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This article examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the labor market in Germany. It raises concerns about job displacement and wealth disparities, comparing the situation to the historical "Engels' pause" during the Industrial Revolution. While Germany has not yet seen significant wealth inequalities due to AI, there is evidence of an AI-induced Engels' pause, with digital skills becoming increasingly important and AI adoption in the workplace increasing. The article also discusses the challenges faced by migrant workers, power imbalances, and Germany's regulatory approach to AI in the workplace. It highlights the upcoming EU Platform Work Directive and the differing interests of employers' organizations and trade unions in governing AI-driven tools. The potential impacts of AI on labor markets, including inequality and precarious work, are also explored. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for strong policy interventions to address socioeconomic challenges and promote fairness and inclusion in the digitalized world of work. [Extracted from the article]

This article provides an overview of the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) in Brazil, with a focus on its impact on labor and employment. While AI adoption in Brazilian industry is still limited, a significant portion of jobs in the country are considered highly vulnerable to AI. The article highlights the challenges and lack of regulation surrounding platform work and the potential impact of AI on agriculture. The Brazilian government has established the Brazilian National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (EBIA) to promote responsible AI development and the training of qualified professionals. Additionally, there are bills being drafted to regulate AI and establish principles, rights, and duties for its use, as well as to provide rights for individuals affected by AI systems. The article emphasizes the importance of social dialogue and workers' organizations in protecting workers' rights in the face of AI advancements. [Extracted from the article]

Data breaches have the potential to weaken employee morale, corporate reputations, and customer and supplier relationships, while also disrupting marketing investments and financial performance. Research on reducing their frequency and harm focuses on tactical solutions, though breaches represent serious, even existential threats to firms. To date, research has not attempted to simultaneously address the closely connected phenomena of preventing and recovering from data breaches. The authors propose that corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a strategic variable offering dual protection: reducing the likelihood of data breaches and attenuating harm when breaches occur. Drawing on stakeholder theory, the authors distinguish between internal (addressing primary stakeholders) and external (addressing secondary stakeholders) CSR. Study 1 shows that external CSR has no prophylactic effect, while moderate and high levels of internal CSR are equally effective at preventing data breaches, compared with low levels of internal CSR. Study 2 assesses mitigation following a data breach by examining (1) short-term effects (in the form of an event study on cumulative abnormal returns) and (2) long-term effects (with time-series analysis of Tobin's q). The results suggest that internal CSR props up financial performance only at high levels while the positive effect of external CSR is short-lived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), with its explicit consent requirement, may restrict the use of personal data and shake the foundations of online advertising. The ad industry has predicted drastic loss of revenue from GDPR compliance and has been seeking alternative ways of targeting. Taking advantage of an event created by an ad publisher's request for explicit consent from users with European Union IP addresses, the authors find that for a publisher that uses a pay-per-click model, has the capacity to leverage both user behavior and web page content information for advertising, and observes high consent rates, GDPR compliance leads to modest negative effects on ad performance, bid prices, and ad revenue. The changes in ad metrics can be explained by temporal variations in consent rates. The impact is most pronounced for travel and financial services advertisers and least pronounced for retail and consumer packaged goods advertisers. The authors further find that web page context can compensate for the loss of access to users' personal data, as the GDPR's negative impact is less pronounced when ads are posted on web pages presenting relevant content. The results suggest that publishers and advertisers should leverage targeting based on web page content after the GDPR's rollout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A person's rights to freedom of speech and access to information have undergone significant changes in the legislative approach, now they are the basic digital rights of a person. The article describes the current state of legal regulation of the media sphere and explains the legislator's understanding of online media and the possibility of legal regulation of social networks, which, according to current legislation, are named as platforms for sharing information and video. Main attention is paid to the Telegram platform, which although it is not currently a subject in the media sphere, but it is rapidly gaining momentum throughout the world and is the most popular in Ukraine, which make a significant impact on the Ukrainian information space. The article describes all risks that are associated with the use of the platform for the user and for national security in general. They are platform connection with Russia, the lack of a transparent ownership structure, as well as the lack of proper protection of personal data and other information about users. Another problem for Ukrainian national security is anonymous Telegram channels and the huge amount of disinformation that spreads by them. The article analysed European media regulation acts, which were recently adopted. Also, Ukrainian draft law, which aims to regulate the Telegram activity and other online platforms on the territory of Ukraine, was also studied. As a result of this reserch the authors come to the conclusion about the insufficiency of the introduction of the rules of reasonable Telegram use and the need to ban this platform on the territory of Ukraine, as it was done with Vkontakte and Odnoklassniki platforms (already banned on the territory of Ukraine). After all, only a complete ban on services related to the Russia can protect national security and will not harm the rights of its users to freedom of speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's digital world, where the amount of information that is stored and processed in cyberspace is constantly growing, the issue of personal data protection is becoming more and more relevant. Personal data, such as financial information, medical records, and social media data, is a valuable resource that can be used for both legitimate and malicious purposes. Despite the continuous improvement of security technologies, the growing complexity of cyber threats and the evolution of cyber attack methods create new challenges for the protection of personal information. In this connection, there is a need to analyze the modern problems of personal data protection, in particular the legal, technical and ethical aspects of this issue. Ensuring the security of personal data remains an urgent problem today, because more and more people use it. On the Internet, they pass authorization on various resources, using their personal data for this purpose, and more and more different institutions create peculiar databases, not always taking care of their safety. The insufficient measure of ensuring the security of personal data in cyberspace leads to excessive activity of cyberattacks and the commission of various manipulations with personal data. The relevance of the topic of personal data protection in cyberspace is due to several important factors that have a significant impact on modern society, economy and security. The main aspects that emphasize the relevance of this issue: the growth of digitalization; cyber threats; legal requirements; social responsibility and trust; economic consequences; technological challenges; international relations and geopolitics. Thus, the relevance of the topic of personal data protection in cyberspace is due to the complexity and global nature of this issue, as well as its importance for preserving privacy, security and trust in the digital world. This article is aimed at researching key challenges in the field of personal data protection in cyberspace, as well as providing recommendations for increasing the level of security and minimizing the risks of information leakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of the analysis of the changes that have taken place in the legal system of the Netherlands under the influence of digitalization, in particular in the area of property relations regulation. Positive experience in the Netherlands in the implementation of digital technologies in the field of maintaining a number of state registers, which have a direct connection with the mechanism of proper exercise of property rights, has been revealed. The gradual changes that took place from 1996 to today have been clarified. A review of the authentic register of buildings, which contains information on buildings, objects and permanent sites (berths) and has been in operation since July 1, 2011, was carried out. It is emphasized that in the regulation of property registers, special importance is attached to the protection of personal data, in particular, the current Law on the Protection of Personal Data (adopted on May 25, 2018) was analyzed. This legislative act maximally takes into account EU requirements in the field of recording and use of personal data. A Personal Data Base (BRP) has been created separately, which contains personal data of people living in the Netherlands (residents), and citizens living abroad and other non-residents. It was revealed that the Netherlands plans to transform the system of basic registers into a Unified Data System in the coming years. This development is part of the interagency data strategy program. Research has shown that using core registries is not always straightforward, especially for those trying to combine data from multiple registries. The main focus in the coming years will be on streamlining the process of extracting data from sources and their further integrated use, even for sectors and purposes that were not initially envisaged. Analyzed the legal principles and practice of electronic procurement in the Netherlands. A review of judicial practice regarding consideration of the issue of ownership of digital data was carried out. It was established that the issues regarding the adoption of special acts on the regulation of the use of artificial intelligence, the recognition of cryptocurrencies and the owner ship of digital data are unresolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work is devoted to the study of the problem of personal data protection in health care. Today, the world is dominated by a global socio-cultural process of informatization, which is based on the priority of collecting, accumulating, creating, processing, storing, exchanging and using information in any form. The growing demand for information technologies allowed modern science to characterize the new stage of society's development as an «information society». At the same time, the number of violations of the functioning of information carriers and information about a person is constantly increasing. It was emphasized that the sphere of healthcare and medicine was not an exception in the process of informatization of all spheres of human activity, which contributed and optimized the functioning and development of such spheres. The modern trend towards a rapid increase in the amount of data circulating in the information space has not escaped the sphere of health care, which has a high degree of vulnerability due to the sensitivity of data on the state of health of a person and a citizen. Nowadays, with the development of the information society, it is quite easy to identify a specific person and obtain confidential personal information about him. Therefore, issues of protection from third parties of personal data contained in centralized databases of medical information systems remain relevant. Reforms in health care, such as the introduction of electronic systems and changes in legislation, indeed generate a lot of scientific research in the field of personal data protection. This important aspect, after maintaining the confidentiality of medical information and the protection of personal data, is key to ensuring trust in the health care system. Research in this area may include evaluating the effectiveness of data protection measures, analyzing the risks of using electronic medical information processing systems, developing and improving data encryption and authentication methods, as well as studying legal aspects of personal data protection in health care. These studies help understand potential threats and identify best practices for ensuring the security and privacy of health information, which contributes to improving the quality of health care and increasing public confidence in the health care system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scientific article comprehensively examines various methods and approaches to the administrative and legal protection of personal data in the online environment. Emphasis is placed on the importance of comprehensive application of various methods of protection, as well as on the need for constant improvement of legislation in this area, taking into account the development of new technologies and challenges. The article thoroughly studies the theoretical principles of administrative and legal protection of personal data. The concepts of «personal data» and «administrative protection» are studied in the context of this topic. The provisions of the current legislation of Ukraine and the European Union, which regulate the issue of personal data protection, are analyzed. The authors pay special attention to the activities of the Commissioner of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine for human rights in the field of personal data protection. The powers of the Commissioner are disclosed, as well as the procedures for carrying out inspections and applying measures for administrative termination of violations of legislation in the field of persona l data protection. An important aspect of the research is the analysis of administrative liability for violation of the legislation on personal data protection. Describes the types of violations for which administrative responsibility is provided. The article offers a number of recommendations for improving the administrative and legal protection of personal data in Ukraine. These include the adoption of new and amendments to current legislation that would more clearly regulate the issue of personal data protection in the online environment; ensuring adequate financing of the activities of the Commissioner of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine for human rights; conducting regular trainings and seminars for civil servants and business representatives on issues of personal data protection; strengthening cooperation with international organizations in the field of personal data protection. Based on the conducted research, the author concludes that administrative and legal methods of personal data protection are an important component of a comprehensive system of protection of human rights and freedoms in the digital environment. The effectiveness of personal data protection can be ensured only under the condition of comprehensive application of various methods, constant improvement of legislation and effective control over its compli ance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to identifying the peculiarities of contractual relations in digital circulation. Digital turnover is becoming increasingly widespread, which leads to the emergence of new forms of contractual relations characterized by significant differences. The purpose of the article is to reveal the characteristics and peculiarities of contractual relations arising within the framework of digital civil turnover. The study of contractual relations in digital circulation is necessitated by the lack of sustainable legal regulation of this area which requires further improvement. The peculiarity of building relations in digital circulation is associated with its technical properties, primarily the need to gain access to digital platforms for the exercise of subjective rights by users. The author emphasizes that the exercise of subjective rights in digital circulation can be realized only through the use of complex intellectual property objects, in particular, those combining computer programs, databases, music, animation objects, photographs, etc. The author proposes to distinguish the following types of relations in the field of digital circulation: 1) regarding the creation and maintenance of digital circulation (legal regime of intellectual property rights); 2) organizational relations in the field of business administration of the digital environment (corporate, labor relations with the appropriate legal regime); 3) between the user and the administrator of the relevant digital environment (contractual regulation, with elements of the legal regime of personal data protection); 4) between users of the digital space regarding digital assets (a complex regime of legal regulation which may combine the legal regimes of The author emphasizes that contractual relations in digital circulation are based on both civil law and rules and standards used in electronic systems. It is proved that different types of relations require a comprehensive application of different legal norms and are mediated by different agreements, such as: license agreements; agreements for the provision of digital services (cloud storage, marketplaces); sale and purchase of goods; exchange and pledge of digital assets; token agreements (regulating the use of cryptocurrencies and other tokens in digital ecosystems), etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, multimodal authentication methods based on deep learning have been widely explored in biometrics. Nevertheless, the contradiction between the data privacy protection and the requirement of sufficient data when model optimizing has become increasingly prominent. To this end, we proposes a multimodal biometric federated learning framework (FedMB) to realize the multiparty joint training of identity authentication models with different modal data while protecting the users' data privacy. Specifically, a personalized multimodal biometric recognition model fully trained by each participant is first obtained to improve the authentication performance, using modal point clustering with class‐first federated learning methods on the service side with the modal. Then a complementary multimodal biometric recognition strategy is implemented to build a complementary modal model. Finally, the fusion participant local model, with the modal model and complementary modal model, is trained by all participants again to obtain a more personalized modal model. The experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed FedMB can either protect the data privacy or utilize the data from all participants to train the personalized biometric recognition model to improve identity authentication performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Court of Justice issued a judgment on the processing of data concerning health in the context of online marketing of pharmacy-only medicinal products. The case involved a dispute between two pharmacy operators regarding the processing of customer data on an online platform. The Court clarified that personal data entered by customers when ordering pharmacy-only medicinal products online constitutes data concerning health, even if the products do not require a prescription. The judgment emphasized the broad interpretation of data concerning health to ensure a high level of protection for individuals' fundamental rights and freedoms. [Extracted from the article]

The article is devoted to the topic of introducing new approaches to the provision of administrative services in Ukraine based on the approval of new principles of their provision. It is noted that administrative services are the leading means of realizing the rights of citizens in the field of public administration, because the absolute majority of cases decided by public administration bodies are initiated by citizens themselves and concern their subjective rights. The Ukrainian state quite successfully coped with the challenges in the field of administrative services after the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on February 24, 2022. At the current stage, the format of “state-citizen” and “state-business” relations must be modernized taking into account modern technologies, optimization of procedures and improvement of service quality . Of great importance in he process of providing administrative services is the focus on modern, objective principles of their provision determined by socio-economic and technological development. After all, today a widespread phenomenon is the “digitalization” of the process of providing administrative services, which involves the introduction of electronic document management, the creation of online platforms for receiving services, and the automation of administrative procedures. The Center for Political and Legal Reforms developed the “Strategy for the reform of administrative services and their digitalization”. From the analysis of the document, it follows that the principles of providing administrative services today need a doctrinal update in their interpretation. In particular, the system of principles of administrative services should be supplemented with such things as decentralization of powers, simplification of procedures for the provision of administrative services, formality, integration of basic services in the Central Administrative Service, compensability for the provision of administrative services, unification of the procedure for resolving administrative cases, development of electronic public services, proactivity of public administration in in the field of provision of administrative services, protection of personal data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid digitization of the modern world has led to an increase in the collection and processing of personal data. The principles of transparency and consent have become crucial for citizens to understand how their data is being used and to be able to give their voluntary consent to its processing. Ukraine is actively adapting its legislation to EU standards in the field of personal data protection. In particular, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) affects approaches to data collection and processing. Examining transparency and consent in the context of these changes can help identify which aspects of the law need special attention. Citizens are becoming increasingly cautious about who they trust with their data. This article analyzes and evaluates the role and impact of the principles of transparency and consent on the effective mechanism of personal data protection in Ukraine, taking into account modern technological and legislative challenges. Studying these principles demonstrates their importance and relevance in today’s digital society. The principle of transparency determines the need for accessible and understandable information for data subjects regarding the processing of their data. Openness is a fundamental requirement for maintaining trust between organizations and citizens. Providing the ability to control and regulate their data allows data subjects to play a more active role in the processing and use of their personal data. The principle of consent, in turn, emphasizes the voluntary and informed nature of consent to data processing. The consent of the data subject determines the basis for the legal processing of personal data, ensuring harmony between the rights of citizens and the interests of organizations. As technology advances and legislation changes, transparency and consent become even more important aspects. They help build trust between organizations and citizens, ensure responsible use of personal data, and empower individuals to control their own information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spurred by the simultaneous need for data privacy protection and data sharing, federated learning (FL) has been proposed. However, it still poses a risk of privacy leakage in it. This paper, an improved Differential Privacy (DP) algorithm to protect the federated learning model. Additionally, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used in the computation of the privacy budget , to minimize the impact of limited arithmetic resources and numerous users on the effectiveness of training model. Moreover, instead of direct analyses of the privacy budget through various methods, Privacy Loss Distribution (PLD) and privacy curves are adopted, while the number of artificial assignments hyperparameters is reduced, and the grid parameters delineated for FFT use are improved. The improved algorithm tightens parameter bounds and minimizes human factors' influence with minimal efficiency impact. It decreases the errors caused by truncation and discreteness of PLDs while expanding the discreteness interval to reduce the calculation workload. Furthermore, an improved activation function using a temper sigmoid with only one parameter , smooths the accuracy curve and mitigates drastically fluctuating scenarios during model training. Finally, simulation results on real datasets show that our improved DP algorithm, which accounts for long trailing, facilitates a better balance between privacy and utility in federated learning models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to the legal analysis of the case law of the CJEU and the ECtHR regarding the implementation of the right to be forgotten and the right to privacy. It is established that the development of digital technologies has enabled rapid information exchange and its almost indefinite storage in the digital environment. However, such widespread availability of data about individuals and the inability to update or supplement this information have posed new challenges to society in ensuring the protection of personal data and privacy. The right to be forgotten is one of the tools through which a person can delete truthful but outdated information about themselves on the Internet, provided that such information is not of public interest. It is proven that although the right to be forgotten has been implemented within the EU for over a decade, lawyers and human rights activists consider it the second most complex obligation of the General Data Protection Regulation to implement. It is argued that both the CJEU and the ECtHR often inadequately describe the factual circumstances of cases and disregard the confidentiality of the parties involved. Individuals who apply to the court for the deletion or anonymization of personal data on the Internet often receive the opposite effect due to the public and scientific community’s interest in such cases. It is argued that in order to maintain a reasonable balance between privacy and freedom of expression, court decisions should contain all factual circumstances of the case, but the personal data of the parties involved and other circumstances that may indicate the applicant should be anonymized. This will help avoid censorship, ensure the right to memory, and enable an understanding of the factual basis on which courts have developed their legal arguments. It is argued that since the materials of cases before the ECtHR and the CJEU are often transmitted to national courts of member states for quality protection of confidentiality, it is necessary for them to correctly anonymize the personal data of the parties involved in the case and information that could identify the applicant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital law is a new form of implementation of legal relations in the field of cyber regulation in various areas: digital rights in digital circulation, cyber security, protection of personal data, regulation of cross-border digital transactions, implementation of social rights based on technological platforms, formation of electronic government, electronic state. Currently, the process of digitalization of law is taking place, that is, the use of new digital technologies to optimize legal relations, as well as procedures for creating a new digital reality, which also requires legal regulation. Digital reality shapes human behavior, norms of social relations, creates digital law and digital legal awareness. In the conditions of the digital economy and virtual space, the need for a new look at legal institutions in the era of information society and digital technologies, consistent adaptation of traditional legal mechanisms to new realities is obvious. Further development of legal regulation of digital rights and digital civil turnover is possible according to the conceptual model of “digitalization” of traditional law. The new paradigm of the development of law consists in the “digitalization” of law, that is, the use of digital technologies to optimize legal regulation, as well as the formation of civil digital turnover. Therefore, digital law is a system of legal norms regarding the use of digital technologies, which regulates legal relations that arise in connection with the use of digital data and the use of digital technologies. Digital law is a complex interdisciplinary institution of law that unites legal norms that regulate legal relations arising in connection with the acquisition, exercise, alienation and protection of digital rights, as well as with the use of digital technologies by subjects of digital law. The mechanism of legal regulation of relations in the digital environment is based on the fact that they have an informational nature, since they arise in connection with the implementation of certain actions with information in digital form (digital data). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reveals the process of identifying an individual as a participant in civil legal affairs in the current digital world. It is agreed that the rapid development of modern digital technologies will require rethinking and updating of legal terminology. The concept of digital identity is relevant and complex for current legal systems in the world. Analysis and adaptation of existing legislation to digital progress is inevitable. Digital identity can be seen in many aspects, focusing on stable forms, such as social and legal. Digital identity is a version of a person’s social identity. Continuous collection of information obtained as a result of an individual’s online activity, which can be manifested in the appearance of a name, publication, comments, etc. It is stated that the legal forms of an individual’s identity in a civil-legal sense in the light of digital law will require expansion. The emphasis is on the classic forms of digital identity, which is persistent identity, constructed identity and captured identity. Stable identity is immutable information. Like a butt, this name is given to the people. The formation of identity, as the development of a specific feature of a digital individual, which is seen as a persistent reality at the beginning stage of digital life, in addition to which person positions himself in the digital world. This process defines individuals to others and to themselves. Fragments of factual identity represent the unique characteristics of an individual and his affiliation to a particular social group. The formation of identity clearly flows into a particular identity, in addition to which the individual presents himself as a discrete unit in the digital world. It is possible through individualization, in addition to some non-differentiation, that the individual does not become unique, but goes through stages, through some differentiated aspects of people’s lives, and thus achieves more inseparable goals. Following the constructed identity makes it possible to understand that it is also possible to change information in this form of identity, such as changing a name when laying a sluice. On the Internet, as a rule, only the constructed identity of an individual is indicated. The remaining form of traceable identity, which is captured identity. There is a need for information that a person needlessly does not disclose to other participants in the digital space. For example, passport data, identification code, etc. These nutritional data will require further analysis and investigation. The historical analysis reveals the multiple stages of the emergence of digital identity, and the value of the new concept of the online representation of an individual for his or her existence in the cyberspace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Multi-ligament knee injuries present in various combinations of structures around the knee joint, with or without involvement of neurovascular structures, posing significant challenges to the treating physician and therapists. Accurate diagnosis with appropriate surgical intervention and comprehensive rehabilitation to restore function and stability is, therefore, paramount. This article looks at the recent advancements in technology that are aiding in the management of these injuries. Method: An extensive search of literature was done in PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar on this topic and the necessary information was derived from the relevant articles for this review. The progress made in the field of diagnosis, surgical management, rehabilitation and patient education tools were explored. Discussion: A wide variety of diagnostic tools exists that are providing a more accurate evaluation of multi-ligament knee injuries both pre-operatively and post operatively. Advances in technology and techniques have aided in transforming their surgical management to a more minimally invasive approach. Patient-specific instrumentation, computer navigation and robotic-assisted surgery are in various stages of development offering enhanced precision and accuracy during ligament reconstruction procedures along with developments in digital technology and artificial intelligence. Conclusion: Advancements in technology have transformed the management of multi-ligament knee injuries, offering new tools and techniques that enhance diagnostic accuracy, surgical precision, and rehabilitation effectiveness. Artificial intelligence and its utility have widened the horizons, while at the same time bringing in the need for regulations necessary to monitor and develop these technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As digital technologies and AI systems increasingly pervade banking services, understanding customers' digital capabilities and awareness of AI ethics principles is paramount. This paper delves into these critical aspects among banking clientele. Employing a survey research approach with a cross-sectional design, an online survey via Google Forms was distributed to 500 banking customers, of whom 466 responded. The survey evaluated respondents' digital competencies and AI ethics awareness through multiple-choice questions and Likert scale items. Utilizing IBM SPSS version 28 and Microsoft 365 analysis software, descriptive statistics and statistical analysis were conducted to discern trends and patterns. The key finding emphasizes the urgency for financial institutions to invest in digital technologies enhancing customer experiences and fostering ethical AI adoption. A significant policy implication underscores the need for policymakers and regulatory bodies to collaborate with the banking sector, developing clear guidelines for responsible AI practices, prioritizing customer privacy, data protection, and fairness in AI algorithms. This study also introduces the CORE AI framework, concentrating on responsible AI adoption, customer-centricity, and strategic optimization, promising positive outcomes for stakeholders. The original contribution of this research lies in its comprehensive exploration of the nexus between digital competencies and AI ethics awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protecting children online is a priority for the EU legislator. Since July 2021, an interim regulation allows service providers to derogate from confidentiality safeguards in the e-privacy Directive to fight child sexual abuse online. The European Commission aims to repeal this legislation with a proposal of May 2022. This Regulation will require providers to monitor users' content communication for online child sexual abuse, among other things. Privacy experts worry that confidentiality standards (i.e. end-to-end encryption) will be weakened and that the Regulation will serve as a basis for indiscriminate interception of content communications. However, the implications of the proposal go beyond privacy and data protection and will impact criminal justice rights too. Therefore, this contribution presents a comprehensive analysis of the proposal from a privacy, data protection and criminal justice perspective. It examines the proportionality of the measure and its implications within the Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice (AFSJ). Specifically, it looks at purpose limitation issues in data exchanges and the admissibility of such evidence in criminal proceedings. The aim is to show that the EU, while aiming at increasing data circulation in the AFSJ, might not be ready for this challenge from an infrastructural and fundamental rights standpoint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Privacy by Design (PbD) is crucial for fundamental privacy protection. However, PbD remains a voluntary initiative without any means to ensure its effective implementation. Article 25 GDPR codifies PbD as a legal obligation requiring technologies processing personal data to follow Data Protection by Design and by Default (DPbDD). However, Article 25 is only binding on controllers which limits its scope. For instance, the design of technologies may not coincide with the entry of the controller into the digital value chain. This implies that the burden of implementing DPbDD lies on the users of technology and not on its designers, questioning the true extent of protection by design if stages like product development and innovation are excluded. This paper explores the legislative motivation behind the personal scope of Article 25. A holistic interpretation of Article 25 in light of other provisions of the GDPR shows a possibility, albeit not direct, to influence the design phase of technologies. However, it remains unclear whether this possibility ensures a co-division of responsibility. To address this, we propose examining corporate supply chain due diligence, specifically the due diligence obligations of mother companies for actions of their subsidiaries and business relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The transmission of informational privacy has become a fertile ground for debate among competing actors affected by the proliferation of information communication technologies. Contexts are among the factors that shape the flow of informational privacy. The existing discussion however has been mainly dominated by perspectives from the Global North and the able-bodied. In response, based on interview data collected from people with disabilities (PwD) living in Vietnam, this study offers the continuum of context in informational privacy transmissions as a concept to illuminate the types, the levels, and the interest of the transmission and the capability of PwD to manage the flow of their informational privacy. The concept has the potential to enrich the existing discussion by providing more nuance and dynamic of informational privacy transmissions situated in the Global South and among groups who have been historically marginalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research introduces a novel security framework specifically tailored to enhance data protection during cloud transmission and migration. Our study addresses critical gaps in existing security models by proposing a multi-dimensional system that incorporates advanced encryption techniques, dynamic access control, and continuous security auditing. Notably, this framework excels in ensuring cloud data integrity, confidentiality, and availability--core aspects often compromised under conventional methods. Comparative analysis with existing models in simulated cloud environments reveals that our framework significantly enhances threat detection accuracy, response speed, and resource management efficiency. The findings highlight the system's capability to reduce security vulnerabilities while optimizing operational overhead, presenting a substantial improvement over traditional security solutions. This innovative approach, marked by improved scalability and flexibility, is poised to revolutionize cloud data security practices across various industries, prompting further research into robust cloud computing security methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Protecting data transmission, which plays a capital importance for data confidentiality, has recently been recognized as significant attention. Several research works using the data hiding paradigm have tried to apply steganography in digital images to protect the secret bits of confidential data against unwanted access throughout the public network commonly used. Nevertheless, the existing steganography algorithm faces a common challenge of a significant distortion of the image transmitted through the public network after concealing the secret bits in its pixels. To address this steganography problem in digital images, this article presents a new algorithm to optimize embeddable pixels used to yield a quality stego image with fewer distortions. The proposed method transforms the secret bits into a simplified format by changing the base system and mathematical sorting to reduce the magnitude, making the payload size significantly minimal. The proposed method is experimentally tested using 256 x 256 grayscale images from the Signal and Image Processing Institute (SIPI) database as cover images and random bits generated from Lorem Ipsum text as secret data. The method's performance is compared to the recent Difference Expansion (DE) method, showing superior results with an average Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of 85 dB and a Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) of 0.99, indicating higher stego image quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The diagnostic accuracy of colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) depends on a well-cleansed bowel. Evaluating the cleansing quality can be difficult with a substantial interobserver variation. Objectives: Our primary aim was to establish a standard of agreement for bowel cleansing in CCE based on evaluations by expert readers. Then, we aimed to investigate the interobserver agreement on bowel cleansing. Design: We conducted an interobserver agreement study on bowel cleansing quality. Methods: Readers with different experience levels in CCE and colonoscopy evaluated bowel cleansing quality on the Leighton–Rex scale and Colon Capsule CLEansing Assessment and Report (CC-CLEAR), respectively. All evaluations were reported on an image level. A total of 24 readers rated 500 images on each scale. Results: An expert opinion-based agreement standard could be set for poor and excellent cleansing but not for the spectrum in between, as the experts agreed on only a limited number of images representing fair and good cleansing. The overall interobserver agreement on the Leighton–Rex full scale was good (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.84, 95% CI (0.82–0.85)) and remained good when stratified by experience level. On the full CC-CLEAR scale, the overall agreement was moderate (ICC 0.62, 95% CI (0.59–0.65)) and remained so when stratified by experience level. Conclusion: The interobserver agreement was good for the Leighton–Rex scale and moderate for CC-CLEAR, irrespective of the reader's experience level. It was not possible to establish an expert-opinion standard of agreement for cleansing quality in CCE images. Dedicated training in using the scales may improve agreement and enable future algorithm calibration for artificial intelligence supported cleansing evaluation. Trial registration: All included images were derived from the CAREforCOLON 2015 trial (Registered with The Regional Health Research Ethics Committee (Registration number: S-20190100), the Danish data protection agency (Ref. 19/29858), and ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number: NCT04049357)). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histone modifications can regulate transcription epigenetically by marking specific genomic loci, which can be mapped using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq). Here we present QHistone, a predictive database of 1534 ChIP-seqs from 27 histone modifications in Arabidopsis, offering three key functionalities. Firstly, QHistone employs machine learning to predict the epigenomic profile of a query protein, characterized by its most associated histone modifications, and uses these modifications to infer the protein's role in transcriptional regulation. Secondly, it predicts synergistic regulatory activities between two proteins by comparing their profiles. Lastly, it detects previously unexplored co-regulating protein pairs by screening all known proteins. QHistone accurately identifies histone modifications associated with specific known proteins, and allows users to computationally validate their results using gene expression data from various plant tissues. These functions demonstrate an useful approach to utilizing epigenome data for gene regulation analysis, making QHistone a valuable resource for the scientific community (https://qhistone.paoyang.ipmb.sinica.edu.tw). QHistone is a machine learning tool for Arabidopsis that predicts histone modifications and synergistic interactions. It helps researchers understand gene cooperation, identify new protein partners, and gain insights into plant epigenetic regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things, smart grids, etc. contain processors, sensors, and communication hardware that exchange information with other devices in the network and act on the acquired information. These generate huge amounts of data which are stored in cloud/edge servers managed by third parties and are exposed to the internet. The data often include sensitive information, and the protection of such privacy-sensitive data is important. Attribute-based encryption is one of the most popular methods to address security and privacy challenges encountered in such cases. However, most of the existing classical attribute-based schemes are not secure against quantum attacks and can be broken using Shor's algorithm. Given this, secure (single-authority) quantum attribute-based schemes have been recently studied. To the best of our knowledge, quantum multi-authority attribute-based schemes have not received much attention and are missing in the literature. Here, we propose a novel construction of a quantum multi-authority attribute-based encryption scheme. The privacy of the encryption scheme is derived using trap codes and quantum secret-sharing schemes. Our construction is based on discrete-time quantum walks and is shown to be portable and usable in several variants of multi-authority schemes. We also demonstrate quantum advantage in terms of computational cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Email is a medium in business communication that people use everyday and not only holds sensitive information but also identity for the user and organization. The uniqueness of information contained make phishing detection and remedy cannot be applied generally. Existing method applied in common on security software such as blacklisting keyword or email address is not enough to outpace evolving phishing method. Nowadays the implementation of machine learning and deep learning grow rapidly fast and the method used by machine learning and deep learning that can learn pattern of inputs and natural language processing making classification to detect email phishing promising, this study present proposed method of phishing mail classification by comparing the use of machine learning and deep learning model, The algorithm used in this paper are recurrent convolutional neural network and random forest with tf-idf and fasttext word embedding. The Dataset contain phishing and legitimate of an email gathered from a trading company in Indonesia. The dataset will be split into 70% for training and 30% for testing. As a result of this comparison, the random forest model with tf-idf word embedding achieve highest accuracy of 100% for the dataset used and the highest accuracy for recurrent convolutional neural network model with fasttext is 98.21%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Acta Bioética article from October 1, 2024 addresses the ethical and bioethical challenges in research data management in Chile, in relation to European regulations such as the GDPR and FAIR principles. The role of institutions such as La Referencia, CLACSO, and UNESCO in promoting practices aligned with European standards is highlighted. The importance of integrating responsible data management in research is emphasized, including the implementation of DPIAs in Chile to improve data protection. [Extracted from the article]

This article investigates an under-discussed provision of the European Union's (EU's) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) regarding genetic data, i.e., the right to be forgotten. The debate on this right came from the commercerelated side of data protection instead of the medical side. Thus, this article addresses the implications of the RTBF for the lawful processing of familial genetic data. The article develops a normative, ethically focused principles argument about interpreting genetic data's right to be forgotten. It gives due consideration to autonomy, privacy, and human dignity. It argues that the individualistic approach of genetic privacy materialised through the extreme solution of data erasure is challenging to combine with familial and scientific research interests. The article suggests an interpretation of the GDPR according to bioethical principles and the inclusion of a specific exception regarding genetic data to prevent patients from claiming the right to be forgotten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laypeople believe that sharing their emotional experiences with others will improve their understanding of those experiences, but no clear empirical evidence supports this belief. To address this gap, we used data from four daily life studies (N = 659; student and community samples) to explore the association between social sharing and subsequent emotion differentiation, which involves labeling emotions with a high degree of complexity. Contrary to our expectations, we found that social sharing of emotional experiences was linked to greater subsequent emotion differentiation on occasions when people ruminated less than usual about these experiences. In contrast, on occasions when people ruminated more than usual about their experiences, social sharing of these experiences was linked to lower emotion differentiation. These effects held when we controlled for levels of negative emotion. Our findings suggest that putting feelings into words through sharing may only enable emotional precision when that sharing occurs without dwelling or perseverating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]