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1. Evidence of a New Population of Weak Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes Observed From Aircraft Altitude

Author: I. Bjørge‐Engeland, N. Østgaard, D. Sarria, M. Marisaldi, A. Mezentsev, A. Fuglestad, N. Lehtinen, J. E. Grove, D. Shy, T. Lang, M. Quick, H. Christian, C. Schultz, R. Blakeslee, I. Adams, R. Kroodsma, G. Heymsfield, K. Ullaland, S. Yang, B. Hasan Qureshi, J. Søndergaard, B. Husa, D. Walker, M. Bateman, D. Mach, P. Bitzer, M. Fullekrug, M. Cohen, M. Stanley, S. Cummer, J. Montanya, M. Pazos, C. Velosa, O. van derVelde, Y. Pu, P. Krehbiel, J. A. Roncancio, J. A. Lopez, M. Urbani, A. Santos, T. Neubert, and F. Gordillo‐Vazquez
Subjects: terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes, lightning, ALOFT, aircraft campaign, ASIM, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract: Abstract Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes (TGFs) are ten‐to‐hundreds of microsecond bursts of gamma‐rays produced when electrons in strong electric fields in thunderclouds are accelerated to relativistic energies. Space instruments have observed TGFs with source photon brightness down to ∼1017–1016. Based on space and aircraft observations, TGFs have been considered rare phenomena produced in association with very few lightning discharges. Space observations associated with lightning ground observations in the radio band have indicated that there exists a population of dimmer TGFs. Here we show observations of TGFs from aircraft altitude that were not detected by a space instrument viewing the same area. The TGFs were found through Monte Carlo modeling to be associated with 1015–1012 photons at source, which is several orders of magnitude below what can be seen from space. Our results suggest that there exists a significant population of TGFs that are too weak to be observed from space.
Published: 2024
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2. Deep Convective Microphysics Experiment (DCMEX) coordinated aircraft and ground observations: microphysics, aerosol, and dynamics during cumulonimbus development

Author: D. L. Finney, A. M. Blyth, M. Gallagher, H. Wu, G. J. Nott, M. I. Biggerstaff, R. G. Sonnenfeld, M. Daily, D. Walker, D. Dufton, K. Bower, S. Böing, T. Choularton, J. Crosier, J. Groves, P. R. Field, H. Coe, B. J. Murray, G. Lloyd, N. A. Marsden, M. Flynn, K. Hu, N. M. Thamban, P. I. Williams, P. J. Connolly, J. B. McQuaid, J. Robinson, Z. Cui, R. R. Burton, G. Carrie, R. Moore, S. J. Abel, D. Tiddeman, and G. Aulich
Subjects: Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Cloud feedbacks associated with deep convective anvils remain highly uncertain. In part, this uncertainty arises from a lack of understanding of how microphysical processes influence the cloud radiative effect. In particular, climate models have a poor representation of microphysics processes, thereby encouraging the collection and study of observation data to enable better representation of these processes in models. As such, the Deep Convective Microphysics Experiment (DCMEX) undertook an in situ aircraft and ground-based measurement campaign of New Mexico deep convective clouds during July–August 2022. The campaign coordinated a broad range of instrumentation measuring aerosol, cloud physics, radar, thermodynamics, dynamics, electric fields, and weather. This paper introduces the potential data user to DCMEX observational campaign characteristics, relevant instrument details, and references to more detailed instrument descriptions. Also included is information on the structure and important files in the dataset in order to aid the accessibility of the dataset to new users. Our overview of the campaign cases illustrates the complementary operational observations available and demonstrates the breadth of the campaign cases observed. During the campaign, a wide selection of environmental conditions occurred, ranging from dry, northerly air masses with low wind shear to moist, southerly air masses with high wind shear. This provided a wide range of different convective growth situations. Of 19 flight days, only 2 d lacked the formation of convective cloud. The dataset presented (https://doi.org/10.5285/B1211AD185E24B488D41DD98F957506C; Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements et al., 2024) will help establish a new understanding of processes on the smallest cloud- and aerosol-particle scales and, once combined with operational satellite observations and modelling, can support efforts to reduce the uncertainty of anvil cloud radiative impacts on climate scales.
Published: 2024
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3. Impact of an Internet-Delivered Sound Healing Intervention on Chronic Non-Malignant Pain and Sleep Disturbances in Community Settings

Author: N. Sharma, D. Walker, B. S. Prasad, and M. Patel
Subjects: Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract: Introduction Chronic pain patients often contend with insomnia symptoms, creating a reciprocal relationship that adds complexity to their condition. Evaluating interventions targeting insomnia in this population becomes paramount, given the intertwined nature of pain and sleep disturbances. Objectives This retrospective pretest design aimed to assess the efficacy of an Internet-delivered sound healing intervention in reducing insomnia severity and addressing sleep- and pain-related parameters among individuals with chronic pain. Methods Conducted as a community-based project, Tuning for Health provided support to individuals grappling with long-term illnesses. The intervention involved the virtual delivery of a specially crafted sound track using tuning forks over a 6-week period, supervised by an experienced therapist and administered weekly for an hour. Participants were instructed to play the track daily at a time convenient for them. A total of 68 participants (mean age 59.3 years) completed the intervention. Outcome measures, including the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), a sleep diary, and assessments for anxiety, depression, and pain-related parameters, were collected at the end of the 6-week intervention and repeated after a 6-month follow-up. Negative effects were monitored and reported. Results Significant immediate interaction effects (time by treatment) were observed for the pain severity, ISI and various sleep parameters, such as sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, early morning awakenings, and wake time after sleep onset. A time effect for anxiety and depression was noted at the 6-month follow-up. The group exhibited highly significant improvements in pain-related parameters. At the 6-month follow-up, sustained enhancements in sleep parameters and mental health were reported, with no reported side effects. Conclusions These unique results suggest the potential efficacy of sound healing in alleviating chronic pain and associated insomnia. Further research with a larger sample size is warranted to validate these findings. Combining sound healing with other treatments may offer enhanced outcomes for individuals dealing with both chronic pain and comorbid insomnia. This study lays the groundwork for future investigations into the promising intersection of sound healing, chronic pain management, and sleep improvement. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Published: 2024
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4. What is the impact of dexamethasone on postoperative pain in adults undergoing general anaesthesia for elective abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: C. Mitchell, S. J. Cheuk, C. M. O’Donnell, S. Bampoe, and D. Walker
Subjects: Dexamethasone, Postoperative pain, Abdominal surgery, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract: Abstract Background Previous meta-analysis of heterogeneous surgical cohorts demonstrated reduction in postoperative pain with perioperative intravenous dexamethasone, but none have addressed adults undergoing elective abdominal surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of intravenous perioperative dexamethasone on postoperative pain in adults undergoing elective abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia. Methods This review was prospectively registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42020176202). Electronic databases Medical Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Exerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), (CINAHL) Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science and trial registries were searched to January 28 2021 for randomised controlled trials, comparing dexamethasone to placebo or alternative antiemetic, that reported pain. The primary outcome was pain score, and secondary outcomes were time to first analgesia, opioid requirements and time to post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge. Results Fifty-two studies (5768 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. Pain scores ≤ 4 hour (h) were reduced in patients who received dexamethasone at rest (mean difference (MD), − 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) − 0.72 to − 0.35, I 2 = 81%) and on movement (MD − 0.42, 95% CI − 0.62 to − 0.22, I 2 = 35). In the dexamethasone group, 4–24 h pain scores were less at rest (MD − 0.31, 95% CI − 0.47 to − 0.14, I 2 = 96) and on movement (MD − 0.26, 95% CI − 0.39 to − 0.13, I 2 = 29) and pain scores ≥ 24 h were reduced at rest (MD − 0.38, 95% CI − 0.52 to − 0.24, I 2 = 88) and on movement (MD − 0.38, 95% CI − 0.65 to − 0.11, I 2 = 71). Time to first analgesia (minutes) was increased (MD 22.92, 95% CI 11.09 to 34.75, I 2 = 98), opioid requirements (mg oral morphine) decreased (MD − 6.66, 95% CI − 9.38 to − 3.93, I 2 = 88) and no difference in time to PACU discharge (MD − 3.82, 95% CI − 10.87 to 3.23, I 2 = 59%). Conclusions Patients receiving dexamethasone had reduced pain scores, postoperative opioid requirements and longer time to first analgesia. Dexamethasone is an effective analgesic adjunct for patients undergoing abdominal surgery.
Published: 2022
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5. The role of GABA in islet function

Author: D. Walker Hagan, Sandra M. Ferreira, Gustavo J. Santos, and Edward A. Phelps
Subjects: γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), islet, pancreas, signaling, receptor, insulin, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract: Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid and neurotransmitter that is produced in the islet at levels as high as in the brain. GABA is synthesized by the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), of which the 65 kDa isoform (GAD65) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. Originally described to be released via synaptic-like microvesicles or from insulin secretory vesicles, beta cells are now understood to release substantial quantities of GABA directly from the cytosol via volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC). Once released, GABA influences the activity of multiple islet cell types through ionotropic GABAA receptors and metabotropic GABAB receptors. GABA also interfaces with cellular metabolism and ATP production via the GABA shunt pathway. Beta cells become depleted of GABA in type 1 diabetes (in remaining beta cells) and type 2 diabetes, suggesting that loss or reduction of islet GABA correlates with diabetes pathogenesis and may contribute to dysfunction of alpha, beta, and delta cells in diabetic individuals. While the function of GABA in the nervous system is well-understood, the description of the islet GABA system is clouded by differing reports describing multiple secretion pathways and effector functions. This review will discuss and attempt to unify the major experimental results from over 40 years of literature characterizing the role of GABA in the islet.
Published: 2022
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6. External validation of the Surgical Outcome Risk Tool (SORT) in 3305 abdominal surgery patients in the independent sector in the UK

Author: K. Oakland, D. Cosentino, T. Cross, C. Bucknall, S. Dorudi, and D. Walker
Subjects: Pre-assessment, Surgery, Risk assessment, Outcomes, RD1-811
Abstract: Abstract Background Assessing the risk of post-surgical mortality is a key component of pre-surgical planning. The Surgical Outcome Risk Tool (SORT) uses pre-operative variables to predict 30-day mortality. The aim of this study was to externally validate SORT in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Methods Data were collected from patients treated in five independent hospitals in the UK. Individualised SORT scores were calculated, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) and precision-recall curves (PRC) plus 95% confidence intervals (CI) were drawn to test the ability of SORT to identify in-hospital death. Outcomes of patients with a SORT predicted risk of mortality of ≥ 5% (high risk) were compared to those with a predicted risk of < 5% (standard risk). Results The study population comprised 3305 patients, mean age 51 years, 2783 (84.2%) underwent elective surgery most frequently involving the colon (24.6%), or liver, pancreas or gallbladder (18.2%). Overall, 1551 (46.9%) patients were admitted to ICU and 29 (0.88%) died. The AUROC of SORT for discriminating patients at risk of death in hospital was 0.899 (95% CI 0.849 to 0.949) and the PRC 0.247. In total, 72 (2.18%) patients were stratified as high risk. There were more unplanned ICU admissions and deaths in this group compared to the standard risk group (25.0% and 3.3%, versus 3.1% and 0.5%, respectively). Conclusion We externally validated SORT in a large population of abdominal surgery patients. SORT performed well in patients with lower risk profiles, but underpredicted adverse outcomes in the higher risk group.
Published: 2021
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7. The emerging specialty of perioperative medicine: a UK survey of the attitudes and behaviours of anaesthetists

Author: J. S. L. Partridge, A. Rogerson, A. L. Joughin, D. Walker, J. Simon, M. Swart, and J. K. Dhesi
Subjects: Perioperative medicine, Barriers and facilitators, Service development, Education and training, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract: Abstract Background In 2014, the Royal College of Anaesthetists (RCoA) launched the Perioperative Medicine Programme to facilitate the delivery of best preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative care through implementation of evidence-based medicine to reduce variation and improve postoperative outcomes. However, variation exists in the establishment of perioperative medicine services in the UK. This survey explored attitudes and behaviours of anaesthetists towards perioperative medicine, described current anaesthetic-led perioperative medicine services across the UK and explored barriers to anaesthetic involvement in perioperative medicine. Methods Survey content based on the RCoA vision document was refined and validated using an expert panel. An anonymous electronic survey was then sent by email to the members of the RCoA. Results Seven hundred fifty-eight UK anaesthetists (4.5% of the RCoA mailing list) responded to the survey. Of these, 64% considered themselves a perioperative doctor, with 65% having changed local services in response to the RCoA vision. Barriers to developing perioperative medicine included insufficient time (75%) and inadequate training (51%). Three quarters of respondents advocate anaesthetists leading the development of perioperative medicine. Conclusions Despite evidence of emerging services, this survey describes barriers to ongoing development of perioperative medicine. Facilitators may include increased clinical exposure, targeted education and training and collaborative working with other specialties.
Published: 2020
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8. White Americans Report More Positive than Negative Affect after Writing a Personal Diversity Statement

Author: Ellen M. Carroll, Tammi D. Walker, and Alyssa Croft
Abstract: An increasing number of colleges and universities now require graduate student and faculty applicants to submit personal diversity statements for evaluation. Despite their rising use, little is known about how the personal diversity statement writing process is experienced by applicants. For White individuals in particular, their sources of egalitarian motivation may influence affective responses to writing a diversity statement given the content that is typical of these application components and the unease demonstrated in response to diversity-related contexts that is characteristic of White people with a strong external motivation to respond without prejudice. In the present study, White students at an American university participated in a personal diversity statement writing task and self-reported their motivation to respond without prejudice (in advance of the session) and affect (following the writing task). Despite prior research suggesting that they would feel otherwise, participants reported more positive affect compared to negative affect in relation to writing the diversity statement. When considering their sources of motivation, however, White individuals who were more externally motivated to respond without prejudice reported slightly more negative affect in reaction to the diversity statement writing task when compared to those low in external motivation. These findings have implications for the inclusion of personal diversity statements in candidate application materials at various levels of higher education.
Published: 2024
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9. The Emerald Handbook of Wellbeing in Higher Education: Global Perspectives on Students, Faculty, Leaders, and Institutions

Author: Keith D. Walker, Benjamin Kutsyuruba, Keith D. Walker, and Benjamin Kutsyuruba
Abstract: There has been an increased focus on the need to address the wellbeing and mental health challenges that affect humans across organizational settings, including the higher education sector. This comprehensive Handbook is organized into three sections: student wellbeing, faculty and leader wellbeing, and wellbeing initiatives at institutional or systems-level. Scholars from around the globe discuss initiatives, practices, and structures that provide a positive outlook on individual and organizational flourishing in higher learning and offer lessons from efforts to promote positive emotional and social aspects for students, leaders, and faculty. Topics include student resilience and leadership, supervisory relationships, appreciative mentoring, student thriving, issues of mental and physical health, faculty and leader wellbeing, development of wellbeing interventions and health promotion frameworks, and international student wellbeing. The interventions and experiences presented in "The Emerald Handbook of Wellbeing in Higher Education" are aimed at enhancing flourishing among students, faculty and staff, and across institutions. This Handbook will be helpful to higher education leaders and managers as they consider ways to promote and implement wellbeing strategies within their institutions, whilst encouraging all readers to adopt an appreciative, strengths-based, positive approach to teaching, learning, and leading in higher education contexts.
Published: 2024

10. Asynchronous Lecture Participation Negatively Predicts Exam Scores for Females and Students of Color in an Introductory Physiology Course during COVID-19

Author: Hana D. Zhou, J. D. Walker, and Dalay Olson
Abstract: In response to COVID-19, educators rapidly pivoted to new and innovative ways of delivering lecture material. The ability to host synchronous lectures on platforms like Zoom gave students continued access to classroom material in the face of an ongoing pandemic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in exam scores between students attending a physiology class (PHSL3051) synchronously via Zoom or asynchronously by viewing recorded lectures posted after class. Students in PHSL3051 were evaluated with four unit exams and one cumulative final exam. Although pooled analysis of all students showed that synchronous lecture viewing positively predicted exam scores, this positive association was even larger when the data were analyzed by gender and ethnicity. For female-identified students and students of color (SOC), attending lectures synchronously was associated with average scores on every unit exam that were higher by 2.7-7.4 percentage points. Moreover, the greater a student's synchronous participation in the course throughout the semester, the better that student's performance on the cumulative final exam was likely to be. These data highlight the need to better understand how different groups of undergraduate students select and respond to different assessment methods used in the same course, which may have long-term effects on their overall performance at 4-year institutions.
Published: 2024
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11. The NCAS mobile dual-polarisation Doppler X-band weather radar (NXPol)

Author: R. R. Neely III, L. Bennett, A. Blyth, C. Collier, D. Dufton, J. Groves, D. Walker, C. Walden, J. Bradford, B. Brooks, F. I. Addison, J. Nicol, and B. Pickering
Subjects: Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract: In recent years, dual-polarisation Doppler X-band radars have become a widely used part of the atmospheric scientist's toolkit for examining cloud dynamics and microphysics and making quantitative precipitation estimates. This is especially true for research questions that require mobile radars. Here we describe the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) mobile X-band dual-polarisation Doppler weather radar (NXPol) and the infrastructure used to deploy the radar and provide an overview of the technical specifications. It is the first radar of its kind in the UK. The NXPol is a Meteor 50DX manufactured by Selex-Gematronik (Selex ES GmbH), modified to operate with a larger 2.4 m diameter antenna that produces a 0.98∘ half-power beam width and without a radome. We provide an overview of the technical specifications of the NXPol with emphasis given to the description of the aspects of the infrastructure developed to deploy the radar as an autonomous observing facility in remote locations. To demonstrate the radar's capabilities, we also present examples of its use in three recent field campaigns and its ongoing observations at the NERC Facility for Atmospheric Radio Research (NFARR).
Published: 2018
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12. HRXRD study of the theoretical densities of novel reactive sintered boride candidate neutron shielding materials

Author: J.M. Marshall, D. Walker, and P.A. Thomas
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: Reactive Sintered Borides (RSBs) are novel borocarbide materials derived from FeCr-based cemented tungsten (FeCr-cWCs) show considerable promise as compact radiation armour for proposed spherical tokamak (Humphry-Baker, 2007 [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. Six candidate compositions (four RSBs, two cWCs) were evaluated by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the atomic composition, phase presence, and theoretical density.RSB compositions were evaluated with initial boron contents equivalent to 25 at%30 at%. All RSB compositions showed delamination and carbon enrichment in the bulk relative to the surface, consistent with non-optimal binder removal and insufficient sintering time. Phase abundance within RSBs derived from powder XRD was dominated by iron tungsten borides (FeWB/FeW2B2), tungsten borides (W2B5/WB) and iron borides. The most optimal RSB composition (B5T522W) with respect to physical properties and highest ρ/ρtheo had ρtheo = 12.59 ± 0.01 g cm−3 for ρ/ρtheo = 99.3% and had the weigh-in and post-sintered W: B: Fe abundance closest to 1: 1: 1. This work indicates that despite their novelty, RSB materials can be optimized and in principle be processed using existing cWC processing routes. Keywords: Radiation shielding, Nuclear fusion, Tungsten borides, Cemented carbides, XRD, Powder metallurgy
Published: 2020
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13. National profile of foot orthotic provision in the United Kingdom, part 2: podiatrist, orthotist and physiotherapy practices

Author: C. J. Nester, A. Graham, A. Martinez-Santos, A. E. Williams, J. McAdam, V. Newton, D. Sweeney, and D. Walker
Subjects: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract: Abstract Background A national survey recently provided the first description of foot orthotic provision in the United Kingdom. This article aims to profile and compare the foot orthoses practice of podiatrists, orthotists and physiotherapists within the current provision. Method Quantitative data were collected from podiatrists, orthotists and physiotherapists via an online questionnaire. The topics, questions and answers were developed through a series of pilot phases. The professions were targeted through electronic and printed materials advertising the survey. Data were captured over a 10 month period in 2016. Differences between professions were investigated using Chi squared and Fischer’s exact tests, and regression analysis was used to predict the likelihood of each aspect of practice in each of the three professions. Results Responses from 357 podiatrists, 93 orthotists and 49 physiotherapists were included in the analysis. The results reveal statistically significant differences in employment and clinical arrangements, the clinical populations treated, and the nature and volume of foot orthoses caseload. Conclusion Podiatrists, orthotists and physiotherapists provide foot orthoses to important clinical populations in both a prevention and treatment capacity. Their working context, scope of practice and mix of clinical caseload differs significantly, although there are areas of overlap. Addressing variations in practice could align this collective workforce to national allied health policy.
Published: 2018
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14. A learning health systems approach to improving the quality of care for patients in South Asia

Author: A. Beane, D. Wagstaff, A. Abayadeera, M. Wijeyaratne, G. Ranasinghe, S. Mirando, A. M. Dondorp, D. Walker, and R. Haniffa
Subjects: quality improvement, acute care, capacity building, surveillance, learning health systems, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Poor quality of care is a leading cause of excess morbidity and mortality in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). Improving the quality of healthcare is complex, and requires an interdisciplinary team equipped with the skills to design, implement and analyse setting-relevant improvement interventions. Such capacity is limited in many LMICs. However, training for healthcare workers in quality improvement (QI) methodology without buy-in from multidisciplinary stakeholders and without identifying setting-specific priorities is unlikely to be successful. The Care Quality Improvement Network (CQIN) was established between Network for Improving Critical care Systems and Training (NICST) and University College London Centre for Perioperative Medicine, with the aim of building capacity for research and QI. A two-day international workshop, in collaboration with the College of Surgeons of Sri Lanka, was conducted to address the above deficits. Innovatively, the CQIN adopts a learning health systems (LHS) approach to improving care by leveraging information captured through the NICST electronic multi-centre acute and critical care surveillance platform. Fifty-two delegates from across the CQIN representing clinical, civic and academic healthcare stakeholders from six countries attended the workshop. Mapping of care processes enabled identification of barriers and drivers to the delivery of care and facilitated the selection of feasible QI methods and matrices. Six projects, reflecting key priorities for improving the delivery of acute care in Asia, were collaboratively developed: improving assessment of postoperative pain; optimising sedation in critical care; refining referral of deteriorating patients; reducing surgical site infection after caesarean section; reducing surgical site infection after elective general surgery; and improving provision of timely electrocardiogram recording for patients presenting with signs of acute myocardial infarction. Future project implementation and evaluation will be supported with resources and expertise from the CQIN partners. This LHS approach to building capacity for QI may be of interest to others seeing to improve care in LMICs.
Published: 2019
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15. 'I Just Feel the Need to Be Good at Something, and That Thing Should Be Math': Acknowledging Asian/Asian American Identity in an Accelerated Mathematics Program

Author: Anila Yadavalli, J. D. Walker, Jeff J. Shi, and Jonathan Rogness
Abstract: The University of Minnesota Talented Youth Mathematics Program (UMTYMP) is a selective, five-year accelerated mathematics program for students in grades 6-12. During the program, students take college mathematics courses on University of Minnesota campuses, starting with algebra and continuing through logic and proofs, linear algebra, and multivariable calculus. The majority of UMTYMP students come from two demographic groups: White and Asian/Asian American. In 2020, we surveyed UMTYMP students to understand the impact of model minority stereotypes (MMS) on Asian/Asian American students, particularly girls, who are labeled as "gifted" and/or "talented." In this paper, we reveal the preliminary results of this study, discuss their implications, and provide recommendations for addressing the MMS in mathematics programs.
Published: 2024
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16. A mobile phone application to collect real-time live witnessed birth data for rapid provider debriefing to drive quality improvement for maternal and newborn health in Bihar, India

Author: H. Spindler, J. Dyer, A. Christmas, A. Janjua, H. Frank, M. Greenway, and D. Walker
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Published: 2016
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17. Designing and implementing an in-situ emergency obstetric and neonatal care (EmONC) simulation and team-training curriculum for midwife mentors to drive quality improvement in Bihar, India

Author: J. Dyer, S. Cohen, A. Christmas, P. Spencer, J. Taylor, H. Frank, J. Sterne, and D. Walker
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Published: 2016
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18. Design of Two Morphing Robot Surfaces and Results from a User Study On What People Want and Expect of Them, Towards a 'Robot-Room'.

Author: Nithesh Kumar, Hsin-Ming Chao, Bruno Dantas Da Silva Tassari, Elena Sabinson, Ian D. Walker, and Keith E. Green
Published: 2024
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19. A baseline quality assessment of delivery care at a rural Kenyan hospital prior to PRONTO training

Author: K. Bogaert, J. Dettinger, M. Kibore, O. Gachuno, J. Unger, and D. Walker
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Published: 2015
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20. Flickering Gamma Flashes, the Missing Link Between Gamma Glows and TGFs

Author: N Østgaard, A Mezentsev, M Marisaldi, J E Grove, M Quick, H Christian, S Cummer, M Pazos, Y Pu, M Stanley, D Sarria, T Lang, C Schultz, R Blakeslee, I Adams, R Kroodsma, G Heymsfield, N Lehtinen, K Ullaland, S Yang, B Hasan Qureshi, J Søndergaard, B Husa, D Walker, D Shy, M Bateman, P Bitzer, M Fullekrug, M Cohen, J Montanya, C Younes, O van der Velde, P Krehbiel, J A Roncancio, J A Lopez, M Urbani, A Santos, and D Mach
Subjects: Meteorology and Climatology, Space Radiation
Abstract: Two different hard radiation phenomena are known to originate from thunderclouds: Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) and gamma-ray glows. Both involve avalanche of electrons accelerated to relativistic energies but are different phenomena. Glows are known to last for one-to-hundreds of seconds, have moderate intensities and originate from quasi-stationary thundercloud fields. TGFs exhibit high intensities and have characteristic durations of tens-to-hundreds of microseconds. TGFs often show close association with emission of strong radio signals and optical pulses indicating involvement of lightning leaders in their generation. Here we report unique observations of a different phenomenon, which we call Flickering Gamma-ray Flashes (FGFs). FGFs resemble usual multi-pulse TGFs, but with larger number of pulses and each pulse has a longer duration than ordinary TGFs. FGF durations span from 20 to 250 milliseconds, which reaches the lower boundary of the gamma-ray glow duration. FGFs are radio and optically silent, which makes them distinct from normal TGFs. An FGF starts as an ordinary gamma-ray glow, then suddenly increases exponentially in intensity, and turns into an unstable, “flickering” mode with a sequence of pulses. FGFs could be the missing link between the gamma-ray glows and conventional TGFs, whose absence has been puzzling atmospheric electricity community for two decades.
Published: 2024

21. Highly Dynamic Gamma-Ray Emissions Are Common in Tropical Thunderclouds

Author: M Marisaldi, N Østgaard, A Mezentsev, T Lang, J E Grove, D Shy, G M Heymsfield, P Krehbiel, R J Thomas, M Stanley, D Sarria, C Schultz, R Blakeslee, M G Quick, H Christian, I Adams, R Kroodsma, N Lehtinen, K Ullaland, S Yang, B Hasan Qureshi, J Søndergaard, B Husa, D Walker, M Bateman, D Mach, S Cummer, M Pazos, Y Pu, P Bitzer, M Fullekrug, M Cohen, J Montanya, C Younes, O van der Velde, J A Roncancio, J A Lopez, M Urbani, and A Santos
Subjects: Meteorology and Climatology
Abstract: Thunderstorms emit fluxes of gamma rays known as gamma-ray glows, sporadically observed by aircraft, balloons and from ground. Glows are observed as increased gamma-ray emissions by tens of percent up to two orders of magnitude above the background, sometimes abruptly terminated by lightning discharges. Glows are produced by the acceleration of energetic electrons in high electric field regions within thunderclouds, and contribute to charge dissipation. Glows are considered as quasi�-stationary phenomena, with durations up to a few tens of seconds and spatial scales up to 10-20 kilometers. No measurement of the full extension in space and time of a gamma� ray glow region and their occurring frequency has been reported so far. Here we show that tropical thunderclouds over ocean and coastal regions commonly emit gamma rays for hours over areas up to a few thousands of square kilometers. Emission is associated with deep convective cores; it is not uniform and continuous but shows characteristic timescales of 1-10 seconds and even sub-second for individual glows. The dynamics of gamma-glowing thunderclouds starkly contradicts the quasi-stationary picture of glows, but rather resembles that of a huge gamma-glowing «boiling pot» both in pattern and behavior.
Published: 2024

22. Variation in the costs of delivering routine immunization services in Peru

Author: D. Walker, N. R. Mosqueira, M.E. Penny, C.F. Lanata, A.D. Clark, C.F.B. Sanderson, and J.A. Fox-Rushby
Subjects: Inmunización, Programas de inmunización, Vacunas, Niño, Costos y análisis de costo, Análisis de varianza, Estudio comparativo, Perú, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Estimates of vaccination costs usually provide only point estimates at national level with no information on cost variation. In practice, however, such information is necessary for programme managers. This paper presents information on the variations in costs of delivering routine immunization services in three diverse districts of Peru: Ayacucho (a mountainous area), San Martin (a jungle area) and Lima (a coastal area). METHODS: We consider the impact of variability on predictions of cost and reflect on the likely impact on expected cost-effectiveness ratios, policy decisions and future research practice. All costs are in 2002 prices in US$ and include the costs of providing vaccination services incurred by 19 government health facilities during the January-December 2002 financial year. Vaccine wastage rates have been estimated using stock records. FINDINGS: The cost per fully vaccinated child ranged from US$ 16.63-24.52 in Ayacucho, US$ 21.79-36.69 in San Martin and US$ 9.58-20.31 in Lima. The volume of vaccines administered and wastage rates are determinants of the variation in costs of delivering routine immunization services. CONCLUSION: This study shows there is considerable variation in the costs of providing vaccines across geographical regions and different types of facilities. Information on how costs vary can be used as a basis from which to generalize to other settings and provide more accurate estimates for decision-makers who do not have disaggregated data on local costs. Future studies should include sufficiently large sample sizes and ensure that regions are carefully selected in order to maximize the interpretation of cost variation.
Published: 2004

23. Improving quality of obstetric and neonatal care through midwife mentoring and simulation training in Bihar, India: mentor knowledge assessments

Author: A. Romo, M. Morgan, A. Christmas, A. Jacob, H. Frank, J. Dyer, H. Spindler, and D. Walker
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Published: 2016
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24. A qualitative exploration of misperceptions, expectations and attitudes towards professional midwifery in Guatemala

Author: A. Summer, S. Guendelman, E. Kestler, and D. Walker
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Published: 2016
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25. Educators' Perceptions of Teacher Continuity in Public Primary Schools in a British Overseas Territory

Author: Fayanne D. Walker
Abstract: The problem that was addressed through this basic qualitative study is a shortage of qualified primary teachers in the target school system due to yearly teacher turnover. The purpose of this study was to explore primary teachers' perceptions of motivators and challenges related to continuity in the target school system. Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory, which addresses how internal motivational factors and external hygiene factors underpin work attitudes and job satisfaction, served as the conceptual framework girding the study. The research questions were designed to explore how primary teachers in the target school system perceive motivators and challenges toward teacher continuity. Purposive sampling was used to identify 15 participants who were interviewed at the study site in a British Overseas Territory. Thematic data analysis was used to identify the themes of the study, which included effective school leadership, passion for the profession, nurturing environment, relations and connections, making differences, time and flexibility as significant motivators. The themes that emerged as challenges were heavy workload, rapid changes and unrealistic expectations, inconsistent mentorship, limited opportunities, and student discipline. The motivators allowed the participants to buffer the challenges they experienced and sustain their continuity as teachers at the study site. The research findings are meant to increase stakeholders' awareness to produce strategies and practices that promote continuity in the profession that can influence long-term, positive social change. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
Published: 2023

26. A Qualitative Case Study to Understand High School Graduates' Experiences in a Career and Technical Education Center's Hospitality and Tourism Program

Author: Etinne D. Walker
Abstract: As the hospitality and tourism workforce evolves high school Career and Technology Education (CTE) hospitality and tourism programs must remain relevant and innovative (Gauthier, 2020). One of the main goals of offering hospitality and tourism as a program of study during high school is to transition graduates into the hospitality and tourism workforce (Texas Education Agency, 2019). The problem remains in determining why students do not pursue a long-term career in hospitality and tourism, despite CTE efforts in investing financial resources into CTE high school programs. I used qualitative methodology for this study to understand hospitality and tourism graduates' experiences in the hospitality education program at Ace CTE Center in rural North Texas and to explore why these graduates did not pursue a career in hospitality and tourism after graduation. I applied the seven elements of Lent and Brown's Social Cognitive Career Theory (2008) to examine hospitality students' career decisions about not working in the hospitality industry. There were four participants in this study. Each participant responded to a questionnaire. I conducted two semi structured interviews with each participant. Information obtained from participants revealed strengths and weaknesses of the Career and Technology Education hospitality and tourism program and assessed reasons for the lack of interest in the hospitality and tourism industry after high school graduation. The findings from the study reveal participant experiences in the hospitality and tourism program and why they chose not to pursue a career in hospitality and tourism. The implications from this study indicate connections between the elements of Lent and Brown's (2008) Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) framework and graduates' decisions not to pursue a career in the hospitality and tourism industry. The findings in this study confirm that the elements that create SCCT theoretical framework are still relevant in the 21st century and directly impact student decisions about pursuing a career in the hospitality and tourism industry. As a result, I encourage key stakeholders to utilize the findings from this study to streamline work-based programs and strategize educational priorities to improve the student experience in the hospitality and tourism program. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
Published: 2023

27. Controlled nitrogen incorporation in GaNSb alloys

Author: M. J. Ashwin, T. D. Veal, J. J. Bomphrey, I. R. Dunn, D. Walker, P. A. Thomas, and T. S. Jones
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The incorporation of N in molecular-beam epitaxy of GaNxSb1−x alloys with x ⩽ 0.022 has been investigated as a function of temperature (325–400°C) and growth rate 0.25–1.6 μmh−1. At fixed growth rate, the incorporated N fraction increases as the temperature is reduced until a maximum N content for the particular growth rate reached. At each temperature, there is a range of growth rates over which the N content is inversely proportional to the growth rate; the results are understood in terms of a kinetic model. The systematic growth rate- and temperature-dependence enables the N content and resulting band gap to be controlled.
Published: 2011
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28. MultiTurnCleanup: A Benchmark for Multi-Turn Spoken Conversational Transcript Cleanup.

Author: Hua Shen, Vicky Zayats, Johann C. Rocholl, Daniel D. Walker, and Dirk Padfield
Published: 2023
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29. Closed Loop Control of Tendon Driven Continuum Robots Using IMUs.

Author: Manu Srivastava, Richard Groff, and Ian D. Walker
Published: 2023
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30. Soft Continuum Robot Airbag Integrated with Passive Walker for Fall Mitigation.

Author: Jacob Thompson and Ian D. Walker
Published: 2023
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31. On Tendon Driven Continuum Robots with Compressible Backbones.

Author: Manu Srivastava and Ian D. Walker
Published: 2023
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32. Toward Wireless Fronthaul for Cloud RAN Architectures.

Author: Dave Townend, Ryan Husbands, Stuart D. Walker, and Adrian Sharples
Published: 2023
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33. Teaching BERT to Wait: Balancing Accuracy and Latency for Streaming Disfluency Detection.

Author: Angelica Chen, Vicky Zayats, Daniel D. Walker, and Dirk Padfield
Published: 2022
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34. Urban Wireless Multi-hop x-Haul for Future Mobile Network Architectures.

Author: Dave Townend, Stuart D. Walker, Adrian Sharples, and Andy Sutton
Published: 2022
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35. Performance and Scaling of Parallel Systems with Blocking Start and/or Departure Barriers.

Author: Brenton D. Walker, Stefan Bora, and Markus Fidler
Published: 2022
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36. 3D Concrete Printing with Macro-micro Robots.

Author: Ian D. Walker, Venkat N. Krovi, Abdul B. Peerzada, Adhiti Raman, Prasad Rangaraju, Matthias J. Schmid, and Manu Srivastava
Published: 2022
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37. A Continuum Robot Surface of Woven, McKibben Muscles Embedded in and Giving Shape to Rooms.

Author: Grace Tan, Harrison Hidalgo, Hsin-Liu Kao, Ian D. Walker, and Keith E. Green
Published: 2022
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38. 3D Printing of Concrete with a Continuum Robot Hose Using Variable Curvature Kinematics.

Author: Manu Srivastava, Jake Ammons, Abdul B. Peerzada, Venkat N. Krovi, Prasad Rangaraju, and Ian D. Walker
Published: 2022
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39. AircraftVerse: A Large-Scale Multimodal Dataset of Aerial Vehicle Designs.

Author: Adam B. Cobb, Anirban Roy, Daniel Elenius, F. Michael Heim, Brian Swenson, Sydney Whittington, James D. Walker, Theodore Bapty, Joseph Hite, Karthik Ramani, Christopher McComb, and Susmit Jha
Published: 2023

40. Mechanism and effects of pulsatile GABA secretion from cytosolic pools in the human beta cell.

Author: Menegaz, Danusa, Hagan, D Walker, Almaça, Joana, Cianciaruso, Chiara, Rodriguez-Diaz, Rayner, Molina, Judith, Dolan, Robert M, Becker, Matthew W, Schwalie, Petra C, Nano, Rita, Lebreton, Fanny, Kang, Chen, Sah, Rajan, Gaisano, Herbert Y, Berggren, Per-Olof, Baekkeskov, Steinunn, Caicedo, Alejandro, and Phelps, Edward A
Abstract: Pancreatic beta cells synthesize and secrete the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a paracrine and autocrine signal to help regulate hormone secretion and islet homeostasis. Islet GABA release has classically been described as a secretory vesicle-mediated event. Yet, a limitation of the hypothesized vesicular GABA release from islets is the lack of expression of a vesicular GABA transporter in beta cells. Consequentially, GABA accumulates in the cytosol. Here we provide evidence that the human beta cell effluxes GABA from a cytosolic pool in a pulsatile manner, imposing a synchronizing rhythm on pulsatile insulin secretion. The volume regulatory anion channel (VRAC), functionally encoded by LRRC8A or Swell1, is critical for pulsatile GABA secretion. GABA content in beta cells is depleted and secretion is disrupted in islets from type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients, suggesting that loss of GABA as a synchronizing signal for hormone output may correlate with diabetes pathogenesis.
Published: 2019

41. Two-particle Bose–Einstein correlations in $${ pp }$$ pp collisions at $$\mathbf {\sqrt{s} = 13}$$ s = 13 TeV measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Author: G. Aad, B. Abbott, D. C. Abbott, A. Abed Abud, K. Abeling, D. K. Abhayasinghe, S. H. Abidi, O. S. AbouZeid, N. L. Abraham, H. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, Y. Abulaiti, B. S. Acharya, B. Achkar, S. Adachi, L. Adam, C. Adam Bourdarios, L. Adamczyk, L. Adamek, J. Adelman, M. Adersberger, A. Adiguzel, S. Adorni, T. Adye, A. A. Affolder, Y. Afik, C. Agapopoulou, M. N. Agaras, A. Aggarwal, C. Agheorghiesei, J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra, F. Ahmadov, W. S. Ahmed, X. Ai, G. Aielli, S. Akatsuka, T. P. A. Åkesson, E. Akilli, A. V. Akimov, K. Al Khoury, G. L. Alberghi, J. Albert, M. J. Alconada Verzini, S. Alderweireldt, M. Aleksa, I. N. Aleksandrov, C. Alexa, D. Alexandre, T. Alexopoulos, A. Alfonsi, M. Alhroob, B. Ali, G. Alimonti, J. Alison, S. P. Alkire, C. Allaire, B. M. M. Allbrooke, B. W. Allen, P. P. Allport, A. Aloisio, A. Alonso, F. Alonso, C. Alpigiani, A. A. Alshehri, M. Alvarez Estevez, D. Álvarez Piqueras, M. G. Alviggi, Y. Amaral Coutinho, A. Ambler, L. Ambroz, C. Amelung, D. Amidei, S. P. Amor Dos Santos, S. Amoroso, C. S. Amrouche, F. An, C. Anastopoulos, N. Andari, T. Andeen, C. F. Anders, J. K. Anders, A. Andreazza, V. Andrei, C. R. Anelli, S. Angelidakis, A. Angerami, A. V. Anisenkov, A. Annovi, C. Antel, M. T. Anthony, M. Antonelli, D. J. A. Antrim, F. Anulli, M. Aoki, J. A. Aparisi Pozo, L. Aperio Bella, G. Arabidze, J. P. Araque, V. Araujo Ferraz, R. Araujo Pereira, C. Arcangeletti, A. T. H. Arce, F. A. Arduh, J.-F. Arguin, S. Argyropoulos, J.-H. Arling, A. J. Armbruster, A. Armstrong, O. Arnaez, H. Arnold, G. Artoni, S. Artz, S. Asai, N. A. Asbah, E. M. Asimakopoulou, L. Asquith, K. Assamagan, R. Astalos, R. J. Atkin, M. Atkinson, N. B. Atlay, H. Atmani, K. Augsten, G. Avolio, R. Avramidou, M. K. Ayoub, A. M. Azoulay, G. Azuelos, M. J. Baca, H. Bachacou, K. Bachas, M. Backes, F. Backman, P. Bagnaia, H. Bahrasemani, A. J. Bailey, V. R. Bailey, J. T. Baines, M. Bajic, C. Bakalis, O. K. Baker, P. J. Bakker, D. Bakshi Gupta, S. Balaji, E. M. Baldin, P. Balek, F. Balli, W. K. Balunas, J. Balz, E. Banas, A. Bandyopadhyay, Sw. Banerjee, A. A. E. Bannoura, L. Barak, W. M. Barbe, E. L. Barberio, D. Barberis, M. Barbero, T. Barillari, M.-S. Barisits, J. Barkeloo, T. Barklow, R. Barnea, S. L. Barnes, B. M. Barnett, R. M. Barnett, Z. Barnovska-Blenessy, A. Baroncelli, G. Barone, A. J. Barr, L. Barranco Navarro, F. Barreiro, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, S. Barsov, R. Bartoldus, G. Bartolini, A. E. Barton, P. Bartos, A. Basalaev, A. Bassalat, R. L. Bates, S. J. Batista, S. Batlamous, J. R. Batley, B. Batool, M. Battaglia, M. Bauce, F. Bauer, K. T. Bauer, H. S. Bawa, J. B. Beacham, T. Beau, P. H. Beauchemin, F. Becherer, P. Bechtle, H. C. Beck, H. P. Beck, K. Becker, M. Becker, C. Becot, A. Beddall, A. J. Beddall, V. A. Bednyakov, M. Bedognetti, C. P. Bee, T. A. Beermann, M. Begalli, M. Begel, A. Behera, J. K. Behr, F. Beisiegel, A. S. Bell, G. Bella, L. Bellagamba, A. Bellerive, P. Bellos, K. Beloborodov, K. Belotskiy, N. L. Belyaev, D. Benchekroun, N. Benekos, Y. Benhammou, D. P. Benjamin, M. Benoit, J. R. Bensinger, S. Bentvelsen, L. Beresford, M. Beretta, D. Berge, E. Bergeaas Kuutmann, N. Berger, B. Bergmann, L. J. Bergsten, J. Beringer, S. Berlendis, N. R. Bernard, G. Bernardi, C. Bernius, F. U. Bernlochner, T. Berry, P. Berta, C. Bertella, I. A. Bertram, G. J. Besjes, O. Bessidskaia Bylund, N. Besson, A. Bethani, S. Bethke, A. Betti, A. J. Bevan, J. Beyer, R. Bi, R. M. Bianchi, O. Biebel, D. Biedermann, R. Bielski, K. Bierwagen, N. V. Biesuz, M. Biglietti, T. R. V. Billoud, M. Bindi, A. Bingul, C. Bini, S. Biondi, M. Birman, T. Bisanz, J. P. Biswal, D. Biswas, A. Bitadze, C. Bittrich, K. Bjørke, K. M. Black, T. Blazek, I. Bloch, C. Blocker, A. Blue, U. Blumenschein, G. J. Bobbink, V. S. Bobrovnikov, S. S. Bocchetta, A. Bocci, D. Bogavac, A. G. Bogdanchikov, C. Bohm, V. Boisvert, P. Bokan, T. Bold, A. S. Boldyrev, A. E. Bolz, M. Bomben, M. Bona, J. S. Bonilla, M. Boonekamp, H. M. Borecka-Bielska, A. Borisov, G. Borissov, J. Bortfeldt, D. Bortoletto, V. Bortolotto, D. Boscherini, M. Bosman, J. D. Bossio Sola, K. Bouaouda, J. Boudreau, E. V. Bouhova-Thacker, D. Boumediene, S. K. Boutle, A. Boveia, J. Boyd, D. Boye, I. R. Boyko, A. J. Bozson, J. Bracinik, N. Brahimi, G. Brandt, O. Brandt, F. Braren, B. Brau, J. E. Brau, W. D. Breaden Madden, K. Brendlinger, L. Brenner, R. Brenner, S. Bressler, B. Brickwedde, D. L. Briglin, D. Britton, D. Britzger, I. Brock, R. Brock, G. Brooijmans, W. K. Brooks, E. Brost, J. H. Broughton, P. A. Bruckman de Renstrom, D. Bruncko, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, L. S. Bruni, S. Bruno, B. H. Brunt, M. Bruschi, N. Bruscino, P. Bryant, L. Bryngemark, T. Buanes, Q. Buat, P. Buchholz, A. G. Buckley, I. A. Budagov, M. K. Bugge, F. Bührer, O. Bulekov, T. J. Burch, S. Burdin, C. D. Burgard, A. M. Burger, B. Burghgrave, J. T. P. Burr, J. C. Burzynski, V. Büscher, E. Buschmann, P. J. Bussey, J. M. Butler, C. M. Buttar, J. M. Butterworth, P. Butti, W. Buttinger, A. Buzatu, A. R. Buzykaev, G. Cabras, S. Cabrera Urbán, D. Caforio, H. Cai, V. M. M. Cairo, O. Cakir, N. Calace, P. Calafiura, A. Calandri, G. Calderini, P. Calfayan, G. Callea, L. P. Caloba, S. Calvente Lopez, D. Calvet, S. Calvet, T. P. Calvet, M. Calvetti, R. Camacho Toro, S. Camarda, D. Camarero Munoz, P. Camarri, D. Cameron, R. Caminal Armadans, C. Camincher, S. Campana, M. Campanelli, A. Camplani, A. Campoverde, V. Canale, A. Canesse, M. Cano Bret, J. Cantero, T. Cao, Y. Cao, M. D. M. Capeans Garrido, M. Capua, R. Cardarelli, F. Cardillo, G. Carducci, I. Carli, T. Carli, G. Carlino, B. T. Carlson, L. Carminati, R. M. D. Carney, S. Caron, E. Carquin, S. Carrá, J. W. S. Carter, M. P. Casado, A. F. Casha, D. W. Casper, R. Castelijn, F. L. Castillo, V. Castillo Gimenez, N. F. Castro, A. Catinaccio, J. R. Catmore, A. Cattai, J. Caudron, V. Cavaliere, E. Cavallaro, V. Cavasinni, E. Celebi, L. Cerda Alberich, K. Cerny, A. S. Cerqueira, A. Cerri, L. Cerrito, F. Cerutti, A. Cervelli, S. A. Cetin, Z. Chadi, D. Chakraborty, S. K. Chan, W. S. Chan, W. Y. Chan, J. D. Chapman, B. Chargeishvili, D. G. Charlton, T. P. Charman, C. C. Chau, S. Che, A. Chegwidden, S. Chekanov, S. V. Chekulaev, G. A. Chelkov, M. A. Chelstowska, B. Chen, C. Chen, C. H. Chen, H. Chen, J. Chen, S. Chen, S. J. Chen, X. Chen, Y. Chen, Y.-H. Chen, H. C. Cheng, H. J. Cheng, A. Cheplakov, E. Cheremushkina, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, E. Cheu, K. Cheung, T. J. A. Chevalérias, L. Chevalier, V. Chiarella, G. Chiarelli, G. Chiodini, A. S. Chisholm, A. Chitan, I. Chiu, Y. H. Chiu, M. V. Chizhov, K. Choi, A. R. Chomont, S. Chouridou, Y. S. Chow, M. C. Chu, X. Chu, J. Chudoba, A. J. Chuinard, J. J. Chwastowski, L. Chytka, K. M. Ciesla, D. Cinca, V. Cindro, I. A. Cioară, A. Ciocio, F. Cirotto, Z. H. Citron, M. Citterio, D. A. Ciubotaru, B. M. Ciungu, A. Clark, M. R. Clark, P. J. Clark, C. Clement, Y. Coadou, M. Cobal, A. Coccaro, J. Cochran, H. Cohen, A. E. C. Coimbra, L. Colasurdo, B. Cole, A. P. Colijn, J. Collot, P. Conde Muiño, E. Coniavitis, S. H. Connell, I. A. Connelly, S. Constantinescu, F. Conventi, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, F. Cormier, K. J. R. Cormier, L. D. Corpe, M. Corradi, E. E. Corrigan, F. Corriveau, M. J. Costa, F. Costanza, D. Costanzo, G. Cowan, J. W. Cowley, J. Crane, K. Cranmer, S. J. Crawley, R. A. Creager, S. Crépé-Renaudin, F. Crescioli, M. Cristinziani, V. Croft, G. Crosetti, A. Cueto, T. Cuhadar Donszelmann, A. R. Cukierman, S. Czekierda, P. Czodrowski, M. J. Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa, J. V. Da Fonseca Pinto, C. Da Via, W. Dabrowski, T. Dado, S. Dahbi, T. Dai, C. Dallapiccola, M. Dam, G. D’amen, V. D’Amico, J. Damp, J. R. Dandoy, M. F. Daneri, N. P. Dang, N. S. Dann, M. Danninger, V. Dao, G. Darbo, O. Dartsi, A. Dattagupta, T. Daubney, S. D’Auria, W. Davey, C. David, T. Davidek, D. R. Davis, I. Dawson, K. De, R. De Asmundis, M. De Beurs, S. De Castro, S. De Cecco, N. De Groot, P. de Jong, H. De la Torre, A. De Maria, D. De Pedis, A. De Salvo, U. De Sanctis, M. De Santis, A. De Santo, K. De Vasconcelos Corga, J. B. De Vivie De Regie, C. Debenedetti, D. V. Dedovich, A. M. Deiana, M. Del Gaudio, J. Del Peso, Y. Delabat Diaz, D. Delgove, F. Deliot, C. M. Delitzsch, M. Della Pietra, D. Della Volpe, A. Dell’Acqua, L. Dell’Asta, M. Delmastro, C. Delporte, P. A. Delsart, D. A. DeMarco, S. Demers, M. Demichev, G. Demontigny, S. P. Denisov, D. Denysiuk, L. D’Eramo, D. Derendarz, J. E. Derkaoui, F. Derue, P. Dervan, K. Desch, C. Deterre, K. Dette, C. Deutsch, M. R. Devesa, P. O. Deviveiros, A. Dewhurst, S. Dhaliwal, F. A. Di Bello, A. Di Ciaccio, L. Di Ciaccio, W. K. Di Clemente, C. Di Donato, A. Di Girolamo, G. Di Gregorio, B. Di Micco, R. Di Nardo, K. F. Di Petrillo, R. Di Sipio, D. Di Valentino, C. Diaconu, F. A. Dias, T. Dias Do Vale, M. A. Diaz, J. Dickinson, E. B. Diehl, J. Dietrich, S. Díez Cornell, A. Dimitrievska, W. Ding, J. Dingfelder, F. Dittus, F. Djama, T. Djobava, J. I. Djuvsland, M. A. B. Do Vale, M. Dobre, D. Dodsworth, C. Doglioni, J. Dolejsi, Z. Dolezal, M. Donadelli, B. Dong, J. Donini, A. D’onofrio, M. D’Onofrio, J. Dopke, A. Doria, M. T. Dova, A. T. Doyle, E. Drechsler, E. Dreyer, T. Dreyer, A. S. Drobac, Y. Duan, F. Dubinin, M. Dubovsky, A. Dubreuil, E. Duchovni, G. Duckeck, A. Ducourthial, O. A. Ducu, D. Duda, A. Dudarev, A. C. Dudder, E. M. Duffield, L. Duflot, M. Dührssen, C. Dülsen, M. Dumancic, A. E. Dumitriu, A. K. Duncan, M. Dunford, A. Duperrin, H. Duran Yildiz, M. Düren, A. Durglishvili, D. Duschinger, B. Dutta, D. Duvnjak, B. L. Dwyer, G. I. Dyckes, M. Dyndal, S. Dysch, B. S. Dziedzic, K. M. Ecker, R. C. Edgar, M. G. Eggleston, T. Eifert, G. Eigen, K. Einsweiler, T. Ekelof, H. El Jarrari, M. El Kacimi, R. El Kosseifi, V. Ellajosyula, M. Ellert, F. Ellinghaus, A. A. Elliot, N. Ellis, J. Elmsheuser, M. Elsing, D. Emeliyanov, A. Emerman, Y. Enari, M. B. Epland, J. Erdmann, A. Ereditato, M. Errenst, M. Escalier, C. Escobar, O. Estrada Pastor, E. Etzion, H. Evans, A. Ezhilov, F. Fabbri, L. Fabbri, V. Fabiani, G. 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Worm, B. K. Wosiek, K. W. Woźniak, K. Wraight, S. L. Wu, X. Wu, Y. Wu, T. R. Wyatt, B. M. Wynne, S. Xella, Z. Xi, X. Xiao, D. Xu, H. Xu, L. Xu, T. Xu, W. Xu, Z. Xu, B. Yabsley, S. Yacoob, K. Yajima, D. P. Yallup, D. Yamaguchi, Y. Yamaguchi, A. Yamamoto, F. Yamane, M. Yamatani, T. Yamazaki, Y. Yamazaki, Z. Yan, H. J. Yang, H. T. Yang, S. Yang, X. Yang, Y. Yang, W.-M. Yao, Y. C. Yap, Y. Yasu, E. Yatsenko, J. Ye, S. Ye, I. Yeletskikh, M. R. Yexley, E. Yigitbasi, K. Yorita, K. Yoshihara, C. J. S. Young, C. Young, J. Yu, R. Yuan, X. Yue, S. P. Y. Yuen, B. Zabinski, G. Zacharis, E. Zaffaroni, A. M. Zaitsev, T. Zakareishvili, N. Zakharchuk, S. Zambito, D. Zanzi, D. R. Zaripovas, S. V. Zeißner, C. Zeitnitz, G. Zemaityte, J. C. Zeng, O. Zenin, T. Ženiš, D. Zerwas, M. Zgubič, D. F. Zhang, F. Zhang, G. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, M. Zhang, R. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, P. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Z. Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, Z. Zheng, D. Zhong, B. Zhou, C. Zhou, M. S. Zhou, M. Zhou, N. Zhou, Y. Zhou, C. G. Zhu, H. L. Zhu, H. Zhu, J. Zhu, Y. Zhu, X. Zhuang, K. Zhukov, V. Zhulanov, D. Zieminska, N. I. Zimine, S. Zimmermann, Z. Zinonos, M. Ziolkowski, L. Živković, G. Zobernig, A. Zoccoli, K. Zoch, T. G. Zorbas, R. Zou, L. Zwalinski, and ATLAS Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract This paper presents studies of Bose–Einstein correlations (BEC) in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, using data from the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Data were collected in a special low-luminosity configuration with a minimum-bias trigger and a high-multiplicity track trigger, accumulating integrated luminosities of 151 $$\upmu $$ μ b $$^{-1}$$ - 1 and 8.4 nb $$^{-1}$$ - 1 , respectively. The BEC are measured for pairs of like-sign charged particles, each with $$|\eta | < 2.5$$ | η | < 2.5 , for two kinematic ranges: the first with particle $$p_{\mathrm {T}} > 100$$ p T > 100 MeV and the second with particle $$p_{\mathrm {T}} > 500$$ p T > 500 MeV. The BEC parameters, characterizing the source radius and particle correlation strength, are investigated as functions of charged-particle multiplicity (up to 300) and average transverse momentum of the pair (up to 1.5 GeV). The double-differential dependence on charged-particle multiplicity and average transverse momentum of the pair is also studied. The BEC radius is found to be independent of the charged-particle multiplicity for high charged-particle multiplicity (above 100), confirming a previous observation at lower energy. This saturation occurs independent of the transverse momentum of the pair.
Published: 2022
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42. Search for long-lived charginos based on a disappearing-track signature using 136 fb $$^{-1}$$ - 1 of pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$ s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Author: G. Aad, B. Abbott, D. C. Abbott, A. Abed Abud, K. Abeling, D. K. Abhayasinghe, S. H. Abidi, H. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, Y. Abulaiti, A. C. Abusleme Hoffman, B. S. Acharya, B. Achkar, L. Adam, C. Adam Bourdarios, L. Adamczyk, L. Adamek, J. Adelman, A. Adiguzel, S. Adorni, T. Adye, A. A. Affolder, Y. Afik, C. Agapopoulou, M. N. Agaras, J. Agarwala, A. Aggarwal, C. Agheorghiesei, J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra, A. Ahmad, F. Ahmadov, W. S. Ahmed, X. Ai, G. Aielli, S. Akatsuka, M. Akbiyik, T. P. A. Åkesson, A. V. Akimov, K. Al Khoury, G. L. Alberghi, J. Albert, M. J. Alconada Verzini, S. Alderweireldt, M. Aleksa, I. N. Aleksandrov, C. Alexa, T. Alexopoulos, A. Alfonsi, F. Alfonsi, M. Alhroob, B. Ali, S. Ali, M. Aliev, G. Alimonti, C. Allaire, B. M. M. Allbrooke, P. P. Allport, A. Aloisio, F. Alonso, C. Alpigiani, E. Alunno Camelia, M. Alvarez Estevez, M. G. Alviggi, Y. Amaral Coutinho, A. Ambler, L. Ambroz, C. Amelung, D. Amidei, S. P. Amor Dos Santos, S. Amoroso, C. S. Amrouche, C. Anastopoulos, N. Andari, T. Andeen, J. K. Anders, S. Y. Andrean, A. Andreazza, V. Andrei, S. Angelidakis, A. Angerami, A. V. Anisenkov, A. Annovi, C. Antel, M. T. Anthony, E. Antipov, M. Antonelli, D. J. A. Antrim, F. Anulli, M. Aoki, J. A. Aparisi Pozo, M. A. Aparo, L. Aperio Bella, N. Aranzabal, V. Araujo Ferraz, C. Arcangeletti, A. T. H. Arce, E. Arena, J.-F. Arguin, S. Argyropoulos, J.-H. Arling, A. J. Armbruster, A. Armstrong, O. Arnaez, H. Arnold, Z. P. Arrubarrena Tame, G. Artoni, H. Asada, K. Asai, S. Asai, N. A. Asbah, E. M. Asimakopoulou, L. Asquith, J. Assahsah, K. Assamagan, R. Astalos, R. J. Atkin, M. Atkinson, N. B. Atlay, H. Atmani, P. A. Atmasiddha, K. Augsten, S. Auricchio, V. A. Austrup, G. Avolio, M. K. Ayoub, G. Azuelos, D. Babal, H. Bachacou, K. Bachas, F. Backman, A. Badea, P. Bagnaia, H. Bahrasemani, A. J. Bailey, V. R. Bailey, J. T. Baines, C. Bakalis, O. K. Baker, P. J. Bakker, E. Bakos, D. Bakshi Gupta, S. Balaji, R. Balasubramanian, E. M. Baldin, P. Balek, E. Ballabene, F. Balli, W. K. Balunas, J. Balz, E. Banas, M. Bandieramonte, A. Bandyopadhyay, L. Barak, E. L. Barberio, D. Barberis, M. Barbero, G. Barbour, K. N. Barends, T. Barillari, M.-S. Barisits, J. Barkeloo, T. Barklow, B. M. Barnett, R. M. Barnett, A. Baroncelli, G. Barone, A. J. Barr, L. Barranco Navarro, F. Barreiro, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, U. Barron, S. Barsov, F. Bartels, R. Bartoldus, G. Bartolini, A. E. Barton, P. Bartos, A. Basalaev, A. Basan, I. Bashta, A. Bassalat, M. J. Basso, C. R. Basson, R. L. Bates, S. Batlamous, J. R. Batley, B. Batool, M. Battaglia, M. Bauce, F. Bauer, P. Bauer, H. S. Bawa, A. Bayirli, J. B. Beacham, T. Beau, P. H. Beauchemin, F. Becherer, P. Bechtle, H. P. Beck, K. Becker, C. Becot, A. J. Beddall, V. A. Bednyakov, C. P. Bee, T. A. Beermann, M. Begalli, M. Begel, A. Behera, J. K. Behr, C. Beirao Da Cruz E Silva, J. F. Beirer, F. Beisiegel, M. Belfkir, G. Bella, L. Bellagamba, A. Bellerive, P. Bellos, K. Beloborodov, K. 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Zaitsev, T. Zakareishvili, N. Zakharchuk, S. Zambito, D. Zanzi, S. V. Zeißner, C. Zeitnitz, G. Zemaityte, J. C. Zeng, O. Zenin, T. Ženiš, S. Zenz, S. Zerradi, D. Zerwas, M. Zgubič, B. Zhang, D. F. Zhang, G. Zhang, J. Zhang, K. Zhang, L. Zhang, M. Zhang, R. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. Zhang, Z. Zhang, P. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Z. Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, Z. Zheng, D. Zhong, B. Zhou, C. Zhou, H. Zhou, N. Zhou, Y. Zhou, C. G. Zhu, C. Zhu, H. L. Zhu, H. Zhu, J. Zhu, Y. Zhu, X. Zhuang, K. Zhukov, V. Zhulanov, D. Zieminska, N. I. Zimine, S. Zimmermann, M. Ziolkowski, L. Živković, A. Zoccoli, K. Zoch, T. G. Zorbas, O. Zormpa, W. Zou, L. Zwalinski, and ATLAS Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract A search for long-lived charginos produced either directly or in the cascade decay of heavy prompt gluino states is presented. The search is based on proton–proton collision data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of $$\sqrt{s}$$ s = 13 T $$\text {eV}$$ eV between 2015 and 2018 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 136 fb $$^{-1}$$ - 1 . Long-lived charginos are characterised by a distinct signature of a short and then disappearing track, and are reconstructed using at least four measurements in the ATLAS pixel detector, with no subsequent measurements in the silicon-microstrip tracking volume nor any associated energy deposits in the calorimeter. The final state is complemented by a large missing transverse-momentum requirement for triggering purposes and at least one high-transverse-momentum jet. No excess above the expected backgrounds is observed. Exclusion limits are set at 95% confidence level on the masses of the chargino and gluino for different chargino lifetimes. Chargino masses up to 660 (210) G $$\text {eV}$$ eV are excluded in scenarios where the chargino is a pure wino (higgsino). For charginos produced during the cascade decay of a heavy gluino, gluinos with masses below 2.1 T $$\text {eV}$$ eV are excluded for a chargino mass of 300 G $$\text {eV}$$ eV and a lifetime of 0.2 ns.
Published: 2022
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43. CD8 lymphocytes mitigate HIV-1 persistence in lymph node follicular helper T cells during hyperacute-treated infection

Author: Omolara O. Baiyegunhi, Jaclyn Mann, Trevor Khaba, Thandeka Nkosi, Anele Mbatha, Funsho Ogunshola, Caroline Chasara, Nasreen Ismail, Thandekile Ngubane, Ismail Jajbhay, Johan Pansegrouw, Krista L. Dong, Bruce D. Walker, Thumbi Ndung’u, and Zaza M. Ndhlovu
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Despite antiretroviral therapy, HIV often persists in tissue sanctuary sites. In this work, authors investigate HIV persistence and T cell responses in lymph node biopsies obtained from individuals who initiated antiretroviral therapy in Fiebig stage I and beyond.
Published: 2022
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