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During our modern era, there are various types and numbers of chemically dangerous objects in the territory of our Republic, and they are constantly in operation. Thus, during the operation of these objects, significant reserves of dangerous chemicals of an emergency nature are used in a certain amount. According to information, thousands of tons of hazardous chemical substances are transported from one area to another in the Republic of Azerbaijan every year. So, the vehicles carrying those types of chemically dangerous substances have to pass through areas inhabited by people. Also, in case of accidents during the transportation, there may be a large number of people in the chemical contamination zone. As we know, as a result of the spillage of dangerous chemicals, the environment, living beings, people, and animals are damaged in a huge amount. In order to prevent this, a plan of various measures should be implemented. In this article, special parameters were mainly used in the study of the dispersion of dangerous chemicals as a result of an accident and risk assessment, which are used for the main work: 1. Toxodose of dangerous chemicals according to distance and effect. 2. The average concentration of dangerous chemical substances entering the human body by inhalation. 3. Site of accidental spillage of chemical hazardous substances. 4. Area coefficient of distribution of known types of hazardous chemicals. 5. Infiltration [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between the thickness of skin in preterm infants and its link with bilirubin and mortality, as this may help understanding the potential deleterious effects of phototherapy. Observational, prospective cohort study enrolling preterm neonates needing phototherapy and admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) and blood bilirubin were simultaneously measured before the onset of phototherapy, if any. The skin depth was measured by high-frequency point-of-care ultrasound. Mortality risk was estimated using the critical risk index for babies-II. Correlations and multivariate regressions (adjusting for several confounders) were applied to study the relationship between skin depth, TcB, and predicted mortality. One hundred fifty-nine neonates were studied. There was a positive and steady correlation between skin depth and TcB (r = 0.402 (95%CI: 0.206; 0.568), p < 0.001) and inverse correlation between skin depth and predicted mortality (r = –0.503 (95%CI: –0.61; –0.37), p < 0.001) as well as between TcB and predicted mortality (r = –0.303 (95%CI: –0.49; –0.09), p = 0.005). Multivariate analyses showed skin depth to be the strongest risk factors associated with both increasing TcB (β = 198 (59;338), p < 0.001) and decreasing risk of death (β = –24 (–46;2), p = 0.049). Blood bilirubin and gestational age were also associated with TcB and predicted mortality, respectively. Conclusion: In NICU-admitted preterm infants, thicker skin is associated with higher TcB levels irrespective of gestational age. Greater skin depth is also associated with lower predicted mortality irrespective of blood bilirubin. What is Known: • In preterm infants, phototherapy may improve neuro-developmental outcomes but, particularly in the smallest and sickest ones, may increase mortality. • Mechanisms behind this effect are unclear but could involve the small thickness of preterm skin. This however has never been studied in relationship with bilirubin and mortality. What is New: • In NICU-admitted preterm infants, thicker skin is associated with higher levels of transcutaneous bilirubin, irrespective of gestational age and with lower predicted mortality, irrespective of blood bilirubin. • These data suggest that a thinner skin may contain less bilirubin to be photoisomerised and protect internal tissues less efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropologists' analyses of the idioms and discourses of disruption, danger, and vulnerability encountered in their fieldwork tend to be synchronic, rarely drawing on longitudinal research to engage the historical and cultural-political dynamics contributing to transformations in these domains. This article addresses the latter dynamics based on multi-sited, historically oriented ethnographic fieldwork in Malaysia spanning the period 1978–2018. One set of empirical and theoretical objectives involves examining how and why fears and anxieties having to do with local spirits and human thieves become entwined with – if not superseded by – disquiet concerning the risks and dangers associated with pluralism, liberalism, and sexualized Others. Another involves illustrating some of the ways crime talk in the new millennium incorporates both 'traditional' and late modern themes and for these and other reasons is usefully regarded as a global assemblage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safari holidays are now a major part of the African tourist industry and food has become an essential aspect of the adventure. In the late nineteenth century, rugged imperialist explorers shot and consumed many of the large African animals, while after the First World War, luxury safaris for the rich became the norm. First as gentlemen explorers, and then as guides on hunting safaris, 'Great White Hunters' and their pervasive ideology of muscular Christianity prevailed. The period from the late nineteenth through the first part of the twentieth century is looked back upon as the golden age of the safari. Today, many safari tourists are provided with 'fine cuisine', but with accompanying 'nods' to the food of this golden age. At the same time, some safari guides provide reenactments of cooking on an open fire in the bush. Safari lodges and camps have had to cater to an increasing diversity of tourists and to manage the disruption caused by the Covid pandemic. Online advertisements for Safari companies depict carefully organized meals with views across the African savannah where dangerous encounters with wild animals may be envisaged. The companies often promote subtle and nostalgic invocations of the past providing the tourists with a 'back in time tourism'. In preparing this article, books on safari cuisine, accounts by safari guides and some individual tourists, and many safari company online websites were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, several jurisdictions have exerted controls over people's mobilities as a way of containing viral spread. In Australia, international borders were closed for almost two years and internal borders were periodically shut and policed as part of strong public health measures implemented by federal and state governments. In this article, we discuss how Australians conceptualized risk in relation to border controls, drawing on a set of interviews conducted in 2021 in which participants were asked to recount their experiences of the pandemic. Our analysis builds on social and cultural scholarship to understand the symbolic meanings and socio-spatialities of our participants' accounts of living in COVID times, in which they were confined within both national and internal borders. Our findings suggest three main socio-spatial imaginaries at work in participants' accounts of life behind closed borders during COVID-19. The first imaginary is an idea of immunity as a spatial property, supporting the concept of geographic immunity. The second is an ambivalent distinction between Self and Other produced through borders hastily thrown up along state lines. The third is the experience behind closed borders of living in a state of 'suspension', whereby risk is provisionally held off spatially, yet projected into the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on Richard Connell's "The Most Dangerous Game" offers more than just escapist entertainment, containing themes like social and biological Darwinism and allegorical elements that reflect broader philosophical conflicts. Topics include subtle foreshadowing in the story's early scenes, the symbolic significance of the number three; and the connection to maritime distress signals.

Injustice, poverty, socio-economic inequality are analyzed from the point of view of factors that threaten the national security of Ukraine. The sources of injustice lie in the nature of man, his natural selfishness, the desire to satisfy his needs at the expense of other people. Social injustice manifests itself in conflicts between society and the government, and individuals. Economic manifestations of injustice are noticeable when the principle of equivalence of remuneration for an individual’s work is violated in social relations or there is non-equivalent punishment for the damage caused. Injustice in the sphere of political relations manifests itself as a violation of the rights and freedoms of citizens guaranteed by current legislation. Injustice in legal relations appears as a violation of the principle of equality of all citizens before the law. Achieving socio-economic equality is hindered by corruption, which is a huge threat to national security. The consequence of injustice is the stratification of society into rich and poor, the destruction of the middle class. Injustice has a specific effect on political relations, the implementation of state policy at all levels, and makes the formation of civil society impossible. The result of this form of people’s life is marginalization and socio-economic degradation of society, which leads to crises, conflicts, anomie, tensions and social explosions. Injustice, poverty, and socioeconomic inequality are significant threats to national security. Modern science should investigate the main factors of the reproduction of social injustice, find ways to overcome poverty and introduce an effective mechanism for the elimination of social and economic inequality. In view of the spread of corruption in Ukraine, failure to bring corrupt officials to justice, which is provided for by the current legislation, and other violations of the law, we can also talk about legal inequality, which is unacceptable in a civilized state and is the greatest threat to the national security of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The possibility of experiencing physical harm caused by an object, animal, or person is an omnipresent risk in almost any situation. People show variability in their in the propensity to perceive the possibility of harm from any ostensibly innocuous object or situation—a so-called threat bias. Despite the important psychological and societal consequences resulting from individual differences in physical threat bias, there does not currently exist an easily administered means to capture this disposition. We therefore endeavored to create a brief reliable self-report index of threat sensitivity for use by the many fields interested in the role of threat processing. We present here a physical threat sensitivity scale (TSS) that captures the dispositional tendency to perceive the possibility of physical harm in ostensibly innocuous situations or objects. We detail the development and validation of the TSS as a reliable index of individual threat bias (Studies 1a and 1b) and provide strong convergent evidence of the relationship between TS and both relevant individual differences (Study 2) and behavioral and perceptual indicates of threat bias (Study 3 and Study 4).

Subjective images of danger and security depend on the context of uncertainty. This article introduces a mental reconstruction of danger and safety for different types of uncertainty. The authors used the methods of associative experiment, subjective ranking, and semantic differential. The empirical data were processed by averaging, ranking, factor analysis, and the Mann-Whitney criterion. The survey involved students from several Russian metropolitan and provincial universities (19–20 y.o.; n = 105; 74 females). Danger demonstrated a less complex mental structure than safety. The mental reconstruction of danger / safety included three types of uncertainty. Temporal uncertainty included period, time, and frequency of danger / safety. Objective uncertainty was connected with the place, environment, and source of danger / safety. Subjective uncertainty covered controllability, scale, and cause of danger / safety. Uncertainty proved more important for danger than for safety. The subjective level of danger grew together with objective uncertainty, especially when the source of danger was unclear, and went down with temporal uncertainty. The subjective level of security increased with temporal and subjective uncertainty and decreased with objective uncertainty. When the subjective significance of danger and safety went up, the differentiation of uncertainty in their assessment became less significant. The study identified the effect of variability of uncertainty on the mental reconstruction made by the subjects of danger / security, as well as identified some understudied areas.

Given the prominence of subterranean settings and imagery within crime fiction, this article critically examines the genre's representation of the subterranean. Influenced by scholarly work on the subterranean, I focus on the writing of one prominent crime novelist, Ian Rankin, and his Edinburgh-set John Rebus detective novels. From a relational standpoint, two issues are focused on: subterranean place (namely the attachment of meaning to the subterranean, the power relations that run through the subterranean, and the underground's connections to the aboveground) and subterranean time (notably the role of the subterranean in shaping the relationship between the past and the present). Traversing Edinburgh's basements and graves, as well as hell and the underworld, I demonstrate that Rankin uses subterranean place and time to accentuate some of the hidden harms, inequalities and injustices of urban life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policing as a dangerous occupation has been well documented. While prior inquiries have focused on the dangers resulting from injurious accidents or citizen-based violence, additional aspects of the external work environment have the potential to invoke concern among police. Utilizing survey data from a large municipal police department in the Southern region of the United States, the current study examines previously excluded sources of danger among police with street-level assignments – negative publicity and citizen cooperation. Our multivariate results reveal positive associations between negative publicity and perceptions of external danger, while a negative relationship was found for citizen cooperation. The implications for police practice and research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protecting people from the risks associated with products is a critical concern in today's economy. Pakistan, being the world's fifth most populous country, lacks the framework of warning labels and therefore faces a significant gap in product warning labels. Pakistan is a representative of a number of countries that export a variety of products to Pakistan; however, warning labels on these goods are typically in English, which might mislead people of Pakistan in perceiving the hazard level. It is therefore imperative to conduct research into the non-textual and cross-cultural understanding of labels from the perspective of Pakistan. This study examined the applicability of ANSI Z535.4 in the context of Pakistan. A total of 66 (34 male and 32 female) undergraduate students with a mean age of 20.5 participated in this study. A meticulous experiment was designed using a nine-point rating scale with anchors on both sides, where one represented 'not at all hazardous' and nine represented 'extremely hazardous'. Participants rated each component of warning labels, i.e., color, symbol, signal words, and their complex configurations. The results showed alignment with the ANSI Z535.4 standards for some components (i.e., colors, symbols, and signal words) and complex configurations, whereas no significant difference was found in perceived hazard levels between green (M = 3.167), blue (M = 3.591, and yellow (M = 3.652) colors, with a p-value greater than 0.05. Participants did not differentiate significantly between signal words, i.e., caution (M = 5.182) and warning (M = 5.879). Participants also did not differentiate significantly between complex configurations, i.e., safety alert–caution–yellow (M = 5.076) and safety alert–warning–orange (M = 5.197), with p-values greater than 0.05. These results state that discrepancies in the perception of warning labels exist. This study is the first of its kind conducted in the context of Pakistan, which will help policy makers to consider the findings before implementing a policy. In fact, differences in perception could result in failure to take appropriate precautions. Nonetheless, these nuances can be overcome with proper awareness through training for the people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of experiencing physical harm caused by an object, animal, or person is an omnipresent risk in almost any situation. People show variability in their in the propensity to perceive the possibility of harm from any ostensibly innocuous object or situation—a so-called threat bias. Despite the important psychological and societal consequences resulting from individual differences in physical threat bias, there does not currently exist an easily administered means to capture this disposition. We therefore endeavored to create a brief reliable self-report index of threat sensitivity for use by the many fields interested in the role of threat processing. We present here a physical threat sensitivity scale (TSS) that captures the dispositional tendency to perceive the possibility of physical harm in ostensibly innocuous situations or objects. We detail the development and validation of the TSS as a reliable index of individual threat bias (Studies 1a and 1b) and provide strong convergent evidence of the relationship between TS and both relevant individual differences (Study 2) and behavioral and perceptual indicates of threat bias (Study 3 and Study 4). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the increasingly widespread practice of prepping, and examines how it differs from conventional forms of activism, which generally involve explicit and purposeful efforts to instigate collective social change. Drawing on Luhmann’s sociological theory of risk and the narrative concept of foreshadowing, the paper explores how preppers understand the future and their own responsibility in shaping it, as well as the ways in which their visions of the future show up in the present. The paper argues that while the practice of prepping may appear apolitical and perhaps even asocial at a first glance, its political potential lies in the implicit and largely unintended performative consequences that arise from popularizing and proliferating the idea of a potential alternative to capitalism. Consequently, the paper demonstrates how ‘taking the future seriously’, much like conventional activist movements, albeit within the context of viewing the future as dangerous as opposed to risky, can have performative effects that may ultimately function as a form of ‘implicit activism’. This implicit activism could potentially prove as, if not more, effective in terms of challenging the hegemony of neoliberal capitalism. Considering this, we argue that social movement scholars and activists could benefit from a more profound engagement with the practice of prepping. Empirically, the paper draws on a selection of popular self-help books on prepping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The word 'threat' currently proliferates in the public sphere, which contributes to the large-scale information spread of societal threats of our time. However, the difference of common sense that laypeople attribute to the concepts of 'threat', 'risk' and 'danger' remains unclear. Therefore, this research aims to fill the social psychological knowledge gap and investigate laypeople's common sense of 'societal threat'. Participants (N = 186) were asked to complete the word association task, and their narratives (N = 1,146) were analysed using two complementary research methods: the automatized methods of multidimensional analysis and the classic method of qualitative content analysis. The concept of 'societal threat' has been associated most frequently with specific large-scale societal issues that are tainted by uncertainty, and a range of primarily negative feelings and emotions. Additionally, the conceptually and semantically close concepts of 'risk' and 'danger' have not been associated, on the lexical basis, with the concept of 'societal threat'. The implications for an improved systemic understanding of actual societal threats' features and related social psychological applications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viticulture and winemaking are socially important and highly profitable sectors of the agroindustrial complex of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Both of these areas have significant potential for future dynamic development. At the same time, there are a number of risks and dangers in these areas. The most important of these risks and hazards is the impact of adverse natural phenomena on grape production. Such phenomena can be explained by climate change, as well as the production and commercialization of counterfeit wine products. Currently, in conditions of intense competition, the market share of wine products that do not fully comply with current legislation, norms and requirements leads to a constant increase, which confuses consumers. At the same time, the level of threats to the health, property and life of the population increases. As a result, public confidence in the industry's products is declining. In addition to administrative measures used to effectively prevent or minimize unfair competition at the stage of circulation and production. It is necessary to expand the practical capabilities of objective analytical and expert identification of wine products, to increase the criteria for the reliability of wine products and the assessment of their quality systems. An effective way to achieve this goal is to evaluate specific properties (components) of wine products that remain unchanged throughout the entire production chain of turning grapes into wine or the processing of which is technologically complex, based on modern scientific knowledge, which is accordingly economically feasible. To solve the problem of a comprehensive study of the specific properties of wine products, it is necessary to develop and use new techniques, including both analytical and expert methods for studying the component composition, capable of ensuring the reliability and objectivity of the results obtained. This will ultimately provide the necessary level of control over compliance with laws and regulations, and will also make it possible to carry out identification by identifying inaccurate information about the product, for example, its type, name and place of origin (region). The objectivity and reliability of the results obtained on the basis of new methods must be ensured by the maximum possible volume of scientifically based and confirmed information on qualitative and quantitative changes in the prices of the analyzed indicators. Thus, the development and implementation of a quality assessment system, including the authenticity of wine products, based on fundamental scientific knowledge and modern research tools, are urgent tasks for scientific and expert support of production, circulation and import substitution in accordance with the law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the formulation of the concept of «environmental risk associated with military operations», and to the identification of its key features based on the analysis of the developments of legal science and related fields, provisions of national legislation and practice of its application. Given that our country has faced an unprecedented event - a full-scale war, which in turn has led to the emergence of new environmental risks associated with military operations, and these risks are of a completely different nature than the environmental risks studied in so-called «peacetime», there is a need to expand and modernize the legal conceptual and categorical apparatus, in particular, through the introduction of the concept of «environmental risk associated with military operations». This is the reason for the relevance of this scientific article. The article analyzes the doctrinal and regulatory approaches to the definition of the concept of «risk». Scientific sources on the interpretation of the concept of «environmental risk» are studied. The author also analyzes the content of the category of «military actions». The author's definition of environmental risk associated with military actions is formulated as «a quantitative measure of environmental hazard which reflects the possibility of negative consequences for both components of the biosphere and for humans, their life and health and is caused by the organized use of branches and individual branches of troops (forces) of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, other military formations formed in accordance with the laws of Ukraine, as well as the armed forces and other military formations of the enemy in operations and hostilities». It is established that the environmental risks associated with military operations are not characterized by anthropocentric focus and substitutionality. It is substantiated that the signs of environmental risks associated with military operations are monovariation of forms of origin (military actions are always carried out at the will of a person, and, accordingly, the negative consequences for the environment/biosphere/human are exclusively of anthropogenic origin); limited possibility of absolute determination (the current state of technology and available experience do not allow to accurately determine the level of environmental threats caused by military actions); cumulative nature (environmental risks associated with military actions may cause other environmental risks and lead to a multiplicity of negative consequences). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Positive and negative experiences can alter animal brain dopamine levels.1 When first arriving at a rewarding food source or beginning to waggle dance and recruit nestmates to food, honeybees have increased brain dopamine levels, indicating a desire for food.2 We provide the first evidence that an inhibitory signal, the stop signal, which counters waggle dancing and is triggered by negative events at the food source, can decrease head dopamine levels and dancing, independent of the dancer having any negative experiences. The hedonic value of food can therefore be depressed simply by the receipt of an inhibitory signal. Increasing the brain dopamine levels reduced the aversive effects of an attack, increasing the time that bees spent subsequently feeding and waggle dancing and decreasing their stop signaling and time spent in the hive. Because honeybees regulate food recruitment and its inhibition at the colony level, these results highlight the complex integration of colony information with a basic and highly conserved neural mechanism in mammals and insects.2 VIDEO ABSTRACT.

AbstractDeepfakes are a rapidly growing technological trend that is revolutionizing many digital processes, from media production to digital access. They offer various advantages for both users and creators alike. For example, they can provide entertainment value by allowing users to create humorous or satirical versions of existing media content without having to film new scenes. They can also automate production workflows by generating background characters or extras for movies. Additionally, deepfakes could be used in healthcare applications, such as virtual avatars for doctors who require assistance during consultations with patients located far from hospitals or clinics. However, deepfakes also pose a threat to society as they can be used for malicious purposes, including spreading false information or exploiting the likenesses of others for financial gain. To address these concerns, various types of regulations have been introduced across jurisdictions worldwide. These laws prohibit doctored audio recordings and visual materials aimed at influencing election outcomes. Some countries have even gone as far as requiring companies producing deepfake materials to identify themselves as such, to make audiences aware that what they are seeing may not always be authentic representations of events. In this paper, the author will discuss what deepfakes are, their potential benefits and risks, the various types of deepfakes that exist, and how the USA has attempted to regulate them. The author will also suggest some policy recommendations aimed at mitigating the risks associated with deepfakes while still preserving their creative potential.

Introduction: This study examined social perceptions and rejection towards fifteen mental illnesses, as well as a preliminary test of the SUBAR model, that hypothesized perceptions of both vital forces and burden would be negatively and positively related to social rejection, respectively. Methods: Using an online survey with participants from France (n = 952), social rejection was assessed using a feeling thermometer and a social distance scale, while social perceptions were measured using visual analog scales. Results: A stigma map for these different disorders is drawn up, revealing the social perceptions and levels of stigmatization specific to certain mental illnesses. Controlling for relevant social perceptions (i.e., danger, warmth, competence), we found that perception of burden was positively and significantly associated to social distance and negative feeling for 73% and 67% of mental illnesses, respectively. The perception of vital force was negatively and significantly related to social distance and negative feeling for 87% and 20% ofmental illnesses, respectively. The change in R2 between model 1 (i.e. perception of danger, warmth, competence) and model 2 (i.e. model 1 + perceptions of vital force and burden) significantly improved in 100% of cases for social distance and 67% of cases for negative feeling. Conclusion: These preliminary data provide support for the SUBAR model and call for further investigations to better understand the social rejection of people with mental illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many agree that the more we feel that we can handle a given situation, the less afraid we are. But why? Is the situation no longer dangerous or is fear a response to more than danger? Here I analyze situations in which one reacts in cold blood to danger and argue that the formal object of fear is not the dangerous, but the unsafe. The unsafe indicates not only how the world is, but also how it can be handled. Safety, and its negative counterpart, are characterized by their duality, both evaluative (is the snake dangerous?) and agentive (is it under control?). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Territorial stigmatization is a socially-constructed, symbolic representation of a place created and manipulated by external agents, which, once established, becomes decisive for the future of that place and its residents. This discredit is wide and perdurable and operates 'from above,' in the media, public officials, and part of academia, and 'from below,' in everyday interactions. Through a qualitative case-study in Santiago de Chile, mainly based on interviews and participant observations, this article shows the entire process of stigmatization: how these symbolic representations are socially constructed by different actors; how they are assumed in the discourses of residents, with a variety of reactions that include submissive internalization, naturalization, and a politicized challenge; and how these representations trigger the abandonment from several actors, which is conceptualized by residents as living in 'Red Zones' of chronic institutional abandonment. We finish suggesting that stigmatization operates as an institutional mechanism that intervenes in the relationship between poverty concentration and the emergence of social problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present essay I question the essential foundations of the criminal law of the enemy, such as the expulsion of the potentially dangerous individual to a natural factual state, the lack of consideration of the existence of more than one kind of social contract, the absence of analysis of the potentially unlawful inclination through a cognitive structure of the enemy, and punishment as a legal mechanism of appearances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deepfakes are a rapidly growing technological trend that is revolutionizing many digital processes, from media production to digital access. They offer various advantages for both users and creators alike. For example, they can provide entertainment value by allowing users to create humorous or satirical versions of existing media content without having to film new scenes. They can also automate production workflows by generating background characters or extras for movies. Additionally, deepfakes could be used in healthcare applications, such as virtual avatars for doctors who require assistance during consultations with patients located far from hospitals or clinics. However, deepfakes also pose a threat to society as they can be used for malicious purposes, including spreading false information or exploiting the likenesses of others for financial gain. To address these concerns, various types of regulations have been introduced across jurisdictions worldwide. These laws prohibit doctored audio recordings and visual materials aimed at influencing election outcomes. Some countries have even gone as far as requiring companies producing deepfake materials to identify themselves as such, to make audiences aware that what they are seeing may not always be authentic representations of events. In this paper, the author will discuss what deepfakes are, their potential benefits and risks, the various types of deepfakes that exist, and how the USA has attempted to regulate them. The author will also suggest some policy recommendations aimed at mitigating the risks associated with deepfakes while still preserving their creative potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy / Journal Canadien de la Pharmacie Hospitalière is the property of Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tábano is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista El Directivo al Día is the property of Centro de Informacion y Gestion Tecnologica (CIGET) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This roundtable discussion features two leading scholars of critical race and digital media, Drs. Brooklyne Gipson and Kishonna Gray. The impacts of pleasure and danger on social network sites and digital media certainly predate these technologies yet are heightened in unique ways by their affordances. Both Gipson and Gray discuss how they center Black feminism, queerness, and intersectionality in their approaches to digital media studies and the conundrum of harm, pleasure, and nuance online. They discuss themes such as storytelling, methods, and play to push the boundaries of the binary and chart a path forward that is neither afraid of nor essentialist about the role of technology in our lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essence of individual legal consciousness, the factors leading to its deformation, and the consequences that arise in this case are considered. Legal consciousness is presented as a person's personal attitude to law and its mental reflection, which can manifest itself in different ways under different conditions. The importance of objective and subjective factors that create a high level of anxiety of an individual, increase his despair in his future, deform individual legal awareness and negatively affect legal behavior is determined. Such important subjective determinants are the general level of an individual's intellectual development, his worldview, self-esteem, individual psychological characteristics, mental state, etc. The direct proportional dependence between the deformation of legal consciousness and illegal behavior and destabilizing and traumatizing factors that threaten human safety is substantiated. Attention is focused on objective factors that do not depend on the will of a person, but influence his life. Economic factors deserve special attention, namely economic crisis, unemployment, poverty of a large part of the population, inflation. Particularly dangerous determinants of legal awareness are war and the related threat to human life, health, rights and freedoms, as well as corruption, injustice, crime, the consequence of which is social tension and despair of people regarding the opportunities to provide themselves with decent living conditions, or even survive Establishing the role of personal factors in the deformation of legal awareness, studying and analyzing criminogenic situations from the point of view of their subjective perception by the individual - all this will contribute to expanding the capabilities of law enforcement agencies in the field of crime prediction and prevention. The state has the duty to prevent threats to the welfare of society and the quality of life of the country's citizens. A state striving to achieve progress in overcoming illegal behavior must fight corruption and injustice, and ensure equality of all before the law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contratexto is the property of Contratexto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Anbar University for Law & Political Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Criminology has long investigated criminal justice cultures and their preoccupation with dangerousness. Over a half century ago, correctional scholars called for a richer understanding of how a 'social reality' of danger might shape the mental state of staff. More recently, correctional scholarship has demonstrated that correctional culture and perceptions of danger likely play a fundamental role in findings that staff experience conflict across domains. Drawing from 18 focus groups of correctional staff from all adult carceral facilities in one state, this study investigates: 1) how cultural workgroup concerns over danger and values of safety shape staff's worldview broadly; and, 2) how these worldviews concerning danger shape cultural cognition outside the carceral context. To answer these questions, we draw upon cultural sociology and leverage the mechanism of the schema to understand how values are recalled across domains. Through this analysis, we illustrate how an accumulation of stories concerning danger within prison shapes a worldview that structures compulsive cognition around personal safety. We show how compulsive cognition manifests as an intrinsic knowledge of the dangerous character of others and a personal drive to fortify against underspecified violent threats outside the carceral context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a large amount of evidence of placebo and nocebo effects showing that one’s expectation of a forthcoming pain can influence the subsequent experience of pain. Here I shall not discuss the implications of these findings for the nature of pain, but focus instead on the nature of pain anticipation itself. This notion indeed remains poorly analysed and it is unclear what type of anticipatory state it involves. I shall argue that there is more to pain anticipation than a mere combination of anticipatory beliefs and fears. When the impending damage is imminent, pain anticipation involves a distinctive sui generis mental state, which I call nociceptive prediction. One then anticipates the forthcoming event under the pain mode. After analysing its points of similarities and differences with pain, I shall argue that nociceptive prediction is best understood in imperative defensive terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research employed empirical methods that relate rainfall to debris flow movements, which consist of series of accumulated rainfall that trigger these movements. Additionally, statistical thresholds were established using power law in linear coordinates (logarithmic relationship) and non-parametric statistics. Consequently, critical thresholds for triggering accumulated rainfall (LA) and antecedent accumulated rainfall (LAA) were established. Furthermore, this empirical-statistical model incorporates the local conditions of the study area, including certain physical parameters and soil moisture conditions, and combines them with the hazard conditions specific to the region for which they were defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of BHM Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Majalat Monazaat Al-Aamal is the property of Majalat Monazaat Al-Aamal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

IntroductionThis study examined social perceptions and rejection towards fifteen mental illnesses, as well as a preliminary test of the SUBAR model, that hypothesized perceptions of both vital forces and burden would be negatively and positively related to social rejection, respectively.MethodsUsing an online survey with participants from France (n = 952), social rejection was assessed using a feeling thermometer and a social distance scale, while social perceptions were measured using visual analog scales.ResultsA stigma map for these different disorders is drawn up, revealing the social perceptions and levels of stigmatization specific to certain mental illnesses. Controlling for relevant social perceptions (i.e., danger, warmth, competence), we found that perception of burden was positively and significantly associated to social distance and negative feeling for 73% and 67% of mental illnesses, respectively. The perception of vital force was negatively and significantly related to social distance and negative feeling for 87% and 20% of mental illnesses, respectively. The change in R2 between model 1 (i.e. perception of danger, warmth, competence) and model 2 (i.e. model 1 + perceptions of vital force and burden) significantly improved in 100% of cases for social distance and 67% of cases for negative feeling.ConclusionThese preliminary data provide support for the SUBAR model and call for further investigations to better understand the social rejection of people with mental illnesses.

The border is a dangerous and ambiguous concept to deal with. Following an historical-juridical analysis of the evolution of the concept of border, the author explains what in his judgment is a proper connection that the concept of border must establish: (1) to overcome barriers, in respect of both the actors of changing traditions and customs, and in order to encourage integration and growth in the society as a whole; (2) to cleanse the concept of border from nationalist and supremacist ideas, so as to achieve a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society; (3) the right to immigration as a fully recognised universal human right.

Introduction: the article is devoted to the analysis of the state of victimity and its internal conflictogenic potential. Victimity is considered as a factor of penitentiary conflictogenity. Development of the conflict at its various stages is analyzed and, in this regard, the state of conflictogenity as a trend of penitentiary relations is characterized. It is argued that partnership and conflict in the conditions of the penitentiary life activity can equally be assessed from the point of view of both legal normativity and deviance. The opinion is substantiated that victimity is a reaction of the subject to the danger produced by almost all types of penitentiary communications. Purpose: to conduct a comprehensive intersectoral analysis of the institute of crime as a factor of conflict-prone public relations in the field of penitentiary life. Methods: the research methodology is determined by the specifics of the penitentiary environment, characterized by a high degree of conflictogenity due to the antagonisms in goal-setting, value priorities and behavioral motivations of administrators (“jailers”) and special agents (“prisoners”), collectively forming the “penitentiary population”. The article uses a complex of general scientific (dialectical, analysis and synthesis, system-structural) and special methods of cognition. Results: representing a specific social environment of a significant number of Russian citizens, the penitentiary system operates on the basis of two main regulatory and protective systems: legal and criminal. The antagonism of these systems causes a high degree of conflictogenity of penitentiary relations and, as a consequence, entails victimization of their participants. Conclusion: having conducted research, the author comes a conclusion that all penitentiary relations can be conditionally divided into partnership and conflict. At the same time, both partnership and conflict can equally be assessed as normative and deviant. Victimity, representing the subject’s potential predisposition to the state of a victim should be considered as an element of the socio-legal status of the conflict participant. At the same time, subjective victimity is directly related to the change of conflict stages, within which the aggressive impact can be unilateral (unilateral victimization) or bilateral in nature.

Protecting people from the risks associated with products is a critical concern in today’s economy. Pakistan, being the world’s fifth most populous country, lacks the framework of warning labels and therefore faces a significant gap in product warning labels. Pakistan is a representative of a number of countries that export a variety of products to Pakistan; however, warning labels on these goods are typically in English, which might mislead people of Pakistan in perceiving the hazard level. It is therefore imperative to conduct research into the non-textual and cross-cultural understanding of labels from the perspective of Pakistan. This study examined the applicability of ANSI Z535.4 in the context of Pakistan. A total of 66 (34 male and 32 female) undergraduate students with a mean age of 20.5 participated in this study. A meticulous experiment was designed using a nine-point rating scale with anchors on both sides, where one represented ‘not at all hazardous’ and nine represented ‘extremely hazardous’. Participants rated each component of warning labels, i.e., color, symbol, signal words, and their complex configurations. The results showed alignment with the ANSI Z535.4 standards for some components (i.e., colors, symbols, and signal words) and complex configurations, whereas no significant difference was found in perceived hazard levels between green (M = 3.167), blue (M = 3.591, and yellow (M = 3.652) colors, with a p-value greater than 0.05. Participants did not differentiate significantly between signal words, i.e., caution (M = 5.182) and warning (M = 5.879). Participants also did not differentiate significantly between complex configurations, i.e., safety alert–caution–yellow (M = 5.076) and safety alert–warning–orange (M = 5.197), with p-values greater than 0.05. These results state that discrepancies in the perception of warning labels exist. This study is the first of its kind conducted in the context of Pakistan, which will help policy makers to consider the findings before implementing a policy. In fact, differences in perception could result in failure to take appropriate precautions. Nonetheless, these nuances can be overcome with proper awareness through training for the people.

The need for security is one of the most significant human needs. The article discusses the theoretical content of this phenomenon, analyzes the existing approaches to its study. It highlights the features of security as a public good, localized at the national-state and individual levels. The work notes difficulties in the compatibility of these levels with each other and their internal inconsistency. It is emphasized that the main actor of public security policy is the state, which defines a list of special institutions designed to meet the security needs of citizens. Using the securitization theory as a theoretical and methodological basis, the author defines the main levels of analysis and forms of perception of security, highlighting its internal and external varieties. By the example of correlating the concepts of the executor of the function and the manager of security services, the features of the functioning of activities to neutralize security threats at the state and local levels are revealed. The article also summarizes the results of a pilot sociological study conducted in May – June 2022 and devoted to the analysis of the perception of security threats at the individual level, which made it possible to identify socially significant priorities in ensuring security. Based on the theoretical analysis of security as a public good and the results of sociological research, the author formulates the principles of the organization of state policy in the field of security and gives recommendations for its improvement. It is concluded that a deep connection between internal and external security factors requires a well-coordinated and well-thought-out policy for their synchronization. At the same time, the state needs to pay more attention to internal risk factors, considering such important social spheres as education, health and culture as components of security policy.