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—Pyrolysis-free gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to determine the gas phase composition of inclusions in phenocrysts from basalts and rhyolites of the Men’shii Brat Volcano (Medvezh’ya caldera, Iturup Island). Among more than 300 compounds detected in the inclusions, hydrocarbons are predominant (52–92 rel.%). These hydrocarbons (C1–C17) are alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers and esters, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids as well as sulfonated, nitrogenated, and halogenated organic compounds. Inorganic substances, which are predominantly CO2, H2O, SO2, and N2, are present in subordinate amounts. The organic compounds are interpreted as products of abiogenic synthesis of hydrocarbons in magmatic gases. This fundamentally new information about the composition of magmatic fluid suggests that mantle and crustal magmas can transport hydrocarbon substance.

The results of studying the structural and chemical transformations of natural bitumens of different degrees of metamorphism under heating at a low vacuum (∼8 kPa) in the temperature range 400–1000 °C are presented. Reducing of the size of supermolecular particles during heating was recorded. A sequent step-by-step transformation of the graphite-like phase in bitumen structure up to shungite stage according Raman spectra characteristics is shown. The samples acquire electrical conductivity through eliminating the hydrocarbon component, before their graphite-like structure of carbon was ordered up to the stage of the higher anthraxolite.

Actual problems of a technological assessment of mineral raw materials of the Timan-North Ural region are considered. The role of scientific developments in development and effective use of mineral resources of the region is shown. Results of technological researches of coals, oil shale, bauxites, titanium ores, industrial minerals are given.