute to the energy consumption of each product or machine, but also correlate the real values to the ideal ones and use this information to determine if some process is not working as intended. The method is demonstrated in real-world scenarios with robotic cells that meet Volkswagen and Ford standards. The results are promising, as models can accurately predict the expected consumption from the cells and allow managers to infer problems or optimize schedule decisions based on the energy consumption. Additionally, by the nature of the conceived architecture, there is room to expand and build additional systems upon the currently existing software. publishersversion published

Funding Information: We thank the two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. TD acknowledges financial support from the Swedish Research Council (grants number 2015-03986 , 2021–05849 ). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors An increasing body of palaeobotanical data demonstrates a series of Pliocene and Pleistocene extirpations and extinctions of plant lineages in western Eurasia, which are believed to have been determined by the climatic properties of their related East Asian and North American sister lineages. We investigated the diversity of a widespread northern hemispheric plant family, Fagaceae, during the Late Pliocene of Portugal. We found a high diversity of Fagaceae comprising extant and extinct lineages. Dispersed pollen of Castanopsis and Quercus sect. Cyclobalanopsis represent the youngest records of these Himalayan-Southeast Asian groups in western Eurasia. Likewise, fossil-species of Quercus sect. Lobatae and the North American clade of sect. Quercus are the youngest records of these modern New World groups in western Eurasia. For the extinct Trigonobalanopsis, the pollen record of Portugal is the youngest known of this genus. Climate data of modern representatives demonstrate that a deterministic model can explain only a part of the Pliocene and Pleistocene extirpations. Modern cold month mean temperatures of Castanopsis and Quercus sect. Cyclobalanopsis and their last occurrences in western Eurasia in the Pliocene fit with a deterministic model (niche conservatism). In contrast, survival or extirpation of groups with high cold tolerance appear to have been more complex. Here, niche evolution, abundance and diversity of a lineage during pre-Pleistocene times, and habitat availability/loss determined the fate of Fagaceae lineages in western Eurasia. publishersversion published

Funding Information: V. Pires gratefully acknowledges the Contrato Programa entre FCT e a Universidade de Évora no âmbito do concurso estímulo ao emprego científico institucional 2018 and Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) under projects UIDB/04449/2020 and UIDP/04449/2020—through HERCULES laboratory. L.G. Rosa and P.M. Amaral gratefully acknowledge the support of this research that was partially funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, through IDMEC—Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica (P’olo IST), under LAETA project grant UIDB/50022/2020. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. The evaluation of stone cladding material suitability can be a challenge due to the way that stone physical and mechanical properties, and characteristics such as mineralogy, might influence stone performance as a cladding element in a ventilated facade application. Salts can affect natural stone performance, and one of the experimental methods available to study and predict it is through accelerated aging tests such as salt fog chamber cycles. Aging test results should include the analysis of critical stone physical–mechanical properties to fully understand decay effects. The aim of this study was to reduce the lack of knowledge regarding the implications of salt fog on certain fundamental characteristics of stone cladding requirements, such as elastic properties and flexural strength, because these are particularly important properties for ventilated facade systems. A systematic methodology based on artificial salt fog cycles in a climatic chamber, microscopic analysis, weight measurement, flexural strength, and dynamic elastic modulus was performed on two limestones from Portugal: Moleanos (MO) and Semi-Rijo (SR). This study aims to contribute to improved selection stone methods linked to more sustainable stone facades, and the experimental methodology can be further applied to other stone types, particularly the ones most selected for stone cladding applications near coastal areas. In this work, results of salt fog decay cycles are presented and discussed considering their direct contribution for a better stone-cladding dimensioning process. publishersversion published

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Inundation, excessive precipitation, or inadequate field drainage can cause waterlogging of cultivated land. It is anticipated that climate change will increase the frequency, intensity, and unpredictability of flooding events. This stress affects 10–15 million hectares of wheat every year, resulting in 20–50% yield losses. Since this crop greatly sustains a population’s food demands, providing ca. 20% of the world’s energy and protein diets requirements, it is crucial to understand changes in soil and plant physiology under excess water conditions. Variations in redox potential, pH, nutrient availability, and electrical conductivity of waterlogged soil will be addressed, as well as their impacts in major plant responses, such as root system and plant development. Waterlogging effects at the leaf level will also be addressed, with a particular focus on gas exchanges, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, membrane integrity, lipids, and oxidative stress. publishersversion published

Funding Information: This study was funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/ http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 ) of the Government of Spain (grant number PID2019-108705-GB-I00 ), the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad-FEDER (grant number CGL2012-35662 ), and the Regional Government of Aragón (grant number E32_20R ; research group Geotransfer: Investigación Geológica para la Ciencia y la Sociedad). We are very grateful to Luis Alcalá, Luis Mampel and Eduardo Espilez for their help with the location of the paleontological sites. We would like to thank Prof. Miguel Garcés, Sevket Sen, Imre Magyar and an anonymous reviewer for their useful comments and suggestions, which helped us improve the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors The northern sector of the Teruel Basin (Spain) houses a dense and continuous record of late Neogene mammal fossil sites, as well as numerous biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic information making it a reference basin to define and refine the European mammal biostratigraphy from the Vallesian to the Villafranchian. The Neogene mammal chronology is in ongoing revision, and distinct correlations between basins and Europe provinces have been proposed based on their relative ages. New calibration methods based on numerical modelling have allowed the absolute ages of the paleontological sites to be refined. Nevertheless, some discrepancies arise, evidencing that anchoring between absolute ages and mammal fossil record would benefit from a stronger stratigraphical framework. This work provides such a robust 3D stratigraphic framework of the whole basin that, together with magnetostratigraphy, allows establishing an accurate chronostratigraphic model and hence a precise chronology of sedimentary units and mammal sites. The absolute age of MN zones, or mammal stages, in the Teruel Basin has been revised on the basis of a detailed and confident stratigraphic correlation, and updated to the most recent Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale. In particular, new accurate ages have been proposed for the boundaries MN 9/10 to MN 16/17 from data exclusively located in the Teruel Basin, with a precision generally of 0.1–0.2 Ma. publishersversion published

Funding Information: This work received funding from PDR2020-101-030734 and Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT), Portugal, through the research units UIDB/04035/2020 (GeoBioTec), UIDB/00239/2020 (CEF) and UID/FIS/04559/2020 (LIBPhys) from the FCT/MCTES/PIDDAC. This work was further supported by the grant of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) UI/BD/150718/2020. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Following an agronomic approach for the Ca enrichment of Rocha pears, this study aimed to assess the interactions between mineral nutrients in fruit tissues at harvest and after storage for 5 months and to characterize the implications on the profile of sugars and fatty acids (FA). A total of seven foliar sprays (with concentrations of 0.1–0.6 kg·ha−1 Ca(NO3)2 and 0.8–8 kg·ha−1 CaCl2) were applied to pear trees. After harvest, the fruits were stored for 5 months, in environmentally controlled chambers, and the mineral contents in five regions (on the equatorial section) of the fruits were assessed, while the sugar and FA content were quantified. For both dates, all foliar sprayed treatments, at different extends, increased Ca content in the center and near the epidermis of Rocha pear fruits and the levels of K, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu also varied. At harvest, the Ca treatments did not affect the levels of sucrose, glucose, fructose and sorbitol and, after storage, their concentrations remained higher in Ca-treated fruits. Additionally, the tendency of the relative proportions of FA was C18:2 > C18:1 > C16:0 > C18:3 > C18:0 > chains inferior to 16 C ( C16:0 > C18:3 > C18:0 > C18:1 > chains inferior to 16 C (

The funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme H2020-DRS-2015 GA nr. 700395 (HERACLES project). The study and characterization of mortars is generally related to the knowledge of the properties of the material, which guarantee or improve its performance and durability. When we consider the study of historical mortars, the main objective is to understand the characteristics of the material and how it has reached the present day, considering that, often, the time of its preparation and application is separated from the present by a long period of time, perhaps centuries, and is thus difficult to specify. This type of study may give indications on historical issues relevant to the understanding of a particular site or monument and, in addition, can assist in actions related to its preservation. Mortars can be used with different functions, ranging from structural function, protection, or finish, which requires distinct properties that are suitable for this functionality. It is necessary to consider that the desired characteristics, after drying the mortar, will depend on a set of factors, including the selection and quality of the raw material, the proportion between the main components, the way they are prepared and applied, and the environmental conditions they will be subjected to over time. Furthermore, the larger the monument is, the greater the chances of changes, reconstructions or interventions, including materials prepared in different periods with different raw materials and techniques. This is precisely the case of the Palace of Knossos, located near the Heraklion in Crete. It is estimated that the first palace was built in 2000 B.C.; however, it was destroyed and rebuilt more majestically in 1700 B.C. The definitive abandonment of the palace would have occurred around 1450 B.C., but the site where it was built maintained its importance for many centuries. Excavated at the beginning of the 20th century, the Palace of Knossos is one of the most important archaeological sites in Europe, both for its size and the complexity of its plant, with architectural solutions worthy of a well-developed civilization, as well as for the many reclaimed materials and frescos found. In addition to all of the material wealth found in its excavation, the palace has undergone peculiar historical conservation including the reconstruction of many of its structures, even as late as the early 20th century, all considered of great importance for the history of the monument. For this study, samples of mortars were collected at different points of the Palace of Knossos, both from areas of archaeological remains as well as from reconstructed areas. For the characterization, we opted for a multi-analyses approach which involved optical microscopy observation, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, FTIR, -Raman, simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The results obtained indicated that the samples were mostly lime mortars with different hydraulicity indexes produced from local raw materials. The results also indicated that the samples presented considerable differences depending on the area in which they were collected, showing the variety and complexity of the materials produced in different periods, even when used for the same function. publishersversion published

Funding Information: F.J.G. and V.D.C. thank Agencia (Foncyt, Mincyt; PICT 2019-03283) and CONICET (PIP KB2 - 11220200100150CO). Funding Information: We thank the Uganda Museum, Kampala (Rose Mwan-ja, Sarah Musalizi, Christopher Sebuyungo) for access to fossil material in its care, and the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology for authorization to carry out research in the country. Pierre Mein measured the specimen from Moroto and made preliminary identifications. Hugo Salais (Metazoa Studio) for the 3D reconstruction, Agustín Ruella for a previous version of the 3D reconstruction, Marcela Tomeo for the realisation of Figs 1 and 3, and Juana Yañez for the reconstruction of the palaeoenvironment. Francisco Javier Ruiz-Sánchez of University of València provided the use of the electron microscopy. Maria Dolores Marin-Monfort for the taphonomical comments. We should thank Frank Sénégas for making the casts (Sorbonne University). The fossils were collected by the Uganda Palaeontology Expedition led by B. Senut and funded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Commission des Fouilles. We thank the villagers of Rupa for participating in the screening of the sediments which yielded the holotype of Morotodon aenigmaticus. The support of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) toward this research for V. D. Crespo is hereby acknowledged. V.D.C. is the beneficiary of a grant (ZA21-044) for the requalification Publisher Copyright: Copyright Vicente D. Morotodon aenigmaticus gen. et sp. nov. (Mammalia, Metatheria, ?Herpetotheriidae) from the early or early-middle Miocene of equatorial Africa (Moroto II locality, Moroto District, northeastern Uganda) is characterized by a short anterior cingulum, a buccal shelf, a well-developed hypoconulid in a central position, and a trigonid and talonid with similar mesio-distal lengths. Its small size and morphology suggest mostly insectivorous-faunivorous feeding habits. The faunal association of Moroto II, as well as previous palaeoenvironmental analyses, suggest that Morotodon lived in open woodland and bushland areas surrounded by grasses. Morotodon aenigmaticus shows several features reminiscent of early herpetotheriids, such as Golerdelphys stocki (late Paleocene of North America), and Amphiperatherium ambiguum (Eocene of Europe); this suggests an origin for its lineage previous to the Oligocene. In summary, its affinities lie with Northern Hemisphere herpetotheriids, and, most probably, with European ones. publishersversion published

This research was funded by PDR2020, grant number 101-030671. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most economically and socially important cereals in the world. Several strategies such as biofortification have been developed in a way eco-friendly and sustainable to enhance crop productivity. This study implemented an agronomic itinerary in Ariete and Ceres rice varieties in experimental fields using the foliar application of selenium (Se) to increase rice nutritional value. At strategic phases of the plant’s development (at the end of booting, anthesis, and at the milky grain stage), they were sprayed with sodium selenate (Na2SeO4) and sodium selenite (Na2SeO3). In the first foliar application plants were sprayed with 500 g Se·ha−1 and in the remaining two foliar applications were sprayed with 300 g Se·ha−1. The effects of Se in the level of micro and macronutrients in brown grains, the localization of Se in these grains, and the subsequent quality parameters such as colorimetric characteristics and total protein were considered. After grain harvesting, the application of selenite showed the highest enrichment in all grain with levels reaching 17.06 µg g−1 Se and 14.28 µg g−1 Se in Ariete and Ceres varieties, respectively. In the Ceres and Ariete varieties, biofortification significantly affected the K and P contents. Regarding Ca, a clear trend prevailed suggesting that Se antagonizes the uptake of it, while for the remaining elements in general (except Mn) no significant differences were noted. Protein content increased with selenite treatment in the Ariete variety but not in Ceres. Therefore, it was possible to conclude, without compromising quality, that there was an increase in the nutritional content of Se in brown rice grain. publishersversion published

The authors thank Engenier Luís Silva (Adega Cooperativa de Palmela-Casa Agrícola Nunes Oliveira da Silva Lda) for technical assistance to project PDR2020-101-030727– for the financial support. Associate Laboratory TERRA (LA/P/0092/2020). This work was further supported in part by the research center Grant N°. UID/FIS/04559/2020 to LIBPhys-UNL, from the FCT/MCTES/PIDDAC and by the project PDR2020-101-030727. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. One-third of the world’s population is suffering from “hidden hunger” due to micronutrient deficiency. Zinc is acquired through diet, leading its deficiency to the development of disorders such as retarded growth, anorexia, infections, and hypogeusia. Accordingly, this study aimed to develop an agronomic workflow for Zn biofortification on two red winegrapes varieties (cv. Castelão and Syrah) and determine the physicochemical implications for winemaking. Both varieties produced in Setúbal (Portugal) were submitted to four foliar applications of ZnSO4 or ZnO (900 and 1350 g ha−1, respectively), during the production cycle. At harvest, Zn biofortification reached a 4.3- and 2.3-fold increase with ZnO 1350 g ha−1 in Castelão and Syrah, respectively (although, with ZnSO4 1350 g ha−1 both varieties revealed an increase in Zn concentration). On a physiological basis, lower values of NDVI were found in the biofortified grapes, although not reflected in photosynthetic parameters with cv. Syrah shows even a potential benefit with the use of Zn fertilizers. Regarding physical and chemical parameters (density, total soluble solids, dry weight, and color), relative to the control no significant changes in both varieties were observed, being suitable for winemaking. It was concluded that ZnSO4 and ZnO foliar fertilization efficiently increased Zn concentration on both varieties without a negative impact on quality, but cv. Castelão showed a better index of Zn biofortification and pointed to a potentially higher quality for winemaking. publishersversion published

This work received funding from PDR2020-101-030701 and Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia,I.P. (FCT) proof published

We wish to thank colleagues who helped during the field work: Afonso Loureiro, Andrés Gago, Carlos Graça, Inês Bruno, Joana Carvalho, João Bonacho, João Brissos, Luísa Rodrigues, Mónica Cabral and Pedro Rodrigues. We would also like to thank Daniel Vendas and all companies that provided geological and geotechnical data, as well as to the Setúbal Fire-Brigade and the Setúbal Municipal Civil Protection Service for all the support provided during this investigation. We wish to thank also to IDL – Instituto Dom Luiz, University of Lisbon for providing the equipment to carry out the ReMi tests. Setúbal is a county located in the Lisbon metropolitan area (Portugal) which has been hit by historical earthquakes that were responsible for high social and economic losses. The 1858 earthquake, with an epicentre located offshore just south of the Setúbal region, is a good example of an earthquake that caused high damage (IX-VIII MM) in this county. The main city of the region is Setúbal itself, an important and populated urban agglomeration with several industrial facilities very close by. The old city centre is mostly settled upon shallow geological units and taking into consideration the historical seismicity, it is important to examine the possible site effects that could occur during future earthquakes affecting the Setúbal region. The objectives of this study are therefore the characterisation of the seismic behaviour of Setubal's shallow geological formations and the evaluation of potential site effects. Shear wave velocity profiles were computed with the Refraction Microtremor (ReMi) method, spatial distribution of VS30 values was estimated and a map with the VS30 classification of soils according to the EC8 was produced. Spatial distributions of different data are presented and discussed:VS30 values, thickness of the shallow formations, top Pliocene surface, and results from Standard Penetration Tests (NSPT values). Numerical correlations between these parameters were established. Geotechnical characterisation was based on the analysis of 307 logs and 2950 Standard Penetration Tests. A total of 266 refraction microtremor measurements were performed obtaining VS profiles and VS30 values for 43 different sites. It was found that in Setúbal the majority of t heHolocene units belong to EC8 class C (180–360 m/s) but, in the areas where the thickness of shallow formations (TSF) is lower, the Holocene units may belong to class B (> 360 m/s). The spatial distribution of VS30 highlighted that the Plio Pleistocene, Miocene and Mesozoic areas show the best soil conditions corresponding to EC8 classes B and A. However, it was possible to identify a Plio Pleistocene area with VS30 varying between 232 and 355 m/s, therefore belonging to class C. This fact highlights that site effects studies should not be performed solely based on geological criteria, but it is essential to estimate S wave velocities (VS) in situ publishersversion published

This research was supported by PDLParque dos dinossauros da Lourinha (https://www.dinoparque.pt/pt/), through the "BARY-PT" grant financed by the Program "Bolsas Super Animais 3" in collaboration with Pingo Doce supermarkets. Both O.M and D. E.L received funding from those sources. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Mateus, Estraviz-López. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Spinosaurids are some of the most enigmatic Mesozoic theropod dinosaurs due to their unique adaptations to aquatic environments and their relative scarcity. Their taxonomy has proven to be especially problematic. Recent discoveries from Western Europe in general, specifically Iberia, provide some of the best specimens for the understanding of their phylogeny, leading to the description of the spinosaurid Vallibonavenatrix cani and the recognition of the Iberian dinosaur Camarillasaurus cirugedae as one of them. Portuguese associated spinosaurid remains (ML1190) from the Papo Seco Formation (early Barremian) were previously assigned to Baryonyx walkeri but new material recovered in 2020 along with new phylogenetic analyses suggests a different phylogenetic placement, making their revision necessary. Here we show that these remains are not attributable to Baryonyx walkeri, but to a new genus and species, Iberospinus natarioi, gen. et sp. nov. The new taxon is characterized by the presence of a single Meckelian foramen in the Meckelian sulcus, a straight profile of the ventral surface of the dentary and a distal thickening of the acromion process of the pubis between other characters. Iberospinus natarioi is recovered as a sister taxon of the clade formed by Baryonyx and Suchomimus, and outside Spinosaurinae when Vallibonaventrix cani is excluded from the analysis. The description of this taxon reinforces Iberia as a hotspot for spinosaur biodiversity, with several endemic taxa for the region. As expected for the clade, the dentary displays a highly vascularized neurovascular network. The morphometric analysis of parts of the skeleton (pedal phalanx and caudal vertebrae, among others) shows an intermediate condition between basal tetanurans and spinosaurines. publishersversion published

Acknowledgments We are grateful to Jesper Milàn in his participation on the discovery and collection of most of the tracks in this study; to Alexandra Tomás (Museu da Lourinhã) for the access to the specimens from the museum collection; and to Museu da Lourinhã, for providing us with the equipment and location for this study. Alexandre R. D. Guillaume (SFRH/BD/144665/2019) and Francisco Costa (SFRH/BD/148035/2019) hold each a doctoral grant funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT MCTES) of Portugal The record of Late Jurassic stegosaur tracks from the Lourinhã Formation (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) is here revised. Thirty-eight dinosaur tracks, preserved as natural infill casts, are here reported, and thirty-two of them are attributed to the ichnogenus Deltapodus. Four of those present impressions of skin, with polygonal scales and random pattern. Deltapodus is the most common ichnogenus in the track record of the Lourinhã Formation. The sizes and shape suggest one single dacentrurine trackmaker, which could be Miragaia longicollum, also common in the same horizons. publishersversion published

Funding Information: We would like to thank the Museu da Lourinhã for providing specimens and facilities, especially: Carla-Alexandra Tomás, Bruno Pereira, Alexandre Audigane, and Carla Abreu. To Jesper Milàn (Geomuseum Faxe, Denmark) and Micael Martinho (ML) who found and prepared some of the specimens. We also thank the Sociedade de Historia Natural (Torres Vedras, Portugal) and in particular Bruno Camilo Silva and Joana Ferreira for providing access and assistance to the holotype of Eousdryosaurus nanohallucis. Cristiano Dal Sasso (Museu di Storia Naturale di Milano, Italy) provided comparison material and William Harcourt-Smith (American Museum of Natural History, New York City, USA) for helping with the morphometric analysis. We also thank all the members of the Lourinhã Paleoteam for their inputs in earlier versions of this manuscript. We thank the editor Stephen Brusatte (School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK) and the reviewers Tom Hübner (Stiftung Schloss Friedenstein Gotha, Germany) and Peter Galton (University of Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA) for their comments, which greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. A special thanks to Vincent J. Cheng (ML) who proof-read this manuscript. FMR is supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal (Grant SFRH/BD/146230/2019). MMA is supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal (Grant SFRH/BPD/113130/2015). The research here presented has been supported by grants (GeoBioTec-NOVA and UIDB/04035/2020). Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-11T23:38:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020 publishersversion published

We thank Ícaro Dias da Silva and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments and suggestions. We also acknowledged Jose Javier Álvaro Blasco and Laura Rincón for editorial handling. Publisher Copyright: © J. Lains Amaral, A.R. Solá, T.M. Bento dos Santos, M. Chichorro, 2022 CC BY-SA. IDespite the so-called exotic nature of the South Portuguese Zone relatively to the other major domains of the Iberian Massif of peri-Gondwanan affinity, Devonian detrital rocks of the oldest strata in the Iberian Pyrite Belt have a remarkable resemblance with the Ossa-Morena Zone’s Neoproterozoic-Cambrian rocks and the West Meguma’s Cambrian-Ordovician rocks, presenting the so-called “West African signature”. Using published U-Pb detrital zircon data, we discuss the similarities and dissimilarities between the Iberian Pyrite Belt, Ossa-Morena Zone and West Meguma Terrane through multidimensional scaling, comparing them with other zones of the Iberian Massif, Saxo-Thuringian Zone, Avalonia-Ganderia, and the North African cratonic regions. Our findings show that multidimensional scaling is not entirely effective in displaying the dissimilarities between the peri-Gondwanan terranes due to the background noise caused by the overwhelming number of Cadomian-Panafrican ages. However, it becomes a powerful tool if these ages are filtered. A dominant Meguma-type provenance (Cambro-Ordovician) for the middle-upper Devonian rocks of the Iberian Pyrite Belt is demonstrated, mainly attending to their similar Birimian-Eburnean pattern. The possibility of minor contributions from the lower Cambrian rocks of the Ossa-Morena Zone into the Iberian Pyrite Belt quartzites is unlikely, as the latter lack the 1.9Ga peak that characterises the Ossa-Morena Zone sediments. Additionally, the remarkable similarities between Ossa-Morena Zone and West Meguma’s detrital rocks strongly suggest a similar paleogeographic setting (but diachronic?) for both terrains from the Ediacaran to Lower Ordovician times relative to the North African blocks. publishersversion published

Publisher Copyright: © M. Chichorro, A.R. Solá, T.M. Bento dos Santos, J. Lains Amaral, L. Crispim, 2022. This work assessed the age distribution of Cadomian/Pan-African orogenic events (550-590 and 605-790Ma, respectively) in several zones of Iberian Massif by means of detrital and inherited zircon analysis compilation. Detrital zircon age spectra show that throughout the late Neoproterozoic-to-Early Ordovician era (~120Ma sedimentary record), the main systematic peak occurs at ~610Ma, followed by peaks at typical Cadomian ages (~590-550Ma). Inherited zircons incorporated in Cambrian-to-Lower Ordovician igneous rocks show typical Cadomian ages (~590-550Ma) but, once again, a remarkably consistent Pan-African ~610Ma peak occurs. In accordance with compiled zircon data and taking into account the evidence of North African peri-cratonic inliers, Ediacaran (~610Ma) zircons incorporated in Paleozoic magmas provide indirect evidence of Pan-African magmatism, suggesting that these magmas and synorogenic sediments are likely to constitute the cryptic stratigraphic infrastructure of most of the Iberian Massif. The main source of ~610Ma inherited zircons may be the lateral chrono-equivalents of the Saghro and Bou Salda-M`Gouna Groups (Anti-Atlas, Morocco) and/or coeval igneous rocks from West African Craton or Trans-Sahara Belt, emplaced at a stratigraphic level below the late-Ediacaran sediments of the Ossa Morena Zone and the Central Iberian Zone. Assuming that the Iberian crust is a fragment of the Pan-African orogen, a relative paleoposition situated between the West African Craton and the Trans-Saharan Belt during the Late Neoproterozoic is proposed. The closed-system behaviour of Stenian-Tonian detrital zircon ages in the Trans-Sahara Belt suggests that this mega-cordillera acted as a barrier, in paleogeographic terms, to separating the Sahara Metacraton from Iberia. In Iberia, the opening of the system to Stenian-Tonian detrital zircon during the Ordovician indicates that, at that time, the Trans-Saharan Belt had already become a vast peneplain, which favoured a large drainage system with a long-distance transport mechanism that fed the passive continental margins. publishersversion published

Funding Information: We thank Guido W. Grimm, Orleans, France for commenting an earlier version of this manuscript, and two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions to improve this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors The fossil record of Lythrum is scarce and every new find brings an extra piece of the puzzle to the obscure phytogeographic history of this genus. Lythrum pollen is unique and has the potential to be recognized in palynological assemblages. Therefore, the few pre-Holocene fossil records are all pollen described from North America, Russia, and Europe. The European records are both most numerous and geologically younger than those from other parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Earliest European Lythrum pollen records are of late Miocene age and parallel to starting crown group radiation in the Eurasian clade of Lythrum. European Miocene to Pliocene Lythrum pollen morphology is comparable to that of extant species. Interestingly, the late Miocene expansion of Lythrum into Europe coincides with the decline of Decodon, and Lythrum appears to replace Decodon in late Neogene fossil palynological assemblages. publishersversion published

This study could not have been possible without the team that uncovered this specimen, Farish A Jenkins Jr., William W. Amaral, William R. Downs III, Stephen M. Gatesy, Neil H. Shubin Niels Bonde and Lars B. Clemmensen. We thank Harvard University and Bent Lindow from the Natural History Museum of Denmark. Thanks to Alexandre Guillaume and Vincent Cheng for reviewing and bringing improvements to the original manuscript and Carla Tomás for laboratory support. Alfred Lemierre and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for their comments on the manuscript. During the Triassic, Batrachia diverged into ancestors of frogs (Salientia) and salamanders (Caudata). Fossils of Triassic batrachians are rare and found only in a few outcrops, such as the Middle Sakamena Formation of Madagascar (Induan). Only three Triassic taxa have been described, the two early frogs Triadobatrachus and Czatkiobatrachus and the early salamander Triassurus. Here we describe a right ilium, collected in 1991, attributed to the first batrachian from the Late Triassic Carlsberg Fjord Member (Ørsted Dal Formation, Fleming Fjord Group) in the Jameson Land Basin, located in central East Greenland. The fossil specimen only displays the proximal part of a right ilium, missing its shaft. After a thorough comparison with several clades (lizards, temnospondyls, salamanders and frogs), we consider the specimen as a lissamphibian sharing feature with salientians and anurans: squarish acetabular region, deeply concave acetabular surface, laterally projecting acetabular rim, flat mesial surface. It is the youngest Triassic specimen of Batrachia to date and one of the northernmost of the Late Triassic. publishersversion publishersversion published

LA/P/0094/2020. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors The evaluation of the elemental content of moringa leaves and flowers by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry revealed that the leaves are a good source of some macro (Ca and K) and micronutrients (Mn) beyond the presence of important polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), essential in human nutrition. Total soluble sugars prevail in the flowers which may be linked to insect attraction and the pollination process. M. oleifera leaves, flowers and seeds essential oils (EOs) were isolated by hydrodistillation. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) showed EOs dominated by alkanes and fatty acids in diverse ratios in the analyzed plant parts. The nutritional characterization of M. oleifera cultivated in Portugal showed some important nutrients to human physiology. Further studies will allow determining if its consumption may overcome the nutritional imbalances of daily modern households, preventing the emergence of hypertension and diabetes. publishersversion published

The family Cardilidae groups a small number of bivalve species from the superfamily Mactroidea, which have been scarcely found and have a known stratigraphic range from the middle Eocene to the present day. From these stand out Cardilia michelottii Deshayes, 1844, as an extinct valid species only previously knew from the Italian Peninsula, where it has been recorded from the Miocene of Emilia-Romagna, the Pliocene of Tuscany and Piedmont, and the Pleistocene of Lazio. The first finding of this species outside the Italian ranges is here reported from a single, but well-preserved left valve collected from the lower Piacenzian molluscan assemblage of Vale de Freixo fossil site (Pombal, West Portugal), in the Pliocene Mondego Basin. This allows to extend the known biogeographic range of this thermophilic species to the Iberian Peninsula, and also to reduce the geographical gap between the Neogene to present-day West African and Mediterranean occurrences of this morphologically very distinctive genus of warm shallow-water bivalve assemblages. Resumen La familia Cardilidae agrupa un pequeño número de especies de bivalvos de la superfamilia Mactroidea, que apenas se han encontrado de forma muy rara y tienen un rango estratigráfico conocido desde el Eoceno medio hasta nuestros días. De estos se destaca Cardilia michelottii Deshayes, 1844, como una especie extinta válida que antes solo se conocía en la Península Italiana, donde se registró desde el Mioceno de Emilia-Romaña, el Plioceno de Toscana y Piamonte y el Pleistoceno de Lazio. Se reporta el primer hallazgo de esta especie fuera de los rangos de Italia, a partir de una valva izquierda bien conservada que ha sido recolectada en la asociación de moluscos fósiles del Piacenziese inferior del yacimiento de Vale de Freixo (Pombal, Oeste de Portugal), en el Plioceno de la Cuenca del Mondego. Esto hallazgo permite extender el rango biogeográfico conocido de esta especie termofílica hasta la Península Ibérica, así como reducir el espacio sin citas entre las ocurrencias oeste-africanas y mediterráneas de este género morfológicamente muy distintivo y que integra asociaciones de bivalvos de aguas cálidas y poco profundas.

The study of building materials constituting cultural heritage is fundamental to understand their characteristics and predict their behavior. When considering materials from archaeological sites, their characterization can provide not only relevant information for a broader understanding of the site and its importance and significance but can also increase knowledge about ancient materials and their performance. The Palace of Knossos is a very important archaeological site in the European history context, and its preservation benefits from the characterization of the constituent materials. Samples of mortars from this monument were collected under the scope of the H2020 HERACLES project, where a multi-analytical approach was chosen using established protocols for the different sample typologies. Instrumental techniques such as optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA) were used for the chemical, mineralogical, and morphological characterization of these mortar samples. The results indicate that the majority are lime mortars, both aerial and hydraulic, but gypsum-based mortars were also identified. Differences in the chemical composition of the samples in distinct areas of the monument allowed us to reflect on the variety of materials used in the construction of the Palace of Knossos. publishersversion published

A 3D virtual geological route on Digital Earth of the geological-geomorphological and paleontological heritage in the Algarve (Portugal) is presented, assessing the geological heritage of nine representative geosites. Eighteen quantitative parameters are used, weighing the scientific, didactic and cultural tourist interest of each site. A virtual route has been created in Google Earth, with overlaid georeferenced cartographies, as a field guide for students to participate and improve their learning. This free application allows loading thematic georeferenced information that has previously been evaluated by means of a series of parameters for identifying the importance and interest of a geosite (scientific, educational and/or tourist). The virtual route allows travelling from one geosite to another, interacting in real time from portable devices (e.g., smartphone and tablets), and thus making possible the ability to observe the relief and spatial geological distribution with representative images, as well as to access files with the description and analysis of each geosite. By using a field guide, each geosite is complemented with activities for carrying out and evaluating what has been learned; these resources allow a teaching–learning process where the student is an active part of the development and creation of content using new technologies that provide more entertaining and educational learning, teamwork and interaction with social networks. This itinerary allows the creation of attitudes and skills that involve geoconservation as an element for sustainable development., This work was supported by the Diputación de Salamanca (Salamanca County Council) through the Tourism Area (Key Code VB8C), the GEAPAGE research group (Environmental Geomorphology and Geological Heritage) of the University of Salamanca and support the from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) UIDB/04035/2020 is also acknowledged.

Fossil vertebrate remains from the Keuper unit in the vicinity of the village of Krasiejów have been analyzed for almost two decades. However, the main goal of these works was focused mainly on large vertebrates. Here the authors present the first description of microvertebrate fossils from that site. The collection of around 5,000 specimens is mainly comprised of teeth and scales. The most numerous remains belong to osteichthyans: dipnoans (Ptychoceratodus and cf. Arganodus), palaeoniscids, semionotids, redfieldiids and chondrichthyans, such as Lonchidion sp., which is the first indisputable record of that genus in the Upper Triassic of Poland and the first shark at the Krasiejów locality. Tetrapod fossils consist of temnospondyl amphibians, rhynchocephalian lepidosauromorphs and archosauromorphs. Among them, temnospondyl amphibian remains are the most numerous and are represented mostly by Metoposaurus. However, on the basis of diversity in tooth morphotypes, the occurrence of other taxa cannot be excluded. Rhynchocephalians are composed of 7 fragmentary jaw morphotypes with dentition, which could indicate high taxonomic diversity (cf. Planocephalosaurus, cf. Diphydontosaurus and cf. Clevosaurus). The most varied fossil group was assigned to the archosauromorphs. The authors can distinguish at least 19 teeth morphotypes, which show similarities to the dentition of: protorosaurians (cf. Tanystropheidae), pseudosuchians (cf. Protecovasaurus, cf. Revueltosaurus), early crocodylomorphs and basal sauropodomorph dinosaurs. The first occurrence of a theropod dinosaur and cynodonts at the Krasiejów locality is also recorded. However, their remains are very rare. These new records show a high taxonomic diversity at the Krasiejów locality that contributes to our deeper understanding of Late Triassic ecosystem of Poland. publishersversion published

UIDB/00066/2020 UIDP/04035/2020 UIDB/00239/2020 Investment in technological research is imperative to stimulate the development of sustainable solutions for the agricultural sector. Advances in Internet of Things, sensors and sensor networks, robotics, artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, etc. foster the transition towards the Agriculture 4.0 era. This fourth revolution is currently seen as a possible solution for improving agricultural growth, ensuring the future needs of the global population in a fair, resilient and sustainable way. In this context, this article aims at characterising the current Agriculture 4.0 landscape. Emerging trends were compiled using a semi-automated process by analysing relevant scientific publications published in the past ten years. Subsequently, a literature review focusing these trends was conducted, with a particular emphasis on their applications in real environments. From the results of the study, some challenges are discussed, as well as opportunities for future research. Finally, a high-level cloud-based IoT architecture is presented, serving as foundation for designing future smart agricultural systems. It is expected that this work will positively impact the research around Agriculture 4.0 systems, providing a clear characterisation of the concept along with guidelines to assist the actors in a successful transition towards the digitalisation of the sector. publishersversion published

PTDC.FER-HFC.30666 O recurso a topónimos locais é de uso frequente na descrição científica de novas espécies. Numa perspetiva histórica da taxonomia paleontológica, estes enriquecem substancialmente a nomenclatura existente e permitem contextualizações geográficas mais efetivas. Desde meados do século XIX, os Açores, Madeira e Cabo Verde foram visitados por muitos naturalistas, os quais descreveram floras e faunas atuais e fósseis, usando frequentemente a toponímia local. Daí resultou, sobretudo, a descrição de mais de 60 novos táxones de invertebrados fósseis (ou “subfósseis”) do Cretácico Inferior ao Holocénico, para além de quatro vegetais, um cocolitoforídeo e um icnofóssíl, a partir de topónimos das ilhas atlânticas da Macaronésia da CPLP (Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa). Os mais utilizados foram Porto Santo (Madeira) (9), Madeira (6), Açores (6), Santa Maria (Açores) (5) e Cabo Verde (6), mas outros existem ligados a designações locais, como povoações e geoformas. Dado que muitos outros topónimos também têm servido para espécies atuais dos mesmos arquipélagos, incluindo São Tomé e Príncipe, e que as associações paleontológicas dos depósitos destas ilhas ainda carecem, em grande medida, de estudos aprofundados, é natural que parte destes táxones ainda venham a ser encontrados em novas jazidas, enriquecendo a presente lista. É interessante notar, também, que alguns dos nomes adotados não cumprem as regras do ICNZ (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature - Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica), necessitando de futura revisão. publishersversion published

The Lower Tagus Basin was subjected to several marine transgressions along the Neogene, related to positive eustatic oscillations and also controlled by the regional tectonic activity. In the Alcácer do Sal-Sines region, previous studies identified an episode of marine sedimentation interpreted as having occurred during the late Serravalian to early Tortonian interval, based on biostratigraphic data. This episode is represented in the Alcácer do Sal Formation. The study of the SMS-12-01B borehole, drilled for mineral prospection purposes, located about 10 km NNE of Melides, allowed the identification of a 3 m thick layer of sediments containing marine fossils.87Sr/86Sr determinations of oyster shells point to deposition about 11.5 Ma ago, validating previous proposals for the age of the formation. These data correspond to the first numerical ages obtained for the Alcácer do Sal Formation, allowing a solid correlation with other known marine units in the Lower Tagus and Algarve basins related to the same transgression episode. publishersversion published

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:43:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-08-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) AXISCADES A remarkably well-preserved, almost complete and articulated new specimen (GP/2E 9266) of Tupandactylus navigans is here described for the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil. The new specimen comprises an almost complete skeleton, preserving both the skull and post-cranium, associated with remarkable preservation of soft tissues, which makes it the most complete tapejarid known thus far. CT-Scanning was performed to allow the assessment of bones still covered by sediment. The specimen can be assigned to Tupa. navigans due to its vertical supra-premaxillary bony process and short and rounded parietal crest. It also bears the largest dentary crest among tapejarine pterosaurs and a notarium, which is absent in other representatives of the clade. The new specimen is here regarded as an adult individual. This is the first time that postcranial remains of Tupa. navigans are described, being also an unprecedented record of an articulated tapejarid skeleton from the Araripe Basin. Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia FCT GeoBioTec Department of Earth Sciences Universidade Nova de Lisboa Museu da Lourinhã Laboratório de Paleobiologia Universidade Federal do Pampa, Rio Grande do Sul Instituto de Biociências Laboratório de Herpetologia (LHERP) Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo Instituto de Geociências Universidade de São Paulo Cidade Universitária, São Paulo Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas Laboratório de Paleontologia de Vertebrados e Comportamento Animal (LAPC) Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo Instituto de Biociências Laboratório de Herpetologia (LHERP) Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul: 16/2551-0000271-1 CNPq: 305758/2017-9 CNPq: 407969/ 2016-0 CNPq: 421772/2018-2 AXISCADES: UIDB/ 04035/2020

grant number 101-030835 UID/FIS/04559/2020 This study aimed to assess the implications of Zn enrichment in wheat grains as a function of contrasting genotypes, edaphic conditions and foliar fertilizers. Triticum aestivum L. varieties Roxo and Paiva were grown in four production fields, and sprayed with ZnSO4 (0, 16.20 and 36.40 kg/ha) Zn-EDTA (0, 6.30 and 12.60 kg/ha) and Tecnifol Zinc (0, 3.90 and 7.80 kg/ha). The heterogeneous edaphic conditions of the wheat fields were chemically characterized, it being found that soil properties determine different Zn accumulation in the grains of both genotypes. Foliar spraying enhanced to different extents Zn content in the grains of both genotypes, but the average of enrichment indexes varied among the wheat fields. Zinc mostly accumulated in the embryo and vascular bundle and to a lesser extent in the endosperm. Grain yield and test weight sprayed by ZnSO4 gave the highest values in both genotypes, but the opposite was found for Zn-EDTA. Considering the color parameters, lightness and red–green transitions were found to be a conjunction of genotype characteristics, fertilization types and edaphic conditions prevailing in each field. It is concluded that the index of Zn enrichment in wheat grains is a docket of edaphic conditions, genotype and type of fertilization. publishersversion published

UID/FIS/04559/2020 The aim of this study is to evaluate the elemental composition of fifteen algae-based supplements commonly sold in the Portuguese market, by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Despite the fact that the majority of Kelp samples were a good source of iodine, the levels observed might well contribute to an excess in the human body, which can cause dysfunction of the thyroid gland. Furthermore, the presence of lead in Sea spaghetti, Arame, Hijiki and Wakame caused a considerable risk to public health vis a vis possible ingestion of a high daily dose. Regarding arsenic, great variability was observed in all the samples with concentrations equal to or above 60 μg/g in the case of Arame, KelpJ and Hijiki. Although algae mainly accumulate organic arsenic, some also contain high levels of its inorganic form, as is commonly pointed out for Hijiki. Thus, regular ingestion of these supplements must also take into account the mentioned facts. There is no doubt that these supplements are also good sources of other nutrients, but the lack of accurate regulations and control should alert consumers to avoid indiscriminate use of these types of products. publishersversion published

info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/OE/PD%2FBD%2F113475%2F2015/PT PD/00035/2013 CRA-RED-00053-16 Climate change scenarios pose major threats to many crops worldwide, including coffee. We explored the primary metabolite responses in two Coffea genotypes, C. canephora cv. Conilon Clone 153 and C. arabica cv. Icatu, grown at normal (aCO2) or elevated (eCO2) CO2 concentrations of 380 or 700 ppm, respectively, under well-watered (WW), moderate (MWD), or severe (SWD) water deficit conditions, in order to assess coffee responses to drought and how eCO2 can influence such responses. Primary metabolites were analyzed with a gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry metabolomics platform (GC-TOF-MS). A total of 48 primary metabolites were identified in both genotypes (23 amino acids and derivatives, 10 organic acids, 11 sugars, and 4 other metabolites), with differences recorded in both genotypes. Increased metabolite levels were observed in CL153 plants under single and combined conditions of aCO2 and drought (MWD and SWD), as opposed to the observed decreased levels under eCO2 in both drought conditions. In contrast, Icatu showed minor differences under MWD, and increased levels (especially amino acids) only under SWD at both CO2 concentration conditions, although with a tendency towards greater increases under eCO2. Altogether, CL153 demonstrated large impact under MWD, and seemed not to benefit from eCO2 in either MWD and SWD, in contrast with Icatu. publishersversion published

he sivatherine clade includes some of the largest giraffids and emerged during the late Miocene. Sivatherium hendeyi, the earliest known species of the Sivatherium genus, was first described from the lower Pliocene of Langebaanweg (5.15 ± 0.1 Ma, Cape Province, South Africa). Here we describe the first possible occurrence of Sivatherium from western Europe from the lower Pliocene (MN14) of Puerto de la Cadena (4.9 Ma, Murcia, Spain). The new material consists of dental and postcranial remains. The Puerto de la Cadena Sivatherium, together with the presence of Macaca sp. and Debruijnimys sp., indicates a connection between African and European faunas during the early Pliocene and a possible relationship between Sivatherium and the stem Iberian sivatherines Decennatherium and Birgerbohlinia.

Funding Information: This project is part of a combined sedimentological, palaeontological and magnetostratigraphical investigation of the Late Triassic vertebrate-bearing continental deposits in central East Greenland supported by the Independent Research Fund Denmark. We thank Dennis V. Kent for productive discussions on Late Triassic stratigraphy. We are grateful to Karen Dybkjær, GEUS, for help with palynological examination of the coprolite. We thank Bo Markussen, Department of Mathematical Sciences at the University of Copenhagen, for guidance about statistical analyses. We gratefully acknowledge support from Dronning Margrethes og Prins Henriks Fond, Arbejdsmarkedets Feriefond, Oticon Fonden, Knud Højgaards Fond, Louis Petersens Legat, Det Obelske Familiefond, Ernst og Vibeke Husmans Fond, the Carlsberg Foundation and Geocenter Møns Klint. GEUS provided valuable logistical support. We thank Adrian Hunt and an anonymous referee for constructive reviews. A large, well-preserved vertebrate coprolite was found in a lacustrine sediment in the Malmros Klint Formation of the Late Triassic Fleming Fjord Group in the Jameson Land Basin, central East Greenland. The size and internal and external morphology of the coprolite is consistent with that of crocodilian coprolites and one end of the coprolite exhibits evidence of post-egestion trampling. As the associated vertebrate fauna of the Fleming Fjord Group contains abundant remains of pseudosuchian phytosaurs, the coprolite is interpreted as being from a large phytosaur. publishersversion published

The aim of this work was to test a methodology able to generate spatial-temporal maps that can synthesize simultaneously the trends of distinct hydrochemical indicators in an old radiumuranium tailings dam deposit. Multidimensionality reduction derived from principal component analysis and subsequent data aggregation derived from clustering analysis allow to identify distinct hydrochemical behavioral profiles and generate synthetic evolutionary hydrochemical maps. publishersversion published

UIDP/GEO/04035/2020 The main goal of this study was to identify potential chemical elements present in three 20 types of polymetallic mine waste, stored in the old mine site of São Domingos, located in the Iberian 21 Pyrite Belt, Alentejo, Southern Region of Portugal. This study involves the characterization of po-22 tential resources in those mine residues, bearing in mind that its reprocessing can facilitate the en-23 vironmental remediation and rehabilitation activities which are underway at the site. X-Ray Fluo-24 rescence (XRF) and micro ()-XRF 2D mapping surveys were performed. Univariate and multivar-25 iate data analysis reveal that differences in compositions are mainly related with element concen-26 tration per type of waste. Image processing and clustering analysis allowed the recognition of dis-27 tinct elemental spatial distribution patterns. Some of these residues, although classified as archeo-28 logical-industrial heritage materials may present toxicity to the ecological environment and to hu-29 man health. This fact enhances, therefore, geoethical doubts regarding its remining and exploitabil-30 ity. In this context, a multi-criteria decision analysis considering two geoethical alternatives was 31 performed. publishersversion published

A new plesiosaur partial skeleton, comprising most of the trunk and including axial, limb, and girdle bones, was collected in the lower Sinemurian (Coimbra Formation) of Praia da Concha, near São Pedro de Moel in central west Portugal. The specimen represents a new genus and species, Plesiopharos moelensis gen. et sp. nov. Phylogenetic analysis places this taxon at the base of Plesiosauroidea. Its position is based on this exclusive combination of characters: Presence of a straight preaxial margin of the radius; transverse processes of mid-dorsal vertebrae horizontally oriented; ilium with sub-circular cross section of the shaft and subequal anteroposterior expansion of the dorsal blade; straight proximal end of the humerus; and ventral surface of the humerus with an anteroposteriorly long shallow groove between the epipodial facets. In addition, the new taxon has the following autapomorphies: Iliac blade with less expanded, rounded and convex anterior flank; highly developed ischial facet of the ilium; apex of the neural spine of the first pectoral vertebra inclined posterodorsally with a small rounded tip. This taxon represents the most complete and the oldest plesiosaur species in the Iberian Peninsula. It is also the most complete, best preserved, and oldest marine vertebrate in the region and testifies to the incursion of marine reptiles in the newly formed proto-Atlantic sea, prior to the Atlantic Ocean floor spreading in the Early Cretaceous. publishersversion published

Funding Information: We are especially thankful to Prof. la Perna and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions, corrections and comments, which resulted in a considerable improvement of the manuscript. We are grateful to GeoBioTec (UIDB/04035/2020) for its financial support. Pedro Callapez thanks the funding provided by CITEUC -Centre for Earth and Space Research of the University of Coimbra, project UID/Multi/00611/2020 of FCT (Portugal), and the sponshorship of PALEOIBERICA, Grupo de Investigación Consolidado de la Universidad de Alcalá (COD-824). Funding Information: We are especially thankful to Prof. la Perna and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions, corrections and comments, which resulted in a considerable improvement of the manuscript. We are grateful to GeoBioTec (UIDB/04035/2020) for its financial support. Pedro Callapez thanks the funding provided by CITEUC-Centre for Earth and Space Research of the University of Coimbra, project UID/Multi/00611/2020 of FCT (Portugal), and the sponshorship of PALEOIBERICA, Grupo de Investigaci?n Consolidado de la Universidad de Alcal? (COD-824). Publisher Copyright: © R.J. Pimentel, P.M. Callapez, P. Legoinha, 2021 CC BY-SA. Made available in DSpace on 2022-02-07T23:23:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-07-26 publishersversion published

Os dinoflagelados são microorganismos, essencialmente unicelulares, que juntamente com outro fitoplâncton produzem alimento para organismos maiores e ocupam a generalidade dos ambientes aquáticos, desde água doce e salobra a marinha. Apresentam grande variedade de estratégias vitais, sendo sensíveis à temperatura e salinidade, oxigenação, luminosidade e disponibilidade de nutrientes minerais do meio. Certas espécies de dinoflagelados podem produzir quistos resistentes, depositando-se nos sedimentos. Estes quistos são constituídos por material quimicamente inerte permitindo o seu registo fóssil. São uma ferramenta biostratigráfica de grande valia, para além de servirem como indicadores paleobiogeográficos e paleoambientais. Pais (1978) fez a primeira caracterização de dinoflagelados fósseis (dinoquistos) em Portugal e, desde então, o número de estudos em território nacional tem vindo a crescer. Os primeiros trabalhos apresentam, essencialmente, documentação fotográfica e/ou breves descrições, utilizando-se, algumas vezes, os dinoquistos como marcadores biostratigráficos. Desde o início deste século, a informação tem sido enriquecida com importantes estudos pormenorizados: efetuaram-se estudos biostratigráficos detalhados, estabeleceram-se correlações entre a biostratigrafia dos dinoquistos e as de outros grupos fossilíferos, fizeram-se correlações com outras bacias sedimentares do país e do planeta, construíram-se perfis lito- e quimiostratigráficos com base em análises geoquímicas, estudaram-se as palinofácies e analisaram-se e caracterizaram-se os paleoambientes e a paleogeografia. No presente trabalho, propomo-nos a apresentar uma síntese dos estudos científicos documentados e inventariados com estes microfósseis em território nacional e o importante conhecimento que tem sido obtido, logrando-se, ainda de informação útil, para a pesquisa e exploração de recursos energéticos.

This research was funded by the FCT-Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e a Tecnologia, under grant number SFRH/BD/133777/2017. The first author thanks the FCT-Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e a Tecnologia, under grant number SFRH/BD/133777/2017. The work of J. C. Kullberg was supported by national funds from Fundac?o para a Ci?ncia e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the research unit UID/GEO/04035/2013 (GeoBioTec). Nowadays, the rehabilitation of quarries is a widespread practice. It stems from the most significant environmental concern in the management of non-renewable resources. However, reusing quarry waste in the process of regeneration represents the aspect less prevalent. This procedure results from the non-commercialized material, accumulated in huge piles of waste, that constitute invasive elements of the landscape. Because of the intense industrial activity, the wastes further contribute to the degradation of the sites. The result of the waste abandonment could be reversed if this discarded material is considered as a product in the landscape requalification process. Mixing theoretical concepts with practical examples, this article proposes an application methodology to reuse the waste material in the landscape and architectural domains. This new contribution highlights the importance of considering scrap accumulations as an integral part of the architectural project, filling the existing gap in both architectural and theoretical domains. There is not any similar schematization in the literature and the idea of dealing with the mounds of wastes has been only slightly approached until now. The reached outcomes are demonstrative of the possibility of working with the waste heaps in architecture, creating a solid basis for further investigations not documented yet. publishersversion published

This research was funded by projects Junta Castilla y Leon SA044G18, University of Salamanca USAL2017/46AC01, and Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness CGL2015-69919-R. Some natural scenes of films shooting contain landscapes and other elements that are part of the geological heritage, representing an added value for the growing cultural tourism that visits them. In the SE of Burgos province (Spain), near some filming locations of the classic western movie directed by Sergio Leone (1966), “The Good, the Bad and the Ugly”, we have assessed the Geological Heritage of 6 selected sites: (1) Dinosaur tracks; (2) Paleo-river structures preserved; (3) Fossil trees; (4) Sad Hill; (5) Marine Cretaceous fossils; and (6) La Yecla Gorge. Their tourist-cultural, scientific and educational values range from 775 points in La Yecla Gorge site to 450 in Marine Cretaceous fossils site. A virtual tour is presented implementing Augmented Reality on Google Earth with detailed but easily understanding descriptive information of each site, suggested activities for tourism and a free geoapp. The proposed technologies can enhance geotourism, favouring sustainable development and fostering attitudes and skills related to the tourist’s respect for nature. publishersversion published

This research was funded by FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, grant number SFRH/BD/133777/2017. Numerous industrial pits are discarded after their exploitation in every part of the world. Humanity both transforms the original morphology of the landscape, due to industrial activity in the territory, and, at the same time, rejects this "new" situation. This is to the detriment of the landscape, which is witness to this transfiguration, degradation, and abandonment. What is the future of these impersonal and empty areas? In this article, we present a general survey concerning the notion of quarry reuse to highlight the importance of this current and common problem. Our work approached the topic through a combination of the main concepts and a description of selected cases of study of quarry reconversions, sensitive to the environmental issues, climate changes, and sustainability. According to this premise, the research also provides an innovative matrix of schemes to classify the existing fundamental methods of recovery. For this effect, the investigation was proposed to be an instrument to improve the knowledge in the scientific and theoretical sectors, flanking the practical understanding, which has already started to move in this direction of reconversion, as the paper shows. publishersversion published

The massive growth of the ceramic industry and the consequent demand for construction materials worldwide has motivated the search for alternative solutions aimed at reducing the use of mineral/natural resources as the main source of raw materials. One of the strategies frequently adopted by the scientific community is the reuse of industrial waste. It is beneficial not only to reduce the overexploitation of mineral resources but also to reduce the environmental, economic and social impacts resulting from their incorrect disposal/treatment and consequent deposition on land unsuitable or that purpose. Duetoconsiderationssuchasphysico-mechanical characteristics and the high production rate, two different types of industrial waste were selected for this work, ashes resulting from the burning of coal in thermoelectric power plant, commonly known as bottom ash (B), and the Marble Powder (MP). It was intended to test the technological feasibility of the manufacture of ceramic materials produced from clay mixtures containing these two residues.For this purpose, the fine fraction(

Bread is a staple food prepared by baking a dough of flour and water. The virtually infinite combinations of different flours and differing proportions of ingredients has resulted in the wide variety of types, shapes, sizes, and textures available around the world. Considering the worldwide consume of this staple food, this study aimed to develop and assess the chemical and technological characteristics of a new biofortified blend, containing wheat, locust bean flours, iron and folic acid (applied in the form of powder or microcapsules), for the production of bread with nutritional and prophylactic characteristics for human health. Besides bread wheat properties for baking, locust wheat flours was added to the blend in a small amount (0.5%) to increase water absorbance through its polar amino groups of proteins, whereas folic acid and iron inclusion considered the human needs on a daily basis. An 85.89- and 3.93-fold increases for folic acid and iron was carried out through fortification. It was found that, relatively to wheat flour T65, the contents of some minerals (Ca, K, Si), fatty acids (C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1; C20:1) and sugars (raffinose, sucrose, glucose and fructose) were significantly higher in locust bean flour. Upon blends iron and folic acid fortification, toughness, deformation work / gluten strength and the elasticity index prevailed when powder was used, whereas minimum values were obtained for ash, toughness and gluten strength in the standard blend. Moreover, significant differences were not found for fatty acids. In bread biofortified with folic and iron in the form of powder, all fatty acids (excepting C18:2 and C18:3) prevailed, but lower values were found for sugars and total soluble solids. Moreover, breads height, weight, specific volume remained higher in standard bread, but upon application of benzoic acid or methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate lower shelf life values were found. Although from a hedonic perspective, consumers preferred the standard bread, the biofortified blend revealed a high-quality index suitable for development of a functional staple food incorporating iron and folic acid (in the form of powder or microcapsules). Nevertheless, folic acid as proved to be highly labile during baking, but incorporation of microcapsules slightly limited this degradation. Considering the shelf life of the biofortified bread, pulverization with methyl p-hydroxybenzoate seemed to be the most effective additive. publishersversion published