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2. Contributors

Author

Dominic Agyei, C. Anandharamakrishnan, Federico Antonioli, Jeetendra Prakash Aryal, Thierry Astruc, Zita Avelar, Manlio Bacco, Anastasia V. Badeka, Aparna Banerjee, Marianthi Basalekou, Soottawat Benjakul, Rajeev Bhat, Gianluca Brunori, Callistus Bvenura, Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas, Rocio Campos-Vega, Maria Carpena, James S. Chacha, Kasidate Chantakun, Gyaneshwer Chaubey, Arpit Chauhan, Ngawang Chhogyel, Li-Choo Chong, Marta Correia Coelho, M. Liceth Cuellar-Nuñez, Facundo Cuffia, J.H. Cvejic, Marlon Dalmoro, Michael K. Danquah, Cédric Delattre, Tiziana de-Magistris, Emma J. Derbyshire, Alessandra Durazzo, Paula Judith Perez Espitia, Shafquat Fakhrah, Tim J.A. Finnigan, Maria Fraga-Corral, Carlos Alberto Fuenmayor, Paula Garcia-Oliveira, Tharani Gopalakrishnan, Fabrizia Guerra, D.M.C.C. Gunathilake, Masoud Hamidi, Md Kamrul Hasan, Norhashila Hashim, D.M.K.S. Hemathilake, Lee-Hoon Ho, Nurul Huda, Ishamri Ismail, Sadeeka Layomi Jayasinghe, Jaison Jeevanandam, B.K.K.K. Jinadasa, Theresia J. Jumbe, Stamatina Kallithraka, Learnmore Kambizi, Ioannis K. Karabagias, Vassilios K. Karabagias, Champika Shyamalie Kariyawasam, Benjamin Kipkemboi Kogo, Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani, Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani, Srinivasan Krishnamoorthy, Kissa B.M. Kulwa, Lalit Kumar, Maria Kyraleou, Rayees Ahmad Lone, Massimo Lucarini, Diosey Ramon Lugo-Morin, Paolina Lukova, Ivan Luzardo-Ocampo, Navneet Manchanda, Maria Cecilia Mancini, Garcia-Vaquero Marco, Davide Marnetto, Weihao Meng, Philippe Michaud, Pierre-Sylvain Mirade, Chandra Sekhar Mohanty, Maimunah Mohd Ali, Katrin Molina-Besch, Mauricio Moncada, J.A. Moses, Taihua Mu, Prashantha Naik, Sagar Prasad Nayak, Amirhossein Nazhand, Chigozie E. Ofoedu, Annika Olsson, Funmilola Oluwafemi, B. Dave Oomah, Ashutosh Kumar Pandey, Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti, Ajai K. Pathak, Ricardo N. Pereira, Guillaume Pierre, Manuela Estevez Pintado, Stéphane Portanguen, Miguel Angel Prieto, Shamprasad Varija Raghu, Dil Bahadur Rahut, Vijayakumar Raja, Geethalakshmi Ramakrishnan, Nivaz Sundar Rani, Sujith Ratnayake, Bernardo D. Ribeiro, Tânia Bragança Ribeiro, Rui M. Rodrigues, Edgar Rojas-Rivas, Silvia Rolandi, Antonello Santini, Kunwar Sarvendra, Tassou Savvas, Ivano Scotti, Jason Sicard, Aline R.A. Silva, Marselle M.N. Silva, Jesus Simal-Gandara, Abdul Razack Sirajunnisa, Tetsushi Sonobe, Jan Mei Soon, Eliana B. Souto, Selma B. Souto, Katyayani Sukhavasi, Rashid A. Suleiman, Duraiarasan Surendhiran, Thuan-Chew Tan, Pascal Tournayre, Chibuike Udenigwe, Pilar Uldemolins, Oscar Valdes, Stojceska Valentina, F. Van Bockstaele, António A. Vicente, and Glenise Bierhalz Voss

Published
2022

4. Design, Development and Evaluation of a Size Grading Machine for Onion

Author

W.M.C.B. Wasala, K.B. Palipane, and D.M.C.C. Gunathilake

Subjects
Agricultural commodity, Engineering, Retail market, design, 02 engineering and technology, Agricultural engineering, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Size grading, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Grading (education), onion, machine, Agricultural crops, Simulation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, evaluation, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, General Medicine, Market research, Agriculture, Open market operation, Sri lanka, business, optimization
Abstract

Improvement of quality and value addition of agricultural produces has gained higher concern in recent times in Sri Lanka due to creation of new opportunities for sale of agricultural commodities in open market at competitive prices. Grading according to the sizes is an important value adding technique for most agricultural products. And also the price of the many agricultural products varies significantly according to their uniformity in size. Uniformity in size not only makes the produce more attractive to consumers but also improve its processing qualities. At present, size grading of most agricultural crops including big onion are carried out manually by crop collectors, whole sellers and retail sellers, most of farmers market their products without any grading. In Sri Lanka, persons engaging in post-harvest crop handling such as collectors, whole sellers, retail sellers, and farmers have less chance to use high technical and costly grading technique. And also local market survey reported, retail market price of the big onion bulbs are significantly varied according to its size. Hence, this research study attempted to design and development of a low cost size grading machine for size grading of big onion bulbs. Size grading machine was fabricated by cast iron and PVC tube and It was designed for grading of onion bulbs into three sizes i.e. small (φ< 4cm), medium (4 < φ < 6cm) and large (φ > 6cm). Grading machine was also fabricated to operate either by manual or electric motor. The machine was tested for grading efficiency/quality accordingly, machine performance was optimized. Optimized machine adjustments for its maximum performance were 3oinclined angle of the grading cylinder against horizontal axis and 15rpm rotating speed of the grading cylinder. Maximum grading qualities/efficiencies under optimized machine adjustments for small, medium and large sizes were reported 84.47%, 93.46% and 90.14 respectively. The capacity of the grading machine was 630kg/hour under the optimized operational conditions.

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