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1. The measurement of a single-mode thermal field with a microwave cavity parametric amplifier

Author: C Braggio, G Carugno, F Della Valle, G Galeazzi, A Lombardi, G Ruoso, and D Zanello
Subjects: Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: In this paper, we present the experimental study of a single-mode thermal field carried out using a microwave parametric amplifier tuned at 1.5 GHz and working at room temperature. The parametric amplifier is based on a variable capacitance diode placed inside a microwave resonant cavity. The measured distribution of the thermal photons inside the resonator follows the expected Bose–Einstein distribution probability.
Published: 2013
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2. Preliminary results on TeV sources search with AGILE

Author: F. Perotti, E. Striani, Claudio Labanti, Sandro Mereghetti, C. Pittori, M. Trifoglio, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, L. Salotti, Enrico Costa, Elena Moretti, G. De Paris, Francesco Lazzarotto, S. Colafrancesco, A. Rappoldi, Francesco Longo, Geiland Porrovecchio, Ennio Morelli, P. Picozza, V. Cocco, A. W. Chen, Massimo Rapisarda, A. Pellizzoni, S. Vercellone, P. Giommi, Arnaud Ferrari, G. Di Cocco, Marco Tavani, D. Zanello, E. Del Monte, I. Donnarumma, S. Sabatini, V. Vittorini, Y. Evangelista, M. Prest, Martino Marisaldi, A. Zambra, E. Vallazza, A. Giuliani, F. Boffelli, T. Froysland, M. Fiorini, Paolo Soffitta, P. A. Caraveo, M. Mastropietro, Guido Barbiellini, P. Santolamazza, M. Galli, F. Verrecchia, Alda Rubini, P. W. Cattaneo, I. Lapshov, F. Fuschino, Paolo Lipari, A. Morselli, F. D’ Ammando, G. Piano, M. Pilia, G. Pucella, Fulvio Gianotti, Alessio Trois, A., Rappoldi, Longo, Francesco, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, A. W., Chen, V., Cocco, S., Colafrancesco, E., Costa, Ammando, F., Paris, G., Monte, E., Cocco, G., I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, A., Ferrari, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, P., Giommi, A., Giuliani, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, C., Pittori, G., Porrovecchio, M., Prest, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, A., Rubini, S., Sabatini, L., Salotti, P., Santolamazza, P., Soffitta, E., Striani, M., Tavani, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, F., Verrecchia, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, and D., Zanello
Subjects: Physics, Very High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, AGILe, gamma ray sky, TeV source, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Sky, Milagro, Satellite, MAGIC (telescope), business, Instrumentation, Agile software development, media_common
Abstract: During its first 2 years of operation, the gamma-ray AGILE satellite almost completed a full study of the gamma-ray sky. This paper presents the preliminary results of the systematic study performed on the AGILE data to search for GeV counterparts and to derive flux upper limits of the TeV sources detected by various instruments (MAGIC, HESS, VERITAS, Cangaroo, MILAGRO, ARGO, … .).
Published: 2011

3. THE 2009 DECEMBER GAMMA-RAY FLARE OF 3C 454.3: THE MULTIFREQUENCY CAMPAIGN

Author: L. Salotti, E. Moretti, Mark Gurwell, C. Pittori, M. Tavani, S. Vercellone, V. Vittorini, F. Longo, T. Sakamoto, Martino Marisaldi, A. Morselli, M. Galli, P. Santolamazza, G. Barbiellini P. Caraveo, Elena Pian, C. M. Raiteri, M. Pilia, Francesco Lucarelli, A. Trois, A. Rubini, F. D'Ammando, F. Verrecchia, Michael C. Stroh, M. Prest, F. Perotti, Andrea Tiengo, E. Vallazza, P. W. Cattaneo, M. Feroci, Merja Tornikoski, M. Villata, L. Pacciani, P. Picozza, A. Pellizzoni, E. Costa, E. Del Monte, A. Rappoldi, M. Fiorini, Ryosuke Itoh, P. A. Curran, Masayuki Yamanaka, G. Pucella, F. Lazzarotto, Valeri M. Larionov, C. S. Lin, F. Gianotti, A. C. Sadun, A. Giuliani, V. Cocco, Arnaud Ferrari, P. Lipari, M. Trifoglio, M. Fiocchi, E. Morelli, Andrei Berdyugin, G. Piano, H. A. Krimm, Sandro Mereghetti, L. O. Takalo, A. D. Falcone, S. Colafrancesco, Claudio Labanti, D. Zanello, F. Fuschino, D. Fugazza, G. Di Cocco, M. Rapisarda, A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, Makoto Uemura, P. Giommi, Anne Lähteenmäki, G. De Paris, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, P. Soffitta, A. W. Chen, Paolo Leto, Hugh D. Aller, E. Striani, Mahito Sasada, I. Lapshov, M. F. Aller, S. Sabatini, Pacciani L, Vittorini V, Tavani M, Fiocchi MT, Vercellone S, DAmmando F, Sakamoto T, Pian E, Raiteri CM, Villata M, Sasada M, Itoh R, Yamanaka M, Uemura M, Striani E, Fugazza D, Tiengo A, Krimm HA, Stroh MC, Falcone AD, Curran PA, Sadun AC, Lahteenmaki A, Tornikoski M, Aller HD, Aller MF, Lin CS, Larionov VM, Leto P, Takalo LO, Berdyugin A, Gurwell MA, Bulgarelli A, Chen AW, Donnarumma I, Giuliani A, Longo F, Pucella G, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Costa E, De Paris G, Del Monte E, Di Cocco G, Evangelista Y, Ferrari A, Feroci M, Fiorini M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pilia M, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Zanello D, Colafrancesco S, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Santolamazza P, Lucarelli F, Giommi P, Salotti L, L., Pacciani, V., Vittorini, M., Tavani, M. T., Fiocchi, S., Vercellone, F., D'Ammando, T., Sakamoto, E., Pian, C. M., Raiteri, M., Villata, M., Sasada, R., Itoh, M., Yamanaka, M., Uemura, E., Striani, D., Fugazza, A., Tiengo, H. A., Krimm, M. C., Stroh, A. D., Falcone, P. A., Curran, A. C., Sadun, A., Lahteenmaki, M., Tornikoski, H. D., Aller, M. F., Aller, C. S., Lin, V. M., Larionov, P., Leto, L. O., Takalo, A., Berdyugin, M. A., Gurwell, A., Bulgarelli, A. W., Chen, I., Donnarumma, A., Giuliani, Longo, Francesco, G., Pucella, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, E., Costa, G. D., Pari, E. D., Monte, G. D., Cocco, Y., Evangelista, A., Ferrari, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, S., Sabatini, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, D., Zanello, S., Colafrancesco, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, P., Santolamazza, F., Lucarelli, P., Giommi, and L., Salotti
Subjects: Agile, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, galaxies: active, Flux, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, gamma-ray source, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, AGILE satellite, Active Galactic Nuclei, Spectral line, blazar, law.invention, Accretion disc, multi wavelength observation, law, quasars: general, Blazar, media_common, Physics, galaxies: individual (3C 454.3), Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Wavelength, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Flare
Abstract: During the month of 2009 December, the blazar 3C 454.3 became the brightest gamma-ray source in the sky, reaching a peak flux F 2000 × 10 -8 photons cm-2 s-1 for E > 100 MeV. Starting in 2009 November intensive multifrequency campaigns monitored the 3C 454 gamma-ray outburst. Here, we report on the results of a two-month campaign involving AGILE, INTEGRAL, Swift/XRT, Swift/BAT, and Rossi XTE for the high-energy observations and Swift/UVOT, KANATA, Goddard Robotic Telescope, and REM for the near-IR/optical/UV data. GASP/WEBT provided radio and additional optical data. We detected a long-term active emission phase lasting 1 month at all wavelengths: in the gamma-ray band, peak emission was reached on 2009 December 2-3. Remarkably, this gamma-ray super-flare was not accompanied by correspondingly intense emission in the optical/UV band that reached a level substantially lower than the previous observations in 2007-2008. The lack of strong simultaneous optical brightening during the super-flare and the determination of the broadband spectral evolution severely constrain the theoretical modeling. We find that the pre- and post-flare broadband behavior can be explained by a one-zone model involving synchrotron self-Compton plus external Compton emission from an accretion disk and a broad-line region. However, the spectra of the 2009 December 2-3 super-flare and of the secondary peak emission on 2009 December 9 cannot be satisfactorily modeled by a simple one-zone model. An additional particle component is most likely active during these states. © 2010. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
Published: 2010

4. Long-term AGILE monitoring of the puzzling gamma-ray source 3EG J1835+5918

Author: G. De Paris, A. Zambra, F. D'Ammando, M. Feroci, M. Fiorini, Dario Gasparrini, L. Pacciani, F. Longo, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, F. Boffelli, M. Rapisarda, P. Picozza, A. Argan, F. Perotti, E. Del Monte, G. Pucella, A. Trois, Andrea Bulgarelli, I. Donnarumma, T. Froysland, P. Soffitta, A. Pellizzoni, Guido Barbiellini, Enrico Costa, Y. Evangelista, F. Lazzarotto, V. Vittorini, V. Cocco, P. Santolamazza, M. Trifoglio, A. Giuliani, Paolo Lipari, A. W. Chen, P. Giommi, F. Fuschino, S. Vercellone, C. Pittoril, M. Galli, F. Verrecchia, Martino Marisaldi, Sandro Mereghetti, P. W. Cattaneo, P. A. Caraveo, I. Lapshov, M. Prest, S. Colafrancesco, Marco Tavani, G. Piano, A. Morselli, Claudio Labanti, L. Salotti, D. Zanello, M. Marelli, G. Di Cocco, S. Cutini, Fulvio Gianotti, Bulgarelli A, Tavani M, Caraveo P, Chen AW, Gianotti F, Trifoglio M, Marelli M, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Costa E, DAmmando F, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Fuschino F, Galli M, Giuliani A, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Soffitta P, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Giommi P, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Santolamazza P, Gasparrini D, Cutini S, Colafrancesco S, Salotti L, A., Bulgarelli, M., Tavani, P., Caraveo, A. W., Chen, F., Gianotti, M., Trifoglio, M., Marelli, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, E., Costa, F., D'Ammando, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, A., Giuliani, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Prest, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, P., Soffitta, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, P., Giommi, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, P., Santolamazza, D., Gasparrini, S., Cutini, S., Colafrancesco, and L., Salotti
Subjects: Photon, Field (physics), FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Field of view, Astrophysics, Unidentified Gamma-ray Source, Power law, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, AGILE gamma ray satellite, 3EG J1835+5918, Egret, Physics, biology, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, biology.organism_classification, Term (time), Space and Planetary Science, Unidentified Gamma-ray Sources, AGILE satellite, gamma rays: observations
Abstract: We present the AGILE gamma-ray observations of the field containing the puzzling gamma-ray source 3EG J1835+5918. This source is one of the most remarkable unidentified EGRET sources. An unprecedentedly long AGILE monitoring of this source yields important information on the positional error box, flux evolution, and spectrum. 3EG J1835+5918 has been in the AGILE field of view several times in 2007 and 2008 for a total observing time of 138 days from 2007 Sept 04 to 2008 June 30 encompassing several weeks of continuous coverage. With an exposure time approximately twice that of EGRET, AGILE confirms the existence of a prominent gamma-ray source (AGL J1836+5926) at a position consistent with that of EGRET, although with a remarkably lower average flux value for photon energies greater than 100 MeV. A 5-day bin temporal analysis of the whole data set of AGL J1836+5926 shows some evidence for variability of the gamma-ray flux. The source spectrum between 100 MeV and 1 GeV can be fitted with a power law with photon index in the range 1.6-1.7, fully consistent with the EGRET value. The faint X-ray source RX J1836.2+5925 that has been proposed as a possible counterpart of 3EG J1835+5918 is well within the AGILE error box. Future continuous monitoring (both by AGILE and GLAST) is needed to confirm the gamma-ray flux variability and to unveil the source origin, a subject that is currently being pursued through a multiwavelength search for counterparts., Comment: accepted for publication by Astron. & Astrophys, 4 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2008

5. The AGILE space mission

Author: Francesco Longo, V. Cocco, M. Trifoglio, Ennio Morelli, Alda Rubini, Sandro Mereghetti, F. Perotti, P. A. Caraveo, A. Zambra, E. Rossi, C. Pittori, G. Di Cocco, T. Froysland, M. Galli, Martino Marisaldi, F. Fuschino, M. Fiorini, Paolo Soffitta, G. De Paris, G. Barbiellini, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, A. Morselli, F. Mauri, I. Lapshov, E. Del Monte, G. Pucella, Marco Tavani, Massimo Rapisarda, M. Mastropietro, M. Prest, Claudio Labanti, Paolo Lipari, S. Vercellone, D. Zanello, E. Vallazza, Angelo Antonelli, C. Pontoni, A. W. Chen, P. Giommi, A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, Enrico Costa, Fulvio Gianotti, Alessio Trois, Geiland Porrovecchio, Francesco Lazzarotto, I. Donnarumma, P. Picozza, A. Pellizzoni, A. Giuliani, Y. Evangelista, M., Tavani, G., Barbiellini, A., Argan, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, A., Chen, V., Cocco, E., Costa, G. D., Pari, E. D., Monte, G. D., Cocco, I., Donnarumma, M., Feroci, M., Florini, T., Froysland, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, A., Giuliani, Y., Evangelista, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, F., Mauri, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, C., Pontoni, G., Porrovecchio, M., Prest, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, E., Rossi, A., Rubini, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, A., Zarnbra, D., Zanello, P., Giommi, A., Antonelli, and C., Pittori
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Active galactic nucleus, silicon tungsten tracker, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Detector, Astronomy, Detectors, Space (commercial competition), small mission, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Universe, Supernova, Orbit (dynamics), AGILE satellite, Angular resolution, business, Instrumentation, Agile software development, media_common
Abstract: AGILE is an Italian Space Agency mission dedicated to the exploration of the gamma-ray Universe. The AGILE, very innovative instrument, combines for the first time a gamma-ray imager (sensitive in the range 30 MeV–50 GeV) and a hard X-ray imager (sensitive in the range 18–60 keV). An optimal angular resolution and very large fields of view are obtained by the use of state-of-the-art Silicon detectors integrated in a very compact instrument. AGILE was successfully launched on April 23, 2007 from the Indian base of Sriharikota and was inserted in an optimal low-particle background equatorial orbit. AGILE will provide crucial data for the study of Active Galactic Nuclei, Gamma-Ray Bursts, unidentified gamma-ray sources, galactic compact objects, supernova remnants, TeV sources, and fundamental physics by microsecond timing. The AGILE Cycle-1 pointing program started on 2007 December 1, and is open to the international community through a Guest Observer Program.
Published: 2008

6. AGILE Detection of a Strong Gamma-Ray Flare from the Blazar 3C 454.3

Author: T. Froysland, Martino Marisaldi, G. De Paris, Dario Gasparrini, Fulvio Gianotti, F. Perotti, F. Mauri, L. Salotti, A. Zambra, M. Prest, S. Cutini, Francesco Longo, G. Di Cocco, Paolo Giommi, Francesco Lazzarotto, M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, Paolo Soffitta, F. Verrecchia, Marco Tavani, A. Pellizzoni, D. Zanello, Massimo Rapisarda, Claudio Labanti, Alessio Trois, Sergio Colafrancesco, L. A. Antonelli, P. A. Caraveo, Sandro Mereghetti, A. Giuliani, S. Vercellone, M. Fiorini, I. Donnarumma, Guido Barbiellini, A. Morselli, F. D'Ammando, Y. Evangelista, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, Paolo Lipari, E. Vallazza, F. Fuschino, V. Cocco, V. Vittorini, E. Del Monte, M. Trifoglio, G. Pucella, I. Lapshov, A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, Enrico Costa, A. W. Chen, C. Pittori, S., Vercellone, A. W., Chen, A., Giuliani, A., Bulgarelli, I., Donnarumma, I., Lapshov, M., Tavani, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, P., Caraveo, V., Cocco, E., Costa, F., D'Ammando, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, F., Mauri, S., Mereghetti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, M., Prest, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, D., Gasparrini, S., Cutini, P., Giommi, L. A., Antonelli, S., Colafrancesco, L., Salotti, Vercellone S, Chen AW, Giuliani A, Bulgarelli A, Donnarumma I, Lapshov I, Tavani M, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Caraveo P, Cocco V, Costa E, DAmmando F, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mauri F, Mereghetti S, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Gasparrini D, Cutini S, Giommi P, Antonelli LA, Colafrancesco S, and Salotti L
Subjects: High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Active Galactic Nuclei, AGILE satellite, Agile, Photon, blazar, gamma and X-ray detection, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, law.invention, astro-ph, law, Blazar, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Astrophysics (astro-ph), Detector, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Space and Planetary Science, gamma rays: observations — quasars: individual (3C 454.3), Energy (signal processing), Flare
Abstract: We report the first blazar detection by the AGILE satellite. AGILE detected 3C 454.3 during a period of strongly enhanced optical emission in July 2007. AGILE observed the source with a dedicated repointing during the period 2007 July 24-30 with its two co-aligned imagers, the Gamma-Ray Imaging Detector and the hard X-ray imager Super-AGILE sensitive in the 30 MeV-50 GeV and 18-60 keV, respectively. Over the entire period, AGILE detected gamma-ray emission from 3C 454.3 at a significance level of 13.8-$\sigma$ with an average flux (E$>$100 MeV) of $(280 \pm 40) \times 10^{-8}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. The gamma-ray flux appears to be variable towards the end of the observation. No emission was detected by Super-AGILE in the energy range 20-60 keV, with a 3-$\sigma$ upper limit of $2.3 \times 10^{-3}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. The gamma-ray flux level of 3C 454.3 detected by AGILE is the highest ever detected for this quasar and among the most intense gamma-ray fluxes ever detected from Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars., Comment: Accepted by Astrophysical Journal Letters; 14 pages, 3 EPS Figures, 1 Table
Published: 2008

7. Recombination Rate Estimate in the Quantum-like Description of a Nested Trap

Author: G Gorini, G. Torelli, D. Zanello, Renato Fedele, Fedele, Renato, G., Gorini, G., Torelli, and D., Zanello
Subjects: Physics, Thermodynamic equilibrium, Nested traps for antiproton, Anti-hydrogen recombination rate, Semiclassical physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Trap (computing), Thermal Wave Model for charged particle beam, Distribution (mathematics), Antiproton, Quantum electrodynamics, Particle, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, Antihydrogen, Quantum, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: By using a recently-proposed quantum-like approach in semiclassical approximation, the equilibrium state of the particle distribution is given in a simple 1-D model of a nested trap. This result is used to evaluate the antihydrogen recombination rate in a nested trap containing antiprotons and positrons.
Published: 2001

8. The characterization of the distant blazar GB6 J1239+0443 from flaring and low activity periods

Author: C. Pittori, S. Vercellone, Paolo Lipari, Ennio Morelli, F. Lucarelli, Martino Marisaldi, Paolo Soffitta, E. Del Monte, E. Moretti, A. Domingo, L. Salotti, G. De Paris, E. Striani, S. Rainò, Francesco Lazzarotto, A. Pellizzoni, D. Zanello, A. Tarchi, V. Vittorini, F. Fuschino, Francesco Longo, F. Perotti, I. Lapshov, Sandro Mereghetti, P. W. Cattaneo, M. Trifoglio, A. Giuliani, A. W. Chen, G. Valentini, Y. Evangelista, G. Piano, Y. Ikejiri, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, S. Sabatini, M. Fiorini, P. Santolamazza, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, Marco Tavani, Massimo Rapisarda, Sergio Colafrancesco, A. Argan, Alda Rubini, Andrea Bulgarelli, Paolo Giommi, Enrico Costa, Masayuki Yamanaka, A. Morselli, Attilio Ferrari, I. Donnarumma, G. Pucella, Guido Barbiellini, Roberto J. Assef, G. Di Cocco, Makoto Uemura, Claudio Labanti, M. Giusti, M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, F. Verrecchia, Fulvio Gianotti, Kelly D. Denney, M. Prest, Maura Pilia, Alessio Trois, and P. A. Caraveo
Subjects: Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Luminosity, Black hole, Space and Planetary Science, Spectral energy distribution, Emission spectrum, Blazar, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Line (formation), Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: In 2008 AGILE and Fermi detected gamma-ray flaring activity from the unidentified EGRET source 3EG J1236+0457, recently associated with a flat spectrum radio quasar GB6 J1239+0443 at z=1.762. The optical counterpart of the gamma-ray source underwent a flux enhancement of a factor 15-30 in 6 years, and of ~10 in six months. We interpret this flare-up in terms of a transition from an accretion-disk dominated emission to a synchrotron-jet dominated one. We analysed a Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) archival optical spectrum taken during a period of low radio and optical activity of the source. We estimated the mass of the central black hole using the width of the CIV emission line. In our work, we have also investigated SDSS archival optical photometric data and UV GALEX observations to estimate the thermal-disk emission contribution of GB6 J1239+0443. Our analysis of the gamma-ray data taken during the flaring episodes indicates a flat gamma-ray spectrum, with an extension of up to 15 GeV, with no statistically-relevant sign of absorption from the broad line region, suggesting that the blazar-zone is located beyond the broad line region. This result is confirmed by the modeling of the broad-band spectral energy distribution (well constrained by the available multiwavelength data) of the flaring activity periods and by the accretion disk luminosity and black hole mass estimated by us using archival data.
Published: 2012

9. Characterization of a tagged γ-ray beam line at the DAΦNE Beam Test Facility

Author: A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, E. Moretti, Geiland Porrovecchio, Martino Marisaldi, A. W. Chen, P. Picozza, A. Zambra, F. D'Ammando, Bruno Buonomo, P. Santolamazza, G. Barbiellini, S. Vercellone, Alessio Trois, M. Fiorini, I. Donnarumma, M. Galli, Y. Evangelista, E. Vallazza, Marco Feroci, Fulvio Gianotti, Arnaud Ferrari, Luigi Pacciani, F. Longo, G. De Paris, F. Verrecchia, F. Perotti, G. Piano, S. Sabatini, F. Boffelli, Ennio Morelli, Alda Rubini, P. W. Cattaneo, P. Caraveo, V. Cocco, L. Foggetta, Claudio Labanti, Francesco Lazzarotto, Marco Tavani, A. Pellizzoni, E. Costa, M. Prest, D. Zanello, L. Salotti, A. Morselli, M. Pilia, Paolo Soffitta, Paolo Valente, Sandro Mereghetti, G. Di Cocco, A. Rappoldi, A. Giuliani, M. Mastropietro, S. Colafrancesco, V. Vittorini, Massimo Rapisarda, G. Pucella, Lina Quintieri, C. Pittori, T. Froysland, E. Striani, F. Fuschino, I. Lapshov, Paolo Lipari, P. Giommi, E. Del Monte, G. Mazzitelli, and M. Trifoglio
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, Bremsstrahlung, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, Optics, Beamline, Dipole magnet, 0103 physical sciences, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Beam (structure), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: At the core of the AGILE scientific instrument, designed to operate on a satellite, there is the Gamma Ray Imaging Detector (GRID) consisting of a Silicon Tracker (ST), a Cesium Iodide Mini-Calorimeter and an Anti-Coincidence system of plastic scintillator bars. The ST needs an on-ground calibration with a g-ray beam to validate the simulation used to calculate the energy response function and the effective area versus the energy and the direction of the g rays. A tagged g-ray beam line was designed at the Beam Test Facility (BTF) of the INFN Laboratori Nazionali of Frascati (LNF), based on an electron beam generating g-rays through bremsstrahlung in a position-sensitive target. The g-ray energy is deduced by difference with the post-bremsstrahlung electron energy [1,2]. The electron energy is measured by a spectrometer consisting of a dipole magnet and an array of position sensitive silicon strip detectors, the Photon Tagging System (PTS). The use of the combined BTF-PTS system as tagged photon beam requires understanding the efficiency of g-ray tagging, the probability of fake tagging, the energy resolution and Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect
Published: 2012

10. Calibration and monitoring of the MEG experiment by a proton beam from a Cockcroft–Walton accelerator

Author: D.N. Grigoriev, M. Rossella, P.-R. Kettle, Luca Galli, A. M. Baldini, Marco Grassi, Flavio Gatti, A. de Bari, Tomiyoshi Haruyama, R. Pazzi, J. Adam, Stefan Ritt, N. P. Kravchuk, M. Panareo, W. R. Molzon, H. Natori, M. Corbo, Donato Nicolo, G. Gallucci, E. Baracchini, D. Mzavia, Fedor Ignatov, Satoshi Mihara, Hajime Nishiguchi, Gianluigi Boca, Tadayoshi Doke, T. Iwamoto, P. W. Cattaneo, M. De Gerone, C. Topchyan, C. Voena, B. Golden, K. Fratini, J. Egger, X. Bai, A. Maki, Malte Hildebrandt, Yu.V. Yudin, N. Curalli, Angela Papa, Yasuhiro Nishimura, C. Cerri, O. Kiselev, A. S. Korenchenko, Wataru Ootani, R. Valle, B.I. Khazin, Akira Yamamoto, Ryu Sawada, Fabrizio Cei, C. Bemporad, F. Renga, A.S. Popov, Giovanni Signorelli, F. Sergiampietri, Yuki Fujii, G. Cavoto, F. Tenchini, G. Piredda, D. Zanello, F. Xiao, Takehiko Mori, Yusuke Uchiyama, and S. Dussoni
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Spectrometer, Proton, Branching fraction, Particle accelerator, law.invention, Calorimeter, γrays, Beam monitoring, Calibration, CockcroftWalton accelerator, Instrumentation, Nuclear physics, law, Nucleon
Abstract: The MEG experiment at PSI searches for the decay μ → e γ at a level of ≈ 10 − 13 on the branching ratio BR ( μ → e γ / μ → tot ), well beyond the present experimental limit ( BR ≤ 1.2 × 10 − 11 ) and is sensitive to the predictions of SUSY-GUT theories. To reach this goal the experiment uses one of the most intense continuous surface muon beams available ( ≈ 10 8 μ / s ) and relies on advanced technology (LXe calorimetry, a gradient-field superconducting spectrometer as well as flexible and powerful trigger and acquisition systems). In order to maintain the highest possible energy, time and spatial resolutions for such detector, frequent calibration and monitoring, using a Cockcroft–Walton proton accelerator, are required. The proton beam is brought to the centre of MEG by a special bellows insertion system and travels in a direction opposite to the one of the normal μ ‐ beam . Protons interact with a lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7) nuclear target and produce one γ (17.6 MeV) from the reaction Li ( p , γ ) 3 7 Be 4 8 or two coincident γ s (11.67 and 4.4 MeV) from the reaction B ( p , γ 1 ) 5 11 C ⁎ 6 12 . The 17.6 MeV γ is used for calibrating and monitoring the LXe calorimeter ( σ E γ / E γ = 3.85 ± 0.15 % at 17.6 MeV) while the coincident 11.67 and 4.4 MeV γ s are used to measure the relative timing of the calorimeter and the spectrometer timing counters ( σ Δ t = 0.450 ± 0.015 ns ).
Published: 2011

11. Discovery of Powerful Gamma-Ray Flares from the Crab Nebula

Author: F. Fuschino, Craig O. Heinke, M. Pilia, A. Argan, G. Di Cocco, P. Giommi, Francesco Longo, Fulvio Gianotti, Andrea Bulgarelli, C. Pittori, A. Zambra, Enrico Costa, Guido Barbiellini, Dieter Horns, Carlo Ferrigno, V. Vittorini, M. Trifoglio, Riccardo Campana, M. Prest, Ennio Morelli, E. Striani, F. Perotti, G. Piano, Y. Evangelista, Paolo Lipari, P. Santolamazza, T. Contessi, M. Giusti, Francesco Lazzarotto, Giovanni F. Bignami, Alda Rubini, P. W. Cattaneo, Arnaud Ferrari, D. Zanello, I. Lapshov, Marco Tavani, S. Sabatini, Claudio Labanti, Alessio Trois, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, Martino Marisaldi, A. De Luca, A. W. Chen, F. Lucarelli, E. Del Monte, L. Salotti, P. A. Caraveo, A. Pellizzoni, A. Morselli, G. DeParis, Martin C. Weisskopf, Allyn F. Tennant, Elena Moretti, M. Galli, P. Picozza, A. Giuliani, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, Sandro Mereghetti, G. Pucella, Massimo Rapisarda, F. Verrecchia, I. Donnarumma, G. Di Persio, Filippo D'Ammando, Paolo Soffitta, S. Vercellone, Tavani, M., Bulgarelli, A., Vittorini, V., Pellizzoni, A., Striani, E., Caraveo, P., Weisskopf, M. C., Tennant, A., Pucella, G., Trois, A., Costa, E., Evangelista, Y., Pittori, C., Verrecchia, F., Del Monte, E., Campana, R., Pilia, M., De Luca, A., Donnarumma, I., Horns, D., Ferrigno, C., Heinke, C. O., Trifoglio, M., Gianotti, F., Vercellone, S., Argan, A., Barbiellini, G., Cattaneo, P. W., Chen, A. W., Contessi, T., D'Ammando, F., Deparis, G., Di Cocco, G., Di Persio, G., Feroci, M., Ferrari, A., Galli, M., Giuliani, A., Giusti, M., Labanti, C., Lapshov, I., Lazzarotto, F., Lipari, P., Longo, Francesco, Fuschino, F., Marisaldi, M., Mereghetti, S., Morelli, E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Pacciani, L., Perotti, F., Piano, G., Picozza, P., Prest, M., Rapisarda, M., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, A., Sabatini, S., Soffitta, P., Vallazza, E., Zambra, A., Zanello, D., Lucarelli, F., Santolamazza, P., Giommi, P., Salotti, L., Bignami, G. F., Tavani M, Bulgarelli A, Vittorini V, Pellizzoni A, Striani E, Caraveo P, Weisskopf MC, Tennant A, Pucella G, Trois A, Costa E, Evangelista Y, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Del Monte E, Campana R, Pilia M, De Luca A, Donnarumma I, Horns D, Ferrigno C, Heinke CO, Trifoglio M, Gianotti F, Vercellone S, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, Contessi T, DAmmando F, DeParis G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Galli M, Giuliani A, Giusti M, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Fuschino F, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Soffitta P, Vallazza E, Zambra A, Zanello D, Lucarelli F, Santolamazza P, Giommi P, Salotti L, and Bignami GF
Subjects: individual: Crab Nebula [pulsars], AGILE, Crab Nebula, pulsar, gamma-ray, flare, pulsars: individual: Crab Nebula, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Gamma-Ray Flare, gamma-rays, Crab Nebula, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Protoplanetary nebula, Luminosity, law.invention, Emission nebula, Pulsar, law, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Supernova remnant, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Nebula, Multidisciplinary, Astronomy, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flare
Abstract: The well known Crab Nebula is at the center of the SN1054 supernova remnant. It consists of a rotationally-powered pulsar interacting with a surrounding nebula through a relativistic particle wind. The emissions originating from the pulsar and nebula have been considered to be essentially stable. Here we report the detection of strong gamma-ray (100 MeV-10 GeV) flares observed by the AGILE satellite in September, 2010 and October, 2007. In both cases, the unpulsed flux increased by a factor of 3 compared to the non-flaring flux. The flare luminosity and short timescale favor an origin near the pulsar, and we discuss Chandra Observatory X-ray and HST optical follow-up observations of the nebula. Our observations challenge standard models of nebular emission and require power-law acceleration by shock-driven plasma wave turbulence within a ~1-day timescale., Comment: 23 pages (including Supporting On-line Material), 8 figures, 1 table. Version published in Science Express on January 6, 2011 (available at http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2011/01/05/science.1200083)
Published: 2011

12. A limit for the decay from the MEG experiment

Author: E. Baracchini, Stefan Ritt, J. Egger, N.P. Kravchuk, F. Xiao, M. Hildebrandt, H. Natori, R. Pazzi, C. Bemporad, Yusuke Uchiyama, A. M. Baldini, G. Piredda, S. Yamada, B. I. Khazin, P.-R. Kettle, Y. Nishimura, G. Gallucci, Y. Hisamatsu, A. Korenchenko, D.N. Grigoriev, A. de Bari, Tomiyoshi Haruyama, Flavio Gatti, M. Panareo, Roberto Di Nardo, F. Ignatov, C. Topchyan, S. Dussoni, V. Tumakov, Satoshi Mihara, M. De Gerone, J. Adam, Hajime Nishiguchi, G. Cecchet, Martin Schneebeli, O. Kiselev, S. Suzuki, C. Cerri, D. Kaneko, R. Valle, G. Cavoto, Ryu Sawada, B. Golden, D. Zanello, G. Boca, Fabrizio Cei, P. W. Cattaneo, W. R. Molzon, C. Voena, T. Iwamoto, L. Galli, T. Doke, A. Barchiesi, A.S. Popov, Angela Papa, D. Mzavia, F. Sergiampietri, Wataru Ootani, A. Maki, Giovanni Signorelli, X. Bai, S. Yamashita, Yu.V. Yudin, M. Grassi, Akira Yamamoto, Toshinori Mori, Donato Nicolo, F. Renga, and Massimo Rossella
Subjects: Superconductivity, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Spectrometer, Branching fraction, Physics::Medical Physics, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Calorimeter, Nuclear physics, Positron, Xenon, chemistry, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Limit (mathematics), Lepton flavour violation, Muon decay
Abstract: A search for the decay μ + → e + γ , performed at PSI and based on data from the initial three months of operation of the MEG experiment, yields an upper limit on the branching ratio of BR ( μ + → e + γ ) ⩽ 2.8 × 10 − 11 (90% C.L.). This corresponds to the measurement of positrons and photons from ∼ 10 14 stopped μ + -decays by means of a superconducting positron spectrometer and a 900 litre liquid xenon photon detector.
Published: 2010

13. Resonance frequency shift in a cavity with a thin conducting film near a conducting wall

Author: Giovanni Carugno, Giuseppe Ruoso, D. Zanello, G. Galeazzi, A. V. Dodonov, Caterina Braggio, V. V. Dodonov, and G. Bressi
Subjects: Physics, Optics, Resonance frequency shift, business.industry, Electromagnetic cavity, Slab, Cavity quantum electrodynamics, General Physics and Astronomy, Frequency shift, Thin film, Dielectric thin films, business, Displacement (fluid)
Abstract: We show that a very thin conducting film (whose thickness can be much smaller than the skin depth), placed nearby a wall of an electromagnetic cavity, can produce the same shift of the resonance frequency as a bulk conducting slab, provided the displacement of the film from the wall is much bigger than the skin depth. We derive a simple analytical formula for the frequency shift and compare it with exact numerical calculations and experimental data.
Published: 2007

14. Calibration of AGILE-GRID with in-flight data and Monte Carlo simulations

Author: F. Perotti, Ennio Morelli, Massimiliano Fiorini, Sandro Mereghetti, G. Valentini, P. W. Cattaneo, E. Moretti, C. Pittori, A. Rappoldi, V. Vittorini, P. Santolamazza, T. Contessi, G. De Paris, E. Vallazza, Francesco Longo, Fulvio Gianotti, I. Donnarumma, M. Trifoglio, A. Pellizzoni, M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, M. Giusti, Alda Rubini, G. Piano, Paolo Giommi, A. Morselli, Y. Evangelista, F. Verrecchia, G. Di Cocco, Francesco Lazzarotto, E. Striani, Attilio Ferrari, Valentina Fioretti, Marco Tavani, S. Sabatini, Paolo Lipari, A. Argan, Maura Pilia, I. Lapshov, F. Lucarelli, Sergio Colafrancesco, Guido Barbiellini, E. Del Monte, Martino Marisaldi, G. Pucella, Massimo Rapisarda, Alessio Trois, F. Fuschino, Andrea Bulgarelli, M. Prest, D. Zanello, Enrico Costa, C. Labanti, A. Giuliani, P. A. Caraveo, A. W. Chen, S. Vercellone, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, Paolo Soffitta, Rapisarda, M., Pucella, G., Tadayuki Takahashi, Stephen S. Murray, Jan-Willem A. den Herder, A. W., Chen, A., Argan, A., Bulgarelli, P. W., Cattaneo, A., Giuliani, C., Pittori, G., Pucella, M., Tavani, A., Troi, G., Barbiellini, P., Caraveo, S., Colafrancesco, E., Costa, Paris, G., Monte, E., Cocco, G., I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, A., Ferrari, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, P., Giommi, M., Giusti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, F., Lucarelli, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, S., Sabatini, P., Santolamazza, P., Soffitta, E., Striani, M., Trifoglio, L., Salotti, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, F., Verrecchia, V., Vittorini, D., Zanello, T., Contessi, BARBIELLINI AMIDEI, Guido, G., De Pari, E., Del Monte, G., Di Cocco, V., Fioretti, Moretti, Elena, and G., Valentini
Subjects: Photon, Monte Carlo method, X-ray telescope, techniques: image processing, Astrophysics, telescope, Orbital mechanics, Vela, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, law.invention, law, imaging detector, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Instrumentation: detector, image processing [techniques], detector [instrumentation], Detector, agile, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Calibrations, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Interpolation, Point spread function, gamma ray source, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Telescope, Optics, data analysis [methods], Calibration, instrumentation: detectors, gamma rays: general, telescopes, methods: data analysis, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), business.industry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Kalman filter, calibration, silicon tracker, Computational physics, Space and Planetary Science, Gamma rays: general, Instrumentation: detectors, Methods: data analysis, Techniques: image processing, Telescopes, Orbit (dynamics), AGILE satellite, business, general [gamma rays], Methods: data analysi
Abstract: Context: AGILE is a gamma-ray astrophysics mission which has been in orbit since 23 April 2007 and continues to operate reliably. The gamma-ray detector, AGILE-GRID, has observed Galactic and extragalactic sources, many of which were collected in the first AGILE Catalog. Aims: We present the calibration of the AGILE-GRID using in-flight data and Monte Carlo simulations, producing Instrument Response Functions (IRFs) for the effective area A_eff), Energy Dispersion Probability (EDP), and Point Spread Function (PSF), each as a function of incident direction in instrument coordinates and energy. Methods: We performed Monte Carlo simulations at different gamma-ray energies and incident angles, including background rejection filters and Kalman filter-based gamma-ray reconstruction. Long integrations of in-flight observations of the Vela, Crab and Geminga sources in broad and narrow energy bands were used to validate and improve the accuracy of the instrument response functions. Results: The weighted average PSFs as a function of spectra correspond well to the data for all sources and energy bands. Conclusions: Changes in the interpolation of the PSF from Monte Carlo data and in the procedure for construction of the energy-weighted effective areas have improved the correspondence between predicted and observed fluxes and spectra of celestial calibration sources, reducing false positives and obviating the need for post-hoc energy-dependent scaling factors. The new IRFs have been publicly available from the Agile Science Data Centre since November 25, 2011, while the changes in the analysis software will be distributed in an upcoming release.
Published: 2013

15. The MEG detector for μ +→e+ γ decay search

Author: F. Renga, C Topchyan, Angela Papa, A. Graziosi, Yasuhiro Nishimura, Donato Nicolo, Bi Khazin, Hajime Nishiguchi, Am Baldini, M. Rossella, N. P. Kravchuk, E. Ripiccini, G. M. A. Lim, Y. Hisamatsu, S. Galeotti, N. Curalli, Malte Hildebrandt, Luca Galli, A.S. Popov, D. Kaneko, K. Ozone, D. Mzavia, M. De Gerone, Roberto Di Nardo, C. Cerri, M. Corbo, F. Tenchini, G. Piredda, S. Yamada, Giovanni Signorelli, M. Schneebeli, H. Natori, C. Bemporad, S. Yamamoto, A. S. Korenchenko, Flavio Gatti, L. Del Frate, Ryu Sawada, Pw Cattaneo, D. Zanello, R. Valle, Satoshi Mihara, T. Iwamoto, W. R. Molzon, M. Panareo, K. Fratini, Pr Kettle, E Baracchini, Fabrizio Cei, F.V. Ignatov, X. Bai, Marco Grassi, S. Doke, C. Voena, F. Morsani, F. Raffaelli, Katsuyu Kasami, R. Pazzi, Wataru Ootani, Yuki Fujii, G. Gallucci, Satoru Yamashita, F Xiao, G. Cavoto, Gianluigi Boca, A. Maki, A. de Bari, Tomiyoshi Haruyama, Stefan Ritt, Yv Yudin, J. Adam, O. Kiselev, F. Sergiampietri, D.N. Grigoriev, S. Suzuki, Takehiko Mori, Yusuke Uchiyama, S. Dussoni, B Golden, J. Egger, J., Adam, X., Bai, A. M., Baldini, E., Baracchini, C., Bemporad, G., Boca, P. W., Cattaneo, G., Cavoto, F., Cei, C., Cerri, M., Corbo, N., Curalli, A., De Bari, M., De Gerone, L., Del Frate, S., Doke, S., Dussoni, J., Egger, K., Fratini, Y., Fujii, L., Galli, S., Galeotti, G., Gallucci, F., Gatti, B., Golden, M., Grassi, A., Graziosi, D. N., Grigoriev, T., Haruyama, M., Hildebrandt, Y., Hisamatsu, F., Ignatov, T., Iwamoto, D., Kaneko, K., Kasami, P. R., Kettle, B. I., Khazin, O., Kiselev, A., Korenchenko, N., Kravchuk, G., Lim, A., Maki, S., Mihara, W., Molzon, T., Mori, F., Morsani, D., Mzavia, R., Nardò, H., Natori, D., Nicolò, H., Nishiguchi, Y., Nishimura, W., Ootani, K., Ozone, Panareo, Marco, A., Papa, R., Pazzi, G., Piredda, A., Popov, F., Raffaelli, F., Renga, E., Ripiccini, S., Ritt, M., Rossella, R., Sawada, M., Schneebeli, F., Sergiampietri, G., Signorelli, S., Suzuki, F., Tenchini, C., Topchyan, Y., Uchiyama, R., Valle, C., Voena, F., Xiao, S., Yamada, S., Yamamoto, S., Yamashita, Yudin, Y. u. V., and D., Zanello
Subjects: Physics, Antiparticle, Muon, Spectrometer, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Photon energy, Charged Lepton Flavor Violation, Particle detector, Lepton, Nuclear physics, Particle decay, Positron, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract: The MEG (Mu to Electron Gamma) experiment has been running at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Switzerland since 2008 to search for the decay μ +→e+ γ by using one of the most intense continuous μ + beams in the world. This paper presents the MEG components: the positron spectrometer, including a thin target, a superconducting magnet, a set of drift chambers for measuring the muon decay vertex and the positron momentum, a timing counter for measuring the positron time, and a liquid xenon detector for measuring the photon energy, position and time. The trigger system, the read-out electronics and the data acquisition system are also presented in detail. The paper is completed with a description of the equipment and techniques developed for the calibration in time and energy and the simulation of the whole apparatus., The European Physical Journal C, 73 (4), ISSN:1434-6044, ISSN:1434-6052
Published: 2013

16. Upper limits on the high-energy emission from gamma-ray bursts observed by AGILE-GRID

Author: Arnaud Ferrari, Paolo Lipari, M. Cardillo, F. Fuschino, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, A. Pellizzoni, Elena Moretti, Paolo Soffitta, A. Giuliani, Marco Tavani, L. Salotti, A. Rappoldi, G. Di Cocco, E. Del Monte, Francesco Longo, S. Sabatini, A. Argan, M. Galli, Andrea Bulgarelli, M. Olivo, C. Pittori, F. Verrecchia, F. Lucarelli, M. Fiorini, G. Pucella, Enrico Costa, M. Giusti, Sandro Mereghetti, E. Striani, Marco Feroci, P. Santolamazza, Luigi Pacciani, Francesco Lazzarotto, L. Nava, V. Vittorini, F. Perotti, A. W. Chen, I. Lapshov, M. Trifoglio, D. Zanello, P. Giommi, Alda Rubini, P. W. Cattaneo, S. Vercellone, Fulvio Gianotti, Filippo D'Ammando, Claudio Labanti, P. Picozza, S. Cutini, M. Rapisarda, S. Colafrancesco, Martino Marisaldi, Maura Pilia, L. A. Antonelli, Alessio Trois, M. Prest, G. Piano, P. A. Caraveo, R. Desiante, G. Barbiellini, A. Morselli, E. Vallazza, Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut) (MPI-P), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino (INFN, Sezione di Torino), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], Uppsala University, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), I.C.R.E, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Bologna (IASF-Bo), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica - Milano (IASF-MI), Dept. of Physics, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Natl Res Council, Perugia Div, Institute of Plant Genetics, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 3 (INFN, Sezione di Roma 3), INAF-Cagliari Astronomical Observatory, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Palermo (IASF-Pa), Universita degli studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' [Napoli], Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' = University of Naples (PARTHENOPE), Longo, Francesco, E., Moretti, L., Nava, R., Desiante, M., Olivo, Monte, E., A., Rappoldi, F., Fuschino, M., Marisaldi, A., Giuliani, S., Cutini, M., Feroci, E., Costa, C., Pittori, M., Tavani, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, M., Cardillo, P. W., Cattaneo, A. W., Chen, F., D'Ammando, Cocco, G., I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, M., Giusti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, S., Mereghetti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, M., Prest, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, A., Rubini, S., Sabatini, P., Soffitta, E., Striani, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, D., Zanello, L. A., Antonelli, S., Colafrancesco, P., Giommi, P., Santolamazza, F., Verrecchia, F., Lucarelli, L., Salotti, Longo F, Moretti E, Nava L, Desiante R, Olivo M, Del Monte E, Rappoldi A, Fuschino F, Marisaldi M, Giuliani A, Cutini S, Feroci M, Costa E, Pittori C, Tavani M, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Cardillo M, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, DAmmando F, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Galli M, Gianotti F, Giusti M, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Mereghetti S, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pilia M, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Soffitta P, Striani E, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zanello D, Antonelli LA, Colafrancesco S, Giommi P, Santolamazza P, Verrecchia F, Lucarelli F, and Salotti L
Subjects: High energy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, gamma-ray burst: general, Context (language use), Astrophysics, general [gamma-ray burst], 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Bayesian data analysis, AGILE, gamma ray burst, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Grid, Space and Planetary Science, Gamma-ray burst, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Context. The detection and the characterization of the high energy emission component from individual gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is one of the key science objectives of the currently operating gamma-ray satellite AGILE, launched in April 2007. In its first two years of operation AGILE detected three GRBs with photons of energy larger than 30 MeV. One more GRB was detected in AGILE third operation year, while operating in spinning mode. Aims. For the 64 other GRBs localized during the period July 2007 to October 2009 in the field of view of the AGILE Gamma-Ray Imaging Detector (GRID), but not detected by this instrument, we estimate the count and flux upper limits on the GRB high energy emission in the AGILE-GRID energy band (30 MeV-3 GeV). Methods. To calculate the count upper limits, we adopted a Bayesian approach. The flux upper limits are derived using several assumptions on the high-energy spectral behavior. For 28 GRBs with available prompt spectral information, a flux upper limit and the comparison with the expected flux estimated from spectral extrapolation of the Band spectrum to the 30 MeV-3 GeV band are provided. Moreover, upper limits on the flux under the assumption of an extra power law component dominating the 30 MeV-3 GeV band are calculated for all GRBs and considering four different values for the spectral photon index. Finally, we performed a likelihood upper limit on the possible delayed emission up to 1 h after the GRB. Results. The estimated flux upper limits range between 1 x 10(-4) and similar to 2 x 10(-2) photons cm(-2) s(-1) and generally lie above the flux estimated from the extrapolation of the prompt emission in the 30 MeV-3 GeV band. A notable case is GRB 080721, where the AGILE-GRID upper limit suggests a steeper spectral index or the presence of a cut-off in the high energy part of the Band prompt spectrum. The four GRBs detected by AGILE-GRID show high-energy (30 MeV-3 GeV) to low-energy (1 keV-10 MeV) fluence ratios similar to those estimated in this paper for the 64 GRBs without GRID detection, favoring the possibility that AGILE-GRID detected only high-fluence, hard GRBs. From the flux upper limits derived in this work we put some constraint on high-energy radiation from the afterglow emission and from synchrotron self Compton emission in internal shocks.
Published: 2012

17. A novel experimental approach for the detection of the dynamical Casimir effect

Author: Giovanni Carugno, Caterina Braggio, G. Bressi, A. Lombardi, C. Del Noce, G. Galeazzi, D. Zanello, Giuseppe Ruoso, and A. Palmieri
Subjects: Physics, Vibration, Casimir effect, Quantum Physics, Classical mechanics, Vacuum energy, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract: The Casimir effect is a well-known macroscopic consequence of quantum vacuum fluctuations, but whereas the static effect (Casimir force) has long been observed experimentally, the dynamic Casimir effect is up to now undetected. From an experimental viewpoint a possible detection would imply the vibration of a mirror at gigahertz frequencies. Mechanical motions at such frequencies turn out to be technically unfeasible. Here we present a different experimental scheme where mechanical motions are avoided, and the results of laboratory tests showing that the scheme is practically feasible. We think that at present this approach gives the only possibility of detecting this phenomenon., Comment: Submitted to the Physical Review Letters. RevTeX. 4 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2005

18. Galactic Sources Science With Agile: The Case Of The Carina Region

Author: E. Moretti, Claudio Labanti, Marco Tavani, G. Barbiellini, V. Cocco, A. Pellizzoni, M. Trifoglio, F. Longo, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, G. Di Cocco, C. Pittori, I. Lapshov, Ennio Morelli, Sandro Mereghetti, T. Froysland, Geiland Porrovecchio, A. Giuliani, Elena Pian, F. Perotti, D. Zanello, Alessio Trois, S. Colafrancesco, Martino Marisaldi, Michael F. Corcoran, I. Donnarumma, G. De Paris, Y. Evangelista, A. Argan, P. Picozza, Fulvio Gianotti, L. Salotti, F. Boffelli, A. Zambra, Francesco Lazzarotto, Andrea Bulgarelli, A. Rappoldi, M. Fiorini, Enrico Costa, Massimo Rapisarda, A. W. Chen, P. Giommi, E. Del Monte, G. Pucella, P. A. Caraveo, E. Vallazza, M. Prest, M. Galli, F. Verrecchia, F. Fuschino, Roberto Viotti, Filippo D'Ammando, Paolo Lipari, Paolo Soffitta, S. Vercellone, P. Santolamazza, Alda Rubini, P. W. Cattaneo, M. Mastropietro, V. Vittorini, Arnaud Ferrari, S. Sabatini, A. Morselli, M. Pilia, L. A. Antonelli, G. Piano, S., Sabatini, M., Tavani, E., Pian, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, R., Viotti, M. F., Corcoran, A., Giuliani, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, S., Vercellone, S., Mereghetti, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, P. W., Cattaneo, A. W., Chen, V., Cocco, F., D'Ammando, E., Costa, Paris, G., Monte, E., Cocco, G., I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, A., Ferrari, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, E., Morelli, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, G., Porrovecchio, G., Pucella, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, P., Santolamazza, P., Giommi, S., Colafrancesco, L. A., Antonelli, L., Salotti, Sabatini S, Tavani M, Pian E, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Viotti R, Corcoran MF, Giuliani A, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Vercellone S, Mereghetti S, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, Cocco V, DAmmando F, Costa E, De Paris G, Del Monte E, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Ferrari A, Feroci M, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pilia M, Porrovecchio G, Pucella G, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Santolamazza P, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Antonelli LA, and Salotti L
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, colliding wind binary, FOS: Physical sciences, Carina, Astrophysics, galactic gamma ray sky, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, AGILE, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Gamma rays: observations, Individual stars (Eta Carinae), Stars: winds, Outflows, X-rays: bynaries, Surface brightness, Instrumentation, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Colliding-wind binary, Physics, Nebula, Star formation, Molecular cloud, Gamma ray, Astronomy, Galactic sources, Galactic plane, Star cluster, Galactic source, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: During its first 2 years of operation, the gamma-ray AGILE satellite accumulated an extensive dataset for the Galactic plane. The data have been monitored for transient sources and several gamma-ray sources were detected. Their variability and possible association were studied. In this talk we will focus on the results of extensive observations of the Carina Region during the time period 2007 July - 2009 January, for a total livetime of ~130 days. The region is extremely complex, hosting massive star formation, with the remarkable colliding wind binary Eta Carinae, massive star clusters and HII regions (e.g. NGC 3324, RCW49, Westerlund II) and a giant molecular cloud extending over 150 pc (between l=284.7 and l=289). The Carina Nebula itself is the largest and IR highest surface brightness nebula of the Southern emisphere. We monitored several gamma ray sources in the Carina Region. In particular we detect a gamma ray source (1AGL J1043-5931) consistent with the position of Eta Carinae and report a remarkable 2-days gamma-ray flaring episode from this source on 2008 Oct 11-13. If 1AGL J1043-5931 is associated with the Eta Car system, our data provides the long sought first detection above 100 MeV of a colliding wind binary., 5 pages, 5 figures, proceedings of RICAP 2009
Published: 2012

19. On-ground calibration of AGILE-GRID with a photon beam: results and lessons for the future

Author: Maura Pilia, Alda Rubini, Alessio Trois, D. Zanello, C. Pittori, L. Salotti, A. Pellizzoni, G. De Paris, A. Giuliani, Fulvio Gianotti, Elena Moretti, Massimo Rapisarda, F. Perotti, E. Del Monte, P. Picozza, M. Trifoglio, Marco Tavani, Paolo Lipari, V. Vittorini, A. Rappoldi, G. Pucella, E. Striani, Sandro Mereghetti, Lina Quintieri, Francesco Lazzarotto, E. Vallazza, I. Lapshov, Ennio Morelli, G. Mazzitelli, P. A. Caraveo, P. W. Cattaneo, M. Giusti, F. Fuschino, A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, S. Colafrancesco, Martino Marisaldi, Enrico Costa, G. Barbiellini, L. Foggetta, M. Prest, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, A. W. Chen, P. Giommi, M. Fiorini, Bruno Buonomo, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, Arnaud Ferrari, M. Galli, F. Longo, S. Sabatini, F. Verrecchia, G. Piano, P. Valente, Filippo D'Ammando, Paolo Soffitta, A. Morselli, Fabrizio Lucarelli, Claudio Labanti, S. Vercellone, G. Di Cocco, P. Santolamazza, Tadayuki Takahashi, Stephen S. Murray, Jan-Willem A. den Herder, P. W., Cattaneo, A., Rappoldi, A., Argan, B., Buonomo, A., Bulgarelli, A. W., Chen, F., D'Ammando, L., Foggetta, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, A., Giuliani, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, G., Mazzitelli, A., Pellizzoni, M., Prest, G., Pucella, L., Quintieri, M., Tavani, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, P., Valente, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, G., Barbiellini, P., Caraveo, E., Costa, Paris, G., Monte, E., Cocco, G., I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, A., Ferrari, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, M., Giusti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, F., Lucarelli, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, M., Rapisarda, A., Rubini, S., Sabatini, P., Soffitta, E., Striani, V., Vittorini, D., Zanello, S., Colafrancesco, P., Giommi, C., Pittori, P., Santolamazza, F., Verrecchia, and L., Salotti
Subjects: Physics, Photon, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, agile, Bremsstrahlung, tagged photon beam, Scintillator, Calibrations, silicon tracker, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Optics, Beamline, Dipole magnet, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract: At the core of the AGILE scientific instrument, designed to operate on a satellite, there is the Gamma Ray Imaging Detector (GRID) consisting of a Silicon Tracker (ST), a Cesium Iodide Mini-Calorimeter and an Anti-Coincidence system of plastic scintillator bars. The ST needs an on-ground calibration with a γ-ray beam to validate the simulation used to calculate the energy response function and the effective area versus the energy and the direction of the γ rays. A tagged γ-ray beam line was designed at the Beam Test Facility (BTF) of the INFN Laboratori Nazionali of Frascati (LNF), based on an electron beam generating γ rays through bremsstrahlung in a position-sensitive target. The γ-ray energy is deduced by the difference with the post-bremsstrahlung electron energy 1-.2 The electron energy is measured by a spectrometer consisting of a dipole magnet and an array of position sensitive silicon strip detectors, the Photon Tagging System (PTS). The use of the combined BTF-PTS system as tagged photon beam requires understanding the efficiency of γ-ray tagging, the probability of fake tagging, the energy resolution and the relation of the PTS hit position versus the γ-ray energy. This paper describes this study comparing data taken during the AGILE calibration occurred in 2005 with simulation.
Published: 2012

20. Characterization of a tagged gamma-ray beam line at the DAPhNE Beam Test Facility

Author: P. W. Cattaneo, A. Argan, F. Boffelli, A. Bulgarelli, B. Buonomo, A. W. Chen, F. D'Ammando, L. Foggetta, T. Froysland, F. Fuschino, M. Galli, F. Gianotti, A. Giuliani, M. Marisaldi, G. Mazzitelli, A. Pellizzoni, M. Prest, G. Pucella, L. Quintieri, A. Rappoldi, M. Tavani, M. Trifoglio, A. Trois, P. Valente, E. Vallazza, S. Vercellone, A. Zambra, G. Barbiellini, P. Caraveo, V. Cocco, E. Costa, G. . Paris, E. . Monte, G. . Cocco, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, M. Feroci, A. Ferrari, M. Fiorini, C. Labanti, I. Lapshov, F. Lazzarotto, P. Lipari, M. Mastropietro, S. Mereghetti, E. Morelli, E. Moretti, A. Morselli, L. Pacciani, F. Perotti, G. Piano, P. Picozza, M. Pilia, G. Porrovecchio, M. Rapisarda, A. Rubini, S. Sabatini, P. Soffitta, E. Striani, V. Vittorini, D. Zanello, S. Colafrancesco, P. Giommi, C. Pittori, P. Santolamazza, F. Verrecchia, L. Salotti, LONGO, FRANCESCO, P. W., Cattaneo, A., Argan, F., Boffelli, A., Bulgarelli, B., Buonomo, A. W., Chen, F., D'Ammando, L., Foggetta, T., Froysland, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, A., Giuliani, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, G., Mazzitelli, A., Pellizzoni, M., Prest, G., Pucella, L., Quintieri, A., Rappoldi, M., Tavani, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, P., Valente, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, A., Zambra, G., Barbiellini, P., Caraveo, V., Cocco, E., Costa, Paris, G., Monte, E., Cocco, G., I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, M., Mastropietro, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, G., Porrovecchio, M., Rapisarda, A., Rubini, S., Sabatini, P., Soffitta, E., Striani, V., Vittorini, D., Zanello, S., Colafrancesco, P., Giommi, C., Pittori, P., Santolamazza, F., Verrecchia, and L., Salotti
Subjects: MonteCarlo Simulations, Gamma-ray Satellites, Calibrations, Gamma-ray Satellites, Calibrations, MonteCarlo Simulations
Published: 2012

21. AGILE detection of Cygnus X-3 {\gamma}-ray active states during the period mid-2009/mid-2010

Author: E. Moretti, Maura Pilia, Guy G. Pooley, V. Vittorini, G. De Paris, G. Di Cocco, M. Trifoglio, Alessio Trois, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, L. Salotti, F. Perotti, Francesco Lazzarotto, Francesco Longo, C. Pittori, A. Zambra, Paolo Soffitta, A. Morselli, A. Giuliani, Danny Steeghs, A. Pellizzoni, Y. Evangelista, I. Donnarumma, V. Cocco, Marco Tavani, D. Zanello, T. Contessi, M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, S. Vercellone, E. Striani, Fulvio Gianotti, G. Piano, Michael L. McCollough, S. Sabatini, Sergio Colafrancesco, F. Verrecchia, P. Santolamazza, I. Lapshov, Alda Rubini, N. A. Nizhelskij, E. Del Monte, Sandro Mereghetti, Paolo Giommi, P. W. Cattaneo, N. Lavonen, A. W. Chen, Anne Lähteenmäki, Alessio Aboudan, Massimo Rapisarda, S. A. Trushkin, Guido Barbiellini, Joni Tammi, M. Prest, D. Hannikainen, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, C. Labanti, Filippo D'Ammando, A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, Martino Marisaldi, Enrico Costa, M. Giusti, Karri I. I. Koljonen, Ennio Morelli, Massimiliano Fiorini, P. A. Caraveo, G. Pucella, Paolo Lipari, F. Lucarelli, F. Fuschino, Riccardo Campana, A., Bulgarelli, M., Tavani, A. W., Chen, Y., Evangelista, M., Trifoglio, F., Gianotti, G., Piano, S., Sabatini, E., Striani, G., Pooley, S., Trushkin, N. A., Nizhelskij, M., Mccollough, K. I., I., D., Hannikainen, A., L\ahteenm\aki, J., Tammi, N., Lavonen, D., Steegh, A., Aboudan, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, R., Campana, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, T., Contessi, E., Costa, F., D'Ammando, Monte, E., Paris, G., Cocco, G., I., Donnarumma, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, A., Giuliani, M., Giusti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, M., Prest, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, P., Soffitta, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, P., Giommi, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, P., Santolamazza, F., Lucarelli, S., Colafrancesco, L., Salotti, Bulgarelli A, Tavani M, Chen AW, Evangelista Y, Trifoglio M, Gianotti F, Piano G, Sabatini S, Striani E, Pooley G, Trushkin S, Nizhelskij NA, McCollough M, Koljonen KII, Hannikainen D, Lahteenmaki A, Tammi J, Lavonen N, Steeghs D, Aboudan A, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Campana R, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Contessi T, Costa E, DAmmando F, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Feroci M, Fiorini M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Giuliani A, Giusti M, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Pilia M, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Soffitta P, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Giommi P, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Santolamazza P, Lucarelli F, Colafrancesco S, Salotti L, Anne Lähteenmäki Group, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: gamma-rays: stars, education, Flux, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, gamma-rays: stars – stars: individual: Cygnus X-3, stars [gamma-rays], Acceleration, Astrophysical jet, 0103 physical sciences, MAGIC (telescope), microquasar, Cygnus X-3, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QB, stars: individual: Cygnus X-3, Physics, star [gamma-rays], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, AGILE satellite, gamma rays, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Particle acceleration, Wavelength, Space and Planetary Science, individual: Cygnus X-3 [stars], Production (computer science), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Cygnus X-3 (Cyg X-3) is a well-known microquasar producing variable emission at all wavelengths. Cyg X-3 is a prominent X-ray binary producing relativistic jets, and studying its high energy emission is crucial for the understanding of the fundamental acceleration processes in accreting compact objects. Aims. Our goal is to study extreme particle acceleration and {\gamma}-ray production above 100 MeV during special spectral states of Cyg X- 3 usually characterized by a low hard X-ray flux and enhanced soft X-ray states. We observed Cyg X-3 with the AGILE satellite in extended time intervals from 2009 Jun.-Jul., and 2009 Nov.-2010 Jul. We report here the results of the AGILE {\gamma}-ray monitoring of Cyg X-3 as well as the results from extensive multiwavelength campaigns involving radio (RATAN-600, AMI-LA and Mets\"{a}hovi Radio Observatories) and X-ray monitoring data (XTE and Swift). We detect a series of repeated {\gamma}-ray flaring activity from Cyg X-3 that correlate with the soft X-ray states and episodes of decreasing or non-detectable hard X-ray emission. Furthermore, we detect {\gamma}-ray enhanced emission that tends to be associated with radio flares greater than 1 Jy at 15 GHz, confirming a trend already detected in previous observations. The source remained active above 100 MeV for an extended period of time (almost 1.5 months in 2009 Jun.-Jul. and 1 month in 2010 May). We study in detail the short timescale {\gamma}-ray flares that occurred before or near the radio peaks. Our results confirm the transient nature of the extreme particle acceleration from the microquasar Cyg X-3. A series of repeated {\gamma}-ray flares shows correlations with radio and X-ray emission confirming a well established trend of emission. We compare our results with Fermi-LAT and MAGIC TeV observations of Cyg X-3., Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, 7 tables; A&A (2011)
Published: 2011

22. The flaring blazars of the first 1.5 years of the AGILE mission

Author: E. Moretti, A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, Geiland Porrovecchio, Enrico Costa, A. W. Chen, P. Giommi, E. Vallazza, F. Longo, G. De Paris, G. Barbiellini, P. Santolamazza, P. Picozza, D. Zanello, Arnaud Ferrari, F. Perotti, M. Galli, Ennio Morelli, Alda Rubini, P. W. Cattaneo, A. Morselli, F. Verrecchia, S. Sabatini, F. Fuschino, Filippo D'Ammando, Paolo Soffitta, Massimo Rapisarda, Francesco Lazzarotto, M. Pilia, Paolo Lipari, S. Vercellone, I. Lapshov, M. Mastropietro, V. Vittorini, L. A. Antonelli, G. Piano, M. Prest, C. Pittori, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, T. Froysland, G. Di Cocco, Marco Feroci, E. Del Monte, Luigi Pacciani, Marco Tavani, A. Zambra, Alessio Trois, A. Pellizzoni, P. A. Caraveo, Sandro Mereghetti, M. Fiorini, Fulvio Gianotti, A. Giuliani, S. Colafrancesco, Martino Marisaldi, Claudio Labanti, M. Trifoglio, F. Boffelli, V. Cocco, L. Salotti, A. Rappoldi, G. Pucella, L., Pacciani, A., Bulgarelli, A. W., Chen, F., D'Ammando, I., Donnarumma, A., Giuliani, Longo, Francesco, G., Pucella, M., Tavani, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, E., Costa, Paris, G., Monte, E., Cocco, G., Y., Evangelista, A., Ferrari, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, G., Porrovecchio, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, S., Sabatini, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, L. A., Antonelli, S., Colafrancesco, P., Giommi, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, P., Santolamazza, L., Salotti, Pacciani L, Bulgarelli A, Chen AW, DAmmando F, Donnarumma I, Giuliani A, Longo F, Pucella G, Tavani M, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Costa E, De Paris G, Del Monte E, Di Cocco G, Evangelista Y, Ferrari A, Feroci M, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pilia M, Porrovecchio G, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Zambra A, Zanello D, Antonelli LA, Colafrancesco S, Giommi P, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Santolamazza P, and Salotti L
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Active galactic nucleus, Galaxies: active, Galaxies: quasars: general, Galaxies: jets, Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, blazar, law.invention, AGILE, Telescope, law, Egret, gamma-ray, Blazar, Instrumentation, Large fov, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), biology, Astronomy, Quasar, Active Galactic Nuclei, biology.organism_classification, multiwavelength campaign, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, BL Lac object
Abstract: We report the AGILE γ -ray observations and the results of the multiwavelength campaigns on seven flaring blazars detected by the mission: During two multiwavelength campaigns, we observed γ -ray activity from two Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars of the Virgo region, e.g. 3C 279 and 3C 273 (the latter being the first extragalactic source simultaneously observed with the γ -ray telescope and the hard X ray imager of the mission). Due to the large FOV of the AGILE/GRID instrument, we achieved an almost continuous coverage of the FSRQ 3C 454.3. The source showed flux above 10 −6 photons/cm 2 /s ( E > 100 MeV ) and showed day by day variability during all the AGILE observing periods. In the EGRET era, the source was found in high γ -ray activity only once. An other blazar, PKS 1510-089 was frequently found in high γ -ray activity. S5 0716+71, an intermediate BL Lac object, exhibited a very high γ -ray activity and fast γ -ray variability during a period of intense optical activity. We observed high γ -ray activity from W Comae, a BL Lac object, and Mrk 421, a high energy peaked BL Lac object. For this source, a multiwavelength campaign from optical to TeV has been performed.
Published: 2011

23. Calibration and monitoring of the MEG experiment by a proton beam from a Cockcroft-Walton accelerator

Author: J. Adam, X. Bai, A. Baldini, E. Baracchini, A. Barchiesi, C. Bemporad, G. Boca, P. W. Cattaneo, G. Cavoto, G. Cecchet, F. Cei, C. Cerri, A. De Bari, M. De Gerone, T. Doke, S. Dussoni, J. Egger, L. Galli, G. Gallucci, F. Gatti, B. Golden, M. Grassi, D. N. Grigoriev, T. Haruyama, M. Hildebrandt, Y. Hisamatsu, F. Ignatov, T. Iwamoto, D. Kaneko, P. R. Kettle, B. I. Khazin, O. Kiselev, A. Korenchenko, N. Kravchuk, A. Maki, S. Mihara, W. Molzon, T. Mori, D. Mzavia, H. Natori, R. Nardò, D. Nicolò, H. Nishiguchi, Y. Nishimura, W. Ootani, A. Papa, R. Pazzi, G. Piredda, A. Popov, F. Renga, S. Ritt, M. Rossella, R. Sawada, M. Schneebeli, F. Sergiampietri, G. Signorelli, S. Suzuki, C. Topchyan, V. Tumakov, Y. Uchiyama, R. Valle, C. Voena, F. Xiao, S. Yamada, A. Yamamoto, S. Yamashita, Y.u. V. Yudin, D. Zanello, PANAREO, Marco, J., Adam, X., Bai, A., Baldini, E., Baracchini, A., Barchiesi, C., Bemporad, G., Boca, P. W., Cattaneo, G., Cavoto, G., Cecchet, F., Cei, C., Cerri, A., De Bari, M., De Gerone, T., Doke, S., Dussoni, J., Egger, L., Galli, G., Gallucci, F., Gatti, B., Golden, M., Grassi, D. N., Grigoriev, T., Haruyama, M., Hildebrandt, Y., Hisamatsu, F., Ignatov, T., Iwamoto, D., Kaneko, P. R., Kettle, B. I., Khazin, O., Kiselev, A., Korenchenko, N., Kravchuk, A., Maki, S., Mihara, W., Molzon, T., Mori, D., Mzavia, H., Natori, R., Nardò, D., Nicolò, H., Nishiguchi, Y., Nishimura, W., Ootani, Panareo, Marco, A., Papa, R., Pazzi, G., Piredda, A., Popov, F., Renga, S., Ritt, M., Rossella, R., Sawada, M., Schneebeli, F., Sergiampietri, G., Signorelli, S., Suzuki, C., Topchyan, V., Tumakov, Y., Uchiyama, R., Valle, C., Voena, F., Xiao, S., Yamada, A., Yamamoto, S., Yamashita, Yudin, Y. u. V., and D., Zanello
Subjects: Calibration, Beam monitoring, γ-rays, Cockcroft–Walton accelerator
Abstract: The MEG experiment at PSI searches for the decay μ→eγ at a level of ≈10^−13 on the branching ratio BR(μ→eγ/μ→tot), well beyond the present experimental limit (BR≤1.2×10^−11) and is sensitive to the predictions of SUSY-GUT theories. To reach this goal the experiment uses one of the most intense continuous surface muon beams available (≈10^8μ/s) and relies on advanced technology (LXe calorimetry, a gradient-field superconducting spectrometer as well as flexible and powerful trigger and acquisition systems). In order to maintain the highest possible energy, time and spatial resolutions for such detector, frequent calibration and monitoring, using a Cockcroft–Walton proton accelerator, are required. The proton beam is brought to the centre of MEG by a special bellows insertion system and travels in a direction opposite to the one of the normal μ-beam. Protons interact with a lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7) nuclear target and produce one γ (17.6 MeV) from the reaction 3-7 Li(p, γ)8-4 or two coincident γs (11.67 and 4.4 MeV) from the reaction 11-5 B(p, γ)12-6 C*. The 17.6 MeV γ is used for calibrating and monitoring the LXe calorimeter (σEγ/Eγ=3.85±0.15% at 17.6 MeV) while the coincident 11.67 and 4.4 MeV γs are used to measure the relative timing of the calorimeter and the spectrometer timing counters (σ_delta_t=0.450±0.015ns).
Published: 2011

24. New Limit on the Lepton-Flavor-Violating Decay μ→eγ

Author: J. Adam, X. Bai, A. M. Baldini, E. Baracchini, C. Bemporad, G. Boca, P. W. Cattaneo, G. Cavoto, F. Cei, C. Cerri, A. de Bari, M. De Gerone, T. Doke, S. Dussoni, J. Egger, K. Fratini, Y. Fujii, L. Galli, G. Gallucci, F. Gatti, B. Golden, M. Grassi, D. N. Grigoriev, T. Haruyama, M. Hildebrandt, Y. Hisamatsu, F. Ignatov, T. Iwamoto, P. R. Kettle, B. I. Khazin, O. Kiselev, A. Korenchenko, N. Kravchuk, A. Maki, S. Mihara, W. Molzon, T. Mori, D. Mzavia, H. Natori, D. Nicolò, H. Nishiguchi, Y. Nishimura, W. Ootani, A. Papa, R. Pazzi, G. Piredda, A. Popov, F. Renga, S. Ritt, M. Rossella, R. Sawada, F. Sergiampietri, G. Signorelli, S. Suzuki, F. Tenchini, C. Topchyan, Y. Uchiyama, R. Valle, C. Voena, F. Xiao, S. Yamada, A. Yamamoto, S. Yamashita, Y.u. V. Yudin, D. Zanello, PANAREO, Marco, J., Adam, X., Bai, A. M., Baldini, E., Baracchini, C., Bemporad, G., Boca, P. W., Cattaneo, G., Cavoto, F., Cei, C., Cerri, A., de Bari, M., De Gerone, T., Doke, S., Dussoni, J., Egger, K., Fratini, Y., Fujii, L., Galli, G., Gallucci, F., Gatti, B., Golden, M., Grassi, D. N., Grigoriev, T., Haruyama, M., Hildebrandt, Y., Hisamatsu, F., Ignatov, T., Iwamoto, P. R., Kettle, B. I., Khazin, O., Kiselev, A., Korenchenko, N., Kravchuk, A., Maki, S., Mihara, W., Molzon, T., Mori, D., Mzavia, H., Natori, D., Nicolò, H., Nishiguchi, Y., Nishimura, W., Ootani, Panareo, Marco, A., Papa, R., Pazzi, G., Piredda, A., Popov, F., Renga, S., Ritt, M., Rossella, R., Sawada, F., Sergiampietri, G., Signorelli, S., Suzuki, F., Tenchini, C., Topchyan, Y., Uchiyama, R., Valle, C., Voena, F., Xiao, S., Yamada, A., Yamamoto, S., Yamashita, Yudin, Y. u. V., and D., Zanello
Subjects: lepton-flavor-violating decay
Abstract: We present a new result based on an analysis of the data collected by the MEG detector at the Paul Scherrer Institut in 2009 and 2010, in search of the lepton-flavor-violating decay μ→eγ. The likelihood analysis of the combined data sample, which corresponds to a total of 1.8×10^14 muon decays, gives a 90% C.L. upper limit of 2.4×10^-12 on the branching ratio of the μ→eγ decay, constituting the most stringent limit on the existence of this decay to date.
Published: 2011

25. AGILE detection of extreme \gamma-ray activity from the blazar PKS 1510-089 during March 2009. Multifrequency analysis

Author: A. Di Paola, Mark Gurwell, L. Fuhrmann, Jochen Heidt, C. Pittori, T. Froysland, G. De Paris, M. Pasanen, Elena Pian, Tatiana S. Konstantinova, A. Rubini, Sofia O. Kurtanidze, I. M. McHardy, F. Fuschino, L. Pacciani, Sandro Mereghetti, D. A. Morozova, A. A. Arkharov, Uwe Bach, Corrado Trigilio, I. Donnarumma, P. Lipari, A. Zambra, Geiland Porrovecchio, I. Agudo, M. F. Aller, M. Feroci, Merja Tornikoski, G. Piano, Y. Evangelista, Claudio Labanti, G. Umana, Filippo D'Ammando, Carla Buemi, H. A. Krimm, S. Colafrancesco, M. Fiorini, F. Perotti, Stefano Covino, Fulvio Gianotti, E. Del Monte, G. Pucella, A. Rappoldi, Andrei Berdyugin, D. Zanello, Svetlana G. Jorstad, P. Caraveo, B. McBreen, I. S. Troitsky, Paolo Leto, A. Argan, E. Forné, F. Boffelli, Talvikki Hovatta, Erika Benítez, A. Sillanpää, P. Picozza, Arnaud Ferrari, L. Salotti, V. Vittorini, Kari Nilsson, A. Morselli, E. Striani, L. A. Antonelli, Andrea Bulgarelli, Wen Ping Chen, B. Jordan, P. Santolamazza, G. Di Cocco, Givi N. Kimeridze, M. Rapisarda, Massimo Frutti, S. Sabatini, I. Lapshov, F. Lazzarotto, A. Pellizzoni, E. Costa, Martino Marisaldi, M. Tavani, E. Vallazza, C. M. Raiteri, A. Trois, M. Pilia, H. Y. Hsiao, Omar M. Kurtanidze, Valeri M. Larionov, M. Prest, M. Roca-Sogorb, A. W. Chen, P. W. Cattaneo, P. Soffitta, Hugh D. Aller, V. Cocco, A. Giuliani, M. Orienti, M. Villata, Mauro Dolci, M. Trifoglio, Elina Lindfors, J. L. Gomez, P. Romano, Alan P. Marscher, P. Giommi, Anne Lähteenmäki, David Hiriart, G. Barbiellini, Ekaterina Koptelova, G. Giovannini, F. Longo, S. Vercellone, L. O. Takalo, E. N. Kopatskaya, M. Galli, F. Verrecchia, D. Blinov, F., D'Ammando, C. M., Raiteri, M., Villata, P., Romano, G., Pucella, H. A., Krimm, S., Covino, M., Orienti, G., Giovannini, S., Vercellone, E., Pian, I., Donnarumma, V., Vittorini, M., Tavani, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, A. W., Chen, V., Cocco, E., Costa, Monte, E., Paris, G., Cocco, G., Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, M., Frutti, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, A., Giuliani, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, G., Porrovecchio, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, S., Sabatini, P., Soffitta, E., Striani, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, I., Agudo, H. D., Aller, M. F., Aller, A. A., Arkharov, U., Bach, E., Benitez, A., Berdyugin, D. A., Blinov, C. S., Buemi, W. P., Chen, Paola, A., M., Dolci, E., Forne, L., Fuhrmann, J. L., Gomez, M. A., Gurwell, B., Jordan, S. G., Jorstad, J., Heidt, D., Hiriart, T., Hovatta, H. Y., Hsiao, G., Kimeridze, T. S., Konstantinova, E. N., Kopatskaya, E., Koptelova, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Kurtanidze, V. M., Larionov, A., L\ahteenm\aki, P., Leto, E., Lindfor, A. P., Marscher, B., Mcbreen, I. M., Mchardy, D. A., Morozova, K., Nilsson, M., Pasanen, M., Roca Sogorb, A., Sillanp\a\a, L. O., Takalo, M., Tornikoski, C., Trigilio, I. S., Troitsky, G., Umana, L. A., Antonelli, S., Colafrancesco, C., Pittori, P., Santolamazza, F., Verrecchia, P., Giommi, L., Salotti, Anne Lähteenmäki Group, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, education, galaxies: active, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, law.invention, law, quasars: general, 0103 physical sciences, individual: PKS 1510-089 [quasars], Electronic band structure, Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, general [quasars], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gamma rays: general, quasars: individual: PKS 1510-089, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], Synchrotron, Space and Planetary Science, active [galaxies], Peak level, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, general [gamma rays], Flare
Abstract: We report on the extreme gamma-ray activity from the FSRQ PKS 1510-089 observed by AGILE in March 2009. In the same period a radio-to-optical monitoring of the source was provided by the GASP-WEBT and REM. Moreover, several Swift ToO observations were triggered, adding important information on the source behaviour from optical/UV to hard X-rays. We paid particular attention to the calibration of the Swift/UVOT data to make it suitable to the blazars spectra. Simultaneous observations from radio to gamma rays allowed us to study in detail the correlation among the emission variability at different frequencies and to investigate the mechanisms at work. In the period 9-30 March 2009, AGILE detected an average gamma-ray flux of (311+/-21)x10^-8 ph cm^-2 s^-1 for E>100 MeV, and a peak level of (702+/-131)x10^-8 ph cm^-2 s^-1 on daily integration. The gamma-ray activity occurred during a period of increasing activity from near-IR to UV, with a flaring episode detected on 26-27 March 2009, suggesting that a single mechanism is responsible for the flux enhancement observed from near-IR to UV. By contrast, Swift/XRT observations seem to show no clear correlation of the X-ray fluxes with the optical and gamma-ray ones. However, the X-ray observations show a harder photon index (1.3-1.6) with respect to most FSRQs and a hint of harder-when-brighter behaviour, indicating the possible presence of a second emission component at soft X-ray energies. Moreover, the broad band spectrum from radio-to-UV confirmed the evidence of thermal features in the optical/UV spectrum of PKS 1510-089 also during high gamma-ray state. On the other hand, during 25-26 March 2009 a flat spectrum in the optical/UV energy band was observed, suggesting an important contribution of the synchrotron emission in this part of the spectrum during the brightest gamma-ray flare, therefore a significant shift of the synchrotron peak., 13 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2011

26. Study of the γ-ray source 1AGL J2022+4032 in the Cygnus region

Author: F. Longo, Elsa Beatriz Giacani, G. Piano, Arnaud Ferrari, A. Zambra, F. D'Ammando, C. Pittori, M. Feroci, M. Fiorini, P. Picozza, M. Rapisarda, G. De Paris, Gloria Mabel Dubner, A. Pellizzoni, E. Costa, E. Del Monte, G. Pucella, V. Vittorini, F. Perotti, A. Trois, M. Trifoglio, A. Morselli, M. Tavani, E. Vallazza, F. Gianotti, P. A. Caraveo, A. Argan, M. Pilia, A. Giuliani, Francesco Lucarelli, P. Soffitta, Andrea Bulgarelli, F. Lazzarotto, F. Fuschino, S. Vercellone, P. Lipari, P. Santolamazza, A. Rappoldi, E. Scalise, E. Striani, M. Giusti, L. Pacciani, P. W. Cattaneo, A. W. Chen, L. A. Antonelli, M. Galli, F. Verrecchia, M. Prest, S. Sabatini, P. Giommi, E. Moretti, Claudio Labanti, L. Salotti, D. Zanello, G. Di Cocco, Sandro Mereghetti, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, S. Colafrancesco, Martino Marisaldi, G. Barbiellini, A. W., Chen, G., Piano, M., Tavani, A., Troi, G., Dubner, E., Giacani, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, E., Costa, F., D'Ammando, Paris, G., Monte, E., Cocco, G., I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, A., Giuliani, M., Giusti, C., Labanti, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, M., Prest, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, S., Sabatini, E., Scalise, P., Soffitta, E., Striani, M., Trifoglio, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, P., Giommi, F., Verrecchia, F., Lucarelli, P., Santolamazza, S., Colafrancesco, L. A., Antonelli, L., Salotti, Chen AW, Piano G, Tavani M, Trois A, Dubner G, Giacani E, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Costa E, DAmmando F, De Paris G, Del Monte E, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Giuliani A, Giusti M, Labanti C, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Pilia M, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Sabatini S, Scalise E, Soffitta P, Striani E, Trifoglio M, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Giommi P, Verrecchia F, Lucarelli F, Santolamazza P, Colafrancesco S, Antonelli LA, and Salotti L
Subjects: pulsars: individual: 1FGL J2021.5+4026, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Ciencias Físicas, pulsars: individual: 1AGL J2022+4032, gamma rays: stars, pulsars: individual: LAT PSR J2021+4026, pulsars: individual: 3EG J2020+4017, individual: LAT PSR J2021+4026 [pulsars], Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, star [gamma rays], law.invention, Telescope, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Pulsar, law, Blazar, Supernova remnant, individual: 1FGL J2021.5+4026 [pulsars], Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, individual: 3EG J2020+4017 [pulsars], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], Light curve, stars [gamma rays], Astronomía, gamma ray, Space and Planetary Science, AGILE satellite, galactic source, supernova remnant Gamma Cygni, individual: 1AGL J2022+4032 [pulsars], pulsars: individual: 1AGL J2022+4032 / gamma rays: stars / pulsars: individual: 1FGL J2021.5+4026 / pulsars: individual: LAT PSR J2021+4026 / pulsars: individual: 3EG J2020+4017, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: Identification of gamma-ray-emitting Galactic sources is a long-standing problem in astrophysics. One such source, 1AGL J2022+4032, coincident with the interior of the radio shell of the supernova remnant Gamma Cygni (SNR G78.2+2.1) in the Cygnus Region, has recently been identified by Fermi as a gamma-ray pulsar, LAT PSR J2021+4026. We present long-term observations of 1AGL J2022+4032 with the AGILE gamma-ray telescope, measuring its flux and light curve. We compare the light curve of 1AGL J2022+4032 with that of 1AGL J2021+3652 (PSR J2021+3651), showing that the flux variability of 1AGL J2022+4032 appears to be greater than the level predicted from statistical and systematic effects and producing detailed simulations to estimate the probability of the apparent observed variability. We evaluate the possibility that the gamma-ray emission may be due to the superposition of two or more point sources, some of which may be variable, considering a number of possible counterparts. We consider the possibility of a nearby X-ray quiet microquasar contributing to the flux of 1AGL J2022+4032 to be more likely than the hypotheses of a background blazar or intrinsic gamma-ray variabilty of LAT PSR J2021+4026., 7 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2010

27. Direct Evidence for Hadronic Cosmic-Ray Acceleration in the Supernova Renmant IC 443

Author: C. Pittori, Marco Feroci, F. Fuschino, Luigi Pacciani, Paolo Soffitta, G. De Paris, A. Giuliani, E. Scalise, Filippo D'Ammando, V. Cocco, M. Mastropietro, E. Del Monte, V. Vittorini, Arnaud Ferrari, Paolo Lipari, M. Trifoglio, Y. Evangelista, S. Vercellone, F. Perotti, Francesco Lazzarotto, P. Santolamazza, A. Zambra, A. Pellizzoni, G. Di Cocco, E. Striani, I. Lapshov, Fulvio Gianotti, I. Donnarumma, Martino Marisaldi, L. Salotti, Elena Moretti, Alda Rubini, P. W. Cattaneo, A. Rappoldi, A. W. Chen, P. Picozza, P. Giommi, Massimo Rapisarda, G. Pucella, F. Longo, D. Zanello, A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, T. Contessi, Enrico Costa, Claudio Labanti, L. A. Antonelli, G. Piano, P. A. Caraveo, M. Galli, F. Verrecchia, Sandro Mereghetti, A. Morselli, S. Colafrancesco, M. Prest, Alessio Trois, M. Pilia, Marco Tavani, S. Sabatini, Ennio Morelli, G. Barbiellini, E. Vallazza, M., Tavani, A., Giuliani, A. W., Chen, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, T., Contessi, F., D'Ammando, E., Costa, G. D., Pari, E. D., Monte, G. D., Cocco, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, A., Ferrari, M., Feroci, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, G., Pucella, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, E., Scalise, A., Rubini, S., Sabatini, E., Striani, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, P., Santolamazza, P., Giommi, S., Colafrancesco, L. A., Antonelli, L., Salotti, Tavani M, Giuliani A, Chen AW, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Contessi T, DAmmando F, Costa E, De Paris G, Del Monte E, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Ferrari A, Feroci M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pilia M, Pucella G, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Scalise E, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Striani E, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Santolamazza P, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Antonelli LA, and Salotti L
Subjects: Agile, Photon, Supernova Remnants, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Electron, Astrophysics, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, gamma ray production, supernova, Supernova remnant, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Molecular cloud, AGILE satellite, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Supernova, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, cosmic rays – gamma rays: general – ISM: supernova remnants – supernovae: general – supernovae: individual (IC 443)
Abstract: The Supernova Remnant (SNR) IC 443 is an intermediate-age remnant well known for its radio, optical, X-ray and gamma-ray energy emissions. In this Letter we study the gamma-ray emission above 100 MeV from IC 443 as obtained by the AGILE satellite. A distinct pattern of diffuse emission in the energy range 100 MeV-3 GeV is detected across the SNR with its prominent maximum (source "A") localized in the Northeastern shell with a flux F = (47 \pm 10) 10^{-8} photons cm^{-2} s^{-1} above 100 MeV. This location is the site of the strongest shock interaction between the SNR blast wave and the dense circumstellar medium. Source "A" is not coincident with the TeV source located 0.4 degree away and associated with a dense molecular cloud complex in the SNR central region. From our observations, and from the lack of detectable diffuse TeV emission from its Northeastern rim, we demonstrate that electrons cannot be the main emitters of gamma-rays in the range 0.1-10 GeV at the site of the strongest SNR shock. The intensity, spectral characteristics, and location of the most prominent gamma-ray emission together with the absence of co-spatial detectable TeV emission are consistent only with a hadronic model of cosmic-ray acceleration in the SNR. A high-density molecular cloud (cloud "E") provides a remarkable "target" for nucleonic interactions of accelerated hadrons: our results show enhanced gamma-ray production near the molecular cloud/shocked shell interaction site. IC 443 provides the first unambiguous evidence of cosmic-ray acceleration by SNRs., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures; accepted by ApJLetters on Jan 21, 2010
Published: 2010
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28. A limit for the μ → e γ decay from the MEG experiment

Author: J. Adam, X. Bai, A. Baldini, E. Baracchini, A. Barchiesi, C. Bemporad, G. Boca, P. W. Cattaneo, G. Cavoto, G. Cecchet, F. Cei, C. Cerri, A. De Bari, M. De Gerone, T. Doke, S. Dussoni, J. Egger, L. Galli, G. Gallucci, F. Gatti, B. Golden, M. Grassi, D. N. Grigoriev, T. Haruyama, M. Hildebrandt, Y. Hisamatsu, F. Ignatov, T. Iwamoto, D. Kaneko, P. R. Kettle, B. I. Khazin, O. Kiselev, A. Korenchenko, N. Kravchuk, A. Maki, S. Mihara, W. Molzon, T. Mori, D. Mzavia, H. Natori, R. Nardò, D. Nicolò, H. Nishiguchi, Y. Nishimura, W. Ootani, A. Papa, R. Pazzi, G. Piredda, A. Popov, F. Renga, S. Ritt, M. Rossella, R. Sawada, M. Schneebeli, F. Sergiampietri, G. Signorelli, S. Suzuki, C. Topchyan, V. Tumakov, Y. Uchiyama, R. Valle, C. Voena, F. Xiao, S. Yamada, A. Yamamoto, S. Yamashita, Y.u. V. Yudin, D. Zanello, PANAREO, Marco, J., Adam, X., Bai, A., Baldini, E., Baracchini, A., Barchiesi, C., Bemporad, G., Boca, P. W., Cattaneo, G., Cavoto, G., Cecchet, F., Cei, C., Cerri, A., De Bari, M., De Gerone, T., Doke, S., Dussoni, J., Egger, L., Galli, G., Gallucci, F., Gatti, B., Golden, M., Grassi, D. N., Grigoriev, T., Haruyama, M., Hildebrandt, Y., Hisamatsu, F., Ignatov, T., Iwamoto, D., Kaneko, P. R., Kettle, B. I., Khazin, O., Kiselev, A., Korenchenko, N., Kravchuk, A., Maki, S., Mihara, W., Molzon, T., Mori, D., Mzavia, H., Natori, R., Nardò, D., Nicolò, H., Nishiguchi, Y., Nishimura, W., Ootani, Panareo, Marco, A., Papa, R., Pazzi, G., Piredda, A., Popov, F., Renga, S., Ritt, M., Rossella, R., Sawada, M., Schneebeli, F., Sergiampietri, G., Signorelli, S., Suzuki, C., Topchyan, V., Tumakov, Y., Uchiyama, R., Valle, C., Voena, F., Xiao, S., Yamada, A., Yamamoto, S., Yamashita, Yudin, Y. u. V., and D., Zanello
Subjects: Lepton flavour violation, Muon decay
Abstract: A search for the decay μ+→e+γ, performed at PSI and based on data from the initial three months of operation of the MEG experiment, yields an upper limit on the branching ratio of BR(μ+→e+γ)2.8×10^−11 (90% C.L.). This corresponds to the measurement of positrons and photons from ~10^14 stopped μ+ decays by means of a superconducting positron spectrometer and a 900 litre liquid xenon photon detector.
Published: 2010

29. AGILE OBSERVATIONS OF THE 'SOFT' GAMMA-RAY PULSAR PSR B1509-58

Author: A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, Enrico Costa, G. De Paris, F. Perotti, Patrick Weltevrede, Simon Johnston, A. Giuliani, A. Morselli, I. Donnarumma, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, G. Pucella, V. Cocco, Claudio Labanti, A. W. Chen, C. Pittori, T. Froysland, E. Del Monte, A. Pellizzoni, Francesco Lazzarotto, Massimiliano Fiorini, N. D'Amico, S. Sabatini, Y. Evangelista, Francesco Longo, Andrea Possenti, G. Di Cocco, Paolo Lipari, F. Lucarelli, Giovanni F. Bignami, Marco Feroci, L. Salotti, F. Fuschino, Luigi Pacciani, D. Zanello, A. Zambra, S. Vercellone, M. Burgay, V. Vittorini, Filippo D'Ammando, Paolo Soffitta, M. Trifoglio, Massimo Rapisarda, Guido Barbiellini, P. Santolamazza, Maura Pilia, Alessio Trois, Paolo Giommi, I. Lapshov, Paolo Esposito, Fulvio Gianotti, M. Prest, A. De Luca, P. A. Caraveo, M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, F. Verrecchia, G. Piano, Marco Tavani, Martino Marisaldi, Sandro Mereghetti, P. W. Cattaneo, Pilia M, Pellizzoni A, Trois A, Verrecchia F, Esposito P, Weltevrede P, Johnston S, Burgay M, Possenti A, Del Monte E, Fuschino F, Santolamazza P, Chen A, Giuliani A, Caraveo P, Mereghetti S, Tavani M, Argan A, Costa E, D'Amico N, De Luca A, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Barbiellini G, Bulgarelli A, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, DAmmando F, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Sabatini S, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Lucarelli F, Giommi P, Salotti L, Bignami GF, M., Pilia, A., Pellizzoni, A., Troi, F., Verrecchia, P., Esposito, P., Weltevrede, S., Johnston, M., Burgay, A., Possenti, E. D., Monte, F., Fuschino, P., Santolamazza, A., Chen, A., Giuliani, P., Caraveo, S., Mereghetti, M., Tavani, A., Argan, E., Costa, N., D'Amico, A. D., Luca, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, G., Barbiellini, A., Bulgarelli, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, F., D'Ammando, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, I., Donnarumma, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Prest, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, S., Sabatini, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, F., Lucarelli, P., Giommi, L., Salotti, and G. F., Bignami
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Agile, pulsar, gamma ray, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, AGILE satellite, Pulsar, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, gamma rays: stars – pulsars: general – pulsars: individual (PSR J1513–5908 (B1509–58)) – stars: neutron, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Light curve, Electromagnetic radiation, Spectral line, Neutron star, Pair production, Space and Planetary Science, Spectral energy distribution, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the results of new Agile observations of PSR B1509-58 performed over a period of 2.5 years following the detection obtained with a subset of the present data. The modulation significance of the lightcurve above 30 MeV is at a 5$\sigma$ confidence level and the lightcurve is similar to those found earlier by Comptel up to 30 MeV: a broad asymmetric first peak reaching its maximum 0.39 +/- 0.02 cycles after the radio peak plus a second peak at 0.94 +/- 0.03. The gamma-ray spectral energy distribution of the pulsed flux detected by Comptel and Agile is well described by a power-law (photon index alpha=1.87+/-0.09) with a remarkable cutoff at E_c=81 +/- 20 MeV, representing the softest spectrum observed among gamma-ray pulsars so far. The pulsar luminosity at E > 1 MeV is $L_{\gamma}=4.2^{+0.5}_{-0.2} \times10^{35}$ erg/s, assuming a distance of 5.2 kpc, which implies a spin-down conversion efficiency to gamma-rays of $\sim 0.03$. The unusual soft break in the spectrum of PSR B1509-58 has been interpreted in the framework of polar cap models as a signature of the exotic photon splitting process in the strong magnetic field of this pulsar. In this interpretation our spectrum constrains the magnetic altitude of the emission point(s) at 3 km above the neutron star surface, implying that the attenuation may not be as strong as formerly suggested because pair production can substitute photon splitting in regions of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field becomes too low to sustain photon splitting. In the case of an outer-gap scenario, or the two pole caustic model, better constraints on the geometry of the emission would be needed from the radio band in order to establish whether the conditions required by the models to reproduce Agile lightcurves and spectra match the polarization measurements., Comment: 17 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2010

30. AGILE detection of intense gamma-ray activity from the blazar PKS 0537-441 in October 2008

Author: Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, F. Boffelli, G. De Paris, E. Vallazza, Martino Marisaldi, Claudio Labanti, C. Pittori, T. Froysland, Domenico Impiombato, Ennio Morelli, A. Zambra, A. Morselli, F. Longo, A. Treves, Fulvio Gianotti, A. W. Chen, P. Caraveo, M. Fiorini, L. Salotti, G. Di Cocco, Francesco Lazzarotto, F. Perotti, E. Del Monte, G. Pucella, M. Perri, Filippo D'Ammando, G. Barbiellini, V. Vittorini, M. Prest, P. Santolamazza, M. Galli, G. Piano, F. Verrecchia, Marco Tavani, P. Giommi, P. W. Cattaneo, A. Argan, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, Andrea Bulgarelli, A. Pellizzoni, Sandro Mereghetti, Enrico Costa, Maura Pilia, Elena Pian, E. Striani, Alessio Trois, P. Picozza, I. Lapshov, S. Colafrancesco, M. Trifoglio, S. Sabatini, A. Giuliani, D. Zanello, Hans A. Krimm, Massimo Rapisarda, L. A. Antonelli, V. Cocco, A. Rappoldi, Paolo Lipari, F. Fuschino, D. Fugazza, Paolo Soffitta, P. Romano, S. Vercellone, Pucella G, DAmmando F, Romano P, Treves A, Pian E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Piano G, Impiombato D, Fugazza D, Verrecchia F, Krimm HA, Donnarumma I, Tavani M, Bulgarelli A, Chen AW, Giuliani A, Longo F, Pacciani L, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Costa E, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Morselli A, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Pilia M, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Sabatini S, Soffitta P, Striani E, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Zambra A, Zanello D, Perri M, Pittori C, Santolamazza P, Giommi P, Antonelli LA, Colafrancesco S, Salotti L, G., Pucella, F., D'Ammando, P., Romano, A., Treve, E., Pian, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, G., Piano, D., Impiombato, D., Fugazza, F., Verrecchia, H. A., Krimm, I., Donnarumma, M., Tavani, A., Bulgarelli, A. W., Chen, A., Giuliani, Longo, Francesco, L., Pacciani, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, E., Costa, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, A., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, S., Sabatini, P., Soffitta, E., Striani, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, M., Perri, C., Pittori, P., Santolamazza, P., Giommi, L. A., Antonelli, S., Colafrancesco, and L., Salotti
Subjects: Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission, gamma-ray activity, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, Context (language use), Astrophysics, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, AGILE satellite, Active Galactic Nuclei, law.invention, Luminosity, Telescope, AGILE, X-ray, law, Target of opportunity, gamma rays: general – BL Lacertae objects: individual: PKS 0537-441 – radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Blazar, Physics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Gamma-Ray Imaging Detector, Space and Planetary Science, Spectral energy distribution
Abstract: Context. We report the detection by the AGILE satellite of intense gamma-ray activity from the source 1AGL J0538-4424, associated with the low-energy-peaked BL Lac PKS 0537-441, during a target of opportunity (ToO) observation performed on 2008 October 10-17, triggered by a Fermi-LAT alert, together with REM and Swift observations. Aims. The quasi-simultaneous near-infrared, optical, UV, X-ray, and gamma-ray coverage allowed us to investigate the behaviour of the source in different energy bands and study the spectral energy distribution and a theoretical model that can describe the gamma-ray state observed in mid-October. Methods. AGILE observed the source with its two co-aligned imagers: the Gamma-Ray Imaging Detector (GRID) and the hard X-ray imager (SuperAGILE), sensitive in the 30 MeV-30 GeV and 18-60 keV ranges, respectively. During the AGILE observation, the source was monitored simultaneously in the UV and X-ray bands by the Swift satellite through 6 ToO observations carried out between 2008 October 8 and 17. Moreover, the source was observed in the near-infrared and optical bands by the REM telescope on 2008 October 7, 8, and 9. Results. During 2008 October 10-17, AGILE-GRID detected gamma-ray emission from PKS 0537-441 at a significance level of 5.3-sigma with an average flux of (42 +/- 11) x 10(-8) photons cm(-2) s(-1) for energies higher than 100 MeV. A significant increase in the gamma-ray activity was detected between the first and the second halves of the observing period. REM and Swift/XRT detected the source in near-infrared/optical and X-rays during a relatively low and intermediate activity state, respectively, with no signs of evident variability in the different observations. However, Swift/UVOT detected an increase between the first and the second parts of the observing period, smaller than in the gamma-rays. Conclusions. The average gamma-ray flux of PKS 0537-441 detected by AGILE is close to the average flux observed for this source by the EGRET and Fermi-LAT instruments, with an increase of a factor 3 throughout the observation period up to a flux level slightly lower than the highest flux observed by Fermi-LAT during the first 11 months of operation. The spectral energy distribution of PKS 0537-441 in mid-October 2008 seems to require two synchrotron self-Compton components to be modelled, to account for both the near-infrared/optical bump and the X-ray data, together with the information on the gamma-ray flux level observed by AGILE. An alternative model based on the external Compton radiation, which requires an accretion disk with a relatively high luminosity, is also proposed.
Published: 2010

31. The Extraordinary Gamma-Ray Flare Of The Blazar 3c 454.3

Author: E. Striani, S. Vercellone, M. Tavani, V. Vittorini, F. D’Ammando, I. Donnarumma, L. Pacciani, G. Pucella, A. Bulgarelli, M. Trifoglio, F. Gianotti, P. Giommi, A. Argan, G. Barbiellini, P. Caraveo, P. W. Cattaneo, A. W. Chen, E. Costa, G. De Paris, E. Del Monte, G. Di Cocco, Y. Evangelista, M. Feroci, A. Ferrari, M. Fiorini, F. Fuschino, M. Galli, A. Giuliani, M. Giusti, C. Labanti, F. Lazzarotto, P. Lipari, F. Longo, M. Marisaldi, S. Mereghetti, E. Morelli, E. Moretti, A. Morselli, A. Pellizzoni, F. Perotti, G. Piano, P. Picozza, M. Pilia, M. Prest, M. Rapisarda, A. Rappoldi, S. Sabatini, E. Scalise, P. Soffitta, A. Trois, E. Vallazza, A. Zambra, D. Zanello, C. Pittori, F. Verrecchia, P. Santolamazza, F. Lucarelli, S. Colafrancesco, L. A. Antonelli, L. Salotti, E., Striani, S., Vercellone, M., Tavani, V., Vittorini, F., D'Ammando, I., Donnarumma, L., Pacciani, G., Pucella, A., Bulgarelli, M., Trifoglio, F., Gianotti, P., Giommi, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, A. W., Chen, E., Costa, G. D., Pari, E. D., Monte, G. D., Cocco, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, A., Giuliani, M., Giusti, C., Labanti, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, S., Sabatini, E., Scalise, P., Soffitta, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, P., Santolamazza, F., Lucarelli, S., Colafrancesco, L. A., Antonelli, L., Salotti, Striani E, Vercellone S, Tavani M, Vittorini V, DAmmando F, Donnarumma I, Pacciani L, Pucella G, Bulgarelli A, Trifoglio M, Gianotti F, Giommi P, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, Costa E, De Paris G, Del Monte E, Di Cocco G, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Giuliani A, Giusti M, Labanti C, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pilia M, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Sabatini S, Scalise E, Soffitta P, Trois A, Vallazza E, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Santolamazza P, Lucarelli F, Colafrancesco S, Antonelli LA, and Salotti L
Subjects: Agile, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), blazar, gamma detection, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Type (model theory), Vela, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, AGILE satellite, Active Galactic Nuclei, law.invention, Pulsar, law, Blazar, Physics, gamma rays: galaxies – quasars: individual (3C 454.3), Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Flare
Abstract: We present the gamma-ray data of the extraordinary flaring activity above 100 MeV from the flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 454.3 detected by AGILE during the month of December 2009. 3C 454.3, that has been among the most active blazars of the FSRQ type since 2007, was detected in the gamma-ray range with a progressively rising flux since November 10, 2009. The gamma-ray flux reached a value comparable with that of the Vela pulsar on December 2, 2009. Remarkably, between December 2 and 3, 2009 the source more than doubled its gamma-ray emission and became the brightest gamma-ray source in the sky with a peak flux of F_{\gamma,p} = (2000 \pm 400) x 10^-8 ph cm^-2 s^-1 for a 1-day integration above 100 MeV. The gamma-ray intensity decreased in the following days with the source flux remaining at large values near F \simeq (1000 \pm 200) x 10^-8 ph cm^-2 s^-1 for more than a week. This exceptional gamma-ray flare dissipated among the largest ever detected intrinsic radiated power in gamma-rays above 100 MeV (L_{\gamma, source, peak} \simeq 3 x 10^46 erg s^-1, for a relativistic Doppler factor of {\delta} \simeq 30). The total isotropic irradiated energy of the month-long episode in the range 100 MeV - 3 GeV is E_{\gamma,iso} \simeq 10^56 erg. We report the intensity and spectral evolution of the gamma-ray emission across the flaring episode. We briefly discuss the important theoretical implications of our detection., Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, ApJ accepted
Published: 2010

32. Episodic Transient Gamma-Ray Emission From The Microquasar Cygnus X-1

Author: E. Moretti, V. Vittorini, Claudio Labanti, A. Giuliani, M. Trifoglio, C. Pittori, Francesco Lazzarotto, Paolo Lipari, Martino Marisaldi, Attilio Ferrari, Guido Barbiellini, P. Santolamazza, A. Pellizzoni, F. Perotti, S. Vercellone, M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, E. Striani, Y. Evangelista, M. Giusti, Francesco Longo, Alda Rubini, F. Verrecchia, Ennio Morelli, Paolo Giommi, G. De Paris, Massimiliano Fiorini, Marco Tavani, F. Fuschino, G. Di Cocco, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, S. Sabatini, Sergio Colafrancesco, Fulvio Gianotti, A. Argan, Sandro Mereghetti, P. W. Cattaneo, Andrea Bulgarelli, A. Morselli, I. Donnarumma, Enrico Costa, Filippo D'Ammando, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, M. Prest, Paolo Soffitta, L. A. Antonelli, A. W. Chen, E. Del Monte, Massimo Rapisarda, G. Piano, P. A. Caraveo, Maura Pilia, D. Zanello, G. Pucella, Alessio Trois, E. Scalise, L. Salotti, A. Zambra, F. de Pasquale, Sabatini S, Tavani M, Striani E, Bulgarelli A, Vittorini V, Piano G, Del Monte E, Feroci M, de Pasquale F, Trifoglio M, Gianotti F, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, DAmmando F, Costa E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Giuliani A, Giusti M, Labanti C, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Pilia M, Pucella G, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Scalise E, Soffitta P, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Santolamazza P, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Antonelli LA, Salotti L, S., Sabatini, M., Tavani, E., Striani, A., Bulgarelli, V., Vittorini, G., Piano, E. D., Monte, M., Feroci, F. d., Pasquale, M., Trifoglio, F., Gianotti, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, A. W., Chen, F., D'Ammando, E., Costa, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, A., Giuliani, M., Giusti, C., Labanti, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, G., Pucella, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, E., Scalise, P., Soffitta, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, P., Santolamazza, P., Giommi, S., Colafrancesco, L. A., Antonelli, and L., Salotti
Subjects: Agile, Black Holes, transient gamma-ray emission, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Astrophysics, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, X-rays: binaries, Cutoff, Cygnus X-1, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Range (particle radiation), Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gamma rays: general, stars: individual (Cygnus X-1), Galaxy, Black hole, Space and Planetary Science, AGILE satellite, Transient (oscillation), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Cygnus X-1 is the archetypal black hole (BH) binary system in our Galaxy. We report the main results of an extensive search for transient gamma-ray emission from Cygnus X-1 carried out in the energy range 100 MeV - 3 GeV by the AGILE satellite, during the period 2007 July - 2009 October. The total exposure time is about 300 days, during which the source was in the "hard" X-ray spectral state. We divided the observing intervals in 2 or 4 week periods, and searched for transient and persistent emission. We report an episode of significant transient gamma-ray emission detected on 2009, October 16 in a position compatible with Cygnus X-1 optical position. This episode, occurred during a hard spectral state of Cygnus X-1, shows that a 1-2 day time variable emission above 100 MeV can be produced during hard spectral states, having important theoretical implications for current Comptonization models for Cygnus X-1 and other microquasars. Except for this one short timescale episode, no significant gamma-ray emission was detected by AGILE. By integrating all available data we obtain a 2$\sigma$ upper limit for the total integrated flux of $F_{\gamma,U.L.} = 3 \times 10^{-8} \rm ph cm^{-2} s^{-1}$ in the energy range 100 MeV - 3 GeV. We then clearly establish the existence of a spectral cutoff in the energy range 1-100 MeV that applies to the typical hard state outside the flaring period and that confirms the historically known spectral cutoff above 1 MeV., Comment: Accepted for publication by ApJ on the 9th of Feb 2010, 5 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2010

33. AGILE detection of a rapid gamma-ray flare from the blazar PKS 1510-089 during the GASP-WEBT monitoring

Author: Dario Gasparrini, A. W. Chen, Alan P. Marscher, P. Giommi, C. Pittori, Filippo D'Ammando, T. Froysland, A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, Enrico Costa, M. Sorcia, Carla Buemi, F. Fuschino, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Massimo Rapisarda, Marco Feroci, Arnaud Ferrari, Luigi Pacciani, Uwe Bach, Corrado Trigilio, F. Boffelli, G. De Paris, Jochen Heidt, L. A. Antonelli, Deborah Dultzin, F. Perotti, Raúl Mújica, C. M. Raiteri, Lars Fuhrmann, G. Umana, D. Zanello, A. Zambra, A. Morselli, Mark Gurwell, Paolo Soffitta, Margo F. Aller, Kari Nilsson, Marco Tavani, E. Vallazza, Wen Ping Chen, Tatiana S. Konstantinova, S. Sabatini, I. M. McHardy, Ekaterina Koptelova, A. Rappoldi, M. Fiorini, Ivan Agudo, Martino Marisaldi, José L. Gómez, V. Cocco, J. M. Lopez, Valeri M. Larionov, S. Vercellone, Elina Lindfors, A. Pellizzoni, E. Del Monte, H. Y. Hsiao, G. Pucella, F. Longo, I. Lapshov, L. Salotti, Ivan S. Troitsky, A. Giuliani, Sandro Mereghetti, Paolo Lipari, L. O. Takalo, Mar Roca-Sogorb, P. W. Cattaneo, Omar M. Kurtanidze, Brian W. Taylor, G. Di Rico, M. Trifoglio, David Hiriart, S. Colafrancesco, P. Picozza, G. Barbiellini, G. Piano, Hugh D. Aller, Fulvio Gianotti, Maura Pilia, Alessio Trois, A. A. Arkharov, B. Preger, G. Di Cocco, Givi N. Kimeridze, S. Cutini, Claudio Labanti, Erika Benítez, P. Santolamazza, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, A. Di Paola, M. Galli, E. N. Kopatskaya, P. A. Caraveo, Paolo Leto, F. Verrecchia, Michael Mommert, Francesco Lazzarotto, Andrei Berdyugin, M. Pasanen, D. A. Melnichuk, M. Prest, M. Villata, D. Blinov, V. Vittorini, DAmmando F, Pucella G, Raiteri CM, Villata M, Vittorini V, Vercellone S, Donnarumma I, Longo F, Tavani M, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, Cocco V, Costa E, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Giuliani A, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pilia M, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Sabatini S, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Zambra A, Zanello D, Agudo I, Aller MF, Aller HD, Arkharov AA, Bach U, Benitez E, Berdyugin A, Blinov DA, Buemi CS, Chen WP, Di Paola A, Di Rico G, Dultzin D, Fuhrmann L, Gomez JL, Gurwell MA, Jorstad SG, Heidt J, Hiriart D, Hsiao HY, Kimeridze G, Konstantinova TS, Kopatskaya EN, Koptelova E, Kurtanidze O, Larionov VM, Leto P, Lindfors E, Lopez JM, Marscher AP, McHardy IM, Melnichuk DA, Mommert M, Mujica R, Nilsson K, Pasanen M, Roca-Sogorb M, Sorcia M, Takalo LO, Taylor B, Trigilio C, Troitsky IS, Umana G, Antonelli LA, Colafrancesco S, Cutini S, Gasparrini D, Pittori C, Preger B, Santolamazza P, Verrecchia F, Giommi P, Salotti L, F., D'Ammando, G., Pucella, C. M., Raiteri, M., Villata, V., Vittorini, S., Vercellone, I., Donnarumma, Longo, Francesco, M., Tavani, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, A. W., Chen, V., Cocco, E., Costa, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, A., Giuliani, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, S., Sabatini, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, I., Agudo, M. F., Aller, H. D., Aller, A. A., Arkharov, U., Bach, E., Benitez, A., Berdyugin, D. A., Blinov, C. S., Buemi, W. P., Chen, A. D., Paola, G. D., Rico, D., Dultzin, L., Fuhrmann, J. L., Gomez, M. A., Gurwell, S. G., Jorstad, J., Heidt, D., Hiriart, H. Y., Hsiao, G., Kimeridze, T. S., Konstantinova, E. N., Kopatskaya, E., Koptelova, O., Kurtanidze, V. M., Larionov, P., Leto, E., Lindfor, J. M., Lopez, A. P., Marscher, I. M., Mchardy, D. A., Melnichuk, M., Mommert, R., Mujica, K., Nilsson, M., Pasanen, M., Roca Sogorb, M., Sorcia, L. O., Takalo, B., Taylor, C., Trigilio, I. S., Troitsky, G., Umana, L. A., Antonelli, S., Colafrancesco, S., Cutini, D., Gasparrini, C., Pittori, B., Preger, P., Santolamazza, F., Verrecchia, P., Giommi, and L., Salotti
Subjects: Agile, Active galactic nucleus, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Radio spectrum, gamma-ray flare, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, AGILE satellite, Active Galactic Nuclei, law.invention, law, quasar, Blazar, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Gamma ray, Compton scattering, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Space and Planetary Science, gamma-rays: observations – mechanism: non-thermal – quasars: individual (PKS 1510-089), Spectral energy distribution, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flare, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We report the detection by the AGILE satellite of a rapid gamma-ray flare from the powerful gamma-ray quasar PKS 1510-089, during a pointing centered on the Galactic Center region from 1 March to 30 March 2008. This source has been continuosly monitored in the radio-to-optical bands by the GLAST-AGILE Support Program (GASP) of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT). Moreover, the gamma-ray flaring episode triggered three ToO observations by the Swift satellite in three consecutive days, starting from 20 March 2008. In the period 1-16 March 2008, AGILE detected gamma-ray emission from PKS 1510-089 at a significance level of 6.2-sigma with an average flux over the entire period of (84 +/- 17) x 10^{-8} photons cm^{-2} s^{-1} for photon energies above 100 MeV. After a predefined satellite re-pointing, between 17 and 21 March 2008, AGILE detected the source at a significance level of 7.3-sigma, with an average flux (E > 100 MeV) of (134 +/- 29) x 10^{-8} photons cm^{-2} s^{-1} and a peak level of (281 +/- 68) x 10^{-8} photons cm^{-2} s^{-1} with daily integration. During the observing period January-April 2008, the source also showed an intense and variable optical activity, with several flaring episodes and a significant increase of the flux was observed at millimetric frequencies. Moreover, in the X-ray band the Swift/XRT observations seem to show an harder-when-brighter behaviour of the source spectrum. The spectral energy distribution of mid-March 2008 is modelled with a homogeneous one-zone synchrotron self Compton emission plus contributions from inverse Compton scattering of external photons from both the accretion disc and the broad line region. Indeed, some features in the optical-UV spectrum seem to indicate the presence of Seyfert-like components, such as the little blue bump and the big blue bump., 10 pages, 4 figures and 2 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2009

34. Detection of Gamma-Ray Emission from the Eta-Carinae Region

Author: Massimo Rapisarda, C. Pittori, D. Zanello, Roberto Viotti, L. Salotti, Filippo D'Ammando, T. Froysland, Michael F. Corcoran, Claudio Labanti, Maura Pilia, Elena Pian, Paolo Soffitta, A. Zambra, F. Boffelli, Francesco Lazzarotto, Alessio Trois, Geiland Porrovecchio, A. Pellizzoni, F. Fuschino, A. Giuliani, Francesco Longo, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, L. A. Antonelli, Fulvio Gianotti, G. Piano, Y. Evangelista, G. Di Cocco, M. Prest, E. Del Monte, Marcello Mastropietro, I. Donnarumma, S. Vercellone, Paolo Lipari, I. Lapshov, E. Moretti, V. Vittorini, G. Pucella, G. De Paris, M. Trifoglio, P. A. Caraveo, V. Cocco, Marco Tavani, S. Sabatini, Sergio Colafrancesco, Ennio Morelli, M. Galli, Sandro Mereghetti, P. W. Cattaneo, Piergiorgio Picozza, Massimiliano Fiorini, F. Verrecchia, Martino Marisaldi, A. W. Chen, F. Perotti, A. Morselli, A. Argan, P. Santolamazza, Andrea Bulgarelli, Enrico Costa, Alda Rubini, Paolo Giommi, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, Attilio Ferrari, Guido Barbiellini, Tavani M, Sabatini S, Pian E, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Viotti R F, Corcoran M F, Giuliani A, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Vercellone S, Mereghetti S, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Cattaneo P W, Chen A W, Cocco V, DAmmando F, Costa E, DeParis G, Del Monte E, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Ferrari A, Feroci M, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pilia M, Porrovecchio G, Pucella G, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Santolamazza P, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Antonelli L A, Salotti L, M., Tavani, S., Sabatini, E., Pian, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, R. F., Viotti, M. F., Corcoran, A., Giuliani, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, S., Vercellone, S., Mereghetti, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, P. W., Cattaneo, A. W., Chen, V., Cocco, F., D'Ammando, E., Costa, G. D., Pari, E. D., Monte, G. D., Cocco, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, A., Ferrari, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, E., Morelli, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, G., Porrovecchio, G., Pucella, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, P., Santolamazza, P., Giommi, S., Colafrancesco, L. A., Antonelli, and L., Salotti
Subjects: Agile, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Carina Nebula, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Radiation, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Luminosity, gamma rays: observations, stars: individual: Eta Carinae, stars: winds, outflows, X-rays: binaries, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, wind binary Eta Carinae, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Colliding-wind binary, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Nebula, Gamma ray, Galactic region, Astronomy and Astrophysics, AGILE satellite, Unidentified Gamma-ray Sources, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the results of extensive observations by the gamma-ray AGILE satellite of the Galactic region hosting the Carina nebula and the remarkable colliding wind binary Eta Carinae (Eta Car) during the period 2007 July to 2009 January. We detect a gamma-ray source (1AGL J1043-5931) consistent with the position of Eta Car. If 1AGL J1043-5931 is associated with the Eta Car system our data provide the long sought first detection above 100 MeV of a colliding wind binary. The average gamma-ray flux above 100 MeV and integrated over the pre-periastron period 2007 July to 2008 October is F = (37 +/- 5) x 10-8 ph cm-2 s-1 corresponding to an average gamma-ray luminosity of L = 3.4 x 10^34 erg s-1 for a distance of 2.3 kpc. We also report a 2-day gamma-ray flaring episode of 1AGL J1043-5931 on 2008 Oct. 11-13 possibly related to a transient acceleration and radiation episode of the strongly variable shock in the system., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Published: 2009

35. First AGILE catalog of high-confidence gamma-ray sources

Author: Dario Gasparrini, I. Donnarumma, F. Mauri, E. Scalise, E. Mattaini, G. Di Cocco, E. Del Monte, E. Rossi, Geiland Porrovecchio, Fulvio Gianotti, F. Fornari, A. Morselli, G. De Paris, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, G. Di Persio, S. Cutini, A. W. Chen, Sandro Mereghetti, F. Boffelli, P. W. Cattaneo, S. Stellato, Francesco Longo, Massimo Rapisarda, R. Primavera, A. Antonelli, Filippo D'Ammando, M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, F. Tamburelli, C. Pittori, L. Salotti, Paolo Soffitta, F. Verrecchia, A. Zambra, T. Froysland, B. Preger, P. Santolamazza, D. Zanello, V. Vittorini, G. Fanari, F. Fuschino, F. Perotti, Martino Marisaldi, A. Pellizzoni, Marcello Mastropietro, Francesco Lazzarotto, M. Trifoglio, A. Argan, Massimo Frutti, Andrea Bulgarelli, Maura Pilia, P. A. Caraveo, Enrico Costa, Alessio Trois, F. Liello, Claudio Labanti, Alda Rubini, E. Striani, Marco Tavani, S. Vercellone, S. Sabatini, Sergio Colafrancesco, I. Lapshov, Paolo Giommi, Ennio Morelli, M. Prest, Massimiliano Fiorini, P. Lipari, Attilio Ferrari, Guido Barbiellini, Elena Moretti, G. Pucella, A. Mauri, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, Alessandro Traci, V. Cocco, A. Giuliani, Y. Evangelista, T. Contessi, G. Piano, C. Pontoni, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, A. W., Chen, A., Bulgarelli, A., Pellizzoni, A., Giuliani, S., Vercellone, Longo, Francesco, M., Tavani, P., Giommi, G., Barbiellini, M., Trifoglio, F., Gianotti, A., Argan, A., Antonelli, F., Boffelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, S., Colafrancesco, T., Contessi, E., Costa, S., Cutini, F., D'Ammando, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, G. D., Persio, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, G., Fanari, M., Feroci, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, F., Fornari, F., Fuschino, T., Froysland, M., Frutti, M., Galli, D., Gasparrini, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, F., Liello, P., Lipari, E., Mattaini, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, A., Mauri, F., Mauri, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, Moretti, Elena, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, C., Pontoni, G., Porrovecchio, B., Preger, M., Prest, R., Primavera, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, E., Rossi, A., Rubini, S., Sabatini, P., Santolamazza, E., Scalise, P., Soffitta, S., Stellato, E., Striani, F., Tamburelli, A., Traci, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, L., Salotti, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Chen AW, Bulgarelli A, Pellizzoni A, Giuliani A, Vercellone S, Longo F, Tavani M, Giommi P, Barbiellini G, Trifoglio M, Gianotti F, Argan A, Antonelli A, Boffelli F, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Colafrancesco S, Contessi T, Costa E, Cutini S, DAmmando F, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Fanari G, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Fornari F, Fuschino F, Froysland T, Frutti M, Galli M, Gasparrini D, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Liello F, Lipari P, Mattaini E, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mauri A, Mauri F, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pilia M, Pontoni C, Porrovecchio G, Preger B, Prest M, Primavera R, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rossi E, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Santolamazza P, Scalise E, Soffitta P, Stellato S, Striani E, Tamburelli F, Traci A, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, and Salotti L
Subjects: Agile, catalog, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, Astrophysics, gamma-ray source, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Pulsar, X and gamma detection, Blazar, media_common, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Detector, Gamma ray, gamma rays: observations, catalogs, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, AGILE satellite, Catalogs, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Satellite, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the first catalog of high-confidence gamma-ray sources detected by the AGILE satellite during observations performed from July 9, 2007 to June 30, 2008. Catalogued sources are detected by merging all the available data over the entire time period. AGILE, launched in April 2007, is an ASI mission devoted to gamma-ray observations in the 30 MeV - 50 GeV energy range, with simultaneous X-ray imaging capability in the 18-60 keV band. This catalog is based on Gamma-Ray Imaging Detector (GRID) data for energies greater than 100 MeV. For the first AGILE catalog we adopted a conservative analysis, with a high-quality event filter optimized to select gamma-ray events within the central zone of the instrument Field of View (radius of 40 degrees). This is a significance-limited (4 sigma) catalog, and it is not a complete flux-limited sample due to the non-uniform first year AGILE sky coverage. The catalog includes 47 sources, 21 of which are associated with confirmed or candidate pulsars, 13 with Blazars (7 FSRQ, 4 BL Lacs, 2 unknown type), 2 with HMXRBs, 2 with SNRs, 1 with a colliding-wind binary system, 8 with unidentified sources., Revised version, 15 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables. To be published in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Text improved and clarified. Refined analysis of complex regions of the Galactic plane yields a new list of high-confidence sources including 47 sources (compared with the 40 sources appearing in the first version)
Published: 2009

36. HIGH-RESOLUTION TIMING OBSERVATIONS OF SPIN-POWERED PULSARS WITH THE AGILE GAMMA-RAY TELESCOPE

Author: M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, F. Verrecchia, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, Patrick Weltevrede, F. Mauri, B. Preger, A. Rappoldi, A. W. Chen, G. De Paris, Filippo D'Ammando, E. Vallazza, F. Fuschino, Paolo Esposito, A. Morselli, F. Perotti, Paolo Soffitta, Jules P. Halpern, P. Santolamazza, C. Pittori, T. Froysland, P. Lipari, Fulvio Gianotti, G. Pucella, Ismaël Cognard, A. Argan, A. Giuliani, A. Pellizzoni, Alice K. Harding, Andrea Bulgarelli, Enrico Costa, M. Prest, George Hobbs, M. Fiorini, Paolo Giommi, F. Boffelli, N. D'Amico, Michael Kramer, L. Salotti, I. Lapshov, A. Zambra, F. Fornari, V. Cocco, Maura Pilia, Francesco Longo, S. Vercellone, E. Del Monte, M. Burgay, Alessio Trois, Sandro Mereghetti, Francesco Lazzarotto, G. Barbiellini, Andrea Possenti, P. W. Cattaneo, V. Vittorini, P. A. Caraveo, M. Trifoglio, Simon Johnston, I. Donnarumma, Marco Tavani, Martino Marisaldi, Claudio Labanti, D. Zanello, Richard N. Manchester, G. Di Cocco, Massimo Rapisarda, Aidan Hotan, Y. Evangelista, J. Palfreyman, Pellizzoni A, Pilia M, Possenti A, Fornari F, Caraveo P, Del Monte E, Mereghetti S, Tavani M, Argan A, Trois A, Burgay M, Chen A, Cognard I, Costa E, D'Amico N, Esposito P, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Fuschino F, Giuliani A, Halpern J, Hobbs G, Hotan A, Johnston S, Kramer M, Longo F, Manchester RN, Marisaldi M, Palfreyman J, Weltevrede P, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Bulgarelli A, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, DAmmando F, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Galli M, Gianotti F, Harding A, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Mauri F, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Perotti F, Picozza P, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Preger B, Santolamazza P, Giommi P, Salotti L, A., Pellizzoni, M., Pilia, A., Possenti, F., Fornari, P., Caraveo, E. D., Monte, S., Mereghetti, M., Tavani, A., Argan, A., Troi, M., Burgay, A., Chen, I., Cognard, E., Costa, N., D'Amico, P., Esposito, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, F., Fuschino, A., Giuliani, J., Halpern, G., Hobb, A., Hotan, S., Johnston, M., Kramer, Longo, Francesco, R. N., Manchester, M., Marisaldi, J., Palfreyman, P., Weltevrede, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, A., Bulgarelli, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, F., D'Ammando, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, I., Donnarumma, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, A., Harding, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, F., Mauri, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, M., Prest, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, B., Preger, P., Santolamazza, P., Giommi, and L., Salotti
Subjects: Agile, Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Pulsar, AGILE satellite, pulsar, Vela, X-ray and gamma detection, Spin-½, Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Phaser, Space and Planetary Science, Satellite, gamma rays: observations – pulsars: general – pulsars: individual (Vela, Crab, Geminga, PSR B 1706-44) – stars: neutron, business, Agile software development, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: AGILE is a small gamma-ray astronomy satellite mission of the Italian Space Agency dedicated to high-energy astrophysics launched in 2007 April. Its 1 microsecond absolute time tagging capability coupled with a good sensitivity in the 30 MeV-30 GeV range, with simultaneous X-ray monitoring in the 18-60 keV band, makes it perfectly suited for the study of gamma-ray pulsars following up on the CGRO/EGRET heritage. In this paper we present the first AGILE timing results on the known gamma-ray pulsars Vela, Crab, Geminga and B 1706-44. The data were collected from 2007 July to 2008 April, exploiting the mission Science Verification Phase, the Instrument Timing Calibration and the early Observing Pointing Program. Thanks to its large field of view, AGILE collected a large number of gamma-ray photons from these pulsars (about 10,000 pulsed counts for Vela) in only few months of observations. The coupling of AGILE timing capabilities, simultaneous radio/X-ray monitoring and new tools aimed at precise photon phasing, exploiting also timing noise correction, unveiled new interesting features at sub-millisecond level in the pulsars' high-energy light-curves., Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. 14 pages in emulate-apj style, 2 tables, 9 figures (1 color). Replacement corrected Figure 6
Published: 2009

37. Multiwavelength Observations Of 3c 454.3. Ii. The Agile 2007 December Campaign

Author: I. Donnarumma, G. Pucella, V. Vittorini, F. D'Ammando, S. Vercellone, C. M. Raiteri, M. Villata, M. Perri, W. P. Chen, R. L. Smart, J. Kataoka, N. Kawai, Y. Mori, G. Tosti, D. Impiombato, T. Takahashi, R. Sato, M. Tavani, A. Bulgarelli, A. W. Chen, A. Giuliani, F. Longo, L. Pacciani, A. Argan, G. Barbiellini, F. Boffelli, P. Caraveo, P. W. Cattaneo, V. Cocco, T. Contessi, E. Costa, E. Del Monte, G. De Paris, G. Di Cocco, Y. Evangelista, M. Feroci, A. Ferrari, M. Fiorini, T. Froysland, M. Frutti, F. Fuschino, M. Galli, F. Gianotti, C. Labanti, I. Lapshov, F. Lazzarotto, P. Lipari, M. Marisaldi, M. Mastropietro, S. Mereghetti, E. Morelli, E. Moretti, A. Morselli, A. Pellizzoni, F. Perotti, G. Piano, P. Picozza, M. Pilia, G. Porrovecchio, M. Prest, M. Rapisarda, A. Rappoldi, A. Rubini, S. Sabatini, E. Scalise, P. Soffitta, E. Striani, M. Trifoglio, A. Trois, E. Vallazza, A. Zambra, D. Zanello, C. Pittori, P. Santolamazza, F. Verrecchia, P. Giommi, L. A. Antonelli, S. Colafrancesco, L. Salotti, Donnarumma I, Pucella G, Vittorini V, DAmmando F, Vercellone S, Raiteri CM, Villata M, Perri M, Chen WP, Smart RL, Kataoka J, Kawai N, Mori Y, Tosti G, Impiombato D, Takahashi T, Sato R, Tavani M, Bulgarelli A, Chen AW, Giuliani A, Longo F, Pacciani L, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Contessi T, Costa E, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Frutti M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pilia M, Porrovecchio G, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Scalise E, Soffitta P, Striani E, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Santolamazza P, Verrecchia F, Giommi P, Antonelli A, Colafrancesco S, Salotti L, I., Donnarumma, G., Pucella, V., Vittorini, F., D'Ammando, S., Vercellone, C. M., Raiteri, M., Villata, M., Perri, W. P., Chen, R. L., Smart, J., Kataoka, N., Kawai, Y., Mori, G., Tosti, D., Impiombato, T., Takahashi, R., Sato, M., Tavani, A., Bulgarelli, A. W., Chen, A., Giuliani, Longo, Francesco, L., Pacciani, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, T., Contessi, E., Costa, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, M., Frutti, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, G., Porrovecchio, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, S., Sabatini, E., Scalise, P., Soffitta, E., Striani, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, P., Santolamazza, F., Verrecchia, P., Giommi, A., Antonelli, S., Colafrancesco, and L., Salotti
Subjects: Agile, Photon, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, AGILE satellite, Active Galactic Nuclei, blazar, law.invention, law, Target of opportunity, quasars: general, multiwavelength campaign, Blazar, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Line (formation), Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), We report on the second Astrorivelatore Gamma a Immagini Leggero (AGILE) multiwavelength campaign of the blazar 3C 454.3 during the first half of 2007 December. This campaign involved AGILE, Spitzer, Swift, Suzaku, the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) consortium, the Rapid Eye Mount (REM), and the Multicolor Imaging Telescopes for Survey and Monstrous Explosions (MITSuME) telescopes, offering a broadband coverage that allowed for a simultaneous sampling of the synchrotron and inverse Compton (IC) emissions. The two-week AGILE monitoring was accompanied by radio to optical monitoring by WEBT and REM, and by sparse observations in mid-infrared and soft/hard X-ray energy bands performed by means of Target of Opportunity observations by Spitzer, Swift, and Suzaku, respectively. The source was detected with an average flux of ~250 × 10^-8 photons cm^-2 s^-1 above 100 MeV, typical of its flaring states. The simultaneous optical and γ-ray monitoring allowed us to study the time lag associated with the variability in the two energy bands, resulting in a possible lsimone-day delay of the γ-ray emission with respect to the optical one. From the simultaneous optical and γ-ray fast flare detected on December 12, we can constrain the delay between the γ-ray and optical emissions within 12 hr. Moreover, we obtain three spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with simultaneous data for 2007 December 5, 13, and 15, characterized by the widest multifrequency coverage. We found that a model with an external Compton on seed photons by a standard disk and reprocessed by the broad-line regions does not describe in a satisfactory way the SEDs of 2007 December 5, 13, and 15. An additional contribution, possibly from the hot corona with T = 106 K surrounding the jet, is required to account simultaneously for the softness of the synchrotron and the hardness of the IC emissions during those epochs, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: jets, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Corona, Synchrotron, Space and Planetary Science, galaxies: individual: 3C 454.3, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, gamma rays: observations, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Flare
Abstract: 著者人数：79名, Accepted: 2009-10-29, 資料番号: SA1000754000
Published: 2009

38. Monitoring the hard X-ray sky with SuperAGILE

Author: S. Cutini, S. Stellato, M. Trifoglio, Ennio Morelli, G. De Paris, Martino Marisaldi, Massimiliano Fiorini, F. Boffelli, G. Fanari, F. Fuschino, F. Fornari, C. Pittori, I. Donnarumma, T. Froysland, A. W. Chen, F. Liello, F. Perotti, A. Pellizzoni, Francesco Longo, Attilio Ferrari, A. Morselli, Guido Barbiellini, V. Vittorini, A. Antonelli, G. Pucella, A. Argan, Alessandro Traci, Marco Tavani, S. Sabatini, Andrea Bulgarelli, Sergio Colafrancesco, Enrico Costa, F. Mauri, Sandro Mereghetti, Francesco Lazzarotto, P. W. Cattaneo, M. Prest, R. Primavera, M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, F. Tamburelli, P. Santolamazza, F. Verrecchia, Paolo Lipari, Elena Moretti, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, Alda Rubini, I. Lapshov, A. Mauri, Paolo Giommi, F. D'Ammando, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, V. Cocco, A. Giuliani, P. A. Caraveo, Dario Gasparrini, Y. Evangelista, G. Piano, L. Salotti, A. Zambra, C. Pontoni, E. Rossi, Massimo Rapisarda, D. Zanello, Claudio Labanti, E. Del Monte, E. Mattaini, G. Di Cocco, Massimo Frutti, S. Vercellone, G. Di Persio, Paolo Soffitta, B. Preger, Marcello Mastropietro, Maura Pilia, Alessio Trois, Fulvio Gianotti, Geiland Porrovecchio, M., Feroci, E., Costa, E. D., Monte, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, L., Pacciani, M., Rapisarda, P., Soffitta, G. D., Persio, M., Frutti, M., Mastropietro, E., Morelli, G., Porrovecchio, A., Rubini, A., Antonelli, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, A. W., Chen, V., Cocco, S., Colafrancesco, S., Cutini, F., D'Ammando, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, G., Fanari, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, F., Fornari, F., Fuschino, T., Froysland, M., Galli, D., Gasparrini, F., Gianotti, P., Giommi, A., Giuliani, C., Labanti, F., Liello, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, E., Mattaini, M., Marisaldi, A., Mauri, F., Mauri, S., Mereghetti, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, C., Pittori, C., Pontoni, B., Preger, M., Prest, R., Primavera, G., Pucella, A., Rappoldi, E., Rossi, S., Sabatini, P., Santolamazza, M., Tavani, S., Stellato, F., Tamburelli, A., Traci, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, F., Verrecchia, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, L., Salotti, Feroci M, Costa E, Del Monte E, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Pacciani L, Rapisarda M, Soffitta P, Di Persio G, Frutti M, Mastropietro M, Morelli E, Porrovecchio G, Rubini A, Antonelli A, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, Cocco V, Colafrancesco S, Cutini S, DAmmando F, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Fanari G, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Fornari F, Fuschino F, Froysland T, Galli M, Gasparrini D, Gianotti F, Giommi P, Giuliani A, Labanti C, Liello F, Lipari P, Longo F, Mattaini E, Marisaldi M, Mauri A, Mauri F, Mereghetti S, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pilia M, Pittori C, Pontoni C, Preger B, Prest M, Primavera R, Pucella G, Rappoldi A, Rossi E, Sabatini S, Santolamazza P, Tavani M, Stellato S, Tamburelli F, Traci A, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Verrecchia F, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, and Salotti L
Subjects: Agile, Photon, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, AGILE satellite, X-ray sources, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, SuperAgile, x-ray detector, extragalactic and galactic sources, Optics, Angular resolution, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), media_common, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), COSMIC cancer database, business.industry, Detector, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, instrumentation: detectors – X-rays: binaries – X-rays: general, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Celestial coordinate system, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: SuperAGILE is the hard X-ray monitor of the AGILE gamma ray mission, in orbit since 23$^{rd}$ April 2007. It is an imaging experiment based on a set of four independent silicon strip detectors, equipped with one-dimensional coded masks, operating in the nominal energy range 18-60 keV. The main goal of SuperAGILE is the observation of cosmic sources simultaneously with the main gamma-ray AGILE experiment, the Gamma Ray Imaging Detector (GRID). Given its $\sim$steradian-wide field of view and its $\sim$15 mCrab day-sensitivity, SuperAGILE is also well suited for the long-term monitoring of Galactic compact objects and the detection of bright transients. The SuperAGILE detector properties and design allow for a 6 arcmin angular resolution in each of the two independent orthogonal projections of the celestial coordinates. Photon by photon data are continuously available by the experiment telemetry, and are used to derive images and fluxes of individual sources, with integration times depending on the source intensity and position in the field of view. In this paper we report on the main scientific results achieved by SuperAGILE over its first two years in orbit, until April 2009., Comment: Accepted for publication on Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2009
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39. Extreme particle acceleration in the microquasar Cygnus X-3

Author: Francesco Longo, Martino Marisaldi, C. Pittori, Paolo Lipari, Arnaud Ferrari, M. Prest, Sandro Mereghetti, P. W. Cattaneo, S. Sabatini, A. Pellizzoni, E. Striani, I. Lapshov, F. Perotti, S. Colafrancesco, Fulvio Gianotti, Francesco Lazzarotto, A. Giuliani, E. Rossi, Ennio Morelli, Karri I. I. Koljonen, Marco Tavani, E. Scalise, Y. Evangelista, Maura Pilia, Guy G. Pooley, M. Galli, F. Fuschino, Alessio Trois, I. Donnarumma, Massimo Rapisarda, F. Verrecchia, N. A. Nizhelskij, P. A. Caraveo, E. Del Monte, D. Zanello, L. Salotti, V. Cocco, M. Trifoglio, G. Pucella, A. Mauri, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, G. De Paris, T. Contessi, G. Piano, A. W. Chen, P. Giommi, A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, Enrico Costa, G. Di Persio, A. Morselli, Filippo D'Ammando, Paolo Soffitta, S. Vercellone, Michael L. McCollough, P. Picozza, P. Santolamazza, Alda Rubini, Sergei A. Trushkin, A. Zambra, M. Mastropietro, Guido Barbiellini, V. Vittorini, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, Angelo Antonelli, E. Mattaini, G. Di Cocco, Claudio Labanti, M., Tavani, A., Bulgarelli, G., Piano, S., Sabatini, E., Striani, Y., Evangelista, A., Troi, G., Pooley, S., Trushkin, N. A., Nizhelskij, M., Mccollough, K. I. I., Koljonen, G., Pucella, A., Giuliani, A. W., Chen, E., Costa, V., Vittorini, M., Trifoglio, F., Gianotti, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, T., Contessi, F., D'Ammando, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, G. D., Persio, I., Donnarumma, M., Feroci, A., Ferrari, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, E., Mattaini, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, A., Mauri, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, E., Rossi, A., Rubini, E., Scalise, P., Soffitta, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, P., Giommi, S., Colafrancesco, P., Santolamazza, A., Antonelli, L., Salotti, Tavani M, Bulgarelli A, Piano G, Sabatini S, Striani E, Evangelista Y, Trois A, Pooley G, Trushkin S, Nizhelskij NA, McCollough M, Koljonen KII, Pucella G, Giuliani A, Chen AW, Costa E, Vittorini V, Trifoglio M, Gianotti F, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Contessi T, DAmmando F, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Donnarumma I, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fuschino F, Galli M, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Mattaini E, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mauri A, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Pilia M, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rossi E, Rubini A, Scalise E, Soffitta P, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Santolamazza P, Antonelli A, and Salotti L
Subjects: Active galactic nucleus, Black Holes, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, super massive black holes, X-ray binary, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Relativistic particle, AGILE, Astrophysical jet, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Supermassive black hole, Cygnus, Multidisciplinary, particle acceleration, microquasar, Cygnus X-3, Astronomy, X-ray emission, Particle acceleration, Black hole, Neutron star, AGILE satellite
Abstract: Galactic microquasars are binaries with a neutron star or stellar-mass black hole accreting gas from a companion star. They can accelerate particles to relativistic energies and emit radio flares, but the mechanism of jet energization is not known. A survey of the Cygnus region between mid-2007 and mid-2009 has detected four major γ-ray flaring episodes with energies over 100 MeV, each lasting 1 or 2 days, emanating from the microquasar Cygnus X-3. There is a clear pattern of temporal correlation between the γ-ray flares and transitional spectral states of radio and X-ray emission. Particle acceleration occurred a few days before radio jet ejections for two of the flares, suggesting that jet formation involves the production of highly energetic particles. Super-massive black holes in active galaxies can accelerate particles to relativistic energies, producing jets with associated γ-ray emission. Galactic 'microquasars' also produce relativistic jets; however, apart from an isolated event detected in Cygnus X-1, there has hitherto been no systematic evidence for the acceleration of particles to gigaelectronvolt or higher energies in a microquasar. Here, a report of four γ-ray flares with energies above 100 MeV from the microquasar Cygnus X-3 illuminates this important problem. Super-massive black holes in active galaxies can accelerate particles to relativistic energies1, producing jets with associated γ-ray emission. Galactic ‘microquasars’, which are binary systems consisting of a neutron star or stellar-mass black hole accreting gas from a companion star, also produce relativistic jets, generally together with radio flares2. Apart from an isolated event detected3 in Cygnus X-1, there has hitherto been no systematic evidence for the acceleration of particles to gigaelectronvolt or higher energies in a microquasar, with the consequence that we are as yet unsure about the mechanism of jet energization. Here we report four γ-ray flares with energies above 100 MeV from the microquasar Cygnus X-3 (an exceptional X-ray binary4,5,6 that sporadically produces radio jets7,8,9). There is a clear pattern of temporal correlations between the γ-ray flares and transitional spectral states of the radio-frequency and X-ray emission. Particle acceleration occurred a few days before radio-jet ejections for two of the four flares, meaning that the process of jet formation implies the production of very energetic particles. In Cygnus X-3, particle energies during the flares can be thousands of times higher than during quiescent states.
Published: 2009

40. THE JUNE 2008 FLARE OF MARKARIAN 421 FROM OPTICAL TO TeV ENERGIES

Author: I. Donnarumma, V. Vittorini, S. Vercellone, E. Del Monte, M. Feroci, F. D'Ammando, L. Pacciani, A. W. Chen, M. Tavani, A. Bulgarelli, A. Giuliani, F. Longo, G. Pucella, A. Argan, G. Barbiellini, F. Boffelli, P. Caraveo, P. W. Cattaneo, V. Cocco, E. Costa, G. De Paris, G. Di Cocco, Y. Evangelista, M. Fiorini, T. Froysland, M. Frutti, F. Fuschino, M. Galli, F. Gianotti, C. Labanti, I. Lapshov, F. Lazzarotto, P. Lipari, M. Marisaldi, M. Mastropietro, S. Mereghetti, E. Morelli, A. Morselli, A. Pellizzoni, F. Perotti, P. Picozza, G. Porrovecchio, M. Prest, M. Rapisarda, A. Rappoldi, A. Rubini, P. Soffitta, M. Trifoglio, A. Trois, E. Vallazza, A. Zambra, D. Zanello, C. Pittori, P. Santolamazza, F. Verrecchia, P. Giommi, S. Colafrancesco, L. Salotti, M. Villata, C. M. Raiteri, W. P. Chen, N. V. Efimova, B. Jordan, T. S. Konstantinova, E. Koptelova, O. M. Kurtanidze, V. M. Larionov, J. A. Ros, A. C. Sadun, H. Anderhub, L. A. Antonelli, P. Antoranz, M. Backes, C. Baixeras, S. Balestra, J. A. Barrio, H. Bartko, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra González, J. K. Becker, W. Bednarek, K. Berger, E. Bernardini, A. Biland, R. K. Bock, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, D. Borla Tridon, V. Bosch-Ramon, T. Bretz, I. Britvitch, M. Camara, E. Carmona, A. Chilingarian, S. Commichau, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, M. T. Costado, S. Covino, V. Curtef, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, E. De Cea del Pozo, R. de los Reyes, B. De Lotto, M. De Maria, F. De Sabata, C. Delgado Mendez, A. Dominguez, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, M. Errando, D. Ferenc, E. Fernández, R. Firpo, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, N. Galante, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, F. Goebel, D. Hadasch, M. Hayashida, A. Herrero, D. Höhne-Mönch, J. Hose, C. C. Hsu, S. Huber, T. Jogler, D. Kranich, A. La Barbera, A. Laille, E. Leonardo, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, M. López, E. Lorenz, P. Majumdar, G. Maneva, N. Mankuzhiyil, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, M. Meucci, M. Meyer, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, J. Moldón, M. Moles, A. Moralejo, D. Nieto, K. Nilsson, J. Ninkovic, I. Oya, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, M. Pasanen, D. Pascoli, F. Pauss, R. G. Pegna, M. A. Perez-Torres, M. Persic, L. Peruzzo, F. Prada, E. Prandini, N. Puchades, A. Raymers, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, M. Rissi, A. Robert, S. Rügamer, A. Saggion, T. Y. Saito, M. Salvati, M. Sanchez-Conde, P. Sartori, K. Satalecka, V. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, T. Schweizer, M. Shayduk, K. Shinozaki, S. N. Shore, N. Sidro, A. Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. Sillanpää, J. Sitarek, D. Sobczynska, F. Spanier, A. Stamerra, L. S. Stark, L. Takalo, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, D. Tescaro, M. Teshima, M. Tluczykont, D. F. Torres, N. Turini, H. Vankov, A. Venturini, V. Vitale, R. M. Wagner, W. Wittek, V. Zabalza, F. Zandanel, R. Zanin, J. Zapatero, V. Acciari, E. Aliu, T. Arlen, M. Beilicke, W. Benbow, S. M. Bradbury, J. H. Buckley, V. Bugaev, Y. Butt, K. Byrum, A. Cannon, A. Cesarini, Y. C. Chow, L. Ciupik, P. Cogan, P. Colin, W. Cui, M. K. Daniel, R. Dickherber, C. Duke, T. Ergin, S. J. Fegan, J. P. Finley, G. Finnegan, P. Fortin, A. Furniss, D. Gall, G. H. Gillanders, R. Guenette, G. Gyuk, J. Grube, D. Hanna, J. Holder, D. Horan, C. M. Hui, T. Brian Humensky, A. Imran, P. Kaaret, N. Karlsson, M. Kertzman, D. Kieda, J. Kildea, A. Konopelko, H. Krawczynski, F. Krennrich, M. J. Lang, S. LeBohec, G. Maier, A. McCann, M. McCutcheon, A. Milovanovic, P. Moriarty, T. Nagai, R. A. Ong, A. N. Otte, D. Pandel, J. S. Perkins, A. Pichel, M. Pohl, K. Ragan, L. C. Reyes, P. T. Reynolds, E. Roache, H. J. Rose, M. Schroedter, G. H. Sembroski, A. W. Smith, D. Steele, S. P. Swordy, M. Theiling, J. A. Toner, L. Valcarcel, A. Varlotta, S. P. Wakely, J. E. Ward, T. C. Weekes, A. Weinstein, D. A. Williams, S. Wissel, M. Wood, B. Zitzer, I., Donnarumma, V., Vittorini, S., Vercellone, E. D., Monte, M., Feroci, F., D'Ammando, L., Pacciani, A. W., Chen, M., Tavani, A., Bulgarelli, A., Giuliani, Longo, Francesco, G., Pucella, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, E., Costa, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, Y., Evangelista, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, M., Frutti, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, A., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, G., Porrovecchio, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, P., Santolamazza, F., Verrecchia, P., Giommi, S., Colafrancesco, L., Salotti, M., Villata, C. M., Raiteri, W. P., Chen, N. V., Efimova, B., Jordan, T. S., Konstantinova, E., Koptelova, O. M., Kurtanidze, V. M., Larionov, J. A., Ro, A. C., Sadun, H., Anderhub, L. A., Antonelli, P., Antoranz, M., Backe, C., Baixera, S., Balestra, J. A., Barrio, H., Bartko, D., Bastieri, J. B., Gonzalez, J. K., Becker, W., Bednarek, K., Berger, E., Bernardini, A., Biland, R. K., Bock, G., Bonnoli, P., Borda, D. B., Tridon, V., Bosch Ramon, T., Bretz, I., Britvitch, M., Camara, E., Carmona, A., Chilingarian, S., Commichau, J. L., Contrera, J., Cortina, M. T., Costado, S., Covino, V., Curtef, F., Dazzi, A. D., Angeli, E. D., Del Pozo, R. D., Reye, B. D., Lotto, M. D., Maria, F. D., Sabata, C. D., Mendez, A., Dominguez, D., Dorner, M., Doro, D., Elsaesser, M., Errando, D., Ferenc, E., Fernandez, R., Firpo, M. V., Fonseca, L., Font, N., Galante, R. J. G., Lopez, M., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, F., Goebel, D., Hadasch, M., Hayashida, A., Herrero, D., Hohne Monch, J., Hose, C. C., Hsu, S., Huber, T., Jogler, D., Kranich, A. L., Barbera, A., Laille, E., Leonardo, E., Lindfor, S., Lombardi, M., Lopez, E., Lorenz, P., Majumdar, G., Maneva, N., Mankuzhiyil, K., Mannheim, L., Maraschi, M., Mariotti, M., Martinez, D., Mazin, M., Meucci, M., Meyer, J. M., Miranda, R., Mirzoyan, J., Moldon, M., Mole, A., Moralejo, D., Nieto, K., Nilsson, J., Ninkovic, I., Oya, R., Paoletti, J. M., Parede, M., Pasanen, D., Pascoli, F., Pau, R. G., Pegna, M. A., Perez Torre, M., Persic, L., Peruzzo, F., Prada, E., Prandini, N., Puchade, A., Raymer, W., Rhode, M., Ribo, J., Rico, M., Rissi, A., Robert, S., Rugamer, A., Saggion, T. Y., Saito, M., Salvati, M., Sanchez Conde, P., Sartori, K., Satalecka, V., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, T., Schweizer, M., Shayduk, K., Shinozaki, S. N., Shore, N., Sidro, A., Sierpowska Bartosik, A., Sillanpaa, J., Sitarek, D., Sobczynska, F., Spanier, A., Stamerra, L. S., Stark, L., Takalo, F., Tavecchio, P., Temnikov, D., Tescaro, M., Teshima, M., Tluczykont, D. F., Torre, N., Turini, H., Vankov, A., Venturini, V., Vitale, R. M., Wagner, W., Wittek, V., Zabalza, F., Zandanel, R., Zanin, J., Zapatero, V., Acciari, E., Aliu, T., Arlen, M., Beilicke, W., Benbow, S. M., Bradbury, J. H., Buckley, V., Bugaev, Y., Butt, K., Byrum, A., Cannon, A., Cesarini, Y. C., Chow, L., Ciupik, P., Cogan, P., Colin, W., Cui, M. K., Daniel, R., Dickherber, C., Duke, T., Ergin, S. J., Fegan, J. P., Finley, G., Finnegan, P., Fortin, A., Furni, D., Gall, G. H., Gillander, R., Guenette, G., Gyuk, J., Grube, D., Hanna, J., Holder, D., Horan, C. M., Hui, T. B., Humensky, A., Imran, P., Kaaret, N., Karlsson, M., Kertzman, D., Kieda, J., Kildea, A., Konopelko, H., Krawczynski, F., Krennrich, M. J., Lang, S., Lebohec, G., Maier, A., Mccann, M., Mccutcheon, A., Milovanovic, P., Moriarty, T., Nagai, R. A., Ong, A. N., Otte, D., Pandel, J. S., Perkin, A., Pichel, M., Pohl, K., Ragan, L. C., Reye, P. T., Reynold, E., Roache, H. J., Rose, M., Schroedter, G. H., Sembroski, A. W., Smith, D., Steele, S. P., Swordy, M., Theiling, J. A., Toner, L., Valcarcel, A., Varlotta, S. P., Wakely, J. E., Ward, T. C., Weeke, A., Weinstein, D. A., William, S., Wissel, M., Wood, B., Zitzer, Donnarumma I, Vittorini V, Vercellone S, del Monte E, Feroci M, DAmmando F, Pacciani L, Chen A W, Tavani M, Bulgarelli A, Giuliani A, Longo F, Pucella G, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Caraveo P, Cattaneo P W, Cocco V, Costa E, DeParis G, Di Cocco G, Evangelista Y, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Frutti M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Morselli A, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Porrovecchio G, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Santolamazza P, Verrecchia F, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Salotti L, Villata M, Raiteri C M, Chen W P, Efimova N V, Jordan B, Konstantinova T S, Koptelova E, Kurtanidze O M, Larionov V M, Ros J A, Sadun A C, Anderhub H, Antonelli L A, Antoranz P, Backes M, Baixeras C, Balestra S, Barrio J A, Bartko H, Bastieri D, González J Becerra, Becker J K, Bednarek W, Berger K, Bernardini E, Biland A, Bock R K, Bonnoli G, Bordas P, Tridon D Borla, Bosch-Ramon V, Bretz T, Britvitch I, Camara M, Carmona E, Chilingarian A, Commichau S, Contreras J L, Cortina J, Costado M T, Covino S, Curtef V, Dazzi F, DeAngelis A, DeCea del Pozo E, de los Reyes R, DeLotto B, DeMaria M, DeSabata F, Mendez C Delgado, Dominguez A, Dorner D, Doro M, Elsaesser D, Errando M, Ferenc D, Fernández E, Firpo R, Fonseca M V, Font L, Galante N, García López R J, Garczarczyk M, Gaug M, Goebel F, Hadasch D, Hayashida M, Herrero A, Höhne-Mönch D, Hose J, Hsu C C, Huber S, Jogler T, Kranich D, La Barbera A, Laille A, Leonardo E, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, López M, Lorenz E, Majumdar P, Maneva G, Mankuzhiyil N, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Mariotti M, Martínez M, Mazin D, Meucci M, Meyer M, Miranda J M, Mirzoyan R, Moldón J, Moles M, Moralejo A, Nieto D, Nilsson K, Ninkovic J, Oya I, Paoletti R, Paredes J M, Pasanen M, Pascoli D, Pauss F, Pegna R G, Perez-Torres M A, Persic M, Peruzzo L, Prada F, Prandini E, Puchades N, Raymers A, Rhode W, Ribó M, Rico J, Rissi M, Robert A, Rügamer S, Saggion A, Saito T Y, Salvati M, Sanchez-Conde M, Sartori P, Satalecka K, Scalzotto V, Scapin V, Schweizer T, Shayduk M, Shinozaki K, Shore S N, Sidro N, Sierpowska-Bartosik A, Sillanpää A, Sitarek J, Sobczynska D, Spanier F, Stamerra A, Stark L S, Takalo L, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Tescaro D, Teshima M, Tluczykont M, Torres D F, Turini N, Vankov H, Venturini A, Vitale V, Wagner R M, Wittek W, Zabalza V, Zandanel F, Zanin R, Zapatero J, Acciari V, Aliu E, Arlen T, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Bradbury S M, Buckley J H, Bugaev V, Butt Y, Byrum K, Cannon A, Cesarini A, Chow Y C, Ciupik L, Cogan P, Colin P, Cui W, Daniel M K, Dickherber R, Duke C, Ergin T, Fegan S J, Finley J P, Finnegan G, Fortin P, Furniss A, Gall D, Gillanders G H, Guenette R, Gyuk G, Grube J, Hanna D, Holder J, Horan D, Hui C M, Humensky T Brian, Imran A, Kaaret P, Karlsson N, Kertzman M, Kieda D, Kildea J, Konopelko A, Krawczynski H, Krennrich F, Lang M J, LeBohec S, Maier G, McCann A, McCutcheon M, Milovanovic A, Moriarty P, Nagai T, Ong R A, Otte A N, Pandel D, Perkins J S, Pichel A, Pohl M, Ragan K, Reyes L C, Reynolds P T, Roache E, Rose H J, Schroedter M, Sembroski G H, Smith A W, Steele D, Swordy S P, Theiling M, Toner J A, Valcarcel L, Varlotta A, Wakely S P, Ward J E, Weekes T C, Weinstein A, Williams D A, Wissel S, Wood M, and Zitzer B
Subjects: campaign, Raigs còsmics, BL Lacertae: individual: Mrk421, galaxies: jets, X-Rays: Galaxies, gamma rays: observations, radiation mechanisms: nonthermal, bl-lacertae objects, blazars, Flux, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, law.invention, Raigs gamma, law, optical, MAGIC (telescope), Agile, blazr, X-ray, gamma, high energy observation, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, webt, Physics, x-ray-spectra, Astrophysics (astro-ph), gamma-rays, lac objects, xmm-newton, Spectral energy distribution, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Raigs X, Electricidad, Flare, outburst, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, 0103 physical sciences, X-rays, BL Lacertae objects: individual (Mrk 421) – gamma rays: observations – galaxies: jets – radiation mechanisms: non-thermal – X-rays: galaxies, Blazar, Cosmic rays, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Active Galactic Nuclei, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Light curve, Galaxies, Galàxies, MAGIC telescope, Space and Planetary Science, Very High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, ddc:520, AGILE satellite, bl lacertae objects: individual (mrk 421), Energy (signal processing), Lepton
Abstract: We present optical, X-ray, high energy ($\lessapprox 30$ GeV) and very high energy ($\gtrapprox 100$ GeV; VHE) observations of the high-frequency peaked blazar Mrk 421 taken between 2008 May 24 and June 23. A high energy $\gamma$-ray signal was detected by AGILE with \sqrt{TS}=4.5 on June 9--15, with $F(E>100 \mathrm{MeV})= 42^{+14}_{-12}\times 10^{-8}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. This flaring state is brighter than the average flux observed by EGRET by a factor of $\sim$3, but still consistent with the highest EGRET flux. In hard X-rays (20-60 keV) SuperAGILE resolved a 5-day flare (June 9-15) peaking at $\sim$ 55 mCrab. SuperAGILE, RXTE/ASM and Swift/BAT data show a correlated flaring structure between soft and hard X-rays. Hints of the same flaring behavior are also detected in the simultaneous optical data provided by the GASP-WEBT. A Swift/XRT observation near the flaring maximum revealed the highest 2-10 keV flux ever observed from this source, of 2.6 $\times 10^{-9}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ (i.e. > 100 mCrab). A peak synchrotron energy of $\sim$3 keV was derived, higher than typical values of $\sim$0.5-1 keV. VHE observations with MAGIC and VERITAS on June 6-8 show the flux peaking in a bright state, well correlated with the X-rays. This extraordinary set of simultaneous data, covering a twelve-decade spectral range, allowed for a deep analysis of the spectral energy distribution as well as of correlated light curves. The $\gamma$-ray flare can be interpreted within the framework of the synchrotron self-Compton model in terms of a rapid acceleration of leptons in the jet., Comment: accepted for publication in ApJL, 7 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Published: 2009

41. Detection of Gamma-Ray Emission from the Vela Pulsar Wind Nebula with AGILE

Author: A. Pellizzoni, M. Galli, A. Giuliani, F. Verrecchia, Francesco Lazzarotto, E. Vallazza, C. Pittori, T. Contessi, N. D'Amico, G. Piano, G. De Paris, A. Argan, Sandro Mereghetti, E. Rossi, E. Scalise, A. Morselli, Arnaud Ferrari, E. Striani, P. Santolamazza, Andrea Bulgarelli, F. Fuschino, I. Lapshov, S. Colafrancesco, L. Salotti, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, Massimo Rapisarda, G. Di Cocco, A. Possenti, Enrico Costa, S. Sabatini, Alda Rubini, P. W. Cattaneo, G. Pucella, P. Picozza, Marco Tavani, G. Barbiellini, Elena Moretti, Martino Marisaldi, A. Rappoldi, D. Zanello, M. Prest, V. Cocco, M. Mastropietro, F. Perotti, M. Burgay, V. Vittorini, A. W. Chen, Claudio Labanti, A. Zambra, Paolo Lipari, P. Giommi, J. Palfreyman, Giovanni F. Bignami, P. A. Caraveo, M. Trifoglio, M. Fiorini, E. Del Monte, Aidan Hotan, F. Longo, Angelo Antonelli, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, Maura Pilia, Alessio Trois, Paolo Esposito, Fulvio Gianotti, G. Di Persio, Filippo D'Ammando, Paolo Soffitta, S. Vercellone, Pellizzoni A, Trois A, Tavani M, Pilia M, Giuliani A, Pucella G, Esposito P, Sabatini S, Piano G, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Bulgarelli A, Burgay M, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, Cocco V, Contessi T, Costa E, DAmmando F, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Hotan A, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mereghetti S, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Palfreyman J, Perotti F, Picozza P, Pittori C, Possenti A, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rossi E, Rubini A, Santolamazza P, Scalise E, Soffitta P, Striani E, Trifoglio M, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Verrecchia F, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Antonelli A, Salotti L, D'Amico N, Bignami GF, A., Pellizzoni, A., Troi, M., Tavani, M., Pilia, A., Giuliani, G., Pucella, P., Esposito, S., Sabatini, G., Piano, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, A., Bulgarelli, M., Burgay, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, A. W., Chen, V., Cocco, T., Contessi, E., Costa, F., D'Ammando, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, G. D., Persio, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, A., Hotan, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, S., Mereghetti, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, J., Palfreyman, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, C., Pittori, A., Possenti, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, E., Rossi, A., Rubini, P., Santolamazza, E., Scalise, P., Soffitta, E., Striani, M., Trifoglio, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, F., Verrecchia, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, P., Giommi, S., Colafrancesco, A., Antonelli, L., Salotti, N., D'Amico, and G. F., Bignami
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Vela, Pulsar wind nebula, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, gamma detection, Relativistic particle, AGILE, Pulsar Wind Nebulae, Pulsar, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, AGILE satellite, education, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, pulsar, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Vela Pulsar Wind Nebula, AGILE, gamma-rays, Gamma ray, Astronomy, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Phenomenology (particle physics), X-ray pulsar
Abstract: Pulsars are known to power winds of relativistic particles that can produce bright nebulae by interacting with the surrounding medium. These pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are observed in the radio, optical, x-rays and, in some cases, also at TeV energies, but the lack of information in the gamma-ray band prevents from drawing a comprehensive multiwavelength picture of their phenomenology and emission mechanisms. Using data from the AGILE satellite, we detected the Vela pulsar wind nebula in the energy range from 100 MeV to 3 GeV. This result constrains the particle population responsible for the GeV emission, probing multivavelength PWN models, and establishes a class of gamma-ray emitters that could account for a fraction of the unidentified Galactic gamma-ray sources., Comment: Accepted by Science; first published online on December 31, 2009 in Science Express. Science article and Supporting Online Material are available at http://www.sciencemag.org
Published: 2009
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42. High energy variability of 3C 273 during the AGILE multiwavelength campaign of December 2007-January 2008

Author: F. Perotti, V. Vittorini, Y. Evangelista, Marco Feroci, M. Trifoglio, Luigi Pacciani, Mariateresa Fiocchi, A. W. Chen, E. Vallazza, L. A. Antonelli, D. Impiombato, Sandro Mereghetti, Paolo Lipari, P. W. Cattaneo, C. Pittori, V. Cocco, Claudio Labanti, T. Froysland, A. Pellizzoni, Dario Gasparrini, A. Argan, Gino Tosti, A. Giuliani, Andrea Bulgarelli, F. Boffelli, Enrico Costa, I. Donnarumma, L. Salotti, F. Fuschino, G. Di Cocco, I. Lapshov, Fulvio Gianotti, M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, F. Verrecchia, D. Zanello, Francesco Lazzarotto, P. A. Caraveo, Marco Tavani, Massimo Rapisarda, Alessio Trois, M. Prest, Sergio Colafrancesco, Martino Marisaldi, Filippo D'Ammando, Paolo Soffitta, G. Stratta, Francesco Longo, S. Vercellone, A. Morselli, Paolo Giommi, Guido Barbiellini, S. Cutini, E. Del Monte, G. Pucella, L., Pacciani, I., Donnarumma, V., Vittorini, F., D'Ammando, M. T., Fiocchi, D., Impiombato, G., Stratta, F., Verrecchia, A., Bulgarelli, A. W., Chen, A., Giuliani, Longo, Francesco, G., Pucella, S., Vercellone, M., Tavani, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, P. A., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, E., Costa, E. D., Monte, G. D., Cocco, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, T., Froysland, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, A., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, G., Tosti, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, D., Zanello, L. A., Antonelli, S., Colafrancesco, S., Cutini, D., Gasparrini, P., Giommi, C., Pittori, L., Salotti, Pacciani L, Donnarumma I, Vittorini V, DAmmando F, Fiocchi MT, Impiombato D, Stratta G, Verrecchia F, Bulgarelli A, Chen AW, Giuliani A, Longo F, Pucella G, Vercellone S, Tavani M, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Caraveo PA, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Costa E, Del Monte E, Di Cocco G, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Froysland T, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morselli A, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Tosti G, Trois A, Vallazza E, Zanello D, Antonelli LA, Colafrancesco S, Cutini S, Gasparrini D, Giommi P, Pittori C, and Salotti L
Subjects: High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Active Galactic Nuclei, AGILE satellite, Agile, Photon, multi-wavelength campaign, radio quasar, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Electron, gamma rays: observations – galaxies: active – galaxies: quasar: general – galaxies: individual: 3C 273 – radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Observatory, Egret, education, Physics, education.field_of_study, biology, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Light curve, biology.organism_classification, Space and Planetary Science
Abstract: We report the results of a 3-weeks multi-wavelength campaign on the flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 273 carried out with the AGILE gamma-ray mission, covering the 30 MeV -50 GeV and 18-60 keV, the REM observatory (covering the near-IR and optical), Swift (near-UV/Optical, 0.2-10 keV and 15-50 keV), INTEGRAL (3 - 200 keV) and Rossi XTE (2-12 keV). This is the first observational campaign including gamma-ray data, after the last EGRET observations, more than 8 years ago. Our study was carried out using simultaneous light curves of the source flux from all the involved instruments, in the different energy ranges, in search for correlated variability. Then a time-resolved SED was used for a detailed physical modelling of the emission mechanisms. The source was detected in gamma-rays only in the second week of our campaign. We found indication of a possible anti-correlation between the emission at gamma-rays and at soft and hard X-rays, supported by the complete set of instruments. Instead, optical data do not show short term variability. Only in two EGRET observations (in 1993 and 1997) 3C 273 showed intra-observation variability in gamma-rays. The SED with almost simultaneous data, partially covers the regions of the synchrotron emission, the big blue bump, and the inverse-Compton. The soft X-ray emission is consistent with combined SSC and EC mechanisms, while hard X and gamma-ray emissions are compatible with EC from thermal photons of the disk. The time evolution of the SED is well interpreted and modelled in terms of an acceleration episode of the electrons population, leading to a shift in the IC peak towards higher energies., Comment: Regular paper, Acceped by Astronomy & Astrophysics, 25 pages, 7 tables, 5 figures
Published: 2009

43. DISCOVERY OF NEW GAMMA-RAY PULSARS WITH AGILE

Author: Francesco Longo, S. Sabatini, Maura Pilia, Y. Evangelista, Alessio Trois, A. De Luca, Teresa Mineo, G. De Paris, P. A. Caraveo, D. Zanello, Marco Tavani, Fulvio Gianotti, V. Vittorini, Martino Marisaldi, G. Di Cocco, M. Trifoglio, A. W. Chen, Massimiliano Fiorini, B. Preger, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, Ismaël Cognard, Patrick Weltevrede, F. Fornari, Paolo Esposito, M. Prest, Claudio Labanti, A. Giuliani, V. Cocco, N. D'Amico, Massimo Rapisarda, Sandro Mereghetti, P. W. Cattaneo, A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, F. Perotti, Enrico Costa, I. Lapshov, Simon Johnston, I. Donnarumma, L. Salotti, A. Zambra, Francesco Lazzarotto, E. Del Monte, F. Boffelli, M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, F. Verrecchia, Alessandro Corongiu, C. Pittori, T. Froysland, A. Pellizzoni, Paolo Lipari, Giovanni F. Bignami, Gilles Theureau, F. Fuschino, M. Burgay, A. Morselli, G. Pucella, Michael Kramer, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, S. Vercellone, G. Piano, Guido Barbiellini, P. Santolamazza, Paolo Giommi, Filippo D'Ammando, Paolo Soffitta, Andrea Possenti, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Milano (OAM), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma (OAR), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (OABO), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics (JBCA), University of Manchester [Manchester], Università degli studi di Trieste, Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Sezione di Roma 1] (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS), Pellizzoni A, Pilia M, Possenti A, Chen A, Giuliani A, Trois A, Caraveo P, Del Monte E, Fornari F, Fuschino F, Mereghetti S, Tavani M, Argan A, Burgay M, Cognard I, Corongiu A, Costa E, D'Amico N, De Luca A, Esposito P, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Johnston S, Kramer M, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Theureau G, Weltevrede P, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Bulgarelli A, Cattaneo P W, Cocco V, DAmmando F, DeParis G, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov, I., Lazzarotto, F., Lipari P, Mineo T, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Sabatini S, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Preger B, Santolamazza P, Giommi P, Salotti L, Bignami G F, A., Pellizzoni, M., Pilia, A., Possenti, A., Chen, A., Giuliani, A., Troi, P., Caraveo, E. D., Monte, F., Fornari, F., Fuschino, S., Mereghetti, M., Tavani, A., Argan, M., Burgay, I., Cognard, A., Corongiu, E., Costa, N., D'Amico, A. D., Luca, P., Esposito, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, S., Johnston, M., Kramer, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, G., Theureau, P., Weltevrede, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, A., Bulgarelli, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, F., D'Ammando, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, I., Donnarumma, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, T., Mineo, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Prest, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, S., Sabatini, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, B., Preger, P., Santolamazza, P., Giommi, L., Salotti, and G. F., Bignami
Subjects: Agile, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, AGILE satellite, Pulsars, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, radio pulsar, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, stars: neutron, Pulsar, Millisecond pulsar, pulsars: general, 0103 physical sciences, Egret, pulsars: individual (PSR J2229+6114 PSR B1509–58 PSR B1821–24), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), biology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Gamma ray, Static timing analysis, Astronomy and Astrophysics, biology.organism_classification, gamma rays: observations, pulsars: general, pulsars: individual: PSR J2229 + 6114 PSR B1509 – 58 PSR B1821 – 24, stars: neutron, Space and Planetary Science, Globular cluster, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, gamma rays: observations
Abstract: Using gamma-ray data collected by the Astrorivelatore Gamma ad Immagini LEggero (AGILE) satellite over a period of almost one year (from 2007 July to 2008 June), we searched for pulsed signals from 35 potentially interesting radio pulsars, ordered according to $F_{\gamma}\propto \sqrt{\dot{E}} d^{-2}$ and for which contemporary or recent radio data were available. AGILE detected three new top-ranking nearby and Vela-like pulsars with good confidence both through timing and spatial analysis. Among the newcomers we find pulsars with very high rotational energy losses, such as the remarkable PSR B1509-58 with a magnetic field in excess of 10^13 Gauss, and PSR J2229+6114 providing a reliable identification for the previously unidentified EGRET source 3EG 2227+6122. Moreover, the powerful millisecond pulsar B1821-24, in the globular cluster M28, is detected during a fraction of the observations. Four other promising gamma-ray pulsar candidates, among which is the notable J2043+2740 with an age in excess of 1 million years, show a possible detection in the timing analysis only and deserve confirmation., Comment: Minor changes to match the final ApJ version. 5 pages in emulate-apj style, 1 table, 3 figures
Published: 2009

44. AGILE observation of a gamma-ray flare from the blazar 3C 279

Author: A. Morselli, A. W. Chen, P. Giommi, Sandro Mereghetti, P. W. Cattaneo, F. Perotti, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, A. Argan, A. Trois, Andrea Bulgarelli, S. Colafrancesco, Martino Marisaldi, F. Lazzarotto, Enrico Costa, G. De Paris, P. Picozza, M. Prest, F. Fornari, M. Rapisarda, P. Soffitta, Y. Lapshov, F. Longo, A. Pellizzoni, F. Fuschino, M. Galli, F. Verrecchia, L. Salotti, Marco Tavani, A. Giuliani, B. Preger, C. Pittori, T. Froysland, P. A. Caraveo, G. Tosti, Fulvio Gianotti, V. Cocco, M. Trifoglio, Paolo Lipari, E. Vallazza, A. Rappoldi, Dario Gasparrini, A. Zambra, F. D'Ammando, M. Feroci, M. Fiorini, E. Del Monte, G. Pucella, Domenico Impiombato, Guido Barbiellini, V. Vittorini, P. Santolamazza, Claudio Labanti, D. Zanello, G. Di Cocco, F. Boelli, S. Cutini, L. Pacciani, S. Vercellone, Giuliani A, DAmmando F, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Chen AW, Donnarumma I, Pacciani L, Pucella G, Trois A, Bulgarelli A, Longo F, Tavani M, Tosti G, Impiombato D, Argan A, Barbiellini F, Boffelli F, Caraveo PA, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Costa E, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Fiorini M, Fornari F, Froysland T, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov Y, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morselli A, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Vallazza E, Zambra A, Zanello D, Cutini S, Gasparrini D, Pittori C, Preger B, Santolamazza P, Verrecchia F, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Salotti L, A., Giuliani, F., D'Ammando, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, A. W., Chen, I., Donnarumma, L., Pacciani, G., Pucella, A., Troi, A., Bulgarelli, Longo, Francesco, M., Tavani, G., Tosti, D., Impiombato, A., Argan, F., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, P. A., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, E., Costa, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, F., Fornari, T., Froysland, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, Y., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, A., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, E., Vallazza, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, S., Cutini, D., Gasparrini, C., Pittori, B., Preger, P., Santolamazza, F., Verrecchia, P., Giommi, S., Colafrancesco, and L., Salotti
Subjects: High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Active Galactic Nuclei, AGILE satellite, Agile, Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, X and gamma emission, Astrophysics, gamma-ray flare, law.invention, Telescope, law, gamma rays: observations, galaxies: quasars: individual: 3C 279, quasar, Blazar, Physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Compton scattering, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Space and Planetary Science, Spectral energy distribution, Flare
Abstract: Context. We report the detection by the AGILE satellite of an intense gamma-ray flare from the gamma-ray source 3EG J1255-0549, associated to the Flat Spectrum Radio Quasar 3C 279, during the AGILE pointings towards the Virgo Region on 2007 July 9-13. Aims. The simultaneous optical, X-ray and gamma-ray covering allows us to study the spectral energy distribution (SED) and the theoretical models relative to the flaring episode of mid-July. Methods. AGILE observed the source during its Science Performance Verification Phase with its two co-aligned imagers: the Gamma- Ray Imaging Detector (GRID) and the hard X-ray imager (Super-AGILE) sensitive in the 30 MeV - 50 GeV and 18 - 60 keV respectively. During the AGILE observation the source was monitored simultaneously in optical band by the REM telescope and in the X-ray band by the Swift satellite through 4 ToO observations. Results. During 2007 July 9-13 July 2007, AGILE-GRID detected gamma-ray emission from 3C 279, with the source at ~2 deg from the center of the Field of View, with an average flux of (210+-38) 10^-8 ph cm^-2 s^-1 for energy above 100 MeV. No emission was detected by Super-AGILE, with a 3-sigma upper limit of 10 mCrab. During the observation lasted about 4 days no significative gamma-ray flux variation was observed. Conclusions. The Spectral Energy Distribution is modelled with a homogeneous one-zone Synchrotron Self Compton emission plus the contributions by external Compton scattering of direct disk radiation and, to a lesser extent, by external Compton scattering of photons from the Broad Line Region., Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2009

45. AGILE detection of variable gamma-ray activity from the blazar S5 0716+714 in September-October 2007

Author: F. Perotti, A. W. Chen, P. Giommi, Dario Gasparrini, Paolo Lipari, L. A. Antonelli, F. Boffelli, Arnaud Ferrari, Sandro Mereghetti, P. W. Cattaneo, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, D. Carosati, D. Zanello, C. Labanti, Francesco Lazzarotto, C. Pittori, Martino Marisaldi, T. Froysland, A. Argan, M. Pasanen, Valeri M. Larionov, A. Pellizzoni, Andrea Bulgarelli, Enrico Costa, Massimo Frutti, I. Donnarumma, S. Vercellone, G. De Paris, I. Lapshov, F. Fuschino, Massimo Rapisarda, Marco Tavani, Marcello Mastropietro, Fulvio Gianotti, A. Morselli, P. Caraveo, Sergio Colafrancesco, M. Prest, M. Villata, E. Del Monte, Paolo Soffitta, A. Giuliani, Geiland Porrovecchio, M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, Alessio Trois, Ennio Morelli, F. Verrecchia, Massimiliano Fiorini, S. Cutini, P. Santolamazza, G. Pucella, Alda Rubini, Omar M. Kurtanidze, Guido Barbiellini, Y. Evangelista, V. Vittorini, M. Trifoglio, L. Salotti, A. Zambra, Filippo D'Ammando, C. M. Raiteri, Francesco Longo, V. Cocco, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, G. Di Cocco, Chen AW, DAmmando F, Villata M, Raiteri CM, Tavani M, Vittorini V, Bulgarelli A, Donnarumma I, Ferrari A, Giuliani A, Longo F, Pacciani L, Pucella G, Vercellone S, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Caraveo P, Carosati D, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Costa E, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Frutti M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Kurtanidze OM, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Larionov VM, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Morselli A, Pasanen M, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Porrovecchio G, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Zambra A, Zanello D, Cutini S, Gasparrini D, Pittori C, Santolamazza P, Verrecchia F, Giommi P, Antonelli LA, Colafrancesco S, Salotti L, A. W., Chen, F., D'Ammando, M., Villata, C. M., Raiteri, M., Tavani, V., Vittorini, A., Bulgarelli, I., Donnarumma, A., Ferrari, A., Giuliani, Longo, Francesco, L., Pacciani, G., Pucella, S., Vercellone, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, P., Caraveo, D., Carosati, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, E., Costa, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, M., Frutti, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, O. M., Kurtanidze, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, V. M., Larionov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, A., Morselli, M., Pasanen, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, G., Porrovecchio, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, S., Cutini, D., Gasparrini, C., Pittori, P., Santolamazza, F., Verrecchia, P., Giommi, L. A., Antonelli, S., Colafrancesco, and L., Salotti
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Active Galactic Nuclei, AGILE satellite, Photon, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Gamma ray, Spectral density, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, BL Lac S5 0716+714, Astrophysics, Light curve, law.invention, Space and Planetary Science, law, gamma rays: observations – galaxies: BL Lacertae objects: general – galaxies: BL Lacertae objects: individual: S5 0716+714, Blazar, Energy (signal processing), Flare, BL Lac object
Abstract: We report the gamma-ray activity from the intermediate BL Lac S5 0716+714 during observations acquired by the AGILE satellite in September and October 2007. These detections of activity were contemporaneous with a period of intense optical activity, which was monitored by GASP-WEBT. This simultaneous optical and gamma-ray coverage allows us to study in detail the light curves, time lags, gamma-ray photon spectrum, and Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) during different states of activity. AGILE observed the source with its two co-aligned imagers, the Gamma-Ray Imaging Detector (GRID) and the hard X-ray imager (Super-AGILE), which are sensitive to the 30 MeV-50 GeV and 18-60 keV energy ranges, respectively. Observations were completed in two different periods, the first between 2007 September 4-23, and the second between 2007 October 24-November 1. Over the period 2007 September 7-12, AGILE detected gamma-ray emission from the source at a significance level of 9.6-sigma with an average flux (E>100 MeV) of (97 +/- 15) x 10^{-8} photons cm^{-2} s^{-1}, which increased by a factor of at least four within three days. No emission was detected by Super-AGILE for the energy range 18-60 keV to a 3-sigma upper limit of 10 mCrab in 335 ksec. In October 2007, AGILE repointed toward S5 0716+714 following an intense optical flare, measuring an average flux of (47 +/- 11) x 10^{-8} photons cm^{-2} s^{-1} at a significance level of 6.0-sigma. The gamma-ray flux of S5 0716+714 detected by AGILE is the highest ever detected for this blazar and one of the most intense gamma-ray fluxes detected from a BL Lac object. The SED of mid-September appears to be consistent with the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission model, but only by including two SSC components of different variabilities., 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted by A&A Letters 18/8/2008
Published: 2008

46. AGILE detection of delayed gamma-ray emission from GRB 080514B

Author: Paolo Soffitta, Martino Marisaldi, A. Giuliani, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, Francesco Longo, S. Cutini, Y. Evangelista, Andrea Rossi, I. G. Mitrofanov, K. L. Page, I. Donnarumma, A. W. Chen, C. Pittori, F. Perotti, Marco Feroci, Marco Tavani, Luigi Pacciani, Fulvio Gianotti, A. Pellizzoni, Sandro Mereghetti, P. W. Cattaneo, F. Fuschino, S. Vercellone, William V. Boynton, Kevin Hurley, E. Del Monte, Francesco Lazzarotto, A. Argan, Alessio Trois, Andrea Bulgarelli, Enrico Costa, P. A. Caraveo, P. Lipari, B. Preger, Paolo Esposito, Filippo D'Ammando, D. Zanello, G. Piano, M. Trifoglio, Guido Barbiellini, F. Fornari, M. Prest, G. Pucella, M. Fiorini, P. Santolamazza, Neil Gehrels, Massimo Rapisarda, M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, F. Verrecchia, I. Lapshov, F. Boffelli, A. Morselli, David N. Burrows, L. Salotti, Claudio Labanti, G. Di Cocco, Giuliani A, Mereghetti S, Fornari F, Del Monte E, Feroci M, Marisaldi M, Esposito P, Perotti F, Tavani M, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, Costa E, DAmmando F, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Fiorini M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Piano G, Picozza P, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Zanello D, Salotti L, Cutini S, Pittori C, Preger B, Santolamazza P, Verrecchia F, Gehrels N, Page K, Burrows D, Rossi A, Hurley K, Mitrofanov I, Boynton W, A., Giuliani, S., Mereghetti, F., Fornari, E. D., Monte, M., Feroci, M., Marisaldi, P., Esposito, F., Perotti, M., Tavani, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, A. W., Chen, E., Costa, F., D'Ammando, G. D., Cocco, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, M., Fiorini, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Prest, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, D., Zanello, L., Salotti, S., Cutini, C., Pittori, B., Preger, P., Santolamazza, F., Verrecchia, N., Gehrel, K., Page, D., Burrow, A., Rossi, K., Hurley, I., Mitrofanov, and W., Boynton
Subjects: Photon, gamma rays: bursts, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, AGILE, satellite, GRB 080514B, X and gamma ray, Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, law.invention, Telescope, law, Egret, Physics, biology, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Dead time, biology.organism_classification, Gamma-ray Bursts, AGILE satellite, Space and Planetary Science, Gamma-ray Burst, Interplanetary spaceflight, Gamma-ray burst
Abstract: GRB 080514B is the first gamma ray burst (GRB), since the time of EGRET, for which individual photons of energy above several tens of MeV have been detected with a pair-conversion tracker telescope. This burst was discovered with the Italian AGILE gamma-ray satellite. The GRB was localized with a cooperation by AGILE and the interplanetary network (IPN). The gamma-ray imager (GRID) estimate of the position, obtained before the SuperAGILE-IPN localization, is found to be consistent with the burst position. The hard X-ray emission observed by SuperAGILE lasted about 7 s, while there is evidence that the emission above 30 MeV extends for a longer duration (at least ~13 s). Similar behavior was seen in the past from a few other GRBs observed with EGRET. However, the latter measurements were affected, during the brightest phases, by instrumental dead time effects, resulting in only lower limits to the burst intensity. Thanks to the small dead time of the AGILE/GRID we could assess that in the case of GRB 080514B the gamma-ray to X-ray flux ratio changes significantly between the prompt and extended emission phase., Comment: A&A letters, in press
Published: 2008

47. AGILE detection of intense gamma-ray emission from the blazar PKS 1510-089

Author: C. Pittori, T. Froysland, A. Pellizzoni, Alessio Trois, Margo F. Aller, H. D. Aller, F. Boffelli, Filippo D'Ammando, Marco Feroci, D. Zanello, Luigi Pacciani, G. Pucella, F. Perotti, Fulvio Gianotti, C. M. Raiteri, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, E. Del Monte, Francesco Longo, A. W. Chen, G. De Paris, V. Cocco, Francesco Lazzarotto, Y. Evangelista, Marco Tavani, S. Cutini, G. Di Cocco, M. Prest, Sergio Colafrancesco, M. Villata, L. A. Antonelli, Sandro Mereghetti, P. W. Cattaneo, I. Donnarumma, A. Argan, M. Fiorini, Massimo Rapisarda, D. Carosati, P. Lipari, Andrea Bulgarelli, Dario Gasparrini, F. Fuschino, Enrico Costa, Martino Marisaldi, V. Vittorini, Valeri M. Larionov, M. Trifoglio, A. Giuliani, I. Lapshov, A. Morselli, P. A. Caraveo, Claudio Labanti, M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, F. Verrecchia, L. Salotti, A. Zambra, Guido Barbiellini, R. Ligustri, Paolo Giommi, S. Vercellone, Paolo Soffitta, G., Pucella, V., Vittorini, F., D'Ammando, M., Tavani, C. M., Raiteri, M., Villata, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, A. W., Chen, V., Cocco, E., Costa, E., Delmonte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, A., Giuliani, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, L. A., Antonelli, S., Colafrancesco, S., Cutini, D., Gasparrini, P., Giommi, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, L., Salotti, M. F., Aller, H. D., Aller, D., Carosati, V. M., Larionov, R., Ligustri, Pucella G, Vittorini V, DAmmando F, Tavani M, Raiteri CM, Villata M, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, Cocco V, Costa E, DelMonte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Giuliani A, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Zambra A, Zanello D, Antonelli LA, Colafrancesco S, Cutini S, Gasparrini D, Giommi P, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Salotti L, Aller MF, Aller HD, Carosati D, Larionov VM, and Ligustri R
Subjects: High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Active Galactic Nuclei, AGILE satellite, Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, satellite, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Photon energy, law.invention, Telescope, AGILE, law, gamma ray satellite, quasar, Blazar, Physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, gamma rays: observations -- radiation mechanisms: non-thermal -- quasars: individual: PKS 1510-089, Space and Planetary Science, Spectral energy distribution, Flare
Abstract: We report the detection by the AGILE (Astro-rivelatore Gamma a Immagini LEggero) satellite of an intense gamma-ray flare from the source AGL J1511-0909, associated with the powerful quasar PKS 1510-089, during ten days of observations from 23 August to 1 September 2007. During the observation period, the source was in optical decrease following a flaring event monitored by the GLAST-AGILE Support Program (GASP) of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT). The simultaneous gamma-ray, optical, and radio coverage allows us to study the spectral energy distribution and the theoretical models based on the synchrotron and inverse Compton (IC) emission mechanisms. AGILE observed the source with its two co-aligned imagers, the Gamma-Ray Imaging Detector and the hard X-ray imager Super-AGILE sensitive in the 30 MeV - 50 GeV and 18 - 60 keV bands, respectively. Between 23 and 27 August 2007, AGILE detected gamma-ray emission from PKS 1510-089 when this source was located about 50 degrees off-axis, with an average flux of (270 +/- 65) x 10^{-8} photons cm^{-2} s^{-1} for photon energy above 100 MeV. In the following period, 28 August - 1 September, after a satellite re-pointing, AGILE detected the source at about 35 degrees off-axis, with an average flux (E > 100 MeV) of (195 +/- 30) x 10^{-8} photons cm^{-2} s^{-1}. No emission was detected by Super-AGILE, with a 3-sigma upper limit of 45 mCrab in 200 ksec. The spectral energy distribution is modelled with a homogeneous one-zone synchrotron self Compton (SSC) emission plus contributions by external photons: the SSC emission contributes primarily to the X-ray band, whereas the contribution of the IC from the external disc and the broad line region match the hard gamma-ray spectrum observed., 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2008
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48. Gamma-ray burst detection with the AGILE mini-calorimeter

Author: Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, F. Fuschino, Marco Tavani, G. Di Persio, Sergio Colafrancesco, A. Argan, Claudio Labanti, Francesco Longo, A. Morselli, Andrea Bulgarelli, F. Mauri, Massimo Frutti, Martino Marisaldi, Geiland Porrovecchio, Enrico Costa, Filippo D'Ammando, Y. Evangelista, Paolo Soffitta, S. Cutini, V. Vittorini, L. A. Antonelli, F. Liello, Attilio Ferrari, C. Pittori, E. Mattaini, G. Di Cocco, Sandro Mereghetti, P. W. Cattaneo, M. Trifoglio, A. W. Chen, Fulvio Gianotti, E. Del Monte, G. De Paris, Dario Gasparrini, E. Rossi, Guido Barbiellini, V. Cocco, T. Froysland, P. Santolamazza, Francesco Lazzarotto, A. Pellizzoni, C. Pontoni, Massimo Rapisarda, Alda Rubini, Paolo Giommi, S. Vercellone, I. Lapshov, I. Donnarumma, A. Giuliani, Ennio Morelli, Massimiliano Fiorini, Alessandro Traci, P. Lipari, M. Basset, F. Boffelli, Alessio Trois, A. Mauri, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, L. Salotti, A. Zambra, B. Preger, Marcello Mastropietro, M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, F. Verrecchia, D. Zanello, G. Pucella, F. Perotti, P. A. Caraveo, L. Foggetta, M. Prest, Marisaldi M, Labanti C, Fuschino F, Galli M, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Basset M, Boffelli F, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen A, Cocco V, Costa E, DAmmando F, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Foggetta L, Froysland T, Frutti M, Gianotti F, Giuliani A, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Liello F, Lipari P, Longo F, Mastropietro M, Mattaini E, Mauri A, Mauri F, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Pontoni C, Porrovecchio G, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rossi E, Rubini A, Soffitta P, Tavani M, Traci A, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Cutini S, Gasparrini D, Preger B, Santolamazza P, Giommi P, Antonelli LA, Colafrancesco S, Salotti L, M., Marisaldi, C., Labanti, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, M., Basset, F., Boffelli, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, A., Chen, V., Cocco, E., Costa, F., D'Ammando, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, G. D., Persio, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, L., Foggetta, T., Froysland, M., Frutti, F., Gianotti, A., Giuliani, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, F., Liello, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Mastropietro, E., Mattaini, A., Mauri, F., Mauri, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, C., Pontoni, G., Porrovecchio, M., Prest, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, E., Rossi, A., Rubini, P., Soffitta, M., Tavani, A., Traci, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, S., Cutini, D., Gasparrini, B., Preger, P., Santolamazza, P., Giommi, L. A., Antonelli, S., Colafrancesco, and L., Salotti
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Scintillator, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, AGILE satellite, minicalorimeter, Physics, Millisecond, gamma rays: bursts, instrumentation: detectors, Calorimeter (particle physics), Payload, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Gamma-ray Bursts, Space and Planetary Science, Gamma-ray Burst, Satellite, Gamma-ray burst, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The Mini-Calorimeter (MCAL) instrument on-board the AGILE satellite is a non-imaging gamma-ray scintillation detector sensitive in the 300keV-100MeV energy range with a total on-axis geometrical area of 1400cm^2. Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are one of the main scientific targets of the AGILE mission and the MCAL design as an independent self-triggering detector makes it a valuable all-sky monitor for GRBs. Furthermore MCAL is one of the very few operative instruments with microsecond timing capabilities in the MeV range. In this paper the results of GRB detections with MCAL after one year of operation in space are presented and discussed. A flexible trigger logic implemented in the AGILE payload data-handling unit allows the on-board detection of GRBs. For triggered events, energy and timing information are sent to telemetry on a photon-by-photon basis, so that energy and time binning are limited by counting statistics only. When the trigger logic is not active, GRBs can be detected offline in ratemeter data, although with worse energy and time resolution. Between the end of June 2007 and June 2008 MCAL detected 51 GRBs, with a detection rate of about 1 GRB/week, plus several other events at a few milliseconds timescales. Since February 2008 the on-board trigger logic has been fully active. Comparison of MCAL detected events and data provided by other space instruments confirms the sensitivity and effective area estimations. MCAL also joined the 3rd Inter-Planetary Network, to contribute to GRB localization by means of triangulation., 6 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication by A&A 13/08/2008
Published: 2008

49. Multiwavelength observations of 3C 454.3. I. The AGILE 2007 November campaign on the 'Crazy Diamond'

Author: P. Santolamazza, I. Donnarumma, Francesco Longo, M. Galli, A. Argan, P. Romano, Piergiorgio Picozza, F. Verrecchia, S. Vercellone, L. Salotti, A. Zambra, Andrea Bulgarelli, G. De Paris, Paolo Giommi, Francesco Lazzarotto, V. Cocco, Sandro Mereghetti, Enrico Costa, P. W. Cattaneo, Paolo Soffitta, Filippo D'Ammando, G. Barbiellini, G. Novara, C. M. Raiteri, F. Fornari, Attilio Ferrari, Massimo Rapisarda, G. Di Cocco, A. Morselli, F. Senziani, Angela Bazzano, Y. Evangelista, Claudio Labanti, Mariateresa Fiocchi, F. Fuschino, C. Pittori, A. Rappoldi, T. Froysland, Gino Tosti, S. Cutini, Andrea Belfiore, Marco Tavani, Wen Ping Chen, A. W. Chen, A. Pellizzoni, Sergio Colafrancesco, P. Lipari, E. Del Monte, A. Giuliani, Massimiliano Fiorini, Dario Gasparrini, I. Lapshov, F. Boffelli, Alessio Trois, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, D. Impiombato, Pietro Ubertini, V. Vittorini, M. Trifoglio, D. Zanello, B. Preger, Fulvio Gianotti, E. Vallazza, G. Pucella, F. Perotti, A. De Luca, P. A. Caraveo, M. Prest, M. Villata, Martino Marisaldi, S., Vercellone, A. W., Chen, V., Vittorini, A., Giuliani, F., D'Ammando, M., Tavani, I., Donnarumma, G., Pucella, C. M., Raiteri, M., Villata, W. P., Chen, G., Tosti, D., Impiombato, P., Romano, A., Belfiore, A. D., Luca, G., Novara, F., Senziani, A., Bazzano, M. T., Fiocchi, P., Ubertini, A., Ferrari, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, E., Costa, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, F., Fornari, T., Froysland, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, A., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, L., Pacciani, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, P., Santolamazza, B., Preger, D., Gasparrini, S., Cutini, P., Giommi, S., Colafrancesco, L., Salotti, Vercellone S, Chen AW, Vittorini V, Giuliani A, DAmmando F, Tavani M, Donnarumma I, Pucella G, Raiteri CM, Villata M, Chen WP, Tosti G, Impiombato D, Romano P, Belfiore A, De Luca A, Novara G, Senziani F, Bazzano A, Fiocchi MT, Ubertini P, Ferrari A, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Costa E, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Fiorini M, Fornari F, Froysland T, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morselli A, Pellizzoni A, Pacciani L, Perotti F, Picozza P, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Santolamazza P, Preger B, Gasparrini D, Cutini S, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, and Salotti L
Subjects: High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Active Galactic Nuclei, AGILE satellite, Agile, Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Inverse, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Electron, blazar, law.invention, Telescope, law, Blazar, Electronic band structure, galaxies: active – galaxies: jets – quasars: general – quasars: individual (3C 454.3) – radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Line (formation), Physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Compton scattering, multiwavelength observation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: active, galaxies: jets, quasars: general, quasars: individual: 3C 454.3, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Space and Planetary Science
Abstract: [Abridged] We report on a multiwavelength observation of the blazar 3C 454.3 (which we dubbed "crazy diamond") carried out on November 2007 by means of the astrophysical satellites AGILE, INTEGRAL, Swift, the WEBT Consortium, and the optical-NIR telescope REM. 3C 454.3 is detected at a $\sim 19-\sigma$ level during the 3-week observing period, with an average flux above 100 MeV of $F_{\rm E>100MeV} = (170 \pm 13) \times 10^{-8}$ \phcmsec. The gamma-ray spectrum can be fit with a single power-law with photon index $\Gamma_{\rm GRID} = 1.73 \pm 0.16$ between 100 MeV and 1 GeV. We detect significant day-by-day variability of the gamma-ray emission during our observations, and we can exclude that the fluxes are constant at the 99.6% ($\sim 2.9 \sigma$) level. The source was detected typically around 40 degrees off-axis, and it was substantially off--axis in the field of view of the AGILE hard X-ray imager. However, a 5-day long ToO observation by INTEGRAL detected 3C 454.3 at an average flux of about $F_{\rm 20-200 keV} = 1.49 \times 10^{-3}$ \phcmsec with an average photon index of $\Gamma_{\rm IBIS} = 1.75 \pm 0.24$ between 20--200 keV. Swift also detected 3C 454.3 with a flux in the 0.3--10 keV energy band in the range $(1.23-1.40) \times 10^{-2}$ \phcmsec{} and a photon index in the range $\Gamma_{\rm XRT} = 1.56-1.73$. In the optical band, both WEBT and REM show an extremely variable behavior in the $R$ band. A correlation analysis based on the entire data set is consistent with no time-lags between the gamma-ray and the optical flux variations. Our simultaneous multifrequency observations strongly indicate that the dominant emission mechanism between 30 MeV and 30 GeV is dominated by inverse Compton scattering of relativistic electrons in the jet on the external photons from the broad line region., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. Abridged Abstract. 37 pages, 14 Figures, 3 Tables
Published: 2008
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50. The AGILE mission and its scientific instrument

Author: F. Fuschino, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, Claudio Labanti, Francesco Lazzarotto, L. Foggetta, Alessio Trois, F. Mauri, M. Prest, E. Rossi, Sandro Mereghetti, F. Boffelli, Alda Rubini, F. Perotti, A. W. Chen, G. De Paris, M. Trifoglio, E. Vallazza, M. Fiorini, I. Donnarumma, Massimo Rapisarda, M. Basset, Ennio Morelli, A. Pellizzoni, Martino Marisaldi, M. Galli, I. Lapshov, E. Mattaini, G. Di Cocco, A. Giuliani, Paolo Lipari, Fulvio Gianotti, A. Argan, P. A. Caraveo, Andrea Bulgarelli, F. Longo, Enrico Costa, M. Mastropietro, Guido Barbiellini, A. Morselli, C. Pontoni, F. Liello, Marco Tavani, A. Zambra, Alessandro Traci, E. Del Monte, G. Pucella, Massimo Frutti, C. Pittori, T. Froysland, D. Zanello, Geiland Porrovecchio, P. Picozza, Paolo Soffitta, S. Vercellone, Turner, Martin J. L., Hasinger, Günther, M., Tavani, BARBIELLINI AMIDEI, Guido, A., Argan, M., Basset, F., Boffelli, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, A., Chen, E., Costa, Paris, G., Monte, E., Cocco, G., I., Donnarumma, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, L., Foggetta, T., Froysland, M., Frutti, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, A., Giuliani, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, F., Liello, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, E., Mattaini, F., Mauri, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, C., Pittori, C., Pontoni, G., Porrovecchio, M., Prest, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, E., Rossi, A., Rubini, P., Soffitta, A., Traci, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, A., Zambra, and D., Zanello
Subjects: Physics, Scientific instrument, Active galactic nucleus, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Detector, Astronomy, Astrophysics, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Universe, Supernova, gamma ray physics, Pulsar, Angular resolution, AGILE mission, business, Agile software development, media_common
Abstract: The AGILE Mission will explore the gamma-ray Universe with a very innovative instrument combining for the first time a gamma-ray imager (sensitive in the range 30 MeV - 50 GeV) and a hard X-ray imager (sensitive in the range 15-45 keV). An optimal angular resolution and a large field of view are obtained by the use of state-of-the-art Silicon detectors integrated in a very compact instrument. AGILE will be operational at the beginning of 2007 and it will provide crucial data for the study of Active Galactic Nuclei, Gamma-Ray Bursts, unidentified gamma-ray sources, Galactic compact objects, supernova remnants, TeV sources, and fundamental physics by microsecond timing.
Published: 2006

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