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Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNC) of the ovary is a rare tumor in gynecologic oncologic field. An 18-year-old woman presented with abdominal distention and a pelvic mass measuring ten cm in diameter, who previously underwent laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy due to large borderline mucinous ovarian neoplasm 18 months prior. A debulking operation was optimally performed, which included total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection, bilateral paraaortic lymph node dissection, omentectomy, optimal debulking of gastrohepatic mass and subdiaphragmatic mass, and pelvic peritonectomy. Despite adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin, the patient died of progressive disease seven months after surgery. The authors report the youngest case of LCNC of the ovary, that failed chemotherapy and had the previous history of the conservative surgical treatment due to mucinous borderline tumor.

The extensive design effort for KSTAR has been focused on two major aspects of the KSTAR project mission - steady-state-operation capability and advanced tokamak physics. The steady state aspect of the mission is reflected in the choice of superconducting magnets, provision of actively cooled in-vessel components, and long pulse current drive and heating systems. The advanced tokamak aspect of the mission is incorporated in the design features associated with flexible plasma shaping, double null divertor and passive stabilizers, internal control coils and a comprehensive set of diagnostics. Substantial progress in engineering has been made on superconducting magnets, the vacuum vessel, plasma facing components and power supplies. The new KSTAR experimental facility with cryogenic system and deionized water cooling and main power systems has been designed, and the construction work is under way for completion in 2004.

The Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) project is the major effort of the national fusion programme of the Republic of Korea. Its aim is to develop a steady state capable advanced superconducting tokamak to establish a scientific and technological basis for an attractive fusion reactor. The major parameters of the tokamak are: major radius 1.8 m, minor radius 0.5 m, toroidal field 3.5 T and plasma current 2 MA, with a strongly shaped plasma cross-section and double null divertor. The initial pulse length provided by the poloidal magnet system is 20 s, but the pulse length can be increased to 300 s through non-inductive current drive. The plasma heating and current drive system consists of neutral beams, ion cyclotron waves, lower hybrid waves and electron cyclotron waves for flexible profile control in advanced tokamak operating modes. A comprehensive set of diagnostics is planned for plasma control, performance evaluation and physics understanding. The project has completed its conceptual design and moved to the engineering design and construction phase. The target date for the first plasma is 2002.

A large-aspect-ratio (LAR), midsized, diverted tokamak KT-2 with intense RF heating (5-7 MW) is under conceptual design process at KAERI. The machine parameters are: R/a(m) = 1.4/0.25 (reducible to 0.20), B{sub t} = 3 Tesla, I{sub p} = 500+ kA, current flat-top 4.5 sec at maximum field and current (OH-only). The PF system concept design resulted in five KT-2 operation modes, and allows extended discharges for >30 sec at 2T/200kA in the `5MW HiBS` mode. Construction will start in 1995, and the machine will start operation in 1998. 3 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.

The flux‐surface‐averaged linearized resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary‐layer equations including the compressibility, diamagnetic drift, and neoclassical viscosity terms are derived in toroidal geometry. These equations describe the resistive layer dynamics of resistive MHD modes over the collisionality regime between the banana plateau and the Pfirsch–Schluter. From the resulting equations, the effects of neoclassical viscosity on the stability of the tearing and resistive ballooning modes are investigated numerically. Also, a study is given for the problem of how the neoclassical resistive MHD mode is generated as the collisionality is reduced. It is shown that the neoclassical viscosity terms give a significant destabilizing effect for the tearing and resistive ballooning modes. This destabilization comes mainly from the reduction of the stabilizing effect of the parallel ion sound compression by the ion neoclassical viscosity. In the banana‐plateau collisionality limit, where the compressib...

Using the local kinetic and fluid approaches, the effects of the anisotropies in the ion temperature and in the ion temperature gradient on the toroidal ion temperature gradient driven mode are investigated. A study of the effect of the increasing ion temperature relative to the fixed electron temperature in the peaked density limit is also made. Comparisons are given between the new toroidal results and the previous slab results.

The stabilizing effects of various terms such as compressibility, diamagnetic drift, and parallel thermal conduction are investigated on the type of resistive ballooning modes whose driving force comes from the resistive region, which are known to be unstable in the high‐beta second stability regime when analyzed in the incompressible limit. It is found that compressibility gives a significant stabilizing effect mainly through the perpendicular magnetic compression, which suggests the possibility of a second stable window for these resistive ballooning modes. The diamagnetic drift terms slightly reduce the growth rate in the incompressible limit, but, with finite compressibility, lead to fairly strong stabilization. The compression due to ion polarization, which becomes significant at large diamagnetic drift, contributes to this stabilization. On the other hand, parallel thermal conduction and perpendicular magnetic compression, which enter through the equation for temperature evolution, are shown to have a negligible effect on the stability of these modes.

The KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) project is the major effort of the Korean National Fusion Program to design, construct, and operate a steady-state-capable superconducting tokamak. The project is led by Korea Basic Science Institute and shared by national laboratories, universities, and industry along with international collaboration. It is in the conceptual design phase and aims for the first plasma by mid 2002. The key design features of KSTAR are: major radius 1.8 m, minor radius 0.5 m, toroidal field 3.5 T, plasma current 2 MA, and flexible plasma shaping (elongation 2.0; triangularity 0.8; double-null poloidal divertor). Both the toroidal and the poloidal field magnets are superconducting coils. The device is configured to be initially capable of 20 s pulse operation and then to be upgraded for operation up to 300 s with non-inductive current drive. The auxiliary heating and current drive system consists of neutral beam, ICRF, lower hybrid, and ECRF. Deuterium operation is planned with a full radiation shielding.

Drift wave maps, area preserving maps that describe the motion of charged particles in drift waves, are derived. The maps allow the integration of particle orbits on the long time scale needed to describe transport. Calculations using the drift wave maps show that dramatic improvement in the particle confinement, in the presence of a given level and spectrum of E x B turbulence, can occur for q(r)-profiles with reversed shear. A similar reduction in the transport, i.e. one that is independent of the turbulence, is observed in the presence of an equilibrium radial electric field with shear. The transport reduction, caused by the combined effects of radial electric field shear and both monotonic and reversed shear magnetic q-profiles, is also investigated.

Atmospheric pressure bioplasmas are being used in a variety of bio-medical and material processing applications, surface modifications of polymers. This plasma can generate the various kinds of radicals when it contacs with the water. Especially, hydroxyl radical species have very important role in the biological and chemical decontamination of media in this situation. It is very important to investigate the hydroxyl radical density in needle-typed plasma jet since it plays a crucial role in interaction between the living body and plasma. We have generated the needle-typed plasma jet bombarding the water surface by using an Ar gas flow and investigated the emission lines by OES (optical emission spectroscopy). It is noted that the electron temperature and plasma density are measured to be about 1.7 eV and 3.4 × 1012 cm−3, respectively, under Ar gas flow ranged from 80 to 300 sccm (standard cubic centimeter per minute) in this experiment. The hydroxyl radical density has also been investigated and measured to be maximum value of 2.6 × 1015 cm−3 for the gas flow rate of 150 sccm in the needle-typed plasma jet by the ultraviolet optical absorption spectroscopy.