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Binjharpuri, a dual purpose indigenous breed of Odisha is commonly reared for its various advantages, viz. optimum milk production in low input management system, excellent draft ability in hot humid climate condition and heat resistance ability. In the present study, attempt was made to evaluate production performance along with influence of non- genetic effects such as location, lactation order and season of calving on production traits of binjharpuri cattle. The overall average least square means along with standard error for lactation milk yield, average daily milk yield, peak yield, lactation length and dry period were found to be 974.490±6.788 kg, 3.557±0.023 kg, 4.633±0.021 kg, 274.444±1.249 days and 121.913±0.611 days, respectively. Location had highly significant effect on lactation milk yield, average daily milk yield, lactation length and dry period, whereas non-significant effect on peak yield. Lactation order too had highly significant effect on the traits considered under study. Season of calving had highly significant effect on lactation milk yield, average daily milk yield; significant effect on lactation length whereas non-significant effect on peak yield and dry period. Significant influence of non-genetic factors and significant variations in traits under study is suggestive that remarkable improvement in the Binjharpuri cattle populace can be targeted through better management and by nurturing effective breeding strategies.

In this paper, we deal with some hypergraphic aspects of near-rings and near-ring groups. A search for sufficient condition of two-sided hyper continuous char-acteristics of the attached binary operations in an algebraic structure interestingly leads us to the structure of Klein four group as the most suitable one. Hyper openness and quasi-regular elements of a near-ring are closely connected through zero annihilators of some elements. A hyper bounded near-ring and a fully radical near-ring group give us the pseudo open character of the radical group. The link between the hyper nilpo-tent elements and radical is another important result. The hyper squeezed character of quasi regular cyclic near-ring groups leads to pseudo closedness of the direct sum related to quasi regular left ideals. Pseudo nilpotent elements in a near-ring group give pseudo closedness of the direct sum of maximal ideals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sahiwal is an outstanding milch breed of cattle originated from the Sahiwal area, Montgomery district of Punjab in Pakistan. Performance evaluation of this breed in the high humid condition of north-east India is very much limited. Assam Agricultural University is maintaining a pure herd of Sahiwal cattle in the College of Veterinary Science, Khanapara since August 2017 to conserve, propagate and bring about genetic improvement of this breed. Methods: The study was carried out in Sahiwal cattle farm, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati by utilizing 25 numbers of Sahiwal calves. Least squares analysis of variance technique (1975) was undertaken to analyze the body weights of calves at monthly intervals up to six months of age. Result: Overall mean for body weights of calves were found as 26.96±0.27 kg, 32.03±0.47 kg, 37.03±0.62 kg, 42.91±0.76 kg, 48.45±0.77 kg, 55.22±0.77 kg and 62.08±0.88 kg at the day of birth, 1st month, 2nd month, 3rd month, 4th month, 5th month and 6th month respectively. Analysis of variance revealed that the bodyweight of male calves was significantly heavier than that of the female calves (<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nano powders were synthesized by an auto combustion method and then heat treated at different temperatures in air for a fixed time. As a consequence, a distribution in particle size and strain was incorporated within the specimens, as estimated from the Rietveld refinement analysis of the powder x-ray diffraction data. The changes in the microstructure and crystal structure parameters were carefully extracted through the refinement analysis. Thermal annealing causes increment in the dispersion and mean of the size distribution. Reallocation of cations in the lattice sites occur as a consequence of the heat treatment which was manifested in their altered unit cell length (a), r.m.s. strain ({ε2}½), oxygen positional parameter (u), metal-oxygen bond lengths (ROA and ROB), and the band positions (v1and v2) in the vibrational spectroscopy. We also investigate the hyperfine and magnetic properties of the samples using different instrumental techniques (with different operating time scales) like Mössbauer spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. Results show that the effect of particle size distribution was manifested in their hyperfine field distribution profile, paramagnetic resonance spectra, and magnetic anisotropy energy distribution profile. Co-existence of superparamagnetic and ferrimagnetic phase was recorded at room temperature in the samples when annealed at lower temperature. However, with increase in annealing temperature, the nature of the size distribution changes and ferrimagnetic ordering predominates for the larger size nanoparticles. Thus, the effect of particle size distribution on the structural, hyperfine, and magnetic properties of various Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles was investigated herein which hitherto has not been discussed in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticles of diameters in the range of 4.2–46 nm have been used to grow nanoshells of lithium niobate with thicknesses in the range of 2.2–22 nm in a silicate glass matrix. The lithium niobate shells form a percolative network and show electronic conduction. This has been explained as due to Mott’s variable range hopping conduction mechanism. The hopping is interparticle because the density of localized states is found to be in reasonable agreement with the density of nanoparticles with a core-shell structure. The ac conductivity is shown to be dependent on frequency with the exponent having a value around 0.5. This arises due to the charge motion’s being operative in a two-dimensional structure with one of these dimensions involved in such motion. Optical absorption of the core-shell structured nanoparticles exhibits two peaks—one around 350 nm is ascribed to plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles which are not covered by a niobate shell, and the other in the range of 550–650 nm is caused by light scattering from the core-shell structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocomposites containing silver particles of diameter of 20 nm with silver orthosilicate crystals forming the shell with thickness around 21 nm closely packed in a silicate glass were prepared. The ac conductivity of samples subjected to different heat treatments were measured over the frequency range of 100 Hz to 6 MHz in the temperature range of 500–570 K. The data were analyzed by the Macdonald model based on Kohlrausch-related frequency response formalism designated as CK0. The reference system was taken as the glass-crystal composite containing a lithium orthosilicate crystalline phase. The shape parameter βo for the reference system was found to be 0.33, whereas that for the nanocomposites was extracted to be 0.46. The former implied a one-dimensional lithium ion motion along the grain boundaries of the orthosilicate crystals, whereas the latter indicated that there was a one-dimensional silver ion motion in an effective two-dimensional structure in the shell surface because of a high stress condition along the radial direction of the core-shell composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]