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Industrial zones in Algeria play a crucial role in shaping the attractiveness and competitiveness of the country’s regions. The impact of these zones extends beyond economic factors, influencing the overall appeal and competitive edge of different regions. Understanding the dynamics of industrial zones is essential for comprehending Algeria’s economic landscape and its efforts to enhance regional development. The primary objective of this article is to shed light on industrial zones and their impacts on regional industrial attractiveness and competitiveness in Algeria. Firstly, it involves clarifying the concept of regional attractiveness and competitiveness in relation to their economic, environmental, and social dimensions. This leads us, secondly, to examine non-institutional actors, specifically companies, and their interactions with their regions, based on an understanding of the local area, including the effect of industrial zones on the attractiveness and competitiveness of local companies.

This article examines the practical significance and growing relevance of the sustainable development concept (SDC). To support the hypothesis that SDC principles need to transition from being largely declarative to more practical applications, various desk-based research methods are employed. The historical method is used to trace out the emergence and evolution of the SDC, highlighting a shift from single to diversified development, short-term to long-term sustainability, and domestic to global cooperation. Logical and analytical methods further clarify the increasing global focus on economic, environmental, and social issues. The article also explores approaches to classifying the key aspects of modern sustainable development and identifies the latest trends in the field. It emphasizes the importance of integrating the SDC's economic, environmental, and social dimensions into corporate activities. Examples of successful corporate implementation are provided. However, the findings indicate that broader and more effective frameworks are necessary to move the SDC from theory to practice, enabling corporations to address global challenges more effectively.

Supply chain management (SCM) and total quality management (TQM) represent two parallel approaches to improving organizational performance. Previous studies have analyzed the SCM features impacting organizational performance independently of the design of TQM practices. Similarly, the recent literature on SCM overlooks TQM when incorporating lean and agile elements in SCM practices and strategies. Scattered attempts have been made to evaluate lean and agile SCM practices and TQM action plans, but no concrete integrated approach has been developed. In particular, no study has presented a structured analysis to quantify the influence of the SCM components on achieving predetermined TQM goals. We propose a comprehensive, four-phase, integrated procedure with a total score to quantitatively assess lean and agile SCM to fill this research gap. This comprehensive score selects the most suitable TQM action plan for increasing productivity and sustainability. The four phases of the proposed procedure include an initial qualitative analysis for defining indicators, sub-indicators, and characteristics of the lean and agile approach (Phase 1), the formulation of a mathematical model for computing the total score of the whole SCM approach (Phase 2), the selection of an action plan to achieve TQM goals (Phase 3), and the validation of the proposed framework and the results obtained (Phase 4). We show the applicability of the proposed evaluation procedure in a real-life case study and demonstrate that the general formulation of the mathematical model allows for extensions of the proposed method to other evaluation contexts.

We propose the notion of minimal farsighted instability to determine the states that are more likely to emerge in the long run when agents are farsighted. A state is minimally farsighted unstable if there is no other state which is more farsightedly stable. To formulate what it means to be more farsightedly stable, we compare states by comparing (in the set inclusion or cardinal sense) their sets of farsighted defeating states. We next compare states in terms of their absorbtiveness by comparing both their sets of farsighted defeating states (i.e. in terms of their stability) and their sets of farsighted defeated states (i.e. in terms of their reachability). A state is maximally farsighted absorbing if there is no other state which is more farsightedly absorbing. We provide general results for characterizing minimally farsighted unstable states and maximally farsighted absorbing states, and we study their relationships with alternative notions of farsightedness. Finally, we use experimental data to show the relevance of the new solution concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes a key period in the institutional and organizational history of the United States Marine Corps. Using historical, archival, and interview material, we apply some of the ideas and perspectives of James G. March to understand the organizational dynamics and mechanisms that enabled the maneuver warfare movement and made the modern Marine Corps a more innovative and adaptive organization. We build on and integrate several streams of March's research, legacies, and interests, including understanding the organizational conditions that help novelty and outlier-ness flourish, finding interest and value in apparent contradictions, and deriving implications for organizational scholarship and for the organization under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the rise of for-profit universities (FPUs) and their impact on non-profit universities (NPUs) in the United States. While there have been many empirical studies on this topic, a theoretical model to understand the implications is lacking. The paper proposes a theoretical model to explore the interactions between FPUs and NPUs, showing that the expansion of FPUs leads to contractions of NPUs and a decrease in total employment between the two sectors. The model is based on education production functions and the optimization strategies of FPUs and NPUs. The article also highlights the challenges and complexities in measuring the quality of education and the multidimensional outcomes produced by universities. Overall, the article sheds light on the competition between for-profit and non-profit universities and its effects on the postsecondary education landscape. [Extracted from the article]

Subject and purpose of work: This study explores the characteristics of a social enterprise as laid down in the relevant act currently in force, and analyzes how the tendencies to normatively define a social enterprise have changed over the years with subsequent amendments and modifications of the applicable draft laws.

Rosenberg (1963, J. Econ. Hist. 23(4), 414–443) analyzed innovation in the 19th and early 20th century machine tool (MT) industry and its industrializing customers. This paper re‐applies his analysis to the invention and application of information and communications technologies (ICTs) in the 20th and 21st centuries. Rosenberg's ideas of technological convergence and of collective learning that leads to a pool of knowledge in a competitive upstream industry are emphasized. In some ICT market segments, the primary customer is a technologist; for these segments, Rosenberg's analysis works quite well. The core reason appears to be that there, as Rosenberg said of MTs, the analysis can go forward on a "purely technological level." In the commercially oriented ICT market segments where most value has been created, this assumption fails. Difficulties at the boundary between purely technological innovation and commercial innovations change the analysis considerably. The locus of accumulating knowledge, the path of technological change through the economy, the structure of the industry supplying the general components and the degree of sharing of technical advances across firms and industries, all change in an easily explained way. The idea of the boundary between two complementary bodies of knowledge may be important. The idea that commercial innovation can be unlike technical invention may be important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research purpose. The study aims to examine which indicators influence the amount of Lithuanian public debt to foreign countries.

Smart networks, e.g., smart grids (SGs) as complex interconnected systems have become more complex and require greater processing and communication capabilities due to the growing use of renewable energy (RE). In addition to being a reliable method for collecting and managing information, wireless networks (WNs) are capable of enhancing the performance of RE management. As a result of wireless data transfer risks and centralized power trades, SGs using WNs are unable to provide the security of the electricity market or ensure a high level of RE utilization. Blockchains (BCs), which are new technologies that enable data sharing, are gaining popularity, and it is thought to be able to address these issues. A BC-based, reliable power-exchange scheme is presented for SGs using WNs in this study. Using the BC for recording power data obtained from the WNs allows the smart contract for making appropriate trades according to the information. Energy trading and RE consumption are more efficient in a dual-chain architecture that consists of local energy trade BCs and RE trade BCs. A BC-based RE incentive framework is designed to have greater stability and scale among RE producers. Overall, the proposed technique not only can provide higher security and reliability to the system but also can mitigate fraud, as well as providing less operation cost for the system. Ultimately, the 56-bus test feeder layout is used to validate the framework.

Skillful prediction of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) at leads of 12–24 months are valuable for farmers and policymakers for water resource management and food security planning. While the ISMR is known to be highly predictable at short leads, estimates of long‐lead "potential skill" is lacking. Here, a new predictor discovery method taking into account simultaneous contributions from all potential drivers unravels a predictor based on the depth of the 20° isotherm (D20) to be best suited for estimating the "potential skill" significantly better than a sea surface temperature (SST)‐based predictor. We find high "potential skills" at 18–24‐months leads instead of at short leads, with the highest skill for 18‐months‐lead forecasts (r = 0.87). Investigation of the intriguing finding reveals that the initial errors for ISMR prediction as well as their growth are controlled by a global manifestation of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) oscillator. Phase‐locking of initial errors of D20 and their growth rates with the annual cycle ascertain that forecast errors are minimum and "potential skill" is maximum at leads of 18–24 months. While non‐linearity of small‐scale D20 anomalies may make realization of the potential predictability challenging, with improvements of coupled models and use of deep‐learning artificial‐intelligence techniques, our findings provide optimism for skillful long‐lead forecasts of ISMR in coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated temporal changes in factor adjustment of the Japanese manufacturing industry by applying a dynamic factor model, in which labor and capital were quasi-fixed to a panel of industries from 1972 to 2012. Estimations show that the adjustment speeds, with which factors approach their optimum levels, have increased over the period. Particularly, factor adjustment rates have significantly increased since 2000. The estimations suggest that Japanese manufacturers have become more flexible in hiring workers and faster in making investments, which reduces adjustment cost significantly. This dynamic gain is ignored from static analysis, underestimating the benefit of labor market reform. The study suggests that policymakers should consider dynamic factor adjustment in assessing policy impacts accurately when implementing an industrial policy.

Despite agreement on many points, including our shared insistence that 'corporation' and 'firm' are different concepts, Jean-Philippe Robé still maintains that they are mutually exclusive: no corporation is a firm, and no firm is a corporation. In contrast, we follow standard nomenclature when we point out that all (business) corporations are firms, but some firms are not corporations. We show here that this is a standard practice among lawyers writing in leading law journals and note that Robé seems to have abandoned the task of defining the firm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses the use of digital technology platforms (DTPs) in the context of cyber-security in the industrial sector, with a focus on digital industry (industrial) platforms (DIPs). A definition of DTPs is presented, including the author's interpretation, as well as the scope of DTP application in the industrial sector, which includes, in particular, European Digital Platforms (EDPs) and Polish Digital Platforms (PDPs), such as non-ferrous metals PDP or intelligent transport systems PDP. This is followed by a section covering the theoretical basis of the study that highlights the key challenges and risks associated with the use of DTPs as well as the methods for their neutralization in the form of specific concepts and systems that can be employed in the industrial sector. The subsequent section of the study is based on results of the author's own survey which collected information from a total of 120 companies operating in Poland, which were granted subsidies under the Operational Program Innovative Economy for investments involving the implementation and development of DTPs. The survey was carried out using a questionnaire developed by the author, which consisted of 23 questions. In this respect, as shown by the author's own studies, of greatest relevance are hardware failures and Internet outage events. Most importantly, concerns about such risks are some of the major factors underlying the negative attitudes of management staff of industrial companies toward DTPs, and therefore, it is so important to ensure that any such risks can be effectively addressed. They can be avoided through the use of certain concepts and systems such as STOE or CVSS. A typical company may know the model of DTPs in the context of challenges in the field of cybersecurity through this study; in particular, it can improve IT security.

Research purpose. The research aimed at identifying the main factors influencing export values in the region of Great Britain (GB) for the period of the last 30 years.

The major contribution of Oliver Williamson, who was a 2009 Nobel Prize co-Laureate in economics, consists of proposing a heuristic analysis of governance structures, namely, the firm, the market, and what he will later call the 'hybrid forms'. This cardinal issue in organizational economics has made it possible to propose rigorous arbitration tools for the famous 'make or buy' decisions in modern market economies based on asset specificity and quasi-rents. However, Williamson's work goes far beyond these contributions alone. His contribution is based on a multidisciplinary theoretical background in building the science of organization. This is the important but sometimes neglected aspect of Williamson's work that I wish to highlight in this paper in memory of Williamson in regard to three major pieces on atmosphere (and informal organization), private ordering, and industrial pluralism. In doing so, I also propose reconsidering the different stages of Williamson's evolving science of organization from recent neo-institutional works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This study investigates the dynamic production structure of the Japanese manufacturing industry by using the adjustment cost approach. The study is to shed some light on the unique dynamic structure of the Japanese manufacturing industry. The study attempts to help design and predict industrial policies that are implemented to enhance domestic investments by the Japanese government. Design/methodology/approach – This study obtains a system of dynamic factor demand and output supply equations by applying the dual approach to the intertemporal value function as represented by the Hamilton–Jacobi equation. By using industrial panel data for 1973–2012 of the Japanese manufacturing industry, the study estimates the system of the behavioral equations and corresponding elasticities. The study uses hypothesis tests and dynamic elasticities to investigate the dynamic structure of the Japanese manufacturing industry. Findings – Estimation results show that labor and capital are quasi-fixed variables that adjust about 0.2 percent annually to the long-run optimum levels. Estimated adjustment rates are very slow as often presumed about the Japanese manufacturing industry, which uses lifetime employment practice and slow decision-making process in investment decisions. The results also show that output supply and factor demand elasticities vary greatly depending on time horizon. Factor demand increases when its own price increases in the short run, suggesting that factor adjustment is mostly determined factor prices in the past due to sluggish factor adjustment. However, factor demand becomes a normal downward-sloping curve in the long run as factor adjustment gets completed. Originality/value – Japanese manufacturing firms hire employees through lifetime contract to exploit the benefits of dynamic learning-by-doing and execute investments carefully considering all the possible impacts. Under the strategy, adjustment costs for changing workers and capital stock are minimized. Dynamic adjustment model is expected to shed some light on the unique dynamic structure of the Japanese manufacturing industry. However, researches regarding the dynamic factor adjustment of the Japanese manufacturing industry are hard to find. This study is expected to fill the research vacuum.

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In his recent book on Property, Power and Politics, Jean-Philippe Robé makes a strong case for the need to understand the legal foundations of modern capitalism. He also insists that it is important to distinguish between firms and corporations. We agree. But Robé criticizes our definition of firms in terms of legally recognized capacities on the grounds that it does not take the distinction seriously enough. He argues that firms are not legally recognized as such, as the law only knows corporations. This argument, which is capable of different interpretations, leads to the bizarre result that corporations are not firms. Using etymological and other evidence, we show that firms are treated as legally constituted business entities in both common parlance and legal discourse. The way the law defines firms and corporations, while the product of a discourse which is in many ways distinct from everyday language, has such profound implications for the way firms operate in practice that no institutional theory of the firm worthy of the name can afford to ignore it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new conceptualization of business model (BM) that rigorously exploits the important insights this notion offers and links them to related views developed in economics and business studies. We develop the foundations of a BM concept consistent with the principles of generalized Darwinism (GD) and with contributions already developed within this framework. Thus, we demonstrate the relevance of GD as a unifying framework for developing the evolutionary theory of firm and industry. We suggest analysing BM as a generative replicator hosted by the firm, which structures interactions between the members of this organization and the social entities of its industrial environment. We argue that GD allows us to clarify the nature and boundaries of the BM concept and to specify its relationships to other key evolutionary concepts, such as organizational routines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]