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H. Jokinen työryhmän jäsenenä. Introduction: Numerous diagnostic criteria have tried to tackle the variability in clinical manifestations and problematic diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) but none have been universally accepted. These criteria have not been readily comparable, impacting on clinical diagnosis rates and in turn prevalence estimates, research, and treatment. Methods: The Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study (VICCCS) involved participants (81% academic researchers) from 27 countries in an online Delphi consensus study. Participants reviewed previously proposed concepts to develop new guidelines. Results: VICCCS had a mean of 122 (98-153) respondents across the study and a 67% threshold to represent consensus. VICCCS redefined VCI including classification of mild and major forms of VCI and subtypes. It proposes new standardized VCI-associated terminology and future research priorities to address gaps in current knowledge. Discussion: VICCCS proposes a consensus-based updated conceptualization of VCI intended to facilitate standardization in research. (C) 2016 the Alzheimer's Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Background: In an attempt to find non-invasive biomarkers, researchers have investigated the feasibility of neuroimaging tools, such as MR, SPECT as well as neurophysiological measurements using EEG. The increase of theta frequency has been associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and related to both grey matter (GM) changes of thalamus and basal ganglia and SPECT modifications. Objective: To study the association of prognostic theta frequency with specific GM and perfusional changes of thalamus and basal ganglia to detect biomarkers early predictive of mild cognitive impairment. Methods: 74 adult subjects with mild cognitive impairment underwent EEG recording and high resolution 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Moreover, 27 adult subjects with mild cognitive impairment underwent also perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) evaluation. The theta/gamma ratio was computed for each subject. Three groups were obtained according to increasing tertiles values of theta/gamma ratio. Grey matter density differences between groups were investigated using a Voxel Based Morphometry technique. Results: Subjects with higher theta/gamma ratio and increase of theta frequency showed minor atrophy in putamina nuclei bilaterally and a lower hippocampal perfusion in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Conclusion: The integrated analysis of EEG and morpho-functional markers could be useful in the comprehension of anatomo-physiological underpinning of the MCI entity.

The increase of EEG alpha3/alpha2 frequency power ratio has been associated with AD-converters subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well as a reduction in the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). In this study, the association between alpha3/alpha2 frequency power ratio with rCBF changes in subjects with MCI was evaluated. The alpha3/alpha2 frequency power ratio was computed in 27 subjects with MCI. Two groups were obtained according to the median values of alpha3/alpha2, at a cut-off of 1.17. In the groups so obtained, the correlation between brain perfusion and EEG markers were detected. In the MCI group with the alpha3/alpha2 frequency power ratio above 1,17 as compared to the group with alpha3/alpha2 frequency power ratio below 1.17 there was: 1) a constant trend to lower rCBF values; 2) smaller hippocampal volumes; 3) higher theta frequency power. The higher EEG alpha3 /alpha2 frequency power ratio individuates two different group of MCI subjects. A complex interplay between alpha and theta rhythms activity MCI patients is suggested in patients with prodromal Alzheimer's disease.