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Proton transfer processes mediate many organic reactions. How to realize stereochemical control of this process has always been a challenging topic in the field of asymmetric catalysis. In this study, N-(diphenyl­methyl)-1-phenylethan-1-imine (Schiff base derived from 2,2-diphenylethan-1-amine and acetophenone) was used as substrate, and different near neutral solvents and various chiral metal complex catalysts were used to carry out photoinduced C=N double bond transfer in the substrate under irradiation with a mercury ultraviolet lamp. The double bond transfer in the substrate molecule was highly selective. Solvents containing strong electronegative atoms like oxygen and chlorine, such as alcohols, aldehydes, and carbon tetrachloride, were more effective than other solvents under high light intensity. The 1,3-proton transfer process involves photo­excitation of the Schiff base and coordination of the latter to the central metal atom of the chiral catalyst, so that the substrate molecule is placed in a stable chiral environment to form a transition state. The strongly electro­negative atom of the near-neutral solvent attracts the active α-hydrogen from the excited Schiff base molecule to form a negatively charged delocalized π-bond structure. The subsequent proton addition yields more stable molec­ular structure to complete the selective proton transfer process. Among the examined chiral catalysts, divalent tin porphyrin was the most effective, and the product yield and enantiomeric excess were 98% and 91.49%, respectively. The described photoinduced C=N double bond transfer in N-(diphenylmethyl)-1-phenyl­ethan-1-imine is characterized by mild conditions (room temperature), high stereoselectivity, and simple operation.

Based on the open data of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), 249 children, adolescents and 249 heads of families who completed two rounds of surveys in 2011 and 2015 were selected in this study. According to the fast food consumption of children and adolescents, they were divided into fast food consumption group and non-fast food consumption group. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between children and adolescents watching Food TV advertising and fast food consumption. After adjusting relevant factors, the results showed that children and adolescents requiring their parents to buy food in TV advertisements (基于中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）的开放数据，以完成2011和2015年两轮调查的249名儿童青少年和249名家长为研究对象。根据儿童青少年快餐消费情况，将其分为快餐消费组和未消费组。采用logistic回归模型分析儿童青少年观看食品电视广告与快餐消费的关系。调整相关因素后结果显示，儿童青少年要求家长购买电视广告中食品的频率（

An 'abscopal' effect if often used to refer to distant tumour regression after localised irradiation. Since the first report of the abscopal effect in the 1950s, well-documented cases with radiotherapy alone are very rare. It is widely accepted that the immune response plays an important role in the abscopal effect, although the mechanism is still unclear. With the recent success of cancer immunotherapy, there is growing interest in combining immunotherapy with radiotherapy to boost abscopal response rates. Compared with conventional radiotherapy, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) not only delivers ablative dose to the tumour, but may also induce robust immune responses. In this review we examine studies that combine SABR and immunotherapy. We review the preclinical rationale for SABR and immunotherapy combinations, the case for and against abscopal effects, and the current landscape of clinical trials.

Numerous studies document that societal happiness is correlated with individualism, but the nature of this phenomenon remains understudied. In the current paper, we address this gap and test the reasoning that individualism correlates with societal happiness because the most common measure of societal happiness (i.e., country-level aggregates of personal life satisfaction) is individualism-themed. With the data collected from 13,009 participants across fifty countries, we compare associations of four types of happiness (out of which three are more collectivism-themed than personal life satisfaction) with two different measures of individualism. We replicated previous findings by demonstrating that societal happiness measured as country-level aggregate of personal life satisfaction is correlated with individualism. Importantly though, we also found that the country-level aggregates of the collectivism-themed measures of happiness do not tend to be significantly correlated with individualism. Implications for happiness studies and for policy makers are signaled. © 2020, The Author(s).

This study aimed to explore the significance of renal Doppler ultrasound in evaluating systemic and renal perfusion in sepsis patients before and after fluid resuscitation.Forty sepsis patients admitted to the Department of Intensive Medicine and intensive care unit (ICU) of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from June 2014 to December 2014 were enrolled in this study, and 35 patients were included in the final analysis. These patients were divided into positive and negative fluid responsiveness groups. They were also divided into an acute kidney injury (AKI) group and a non-AKI group according to changes in creatinine and urine volume. The correlations of the changes in hemodynamics before and after fluid resuscitation in each group with the changes in renal resistance index (RRI) and renal blood flow (RBF) grades were evaluated.Before and after fluid resuscitation, the heart rate (HR), blood creatinine (Cre), and lactate (Lac) levels of all patients, including the patients in the positive fluid responsiveness group decreased, and the stroke volume (SV) and central venous pressure (CVP) increased. Only HR decreased in the negative fluid responsiveness group. In the AKI group, HR, Cre, and Lac decreased, while in the non-AKI group, HR decreased, but CVP and SV increased. There were differences between HR, Lac, and change rate of Lac (Lac%) after fluid resuscitation for the positive and negative fluid responsiveness groups. There was no statistical difference between the RRI values of each group before and after fluid resuscitation. The RRI values of the AKI group were higher than those of the non-AKI group, while the AKI group's RBF grades were lower than those of the non-AKI group. The change rate of RRI (RRI%) was higher in the AKI group than in the non-AKI group. Except for the negative fluid responsiveness group, the RBF grade of each group increased.The approach of RBF classification based on Doppler ultrasound can be used to evaluate the systemic and renal perfusion of patients with severe sepsis before and after fluid resuscitation, while the RRI value cannot be used for evaluation. However, the RRI value can be used as a dynamic index for the evaluation of renal perfusion in patients with AKI.

Background: Eribulin mesylate (ERI), a nontaxane microtubule inhibitor with effects on tumor biology (increased vascular perfusion, reversal of epithelial to mesenchymal transition), is approved as a monotherapy for the treatment of patients (pts) with metastatic breast cancer who received ≥2 prior chemotherapeutic regimens for metastatic disease. In a pooled analysis, ERI significantly prolonged OS compared with capecitabine or treatment of physician's choice in pts with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC; 12.9 vs 8.2 mo, n=428). Pembrolizumab (PEM) is a human programmed death (PD) receptor-1–blocking antibody approved for the treatment of several advanced cancers. In a phase (Ph) 2 study in mTNBC, PEM monotherapy as first-line therapy demonstrated ORR, 23%; median PFS, 2.1 mo [95% CI 2.0-3.9], and in pts pretreated with ≥1 prior chemotherapy demonstrated ORR, 5%; median OS, 8.9 mo [95% CI 7.2-11.2]). Methods:This open-label Ph 1b/2 trial enrolled pts (aged ≥18 yrs; ECOG PS ≤1) with mTNBC treated with ≤2 prior lines of chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Ph 1b included a safety cohort of ≥6 pts who received intravenous (IV) ERI 1.4 mg/m2 on day (d) 1 and d8 and IV PEM 200 mg on d1 of a 21-d cycle. In Ph 2, pts were enrolled based on prior chemotherapy in the metastatic setting [0 vs 1–2 lines]. Primary endpoints: safety, tolerability (Ph 1b), and ORR (Ph 2); secondary endpoints: PFS, OS, and efficacy in PD-L1+ pts. Results: We report data from 82 of 104 enrolled pts (data cut-off Nov 1, 2016).The RP2D was ERI 1.4 mg/m2 on d1 and d8 and PEM 200 mg on d1 of a 21-d cycle. Most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were fatigue (73.2%), nausea (51.2%), peripheral sensory neuropathy (46.3%), alopecia (43.9%), and pyrexia (36.6%). Most common Grade (G) 3 or 4 TEAEs related to ERI: neutropenia (29.3%), peripheral neuropathy (8.5%), and asthenia/fatigue (7.3%). G3/4 immune-related TEAEs related to PEM: 19.5% of pts. TEAEs that led to drug withdrawal/dose reduction: 18.3%/28.0% of pts. G5 events: 3 pts (respiratory failure, pleural effusion, and multiple organ failure; none related to study drug). Response was irrespective of PD-L1 status (Table1). Results of the final analysis will be available for presentation. Overall (n=82)No prior chemotherapy in metastatic setting (n=48)1-2 Prior lines of chemotherapy in metastatic setting (n=34)PD-L1+ (n=35)PD-L1- (n=36)ORR, n (%) [95% CIa]21 (25.6) [16.8, 35.4]12 (25.0) [14.0, 37.8]9 (26.5) [13.3, 41.8]9 (25.7) [12.9, 40.8]9 (25.0) [12.5, 39.8]CBRb, n (%)25 (30.5)13 (27.1)12 (35.3)10 (28.6)12 (33.3)DCRc, n (%)46 (56.1)28 (58.3)18 (52.9)19 (54.3)21 (58.3)Median PFS, mo [95% CI]4.1 [2.3-4.8]4.1 [2.2-4.9]3.9 [2.1-6.3]4.1 [2.1-4.8]4.1 [2.3-6.3]Median OS, mo [95% CI]NE [17.7-NE]17.7 [13.7-NE]NE [13.1-NE]----a Credible interval from Bayesian analysis; b clinical benefit rate = CR+PR+SD; c disease control rate = CR+PR+SD ≥24 weeks. NE, not estimable. Conclusions: ERI+PEM was well tolerated and demonstrated activity in pts with mTNBC. The combination resulted in improved ORR, with longer PFS, OS, and comparable TEAEs to those observed with either treatment as monotherapy. Further exploration of this combination is warranted. Citation Format: Tolaney SM, Kalinsky K, Kaklamani V, Savulsky C, Olivo M, Aktan G, Kaufman PA, Xing D, Almonte A, Misir S, Karantza V, Diab S. Phase 1b/2 study to evaluate eribulin mesylate in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD6-13.

Aim To evaluate in vitro the physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and calcium phosphate nucleation of an experimental light-curable pulp capping material composed of a resin with antibacterial monomer (MAE-DB) and Portland cement (PC). Methodology The experimental material was prepared by mixing PC with a resin containing MAE-DB at a 2 : 1 ratio. Cured pure resin containing MAE-DB served as control resin. ProRoot MTA and Dycal served as commercial controls. The depth of cure, degree of monomer conversion, water absorption and solubility of dry samples, calcium release, alkalinizing activity, calcium phosphate nucleation and the cytotoxicity of materials were evaluated. Statistical analysis was carried out using anova followed by Tukey's HSD test (equal variance assumed) or Tamhane test (equal variance not assumed) and independent-samples t-tests. Results The experimental material had a cure depth of 1.19 mm, and the mean degree of monomer conversion was 70.93% immediately post-cure and 88.75% at 24 h post-cure. The water absorption of the experimental material was between those of MTA and Dycal, and its solubility was significantly less (P

Boron-bearing high speed steels are widely used in roller materials because of their improved wear resistance and toughness. In present work, aluminum was added into boron high speed steel and the aging-hardening behavior and microstructures of tempered boron high speed steel at various tempering temperatures were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and HR-150A Rockwell hardness tester. The results show that the bulk hardness of boron high speed steel gradually enhances with the increasing destabilized temperature. Aluminum addition cuts down the bulk hardness and delays the hardening process, thus leading to high the hardening value of boron high speed steel shifting to higher destabilized temperature. After tempering process, boron-bearing high speed steel displays precipitate-hardening behavior at the tempered temperature of about 520°C. The bulk hardness of boron-bearing high speed steel achieves 60.5 HRC as a maximum value when the aluminum addition is 0.6 wt.%. More aluminum addition can result in lower precipitate-hardening rate and bulk hardness. The microstructures of boron high speed steel tempered at 520°C consist of eutectic borides and tempered martensite dispersed a lot of secondary precipitates. XRD and TEM results indicate that the precipitate-hardening properties of boron high speed steel depend on precipitates and square degree of martensite

Background: Eribulin, a non-taxane microtubule inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of (1) patients (pts) with advanced or metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who have received ≥1 [European Union] or ≥2 [United States] prior chemotherapy regimens for metastatic disease, including an anthracycline and taxane in either the adjuvant or metastatic setting and (2) pts with unresectable or metastatic liposarcoma who have received a prior anthracycline regimen. Pembrolizumab is a human programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)-blocking antibody approved for the treatment of (1) pts with unresectable or metastatic melanoma and disease progression following ipilimumab and, if BRAFV600-mutation positive, a BRAF inhibitor and (2) pts with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with tumors expressing PD-L1. Pembrolizumab is also being evaluated for the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) and other tumor types. Here, we report an interim analysis from an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, phase 1b/2 study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the eribulin and pembrolizumab combination in pts with mTNBC previously treated in the metastatic setting. Methods:A total of 95 pts (aged ≥18 yrs, ECOG PS 0 or 1) with mTNBC previously treated with ≤2 prior lines of chemotherapy for metastatic disease will be enrolled. Phase 1b included a safety run-in cohort in which ≥6 pts received intravenous (IV) eribulin mesylate 1.4 mg/m2 on day (d) 1 and d8 and IV pembrolizumab 200 mg on d1 of a 21-d cycle. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of the combination regimen were assessed in the first cycle to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). In phase 2, patients were enrolled in 2 cohorts according to receipt of prior chemotherapy in the metastatic setting (0 vs 1–2 prior lines). Primary endpoints were determination of safety and tolerability (phase 1b) and evaluation of objective response rate (phase 2); secondary endpoints included evaluation of progression-free survival, overall survival, and duration of response. Results:We report an interim analysis of the first 39 enrolled pts (n=7, phase 1b; n=32, phase 2). No DLTs were observed in phase 1b. The RP2D was defined as eribulin 1.4 mg/m2 on d1 and d8 and pembrolizumab 200 mg on d1 of a 21-d cycle. As of data cut-off (May 16, 2016), the most frequent adverse events (AEs; all grades) were fatigue (69%), nausea (51%), alopecia (36%), neutropenia (36%), and peripheral neuropathy (28%). The most frequent AEs of grade 3 or 4 were neutropenia (31%) and fatigue (8%). Serious AEs (all nonfatal) occurred in 36% of pts and AEs leading to dose adjustment were observed in 56% of pts. Objective responses, including a complete response, by investigator assessment were observed during this interim analysis, and will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: The combination of eribulin with pembrolizumab represents a novel treatment regimen in pts with mTNBC. AEs observed with the combination were comparable to those observed with either treatment as monotherapy. Clinical Trials.gov: NCT02513472. Citation Format: Tolaney S, Savulsky C, Aktan G, Xing D, Almonte A, Karantza V, Diab S. Phase 1b/2 study to evaluate eribulin mesylate in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-15-02.

随着外科技术和腹腔镜技术的进步，微创外科理念逐渐深入人心，腹腔镜微创技术应用于胃癌根治术已被广大外科医师认可。近年来，吲哚菁绿(ICG)标记的近红外荧光腹腔镜技术逐渐应用于胃癌手术治疗中，此技术克服了腹腔镜下缺少触觉的弊端，使胃癌腹腔镜手术更加精准化、微创化。文章中介绍了ICG的注射方法，并探讨了荧光腹腔镜在胃癌手术操作中的应用效果，主要包括早期胃癌的术中肿瘤定位、前哨淋巴结活检、进展期胃癌的淋巴结导航清扫以及消化道重建过程中胃肠血流灌注评估。.

The smallest bacterial genomes, in the range of about 0.1 to 0.5 million base pairs, are commonly found in the nutritional endosymbionts of insects. These tiny genomes are missing genes that encode proteins and RNAs required for the translation of mRNAs, one of the most highly conserved and important cellular processes. In this study, we found that the bacterial endosymbionts of cicadas have genomes which encode incomplete tRNA sets and lack genes required for tRNA processing. Nevertheless, we found that endosymbiont tRNAs are correctly processed at their 5′ and 3′ ends and, surprisingly, that mostly exist as tRNA halves. We hypothesize that the cicada host must supply its symbionts with these missing tRNA processing activities., Gene loss and genome reduction are defining characteristics of endosymbiotic bacteria. The most highly reduced endosymbiont genomes have lost numerous essential genes related to core cellular processes such as replication, transcription, and translation. Computational gene predictions performed for the genomes of the two bacterial symbionts of the cicada Diceroprocta semicincta, “Candidatus Hodgkinia cicadicola” (Alphaproteobacteria) and “Ca. Sulcia muelleri” (Bacteroidetes), have found only 26 and 16 tRNA genes and 15 and 10 aminoacyl tRNA synthetase genes, respectively. Furthermore, the original “Ca. Hodgkinia cicadicola” genome annotation was missing several essential genes involved in tRNA processing, such as those encoding RNase P and CCA tRNA nucleotidyltransferase as well as several RNA editing enzymes required for tRNA maturation. How these cicada endosymbionts perform basic translation-related processes remains unknown. Here, by sequencing eukaryotic mRNAs and total small RNAs, we show that the limited tRNA set predicted by computational annotation of “Ca. Sulcia muelleri” and “Ca. Hodgkinia cicadicola” is likely correct. Furthermore, we show that despite the absence of genes encoding tRNA processing activities in the symbiont genomes, symbiont tRNAs have correctly processed 5′ and 3′ ends and seem to undergo nucleotide modification. Surprisingly, we found that most “Ca. Hodgkinia cicadicola” and “Ca. Sulcia muelleri” tRNAs exist as tRNA halves. We hypothesize that “Ca. Sulcia muelleri” and “Ca. Hodgkinia cicadicola” tRNAs function in bacterial translation but require host-encoded enzymes to do so.

At present, several clinical practice guidelines for osteoarthritis have been developed. Although contradictions about some recommendations are still in dispute, large number of clinical practice guidelines recommended core treatments, namely education, weight loss and exercise therapy. Thus, the diagnosis and treatment of primary osteoarthritis should focus on the above three treatments. However, we have to develop the clinical practice guidelines for osteoarthritis in primary hospital, based on the characteristics of osteoarthritis in China, the burden of disease, the health literacy of patients and the clinical decision-making of diagnosis and treatment of primary osteoarthritis in primary medical care.We suggest to formulate guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis in primary medical care to regulate primary interventions.目前，国内外多个学术团体针对骨关节炎的诊断与治疗发表了多部临床实践指南。虽然在一些问题上存在矛盾，但多部指南共同推荐了核心治疗方法，即教育、减重和运动治疗。基层骨关节炎的诊治工作应该关注上述三项确定有效的治疗措施。根据我国骨关节炎的患病特征、疾病负担、患者的健康素养、基层骨关节炎诊治临床决策及我国基层医疗现状，未来不仅要完善基层骨关节炎的诊疗工作，还要制订我国基层骨关节炎诊治指南来规范基层诊疗方案。.

Summary We conducted the T2 and T1–T2 low field NMR experiment to detect the formation and dissociation process of the methane gas hydrate in sedimentary rocks and artificial cores. Based on our investigations. (1)The gas hydrate forms preferentially in large pores and it is easier for the gas hydrate to reach the equilibrium state than for samples with small pore diameter and grain size. (2)The gas hydrate volume is positively correlated with the porosity, but there is no obvious relationship between the gas hydrate saturation and the porosity. (3)The spectrum distributions move towards the fast relaxation domain with the growth of gas hydrate, because the generated gas hydrate occupies the large pore and accelerate the relaxation rate. (4) It is easier for the gas hydrate in the sample of high porosity and large pore size to dissociate than that in the sample of low porosity and small pore size. (5) T1–T2 spectrum gives new perspective of the porous media, which helps us to discriminate complex components that cannot be interpreted only by the T2 spectrum.

OBJECTIVE To study the mechanism of protection provided by dexmedetomidine against COPD-induced lung injury. METHODS COPD rat model was determined by measuring lung function, and comparing HE staining between two different groups. We got the lung tissue and cells from the control and COPD groups. The cells were divided into three groups: control group, and blank and drug groups that were from the COPD rats. Cell apoptosis, relative gene expression and TNF-α and IL-1β from nutrient solution were measured. RESULTS The TV, PEF, EF50, FEV0.3 and FEV0.3/FVC in COPD group were significantly lower than in control group (1.26±0.17 vs 2.65±0.21; 17.61±0.35 vs 38.55±0.24; 1.20±0.14 vs 1.81±0.06; 2.52±0.28 vs 4.44±0.26; 63.39±0.22 vs 88.45±0.34, p < 0.05, respectively). Cell apoptosis was significantly different in blank and drug groups (21.65±0.86 vs 10.74±0.15; p < 0.05, respectively). The gene expressions of miRNA-146a, p53 and Bcl-2 were significantly downregulated compared with blank group. CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine protected COPD-induced lung injury by inhibiting miRNA-146a expression to reduce cell apoptosis (Tab. 1, Fig. 3, Ref. 25).

The effect of storage temperature on explosion characteristics of the free space explosion of RDX-based thermobaric explosives was studied, and the fireball and the overpressure were obtained. The results showed that the temperature and the volume of the fireball can reach 2400 K and 400 m3 respectively. Low temperature and temperature shock will reduce the temperature and the volume of the fireball and the overpressure. In addition, the aluminum powder does not burn completely, and the time to reach the maximum temperature will be delayed by at least 33 ms. The high temperature can slightly enhance the thermal effect and the pressure effect.

For the difficulty of operation and maintenance of wind turbines, anomaly detection technology was derived to identify faults early. In the research of power curve modeling, multivariable and nonlinear problems need to be involved. This paper proposes a wind generator abnormal state analysis method based on the power characteristic curve. Based on the data of wind turbine SCADA system, double threshold is used for data cleaning and Bin method is used for data packet in this method. Using nonlinear fitting to set up a parametric Logistic mathematical mode of the power curve. The control pattern is used for the operating condition’s monitoring and abnormal analysis, and limits of the control pattern are obtained by calculating the average residual and standard deviation. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of the wind generator abnormal state analysis method based on the power characteristic curve. In conclusion, to identify the abnormal state of the wind turbines, this thesis studies correlation between the historical data of the wind farm and power characteristics of wind turbines, and the modeling method. It is not only an attempt and exploration of the related theories and technical methods to wind power big data, but also provides a basis for the performance evaluation of wind turbines and has practical application value.

This paper proposes a new 3-DOF deflection-type permanent magnet (PM) motor with three-layer rotor and stator structure. Based on the analytical approach, the distribution of the magnetic field and torque of the proposed PM motor is analyzed and calculated by solving the Laplace equation in the spherical coordinates and the Lorentz force equation, respectively. With 3-D finite-element analysis, different magneto motive forces’ effects on the torque characteristics are discussed. A prototype motor has been implemented based on the analysis and design. The theoretical analysis of the magnetic field and the back electromotive force model of the rotor has been validated by the experiments on the prototype motor. The results verify the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis and the accuracy of the developed model.

Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, affecting approximately 2% of the population. It is a true diverticulum occurring on the anti-mesenteric border of the distalileum, typically within 100 cm of the ileo-caecal valve. Neoplasms arising in Meckel's diverticula are uncommon, and those reported in the literature are mainly carcinoid tumors, followed by gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and benign leiomyomas. Adenocarcinomas are extremely rare. Tumors in Meckel's present non-specifically with gastrointestinal complaints, such as bleeding, obstruction, inflammation or perforation. The suspicion of a Meckel's tumor is often not thought of at the initial. In this article we describe a 57-year-old woman who presented with massive rectal bleeding and severe anemia, later found to be caused by a adenocarcinoma arising from Meckel's diverticulum. The tumor was unfortunately highly aggressive. Multiple liver metastases had already existed when we discovered the primary mass. Later we performed a partial resection of the ileumto cease the bleeding. Meckel's diverticulum and the tumor were resected simultaneously. The pathological diagnosis confirmed adenocarcinoma arising from the Meckel's diverticulum. The final stage was pT4NxM1, stage IV according to the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) classification. After operation we gave the patient first-line, mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy, but it turned out to be not effective. Rapid progress of the liver metastases and suspicion of multiple lung metastasis in short time after therapy indicated a bad outcome. We believe this is the first case of adenocarcinoma in a Meckel's diverticulum to be reported in domestic literature. The diagnosis of Meckel's tumor should be considered as inpatients'acute gastrointestinal complaints; when found incidentally at laparotomy, it should be carefully examined for any gross abnormality and resection should be considered.

In this study, an original gradient coating method was employed to prepare a superhydrophobic composite coating, using no. 107 silicone rubber/fluorinated polysiloxane mixture as basal glue and modified composite particles as reinforcement. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicate that the compound particles are successfully modified by hexamethyl disilazane (HMDS) and C–F group is introduced into the basal glue. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measuring instrument were applied to investigate the micro-morphology and hydrophobic property of the composite coating. SEM result indicates that micro/nano multistage structure is formed which is similar with papillae of lotus leaf. Hydrophobic test result shows that the average and maximum static contact angles are 157·5 and 161·9° respectively. The sliding angle is only 2°. Compared with conventional hydrophobic materials and methods, the low cost and simple production process of this coating make it expected to be ap...

Phylogenetic relationships among the subgenera Anopheles and Cellia were inferred from the D2 (36 species) and D3 (57 species) fragments of the 28S ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. The resultant molecular phylogeny matched the classical morphological taxonomy reasonably well, and also resolved some ambiguities in the morphological taxonomy. Although a molecular phylogeny based on the D2 region did not change the traditional morphological character-based arrangement of anopheline taxa, some differences from the traditional arrangement were apparent in a phylogeny based on D3 fragment variation. This could, however, be due to the shorter length of the D3 fragment used in this study. Both the D2 and D3 data support the view that the subgenus Anopheles and the Neomyzomyia series are basal to the subgenus Cellia. The D2 data suggest a sister-group composed of Neocellia + (Myzomyia + Pyretophorus). The topology of the tree based on D2...

In order to effectively increase coal rate, replacement ratio of coal, and reduce the cost in a blast furnace, the injecting properties of a certain rank of coals, such as anthracite, meager-lean coal, bituminous coal, and their blends, have been evaluated one by one in this article. The results show that anthracite, meager-lean coal, and bituminous coal have different characteristics. The injecting properties, such as igniting point, explosivity, grindability, combustion characteristic, reactivity, etc., can be optimized to some extent with the different mixing proportion of the studied coals. Among them, combustion characteristic and reactivity are of vital importance because they are closely related to burning ratio. According to proper matching and integrated evaluation, the reasonable ratio of anthracite, meager-lean coal, and bituminous coal is chosen for improving coal rate in a blast furnace.

Air oxidation behavior of a (Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5)98Er2 bulk metallic glass was studied at 350–450 °C. The results showed that the oxidation kinetics of the alloy followed a multi-stage parabolic rate law, and the parabolic rate constants at the steady-state stage increased with temperature. The oxidation rates of the alloy were higher than those of the Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5 glassy alloy, indicative of poor oxidation resistance for the Er-containing alloy. The scales formed on the (Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5)98Er2 alloy consisted mostly of tetragonal ZrO2 and minor monoclinic ZrO2 and CuO at 350 °C, while Cu2O and Er2O3 were present at T > 400 °C.

Kinematics analysis of tool-tip in milling process with ultrasonic vibration in feed direction was conducted. Ultrasonic vibration assisted milling (UVAM) aluminium alloy experiments were designed to investigate the morphologies of machined surfaces. Research results showed that some regular scaly textures distributed evenly on the UVAM surfaces, which are consistent with the theoretical analysis results of tool-tip trajectory. The tribological properties of machined surfaces were tested by using UMT-2 friction and wear testing machine. Test results showed that scaly textures enhanced the adsorption capacities of UVAM surfaces to oil film; as well, it played an important role for oil storage and trapping wear particles, resulting in better friction stabilities. Compared to traditional milling surfaces, the friction coefficients of UVAM surfaces decreased about 20%, and their bearing capacity of oil films increased about 140%.

The present study investigates the effects of rare earth and aluminium on the microstructures of as cast and heat treated semisolid Fe–B cast alloys. The as cast microstructure of the semisolid modified Fe–B cast alloy consists of the eutectic boride, pearlite and ferrite. Moreover, compared to a net-like distribution of the coarse eutectic borides in the ordinary unmodified alloy, the eutectic boride structures in the semisolid modified alloy are greatly refined and less interconnected. After heat treatment, the phases in the semisolid modified Fe–B cast alloy consist of the boride and martensite. The additions of rare earth and aluminium help to promote the formation of the short rod shaped and round borides in the semisolid Fe–B cast alloy during heat treatment. Compared to the ordinary unmodified alloy, there is no significant change in the boride area fraction but an obvious decrease in average boride area in the semisolid modified alloy.

In this paper, a semisolid slurry of hypereutectic high chromium cast iron (HCCI) was prepared in a metal mould by a cooling slope body method under pressure. The results indicated that the size of the primary carbide in the semisolid hypereutectic HCCI specimens becomes much finer, and there is no shrinkage porosity in the semisolid microstructure under a pressure of 150 MPa. The impact toughness of a semisolid specimen without shrinkage porosity is increased by about 121 and 17% compared with those of conventional and semisolid specimens with shrinkage porosity respectively. Furthermore, using SiC particles of 80–100 mesh in size as abrasives, the wear resistance of semisolid specimens without shrinkage porosity is increased by about 78 and 20% compared with those of conventional and semisolid specimens with shrinkage porosity respectively.

A variable-geometry exhaust manifold (VGEM) turbocharging system can realize a switch between two charging modes by use of a controllable valve, and it can give a good performance at both high-speed operation and low-speed operation. In this paper, a new idea about the VGEM turbocharging system for a six-cylinder diesel engine is proposed, and preliminary experiments on this are carried out. Experiments on the two cases when the controllable valve is closed or is open respectively are performed using two different exhaust manifolds. The steady state experimental results indicate that the turbocharging system works as a pulse turbocharging system and the pulse energy can be utilized fully when the controllable valve is closed at low-speed operation; the turbocharging system works as a semiconstant-pressure turbocharging system and the pumping loss can be reduced fully when the controllable valve is open at high-speed operation. The transient experimental results indicate that the transient performance of the pulse turbocharging system is better than that of the semiconstant-pressure turbocharging system.

Two-year-old seedlings of licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) were exposed to three degrees of water deficit, namely weak (60–70%), moderate (40–50%), and strong (20–30%) relative water content in soil, whereas control plants were grown in soil with 80–90% water content. Moderate and strong water deficit decreased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and biomass production. Water use efficiency and the root-to-shoot ratio increased significantly in response to water deficit, indicating a high tolerance to drought. Weak water deficit did not decrease root biomass production, but significantly increased the production of glycyrrhizic acid (by 89%) and liquiritin (by 125%) in the roots. Therefore, a weak water deficit can increase the yield of root medical compounds without negative effect on root growth.

Effect of Ti addition on the morphology and size of primary M7C3 type carbide in hypereutectic high chromium cast iron was investigated. The results indicated that the carbide is refined gradually, and its morphology becomes more equiaxed as titanium addition increases, but rather slowly when Ti addition exceeds 0·95%. The qualitative measurement result indicated that value shape factor K increases clearly first and then changes little, and the average equivalent diameter D changes against K exactly. Furthermore, by TEM analysis and Brammit’s theory calculation, the results also indicated that there are orientation relationships of TiC||M7C3 and [011]TiC||[0001]M7C3 between M7C3 type carbide and TiC, and the lattice misfit δ between TiC and M7C3 is 1·32%, explaining that TiC may provide the effective substrate plane for M7C3 nucleation to ameliorate morphology and size of primary M7C3 type carbide.

Nanostructured silver was obtained by potentiostatic electrolysis. The effects of ionized surfactant (sodium dodecanesulphonate) and the substrate (Cu and Ti) on the morphology of depositions were investigated. It is found that morphologies of silver nanostructures can be simply controlled via change of the substrate. Spherical Ag nanoparticles with narrow size distribution were obtained by electrodeposition in AgNO3-SDS aqueous solution on copper substrate. In the case of titanium substrate, silver dendrite structures were obtained. Despite of different morphologies, XRD and TEM results showed that the as-prepared samples belong to face-centered cubic silver structure with good crystallinity. The formation mechanism of different silver nanostructures was discussed.

Unlike mulberry (Morus alba, M.a.), paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera, B.p.) can acclimate to Karst soil and incline to alien invasion. The photosynthetic parameters, diurnal changes of carbonic anhydrase, and chlorophyll fluorescence induction, and water potential were measured on sunny days (SD) and cloudy days (CD). Photosynthetic midday depression occurred in B.p. but not in M.a. The irradiance-and CO2-saturated photosynthetic rates of B.p. were significantly higher than those of M.a. There was no significant difference in water use efficiency between the two species on a SD. The maximum fluorescence, maximum quantum yield, photochemical quenching, and relative electron transport rate in the leaves of B.p. were much higher than those in M.a. The activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA) of B.p., on either an SD or a CD, was much greater than that of M.a. Higher transpiration rate (E) and net photosynthetic rate (P N) of B.p. resulted in the lack of water in mesophyll cells. Although a higher CA activity of B.p. supplied both water and CO2 for the photosynthesis of mesophyll cells, water in mesophyll cells was the factor limiting photosynthesis, and the intercellular CO2 concentration of B.p. was high and stable.

The microstructural refinement of a cast hypereutectic Fe–20Cr–4C alloy using modification, surface chill and a novel 'fluctuation' approach has been studied. Fluctuation involves the addition during pouring of powder or liquid metal to produce variations in temperature and/or composition in microareas of the liquid near the solidification front. The structures of the alloy were investigated using optical microscopy and image analysis. Increasing the degree of fluctuation (ferroalloy powder) resulted in finer primary and eutectic carbides. The combination of fluctuation with the addition of modifying agents (Fe–Si–Re alloy, aluminium and a laboratory intermediate alloy) and the application of surface chill, was found to increase the refinement of the carbides.

The effect of quenching temperature from 900 to 1050°C on the microstructures, mechanical properties and abrasion resistance of modified high born cast steel containing 0·3 wt-%C and 3·0 wt-%B was studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, tensile tester, impact tester, hardness tester and abrasion tester. Quenching at 900°C resulted in structures containing a small amount of pearlite. The existence of pearlite led to poor hardness and wear resistance of modified high born cast steel. Quenching at temperatures between 900 and 950°C resulted in the decrease in pearlite and the increase in hardness and abrasion resistance in comparison with 900°C quenching. The metallic matrix all transformed into the martensite quenching at 1000°C; the modified high born cast steel had high hardness, tensile strength, impact toughness and excellent abrasion resistance. The hardness, tensile strength and impact toughness of modified high born cast steel had no obvious ch...