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Two different nematode species were recovered from pomegranate decaying fruit in two localities in Southern Italy: the mycetophagus nematode Sheraphelenchus sucus and a bacterial feeder nematode belonging to the Panagrolaimidae (Rhabditida) family. Morphometrics of the Italian population of S. sucus closely resemble that of the type population, whereas some differences were found when compared with another population from Iran. Molecular characterization of the Italian S. sucus using the 18S rRNA gene, D2-D3 expansion domains of the 28S rDNA, the ITS region, and the partial mitochondrial COI were carried out. Sequences of the 18S rRNA gene, the D2-D3 domains, and the ITS were analyzed using several methods for inferring phylogeny to reconstruct the relationships among Sheraphelenchus and Bursaphelenchus species. The bacterial feeder Panagrellus sp. was characterized at the molecular level only. The D2-D3 expansion domains and ITS sequences of this Italian panagrolaimid were determined. The D2-D3 sequences of the Italian panagrolaimid showed 99% similarity with the corresponding sequence of Panagrellus sp. associated with Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. This is the first report on the tritrophic association of S. sucus and Rhabditida that uses both insects and pomegranate fruit as hosts. more...

During a nematode survey in vineyards of the Veneto region (Italy), several soil samples were collected. On morphological and morphometric studies, a population from Conegliano Veneto was preliminarily identified as X. rivesi Dalmasso 1969. To support the morphological diagnosis, a molecular characterization of X. rivesi from Italy using the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rDNA and the ITS containing region was undertaken. PCR-RFLP analyses were also performed to determine species-specific patterns for the Italian population of the nematode. Neighbor-Joining, Minimum Evolution and Maximum Parsimony analyses were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within X. rivesi and other Xiphinema species. more...