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1. X-BASE: the first terrestrial carbon and water flux products from an extended data-driven scaling framework, FLUXCOM-X

Author

J. A. Nelson, S. Walther, F. Gans, B. Kraft, U. Weber, K. Novick, N. Buchmann, M. Migliavacca, G. Wohlfahrt, L. Šigut, A. Ibrom, D. Papale, M. Göckede, G. Duveiller, A. Knohl, L. Hörtnagl, R. L. Scott, W. Zhang, Z. M. Hamdi, M. Reichstein, S. Aranda-Barranco, J. Ardö, M. Op de Beeck, D. Billesbach, D. Bowling, R. Bracho, C. Brümmer, G. Camps-Valls, S. Chen, J. R. Cleverly, A. Desai, G. Dong, T. S. El-Madany, E. S. Euskirchen, I. Feigenwinter, M. Galvagno, G. A. Gerosa, B. Gielen, I. Goded, S. Goslee, C. M. Gough, B. Heinesch, K. Ichii, M. A. Jackowicz-Korczynski, A. Klosterhalfen, S. Knox, H. Kobayashi, K.-M. Kohonen, M. Korkiakoski, I. Mammarella, M. Gharun, R. Marzuoli, R. Matamala, S. Metzger, L. Montagnani, G. Nicolini, T. O'Halloran, J.-M. Ourcival, M. Peichl, E. Pendall, B. Ruiz Reverter, M. Roland, S. Sabbatini, T. Sachs, M. Schmidt, C. R. Schwalm, A. Shekhar, R. Silberstein, M. L. Silveira, D. Spano, T. Tagesson, G. Tramontana, C. Trotta, F. Turco, T. Vesala, C. Vincke, D. Vitale, E. R. Vivoni, Y. Wang, W. Woodgate, E. A. Yepez, J. Zhang, D. Zona, and M. Jung

Subjects
Ecology, QH540-549.5, Life, QH501-531, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Mapping in situ eddy covariance measurements of terrestrial land–atmosphere fluxes to the globe is a key method for diagnosing the Earth system from a data-driven perspective. We describe the first global products (called X-BASE) from a newly implemented upscaling framework, FLUXCOM-X, representing an advancement from the previous generation of FLUXCOM products in terms of flexibility and technical capabilities. The X-BASE products are comprised of estimates of CO2 net ecosystem exchange (NEE), gross primary productivity (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET), and for the first time a novel, fully data-driven global transpiration product (ETT), at high spatial (0.05°) and temporal (hourly) resolution. X-BASE estimates the global NEE at −5.75 ± 0.33 Pg C yr−1 for the period 2001–2020, showing a much higher consistency with independent atmospheric carbon cycle constraints compared to the previous versions of FLUXCOM. The improvement of global NEE was likely only possible thanks to the international effort to increase the precision and consistency of eddy covariance collection and processing pipelines, as well as to the extension of the measurements to more site years resulting in a wider coverage of bioclimatic conditions. However, X-BASE global net ecosystem exchange shows a very low interannual variability, which is common to state-of-the-art data-driven flux products and remains a scientific challenge. With 125 ± 2.1 Pg C yr−1 for the same period, X-BASE GPP is slightly higher than previous FLUXCOM estimates, mostly in temperate and boreal areas. X-BASE evapotranspiration amounts to 74.7×103 ± 0.9×103 km3 globally for the years 2001–2020 but exceeds precipitation in many dry areas, likely indicating overestimation in these regions. On average 57 % of evapotranspiration is estimated to be transpiration, in good agreement with isotope-based approaches, but higher than estimates from many land surface models. Despite considerable improvements to the previous upscaling products, many further opportunities for development exist. Pathways of exploration include methodological choices in the selection and processing of eddy covariance and satellite observations, their ingestion into the framework, and the configuration of machine learning methods. For this, the new FLUXCOM-X framework was specifically designed to have the necessary flexibility to experiment, diagnose, and converge to more accurate global flux estimates.

Published
2024
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2. A robust data cleaning procedure for eddy covariance flux measurements

Author

D. Vitale, G. Fratini, M. Bilancia, G. Nicolini, S. Sabbatini, and D. Papale

Subjects
Ecology, QH540-549.5, Life, QH501-531, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

The sources of systematic error responsible for introducing significant biases in the eddy covariance (EC) flux computation are manifold, and their correct identification is made difficult by the lack of reference values, by the complex stochastic dynamics, and by the high level of noise characterizing raw data. This work contributes to overcoming such challenges by introducing an innovative strategy for EC data cleaning. The proposed strategy includes a set of tests aimed at detecting the presence of specific sources of systematic error, as well as an outlier detection procedure aimed at identifying aberrant flux values. Results from tests and outlier detection are integrated in such a way as to leave a large degree of flexibility in the choice of tests and of test threshold values, ensuring scalability of the whole process. The selection of best performing tests was carried out by means of Monte Carlo experiments, whereas the impact on real data was evaluated on data distributed by the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) research infrastructure. Results evidenced that the proposed procedure leads to an effective cleaning of EC flux data, avoiding the use of subjective criteria in the decision rule that specifies whether to retain or reject flux data of dubious quality. We expect that the proposed data cleaning procedure can serve as a basis towards a unified quality control strategy for EC datasets, in particular in centralized data processing pipelines where the use of robust and automated routines ensuring results reproducibility constitutes an essential prerequisite.

Published
2020
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3. Eddy covariance flux errors due to random and systematic timing errors during data acquisition

Author

G. Fratini, S. Sabbatini, K. Ediger, B. Riensche, G. Burba, G. Nicolini, D. Vitale, and D. Papale

Subjects
Ecology, QH540-549.5, Life, QH501-531, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Modern eddy covariance (EC) systems collect high-frequency data (10–20 Hz) via digital outputs of instruments. This is an important evolution with respect to the traditional and widely used mixed analog/digital systems, as fully digital systems help overcome the traditional limitations of transmission reliability, data quality, and completeness of the datasets.However, fully digital acquisition introduces a new problem for guaranteeing data synchronicity when the clocks of the involved devices themselves cannot be synchronized, which is often the case with instruments providing data via serial or Ethernet connectivity in a streaming mode. In this paper, we suggest that, when assembling EC systems in-house, aspects related to timing issues need to be carefully considered to avoid significant flux biases.By means of a simulation study, we found that, in most cases, random timing errors can safely be neglected, as they do not impact fluxes significantly. At the same time, systematic timing errors potentially arising in asynchronous systems can effectively act as filters leading to significant flux underestimations, as large as 10 %, by means of attenuation of high-frequency flux contributions. We characterized the transfer function of such filters as a function of the error magnitude and found cutoff frequencies as low as 1 Hz, implying that synchronization errors can dominate high-frequency attenuations in open- and enclosed-path EC systems. In most cases, such timing errors neither be detected nor characterized a posteriori. Therefore, it is important to test the ability of traditional and prospective EC data logging systems to assure the required synchronicity and propose a procedure to implement such a test relying on readily available equipment.

Published
2018
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5. Proximity Meteorological Observations for Wind-driven Grassland Wildfire Starts on the Southern High Plains

Author

T. Todd Lindley, Jeffrey D. Vitale, Wesley S. Burkett, and Micah-John Beierle

Abstract

Wildland fire behavior is highly dependent upon local meteorological conditions. While topography and the state of available fuels also influence fire behavior and spread, near-surface atmospheric conditions in proximity to wildland fires are the most dynamic determining variables for wildfire evolution. Recent episodes of drought across the southern High Plains have contributed to unprecedented wildfire activity in the region’s grasslands, including within the Texas Tech University West Texas Mesonet (WTM) domain. The juxtaposition of this meso-network with the occurrence of numerous wind-driven wildfires has provided a unique dataset of proximity meteorological observations useful in analyzing fire start environments. This study presents statistical analyses of WTM 2-m relative humidity and 6-m wind speed, parameters utilized in local Red Flag fire weather warning criteria, along with 2-m temperature in temporal and spatial proximity to 99 wind-driven grassland wildfire starts which occurred between January 2006 and May 2010. Since the state of vegetative fuels also influences fire behavior, but is dependent upon local weather, the proximity observations are used to calculate fine dead-fuel moisture and to examine pre-conditioning potential per the preceding humidity recoveries for each documented fire start. A comparison of the meteorological observations to local Red Flag warning criteria, which was met or exceeded for critical values of relative humidity and wind speed in 64% of the surveyed fire starts, also is included. Furthermore, seasonal and diurnal tendencies for local wind-driven wildfire activity are noted.

Published
2021
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9. Effects of Spatial Characteristics on the Spread of the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in Korea

Author

John N. Ng’ombe, Meilan An, Jeffrey D. Vitale, Kwideok Han, and Inbae Ji

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, 040301 veterinary sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Highly pathogenic, viruses, animal diseases, spatial dependence, lcsh:Medicine, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), medicine.disease_cause, complex mixtures, Poultry, Article, Disease Outbreaks, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Republic of Korea, medicine, Animals, Poultry Diseases, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Outbreak, food and beverages, virus diseases, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, spatial autoregressive model, Ducks, Geography, Influenza in Birds, Female, regional characteristics, Chickens
Abstract

This paper examines the effects of regional characteristics on the spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) during Korea’s 2016–2017 outbreak. A spatial econometric model is used to determine the effects of regional characteristics on HPAI dispersion using data from 162 counties in Korea. Results indicate the existence of spatial dependence, suggesting that the occurrence of HPAI in a county is significantly influenced by neighboring counties. We found that larger size poultry, including laying hens, breeders, and ducks are significantly associated with a greater incidence of HPAI. Among poultry, we found ducks as the greatest source of the spread of HPAI. Our findings suggest that those regions that are spatially dependent with respect to the spread of HPAI, such as counties that intensively breed ducks, should be the focus of surveillance to prevent future epidemics of HPAI.

Published
2021
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10. Do Dietary Supplements Improve Perceived Health Well-Being? Evidence from Korea

Author

Kwideok Han, Inbae Ji, Jeffrey D. Vitale, John N. Ng’ombe, and Dong-Hoon Kim

Subjects
Adult, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Health Status, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, lcsh:Medicine, Disease, Article, Perceived health, dietary supplements, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Regular exercise, Surveys and Questionnaires, Environmental health, Republic of Korea, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Family history, Exercise, 0303 health sciences, propensity score matching, business.industry, Confounding, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, health well-being, Well-being, Propensity score matching, Residence, business, average intake effects
Abstract

This study analyzes the self-reported intake of dietary supplements (DS) and their effects on perceived health well-being from a survey with 1210 adult respondents in Korea. To account for selectivity bias from observable confounders, we use a propensity score matching (PSM) model. Our findings show that demographics, health concerns, family history of disease, frequency of hospital visits, and regular exercise are positively associated with intake of DS among consumers. Results from PSM show that the intake of DS leads to significant improvements in perceived health well-being among DS takers relative to DS non-takers regardless of gender, urban residence, having self-reported diseases or not. The paper concludes with implications for policies that promote intake of DS in Korea.

Published
2021

11. Farm Management Practices Used by Wheat Producers in the Western Great Plains: Estimating Their Productivity and Profitability

Author

Jeffrey D. Vitale, Sean P. Keenan, Paul A. Burgener, Frank B. Peairs, N. C. Elliott, Gary L. Hein, Kris Giles, Gerald J. Michels, Francis M. Epplin, and Pilja Park Vitale

Subjects
Tillage, Agricultural science, Crop diversity, Winter wheat, General Engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Profitability index, Biology, Productivity, General Environmental Science
Published
2020
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12. FACTORS AFFECTING EFFICIENCY MEASURES OF WESTERN GREAT PLAINS WHEAT DOMINANT FARMS

Author

Pilja Park Vitale, Jeffrey D. Vitale, and Francis M. Epplin

Subjects
Economic efficiency, Economics and Econometrics, Scale efficiency, 05 social sciences, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Agricultural economics, Geography, Economic viability, 0502 economics and business, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, Allocative efficiency, 050207 economics, Inefficiency, Farm programs
Abstract

The Great Plains is the most important wheat producing region in the United States. Dwindling returns and changes in government farm programs have reduced wheat acreage, raising concerns over its future viability. Small farms and marginal areas are particularly vulnerable, including the western Great Plains (WGP). To assess the technical and economic viability of wheat farms, the efficiency of 141 wheat farms in the WGP was estimated. Results found substantial inefficiency among all producer types. The largest source of inefficiency was input use among smaller farms. The smaller farms were the most scale efficient, reducing concerns over their future viability.

Published
2018
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13. Dual cure composites: Could body temperature offset the absence of light activation?

Author

M Ferrante, D. Vitale, Morena Petrini, and Giuseppe Spoto

Subjects
Thermogravimetric analysis, Materials science, Radical, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Chemical reaction, 010406 physical chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Thermogravimetry, Polymerization, Differential thermal analysis, Thermal stability, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Thermal analysis
Abstract

Dual cure composites contain both chemically and light-induced polymerization initiators, taking advantage of both processes; however, some studies have suggested that in order to obtain a complete polymerization of the sample it is necessary to light activate the material. Indeed, there is controversy in the literature about the effective polymerization of dual composites in deeper cavity, where light can be strongly attenuated. On the other hand, other studies hypothesized that light activation could determine a rapid increment of the viscosity of the material, blocking the movement of free radicals and avoiding a perfect polymerization. The aim of this study is to evaluate through the thermal analysis and thermogravimetry if dual composite samples, cured only by chemical reaction for 1 h at body temperature of 37 °C, are characterized by the same properties of samples light cured for 40 s at room temperature. The thermogravimetric curve (TGA), the differential thermal analysis and the first derivative of loss of mass (DTG) have been analyzed. The average temperature at which 5% of mass loss occurred and the percentage of the average mass loss between 250 and 350 °C have been recorded. Results have shown that both groups were characterized by a similar thermal stability, compatible with a good polymerization degree and no statistically significant differences have been found.

Published
2018
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14. Post-anaesthesia pulmonary complications after use of muscle relaxants (POPULAR): a multicentre, prospective observational study

Author

Kirmeier E. a, Eriksson L. I. c, Lewald H. a, Jonsson Fagerlund, M. c Hoeft, A. f Hollmann, M. g Meistelman, C. e Hunter, J. M. d Ulm, K. b Blobner, M. aEmail Author, Abad Gurumeta, A. Abernethy, C. Abigail, P. Achaibar, K. Adam, E. Afshari, Agudelo Montoya, M. E. Akgün, F. N. Aletti, G. Alkış, N. Allan, K. Allan, A. Allaouchiche, B. Allcock, C. Almasy, E. Amey, I. Amigoni, M. Andersen, E. Andersson, P. Anipchenko, N. Antunes, P. Armstrong, E. Aslam, T. N. Aslin, B. Assunção, J. P. Ausserer, J. Avvai, M. Awad, Ayas Montero, B. Ayuso, M. Azevedo, P. Badarau, V. Badescu, Baiardo Redaelli, M. Baird, C. Baird, Y. Baker, T. Balaji, P. Bălan, C. Balandin, A. Balescu-Arion, C. Baliuliene, Baltasar Isabel, J. Baluch, S. N. Bandrabur, D. Bankewitz, C. Barber, K. Barbera, F. Barcraft-Barnes, H. Barletti, V. Barnett, G. Baron, K. Barros, A. Barsan, V. Bartlett, P. Batistaki, C. Baumgarten, G. Baytas, V. Beauchamp, Becerra Cayetano, I. A. Bell, S. Bellandi, M. Belletti, Belmonte Cuenca, J. Benitez-Cano, A. Beretta, L. Berger, M. Bergmann, N. Bergmark, Bermudez Lopez, M. Bernotaite, M. Beurskens, C. Bidd, H. Bifulco, F. Bignami, E. Bilic, A. Bilskiene, D. Bischoff, P. Bishop, L. Bjonness, T. Blaylock, H. Blethyn, K. Blincoe, T. Blokhin, I. Blunt, N. Boer, C. Bois, G. Bonicolini, E. Booth, J. Borecka-Kedzierska, M. Borstnar, K. Borys, M. Boselli, E. Bouvet, L. Bouwman, A. Bowen, L. Bowrey, S. Boxall, L. Božić, T. Bradley, T. Branco, T. Brazzi, L. Brazzoni, M. Brear, T. Brogly, N. Brohi, F. Broms, J. Bubliauskas, A. Bucolo, G. E. Buerkle, H. Buggy, D. Buhre, W. Bukauskas, T. Butturini, F. Byttner, Cabrera Díaz, I. Calderon, A. Calhau, R. Callejo, A. Cammu, G. Campesato, M. Can, Ö. S. Candeias, M. Cantor, A. Carise, E. Carmona, C. Carreteiro, J. Carrieri, C. Carter, A. Casal, M. Casanova, I. Cascella, M. Casero, L. M. Casiraghi, G. M. Castelo-Branco, Castro Arranz, C. Cernea, D. D. Cervantes, J. Chandler, B. Charnock, R. Chatzimicali, A. Chinery, E. Chishti, A. Chondhury, P. Christie, E. Christodoudiles, G. Ciardo, S. Cimpeanu, L. Cindea, I. Cinnella, G. Clark, S. Clayton, M. Cocu, S. Collyer, T. Colvin, C. Cope, S. Copeta, F. Copotoiu, S. -M., Correia de Barros, F. Corso, R. M. Cortegiani, A. Costa, G. Cowton, A. Cox, N. Craig, J. Cricca, V. Cronin, J. Cunha, M. Cuomo, A. Curley, K. Czuczwar, M. Dabrowska, D. Damster, Danguy des Déserts, M. Daniliuc, A. Danninger, T. Darwish, I. Dascalu, C. Davies, K. Davies, De Boer, De Flaviis, De Selincourt, G. Deana, C. Debaene, B. Debreceni, G. Dedhia, Delgado Garcia, Della Rocca, G. Delroy-Buelles, L. Desai, T. Dhillon, Di Giacinto, Di Mauro, Diaz Gomez, T. V. Dimitrovski, A. Dinic, V. Dîrzu, D. -S., Divander M. B., Dolinar J., Domingues S., Doolan J., Downes C., Dragoescu N. A., Droc G., Dum E., Dumitrescu A., Duncan L., Dzurňáková P., Eberl S., Edwards J., Edwards M., Ekelund K., Ekengren P., Elghouty E., Ellerkmann R., Ellis H., Elme A., Ernst T., Errando C. L., Estenes S., Ewaldsson C., Farid N., Featherstone J., Febres D., Fedorov S., Feggeler J., Feijten P., Fellmann T., Fernandez Candil, Fernandez Castineira, Fernández Castineira, J. Fernando, A. Ferrando, C. Ferreira, L. Ferreira, P. Feyling, A. Filipescu, D. Fleischer, A. Floris, L. Foerster, U. Fox, B. Franke, U. Frasca, D. Frey, C. Frost, V. Fullin, G. Fumagalli, J. Furneval, J. Fusari, M. Gallacher, S. Galushka, S. Gambale, G. Gambino, I. Garcia-Perez, M. L. Garg, S. Garlak, J. Gavranovic, Z. Gavrilov, R. Gaynor, Gecaj Gashi, A. Georghiou, M. Gerjevic, B. Gferer, G. Giarratano, A. Gibson, A. Gievski, V. Giles, J. Gillberg, L. Gilowska, Gilsanz Rodriguez, F. Gioia, A. Giovannoni, C. Girotra, V. Gkinas, D. Gkiokas, G. Godoroja, D. Goebel, U. Goel, V. Gonzalez, M. Goranovic, T. Gornik-Wlaszczuk, E. Gosavi, S. Gottfridsson, P. Gottschalk, A. Granell, M. Granstrom, A. Grassetto, A. Greenwood, A. Grigoras, I. Grintescu, I. Gritsan, A. Gritsan, G. Grynyuk, A. Guadagnin, G. M. Guarnieri, M. Güçlü, Guerrero Diez, M. Gunenc, F. Günther, U. Gupta, P. Guttenthaler, V. Hack, Y. Hafisayena, A. Hagau, N. Haldar, J. Hales, D. Hancı, V. Hanna-Jumma, S. Harazim, H. Harlet, P. Harper, D. Harris, B. Harvey, O. Hashimi, M. Hawkins, L. Hayes, C. Heaton, J. Heier, T. Helliwell, L. Hemmes, S. Henderson, K. Hermanides, J. Hermanns, Herrera Hueso, B. Hestenes, S. Hettiarachchi, R. Highgate, J. Hodgson, K. Hoelbling, D. Holland, J. Horhota, L. Hormis, A. Hribar, R. Hua, A. Humphreys, S. Humphries, R. Humpliková, S. Hunt, J. Husnain, A. Hussein, A. Hyams, B. Iannuccelli, F. Ilette, K. Ilyas, C. Inan, T. India, I. Ionițăv, V. Irwin, F. Jain, V. Janez, B. Jankovic, R. Jenkins, S. Jenko, M. Jimenez, Jiménez Gomez, B. Joachim, S. Joelsson-Alm, E. John, J. Jonikaite, L. Jovic, M. Jungwirth, B. Junke, E. Kabakov, B. Kadaoui, S. -D., Kanski A., Karadag S., Karbonskiene A., Karjagin J., Kasnik D., Katanolli F., Katsika E., Kaufmann K., Keane H., Kelly M., Kent M., Keraitiene G., Khudhur A., Khuenl-Brady K., Kidd L., King S., Kirchgäßner K., Klancir T., Klucniks A., Knotzer J., Knowlden P., Koers L., Kompan J., Koneti K. K., Kooij F., Koolen E., Koopman - van Gemert, A. W. M. M. Kopp, K. Korfiotis, D. Korolkov, O. Kosinová, M. Köstenberger, M. Kotzinger, O. Kovačević, M. Kranke, P. Kranke, E. Kraus, C. Kraus, S. Kubitzek, C. Kucharski, R. Kucukguclu, S. Kudrashou, A. Kumar, V. Kummen, L. Kunit, C. Kushakovsky, V. Kuvaki, B. Kuzmanovska, B. Kyttari, A. Landoni, G. Lau, G. Lazarev, K. Legett, S. Legrottaglie, A. M. Leonardi, S. Leong, M. Lercher, H. Leuvrey, M. Leva, B. Levstek, M. Limb, J. Lindholm, E. Linton, F. Liperi, C. Lipski, F. Lirk, P. Lisi, A. Lišková, Lluch Oltra, A. Loganathan, V. Lombardi, S. Lopez, Lopez Rodríguez, M. Lorenzini, L. Lowicka, M. Lugovoy, A. Luippold, M. Lumb, A. Macas, A. Macgregor, M. Machado, H. Maciariello, M. Madeira, I. Maitan, S. Majewski, J. Maldini, B. Malewski, G. Manfredini, L. Männer, O. Marchand, B. Marcu, A. Margalef, J. Margarson, M. Marinheiro, L. Markic, Markovic Bozic, J. Marrazzo, F. Martin, Martin Ayuso, M. Martinez, E. Martino, E. A. Martinson, V. Marusic-Gaser, K. Mascarenhas, C. Mathis, C. Matsota, P. Mavrommati, Mazul Sunko, B. McCourt, K. McGill, N. McKee, R. Meço, B. C. Meier, S. Melbourne, S. Melbybråthen, G. Meli, A. Melia, A. Melotti, R. M. Menga, M. R. Mercer, P. Merotra, S. Mescolini, S. Metterlein, T. Michalov, M. Michlig, S. Midgley, S. Milić, M. Milojevic, M. Miñana, A. Minto, G. Mirabella, L. Mirea, L. Mittelstädt, L. Moeglen, A. Moise, A. Mokini, Z. Molin, A. Moltó, L. Monea, M. C. Montalto, F. Montgomery, J. Montgomery, C. Montillo, G. Moore, S. Moore, F. Moreira, Z. Moreno, T. Moreno, R. Moret, E. Moreton, S. Morgan, Moro Velasco, C. Morri, D. Moull, A. Moura, F. Mráz, P. Mrozek, K. Mukhtar, K. Muniyappa, S. Murray, H. Murthy, B. V. Mushambi, M. Nadolski, M. Nardelli, P. Nardin, Navarro Pérez, R. Naveiro, A. Negri, Nesek Adam, V. Neskovic, V. Neuwersch, S. Neves, M. Nguyen, Ní Eochagáin, A. Nicholas, C. Nightingale, J. Norrie, K. Novak-Jankovic, V. Novakova, A. Novillo, M. Numan, S. Oduro-Dominah, L. Oldner, A. Oliveira, I. Ologoiu, D. Oloktsidou, I. O'Reilly, R. Orlando, A. Ovezov, A. Ozbilgin, S. Paal, Padin Barreiro, L. Palugniok, R. Papaioannou, A. Papapostolou, K. Paranthaman, Pardey Bracho, G. Parente, S. Parfeni, A. Pasin, L. Passey, S. Pastor, E. Patch, S. Patil, A. Paunescu, M. -A., Pehboeck D., Pereira M., Pereira C., Perez Caballero, Pérez García, Pérez Soto, Perez Tejero, G. Perez-Cerda, F. Pesenti, A. Petta, R. Philippe, S. Pickering, Pico Veloso, J. Pina, P. Pinho-Oliveira, V. Pinol, S. Pinto, R. Pistidda, L. Pitterle, M. Piwowarczyk, P. Plotnikova, O. Pohl, H. Poldermann, J. Polkovicová, L. Pompei, L. Popescu, M. Popović, Pota V, Potocnik M., Potręć B., Potter A., Pramod N., Prchalova M., Preckel B., Pugh R., Pulletz M., Radoeshki A., Rafi A., Ragazzi R., Raineri Santi, M. Rajamanickam, T. Rajput, Z. Ramachandran, R. Ramasamy, R. Ramessur, S. Rao, R. Rasmussen, A. Rato, A. Razaque, Real Navacerrada, M. I. Reavley, C. Reid, J. Reschreiter, H. Rial, Ribas Carrasco, P. Ribeiro, S. Rich, N. Richardson, L. Rimaitis, K. Rimaitis, M. Ringvold, E. -M., Ripke F., Ristescu I., Ritchie K., Ródenas F., Rodrigues P., Rogers E., Rogerson D., Romagnoli S., Romero E., Rondovic G., Rose B. O., Roth W., Rotter, M. -T., Rousseau G., Rudjord A., Rueffert H., Rundgren M., Rupprecht K., Rushton A., Russotto V., Rypulak E., Ryszka M., Sà J., Sà Couto, P. Saby, S. Sagic, J. Saleh, O. Sales, Sánchez Sánchez, Y. Sanghera, Şanli Karip, Santiveri Papiol, F. J. Santos, S. Sarno, S. Saul, D. Saunders, D. Savic, N. Scalco, L. Scanlon, D. Schaller, S. Schax, C. Scheffer, G. J. Schening, A. Schiavone, V. Schmidt-Ehrenberg, F. 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Ewa, Gosavi, Smita, Gottfridsson, peter, Gottschalk, André, Granell, Manuel, Granstrom, Anna, Grassetto, Alberto, Greenwood, Anna, Grigoras, Ioana, Grintescu, Ioana, Gritsan, Alexey, Gritsan, Galina, Grynyuk, Andriy, Guadagnin, Giovanni Maria, Guarnieri, Marcello, Güçlü, Çiğdem, Guerrero Diez, Maria, Gunenc, Ferim, Günther, Ulf, Gupta, Pawan, Guttenthaler, Vera, Hack, Yvonne, Hafisayena, Ade, Hagau, Natalia, Haldar, Jagannath, Hales, Dawn, Hancı, Volkan, Hanna-Jumma, Sameer, Harazim, Hana, Harlet, Pierre, Harper, Daniel, Harris, Benjamin, Harvey, Orla, Hashimi, Medita, Hawkins, Lesley, Hayes, Conrad, Heaton, Jame, Heier, Tom, Helliwell, Laurence, Hemmes, Sabrine, Henderson, Kate, Hermanides, Jeroen, Hermanns, Henning, Herrera Hueso, Berta, Hestenes, Siv, Hettiarachchi, Roshane, Highgate, Judith, Hodgson, Keith, Hoelbling, Daniel, Holland, Jonathan, Horhota, Lucian, Hormis, Anil, Hribar, Renata, Hua, Alina, Humphreys, Sally, Humphries, Ryan, Humpliková, Simona, Hunt, Janez, Husnain, Ali, Hussein, Ahmed, Hyams, Benjamin, Iannuccelli, Fabrizio, Ilette, Katie, Ilyas, Carl, Inan, Turgay, India, Immaculada, Ionițăv, Victor, Irwin, Foo, Jain, Vipul, Janez, Benedikt, Jankovic, Radmilo, Jenkins, Sarah, Jenko, Matej, Jimenez, Raquel, Jiménez Gomez, Bárbara, Joachim, Sugganthi, Joelsson-Alm, Eva, John, John, Jonikaite, Lina, Jovic, Miomir, Jungwirth, Bettina, Junke, Etienne, Kabakov, Bory, Kadaoui, Salah-Din, Kanski, Andrzej, Karadag, Süheyla, Karbonskiene, Aurika, Karjagin, Juri, Kasnik, Darja, Katanolli, Fato, Katsika, Eleni, Kaufmann, Kai, Keane, Helen, Kelly, Martin, Kent, Melanie, Keraitiene, Grazina, Khudhur, Ahmed, Khuenl-Brady, Karin, Kidd, Laurie, King, Siobhan, Kirchgäßner, Katharina, Klancir, Tino, Klucniks, Andri, Knotzer, Johann, Knowlden, Peter, Koers, Lena, Kompan, Janez, Koneti, Kiran K, Kooij, Fabian, Koolen, Eric, Koopman - van Gemert, Anna Wilhelmina Margaretha Maria, Kopp, Kristen, Korfiotis, Dimitrio, Korolkov, Oleg, Kosinová, Martina, Köstenberger, Marku, Kotzinger, Oskar, Kovačević, Marko, Kranke, Peter, Kranke, Eva, Kraus, Christiane, Kraus, Stephanie, Kubitzek, Christiane, Kucharski, Rafal, Kucukguclu, Semih, Kudrashou, Allaksandr, Kumar, Vinayak, Kummen, Live, Kunit, Cornelia, Kushakovsky, Vlad, Kuvaki, Bahar, Kuzmanovska, Biljana, Kyttari, Aikaterina, Landoni, Giovanni, Lau, Gary, Lazarev, Konstantin, Legett, Samantha, Legrottaglie, Anna Maria, Leonardi, Silvia, Leong, Maria, Lercher, Helene, Leuvrey, Matthieu, Leva, Brigitte, Levstek, Meta, Limb, Jame, Lindholm, Espen, Linton, Fiona, Liperi, Corradero, Lipski, Fabian, Lirk, Philipp, Lisi, Alberto, Lišková, Katarina, Lluch Oltra, Aitana, Loganathan, Vinothan, Lombardi, Stefania, Lopez, Eloisa, Lopez Rodríguez, Maria, Lorenzini, Laura, Lowicka, Malgorzata, Lugovoy, Alexander, Luippold, Madeleine, Lumb, Andrew, Macas, Andriu, Macgregor, Mark, Machado, Humberto, Maciariello, Maria, Madeira, Isabel, Maitan, Stefan, Majewski, Jacek, Maldini, Branka, Malewski, Georgia, Manfredini, Livia, Männer, Olja, Marchand, Bahareh, Marcu, Alexandra, Margalef, Jordi, Margarson, Michael, Marinheiro, Lucia, Markic, Ana, Markovic Bozic, Jasmina, Marrazzo, Francesco, Martin, Jane, Martin Ayuso, Maria, Martinez, Esteher, Martino, Enrico Antonio, Martinson, Victoria, Marusic-Gaser, Katarina, Mascarenhas, Catia, Mathis, Cindy, Matsota, Paraskevi, Mavrommati, Eleni, Mazul Sunko, Branka, McCourt, Killian, McGill, Neil, McKee, Raymond, Meço, Başak Ceyda, Meier, Sonja, Melbourne, Susan, Melbybråthen, Grethe, Meli, Andrea, Melia, Aiden, Melotti, Rita Maria, Menga, Maria Rosaria, Mercer, Pauline, Merotra, Susan, Mescolini, Silvia, Metterlein, Thoma, Michalov, Martin, Michlig, Sam, Midgley, Susan, Milić, Morena, Milojevic, Milan, Miñana, Amanda, Minto, Gary, Mirabella, Lucia, Mirea, Liliana, Mittelstädt, Ludger, Moeglen, Aude, Moise, Alida, Mokini, Zhirajr, Molin, Anna, Moltó, Lui, Monea, Maria Concetta, Montalto, Francesca, Montgomery, Jane, Montgomery, Claire, Montillo, Gerardo, Moore, Sally, Moore, Faye, Moreira, Zelia, Moreno, Tania, Moreno, Ricardo, Moret, Enrique, Moreton, Sarah, Morgan, Marianne, Moro Velasco, Concepción, Morri, Davide, Moull, Alice, Moura, Fernando, Mráz, Peter, Mrozek, Katarzyna, Mukhtar, Karim, Muniyappa, Sudeshkumar, Murray, Heather, Murthy, Burra VS, Mushambi, Mary, Nadolski, Maria, Nardelli, Pasquale, Nardin, Giordano, Navarro Pérez, Rosalía, Naveiro, Andrea, Negri, Manuela, Nesek Adam, Visnja, Neskovic, Vojislava, Neuwersch, Stefan, Neves, Miriam, Nguyen, Bavinh, Ní Eochagáin, Aisling, Nicholas, Caroline, Nightingale, Jeremy, Norrie, Kylie, Novak-Jankovic, Vesna, Novakova, Andrea, Novillo, Marta, Numan, Sandra, Oduro-Dominah, Louise, Oldner, Ander, Oliveira, Isabel, Ologoiu, Daniela, Oloktsidou, Irini, O'Reilly, Rosalind, Orlando, Alessandro, Ovezov, Alexey, Ozbilgin, Sule, Paal, Peter, Padin Barreiro, Lidia, Palugniok, Ryszard, Papaioannou, Alexandra, Papapostolou, Konstantino, Paranthaman, Prabhakar, Pardey Bracho, Gilda, Parente, Suzana, Parfeni, Alexandru, Pasin, Laura, Passey, Samuel, Pastor, Ernesto, Patch, Sarah, Patil, Andan, Paunescu, Marilena-Alina, Pehboeck, Daniel, Pereira, Manuela, Pereira, Carla, Perez Caballero, Paula, Pérez García, Aníbal, Pérez Soto, Antonia, Perez Tejero, Gisela, Perez-Cerda, Francisco, Pesenti, Antonio, Petta, Rocco, Philippe, Simon, Pickering, David, Pico Veloso, Jandro, Pina, Pedro, Pinho-Oliveira, Vítor, Pinol, Santiago, Pinto, Rita, Pistidda, Laura, Pitterle, Manuela, Piwowarczyk, Paweł, Plotnikova, Olga, Pohl, Holger, Poldermann, Jorinde, Polkovicová, Lucia, Pompei, Livia, Popescu, Mihai, Popović, Radmila, Pota, Vincenzo, Potocnik, Miriam, Potręć, Beata, Potter, Alison, Pramod, Nalwaya, Prchalova, Martina, Preckel, Benedikt, Pugh, Richard, Pulletz, Mark, Radoeshki, Aleksandar, Rafi, Amir, Ragazzi, Riccardo, Raineri Santi, Maurizio, Rajamanickam, Tamiselvan, Rajput, Zahra, Ramachandran, Rajeskar, Ramasamy, Radhika, Ramessur, Suneil, Rao, Roshan, Rasmussen, Ander, Rato, André, Razaque, Usman, Real Navacerrada, M. Isabel, Reavley, Caroline, Reid, Jame, Reschreiter, Henrik, Rial, Erick, Ribas Carrasco, Patricia, Ribeiro, Sandy, Rich, Nathalie, Richardson, Lydia, Rimaitis, Kestuti, Rimaitis, Mariu, Ringvold, Else-Marie, Ripke, Fabian, Ristescu, Irina, Ritchie, Keith, Ródenas, Frederic, Rodrigues, Patrícia, Rogers, Emma, Rogerson, David, Romagnoli, Stefano, Romero, Esther, Rondovic, Goran, Rose, Bernd Oliver, Roth, Winfried, Rotter, Marie-Therese, Rousseau, Guy, Rudjord, Ander, Rueffert, Henrik, Rundgren, Malin, Rupprecht, Korbinian, Rushton, Andrew, Russotto, Vincenzo, Rypulak, Elżbieta, Ryszka, Maciej, Sà, Jacinta, Sà Couto, Paula, Saby, Sandrine, Sagic, Jelena, Saleh, Omar, Sales, Gabriele, Sánchez Sánchez, Yván, Sanghera, Sumayer, Şanli Karip, Ceren, Santiveri Papiol, Francisco Javier, Santos, Sofia, Sarno, Stephen, Saul, Daniel, Saunders, David, Savic, Nenad, Scalco, Loïc, Scanlon, Deborah, Schaller, Stefan, Schax, Christoph, Scheffer, Gert Jan, Schening, Anna, Schiavone, Vincenzo, Schmidt-Ehrenberg, Florian, Schmidt-Mutter, Catherine, Schönberg, Christina, Schopflin, Christian, Schreiber, Jan-Uwe, Schultz, Marcu, Schurig, Marlen, Scott, Carmen, Sebestian, Siby, Sehgal, Selena, Sem, Victoria, Semenas, Egidiju, Serafini, Elena, Serchan, Pashalitsa, Shields, Martin, Shobha, Ramakrishnan, Shosholcheva, Mirjana, Siamansour, Tanja, Siddaiah, Narendra, Siddiqi, Khalid, Sinclair, Rhona, Singh, Permendra, Singh, Rajendra, Sinha, Aneeta, Sinha, Ashok, Skinner, Amanda, Smee, Elizabeth, Smekalova, Olga, Smith, Neil, Smith, Thoma, Smitz, Carine, Smole, Daniel, Sojčić, Nataša, Soler Pedrola, Maria, Somanath, Sameer, Sonksen, Julian, Sorella, Maria Christina, Sörmus, Alar, Soro, Marina, Soto, Carmen, Spada, Anna, Spadaro, Savino, Spaeth, Johanne, Sparr, Harald, Spielmann, Annika, Spindler-Vesel, Alenka, Stamelos, Matthaio, Stancombe L, Liucia, Stanculescu, Andreea, Standl, Thoma, Standley, Tom, Stanek, Ondrej, Stanisavljević, Snežana, Starczewska, Malgorzata, Stäuble, Christiane, Steen, Julie, Stefan, Oana Maria, Stell, Elizabeth, Stera, Caterina, Stevens, Marku, Stoerckel, Marlène, Stošić, Biljana, Stourac, Petr, Stroumpoulis, Konstantino, Struck, Rafael, Suarez de la Rica, Alejandro, Sultanpori, Altaf, Sundara Rajan, Rajinikanth, Suying, Ong, Svensen, Christer, Swan, Louise, Syrogianni, Paulina, Sysiak, Justyna, Szederjesi, Jano, Taddei, Stefania, Tan Hao, Ern, Tanou, Virginia, Tarabová, Katarina, Tardaguila Sancho, Paula, Tarroso, Maria, Tartaglione, Marco, Taylor, Emma, Tbaily, Lee, Telford, Richard, Terenzoni, Massimo, Theodoraki, Kassiani, Thornley, Helen, Tiganiuc, Liviu, Toim, Hardo, Tomescu, Dana, Tommasino, Concezione, Toni, Jessica, Toninelli, Arturo, Toretti, Ilaria, Townley, Stephen, Trepenaitis, Dariu, Trethowan, Brian, Tsaousi, Georgia, Tsiftsi, Aikaterini, Tudor, Adrada, Turan, Güldem, Turhan, Sanem Çakar, Unic-Stojanovic, Dragana, Unterbuchner, Christoph, Unzueta, Carmen, Uranjek, Jasna, Ursic, Tomaz, Vaida, Simona, Valldeperas Ferrer, Silvia, Valldeperas Hernandez, Maria Inmaculada, Valsamidis, Dimitri, Van Beek, Rienk, Van dasselaer, Nick, Van Der Beek, Tim, Van Duivenvoorde, Yoni, van Klei, Wilton A., Van Poorter, Fran, Van Zaane, Ba, Van Zundert, Tom, Van Zyl, Rebekka, Vargas Munoz, Ana Milena, Varsani, Nimu, Vasconcelos, Pedro, Vassilakis, Georgio, Vecchiatini, Tommaso, Vecera, Lubomir, Vercauteren, Marcel, Verdouw, Ba, Verheyen, Veerle, Verri, Marco, Vicari Sottosanti, Luigi Giancarlo, Vico, Manuel, Vidal Mitjans, Patricia, Vilardi, Anna, Vissicchio, Daniela, Vitale, Giovanni, Vitković, Bibiana, Vizcaychipi, Marcela Paola, Voicu, Alexandra, Voje, Minca, Volfová, Ivana, Volta, Carlo Alberto, Von Lutterotti, Theresa, von Tiesenhausen, Anna, Vrecic-Slabe, Simona, Vukcevic, Dejan, Vukovic, Rade, Vullo, P. Agostina, Wade, Andrew, Wallberg, Hanna, Wallden, Jakob, Wallner, Johann, Walther Sturesson, Louise, Watson, Davina, Weber, Stefan, Wegiel Leskiewiq, Anna, Weller, Debbie, Wensing, Carine, Werkmann, Marku, Westberg, Henrik, Wikström, Erik, Williams, Benedict, Wilson, Robin, Wirth, Steffen, Wittmann, Maria, Wood, Laura, Wright, Stella, Zachoval, Christian, Zambon, Massimo, Zampieri, Silvia, Zampone, Salvatore, Zangrillo, Alberto, Zani, Gianluca, Zavackiene, Asta, Zieglerder, Raphael, Zonneveldt, Harry, Zsisku, Lajo, Zucker, Tom-Philipp, Żukowski, Maciej, Zuleika, Mehrun, and Zupanĕiĕ, Darja

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, pulmonary complications, muscle relaxants, Post-anaesthesia complications, Neuromuscular Blockade, pulmonary complication, muscle relaxant, neuromuscular block, postoperative pulmonary complication, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, post-operative pulmonary complications, Neuromuscular monitoring, Neuromuscular Blocking Agents, Sugammadex, NO, Anaesthesia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, Anesthesia, Medicine, General anaesthesia, Neuromuscular Agents, 030212 general & internal medicine, MED/41 - ANESTESIOLOGIA, Prospective cohort study, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background: Results from retrospective studies suggest that use of neuromuscular blocking agents during general anaesthesia might be linked to postoperative pulmonary complications. We therefore aimed to assess whether the use of neuromuscular blocking agents is associated with postoperative pulmonary complications. Methods: We did a multicentre, prospective observational cohort study. Patients were recruited from 211 hospitals in 28 European countries. We included patients (aged ≥18 years) who received general anaesthesia for any in-hospital procedure except cardiac surgery. Patient characteristics, surgical and anaesthetic details, and chart review at discharge were prospectively collected over 2 weeks. Additionally, each patient underwent postoperative physical examination within 3 days of surgery to check for adverse pulmonary events. The study outcome was the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications from the end of surgery up to postoperative day 28. Logistic regression analyses were adjusted for surgical factors and patients' preoperative physical status, providing adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) and adjusted absolute risk reduction (ARRadj). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01865513. Findings: Between June 16, 2014, and April 29, 2015, data from 22 803 patients were collected. The use of neuromuscular blocking agents was associated with an increased incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients who had undergone general anaesthesia (1658 [7·6%] of 21 694); ORadj 1·86, 95% CI 1·53–2·26; ARRadj −4·4%, 95% CI −5·5 to −3·2). Only 2·3% of high-risk surgical patients and those with adverse respiratory profiles were anaesthetised without neuromuscular blocking agents. The use of neuromuscular monitoring (ORadj 1·31, 95% CI 1·15–1·49; ARRadj −2·6%, 95% CI −3·9 to −1·4) and the administration of reversal agents (1·23, 1·07–1·41; −1·9%, −3·2 to −0·7) were not associated with a decreased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Neither the choice of sugammadex instead of neostigmine for reversal (ORadj 1·03, 95% CI 0·85–1·25; ARRadj −0·3%, 95% CI −2·4 to 1·5) nor extubation at a train-of-four ratio of 0·9 or more (1·03, 0·82–1·31; −0·4%, −3·5 to 2·2) was associated with better pulmonary outcomes. Interpretation: We showed that the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs in general anaesthesia is associated with an increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Anaesthetists must balance the potential benefits of neuromuscular blockade against the increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Funding: European Society of Anaesthesiology.

Published
2019
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16. OVERCOMING THE POVERTY TRAP THROUGH EDUCATION: AN INTERGENERATIONAL STUDY ON INDONESIA

Author

Hilda L. Masniarita Pohan and Jefrey D. Vitale

Subjects
Net national income, Poverty, lcsh:HB71-74, business.industry, lcsh:Economics as a science, Distribution (economics), Income in kind, Poverty trap, Family life, Income distribution, Economics, poverty trap, education, income, intergenerational study, Socioeconomics, business, Productivity
Abstract

Poverty has an inter-generational dimension. Individuals born into poor families are constrained to obtain education. Low education leads to low productivity which then leads to low income. The purpose of this study is to present a case study of Indonesia’s experience with public expenditures on education and its effect on inter-generational poverty alleviation and medium term impact on individual income. This study uses Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) data consisting of families’ income, level of education, and health data over a ten year period. The results suggest that education explains the income variation. Parents’ income plays a bigger role in predicting children’s income than parents’ income. It suggests the importance of education in breaking the inter-generational poverty trap.

Published
2016
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17. Carbon assimilation and water use efficiency of a perennial bioenergy crop ( Cynara cardunculus L.) in Mediterranean environment

Author

A.D. Palumbo, G. Rana, D. Vitale, L. D’Andrea, and Rossana Monica Ferrara

Subjects
Canopy, Mediterranean climate, Atmospheric Science, Gross primary production, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Eddy covariance, Net ecosystem exchange, Respiration, Crop actual evapotranspiration, 01 natural sciences, Evapotranspiration, Water-use efficiency, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, biology, Cynara, Primary production, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Water use
Abstract

Here we investigate how cardoon ( Cynara cardunculus L.), energetic crop cultivated under Mediterranean climate in rainfed conditions, is adapted to the environment. Two main resources used for producing biomass are analysed in detail: water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Following micrometeorological approach, the eddy covariance technique has been used for monitoring H 2 O and CO 2 exchanges between canopy and atmosphere in order to investigate the dynamics of the cardoon growth at field level and to compute the Gross Primary Production (GPP). The dynamics of canopy CO 2 assimilation in terms of GPP, evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE GPP , as ratio between seasonal GPP and seasonal ET and WUE agro as ratio between yield and seasonal ET) were analysed during three successive growth seasons in a south Italy site. The environmental drivers of CO 2 assimilation and ET were analysed at instantaneous scale. The crop showed increasing resource use efficiency along the three seasons of experiment for all considered resources: in particular, for the last two seasons cumulated GPP increased and cumulated ET decreased. It seemed to require a season for its establishment to the environment, improving the use of water and CO 2 assimilation in the second and third season.

Published
2016
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18. A Multiple Imputation Strategy for Eddy Covariance Data

Author

M. Bilancia, D. Papale, and D. Vitale

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, net ecosystem exchange, Computer science, 020209 energy, Posterior probability, multiple imputations, General Decision Sciences, Multivariate normal distribution, eddy covariance, carbon budget, missing data, Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm, panel autoregressive distributed lag model (PADL), 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Linear regression, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Imputation (statistics), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Missing data, Computer Science Applications, Sampling distribution, Autoregressive model, Data mining, Marginal distribution, computer
Abstract

Half-hourly time series of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2, latent heat flux (LE) and sensible heat flux (H) measured through the micro-meteorological eddy covariance (EC) technique are noisy and show a high percentage of missing data. By using EC measurements that are part of the FLUXNET2015 dataset, we evaluate the performance of a multiple imputation (MI) strategy based on an efficient computational strategy introduced in Honaker and King (2010), combining the classic Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm with a bootstrap approach, in order to take draws from a suitable approximation of posterior distribution of model parameters. Armed with these instruments, we are able to introduce three new multiple imputation models, characterized by an increasing level of complexity, and built on top of multivariate normality assumption: 1) MLR, which imputes EC missing values using a static multiple linear regression of observed values of suitable input variables; 2) ADL, which enriches with dynamic properties the static specification of MLR, by considering an autoregressive distributed lag specification; 3) PADL, which adds further complexity by embedding the ADL model in a panel-data perspective. Under several artificial gap scenarios, we show that PADL has a better ability in modeling the complex dynamics of ecosystem fluxes and reconstructing missing data points, thus providing unbiased imputations and preserving the original sampling distribution. The added flexibility arising from the time series cross section structure of PADL warrants improved performances, outperforming those of other imputation methods, as well as of the marginal distribution sampling algorithm (MDS), a widely used gap-filling approach introduced by Reichstein et al. (2005), especially in the case of nighttime flux data. It is expected that the strategy proposed in this paper will become useful in creating multiple imputations for a variety of EC datasets, providing valid inferences for a broad range of scientific estimands (such as annual budgets).

Published
2018
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19. Criteria for the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc. (RIFM) safety evaluation process for fragrance ingredients

Author

Maria Lúcia Zaidan Dagli, D K Wilcox, J F Lalko, Yoshiki Miyachi, D. Salvito, B. Smith, Peter Calow, A.M. Api, W. Dekant, D. Vitale, Kevin J. Renskers, Daniel C. Liebler, Peter A. Cadby, L Kromidas, G. Ritacco, D. Belsito, C. Hickey, Peter Griem, Graham Ellis, M. Fukayama, Allison D. Fryer, Magnus Bruze, Valerie T. Politano, I. G. Sipes, and Terry W Schultz

Subjects
Societies, Scientific, Consumer Product Safety, Endpoint Determination, Process (engineering), Guidelines as Topic, Toxicology, Risk Assessment, ANÁLISE TOXICOLÓGICA, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Risk management, Exposure assessment, Environmental risk assessment, No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, Decision Trees, Academies and Institutes, Environmental Exposure, General Medicine, Environmental exposure, Perfume, Dermal sensitization, Risk analysis (engineering), Models, Animal, business, Risk assessment, DNA Damage, Food Science
Abstract

The Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc. (RIFM) has been engaged in the generation and evaluation of safety data for fragrance materials since its inception over 45 years ago. Over time, RIFM's approach to gathering data, estimating exposure and assessing safety has evolved as the tools for risk assessment evolved. This publication is designed to update the RIFM safety assessment process, which follows a series of decision trees, reflecting advances in approaches in risk assessment and new and classical toxicological methodologies employed by RIFM over the past ten years. These changes include incorporating 1) new scientific information including a framework for choosing structural analogs, 2) consideration of the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC), 3) the Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for dermal sensitization, 4) the respiratory route of exposure, 5) aggregate exposure assessment methodology, 6) the latest methodology and approaches to risk assessments, 7) the latest alternatives to animal testing methodology and 8) environmental risk assessment. The assessment begins with a thorough analysis of existing data followed by in silico analysis, identification of 'read across' analogs, generation of additional data through in vitro testing as well as consideration of the TTC approach. If necessary, risk management may be considered.

Published
2015
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20. Independence Day holiday weekend 2010 flood on the southern plains of West Texas

Author

Jeffrey D. Vitale, T. Todd Lindley, and John Lipe

Subjects
Hydrology, Atmospheric Science, Flood myth, media_common.quotation_subject, Storm, Management Science and Operations Research, Independence, Holiday weekend, Geography, Mesoscale convective vortex, Flash flood, Stage (hydrology), Precipitation, Computers in Earth Sciences, media_common
Abstract

An exceptionally rare flood and flash flood took place on the southern plains of West Texas during the Independence Day holiday weekend of 2010. Several daily and monthly record rainfall totals were broken across a wide region during this multi-day event. Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport recorded a storm total rainfall of 155 mm (6.12 in) over four days and set daily records on 2–3 July when 56 mm (2.19 in) and 83 mm (3.27 in) were observed, respectively. The most notable impact was the failure of an earthen dam that emptied a 2.4  10 5 m 2 (or 60 ac) lake along the Upper Brazos River. The resulting flood ruptured pipelines that led to an oil spill. Much of this excessive rainfall was due to the influence of moisture from the remnants of Hurricane Alex. This abundant tropical moisture set the stage to create heavy rainfall from 1 July through 4 July that reached a peak during the overnight of 3–4 July owing to a mesoscale convective vortex. Warm-rain precipitation production processes were greatly enhanced during this event and contributed to excessive heavy rainfall.

Published
2015
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21. Sweet Sorghum as Biofuel Feedstock: Nutrient Source, Yield, Soil Quality, Economics, and Manure Transportation

Author

Scott Fine, Chad B. Godsey, Chad J. Penn, Jeffrey D. Vitale, and J. B. Payne

Subjects
Nutrient, Agronomy, Biofuel, Yield (wine), Crop yield, Environmental science, Biofuel feedstock, Agronomy and Crop Science, Manure, Soil quality, Sweet sorghum
Abstract

Published in Agron. J. 106:1722–1734 (2014) doi:10.2134/agronj13.0530 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society of Agronomy, 5585 Guilford Road, Madison, WI 53711. All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ABSTRACT

Published
2014
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22. Vertical integration in West Africa's cotton industry: are parastatals a second best solution?

Author

Jeffrey D. Vitale, Emmanuel Tumusiime, and B. Wade Brorsen

Subjects
Factor market, Economics and Econometrics, business.industry, Principal–agent problem, Distribution (economics), Monopsony, Market structure, Market economy, Economics, Perfect competition, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, Capital market, Market failure
Abstract

This article provides a framework to compare market outcomes among vertically integrated monopsonies in the cotton sector of West Africa and alternative, more competitive market structures. Based on a principal agent framework, in the presence of factor market constraints, as well as capital market failure, efficiently operated cotton parastatals increase sector welfare and efficiency by providing input credits. In equilibrium, outcomes with the principal agent model suggest growers receive the reservation income to participate in cotton production while the principal (cotton company) extracts the surplus above the reservation income. Competitive markets entail more equitable distribution of benefits than with parastatal vertical integration, but credit and factor market constraints can still persist. Promotion of a competitive market system will not support cotton productivity growth unless stakeholders pursue complementary programs to develop credit markets and research and extension institutions. In the presence of current market failures, parastatals may be a second-best solution.

Published
2014
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23. Farmers’ Preferences for Cotton Cultivation Characteristics: A Discrete Choice Experiment in Burkina Faso

Author

Jeffrey D. Vitale, Godelieve Gheysen, Edouard I. R. Sanou, Juan Tur-Cardona, Bazoumana Koulibaly, and Stijn Speelman

Subjects
Agriculture and Food Sciences, GMOs, ADOPTION, Status quo, Bollgard II (R), EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN, VALUATION, media_common.quotation_subject, Social Sciences, Discrete choice experiment, farmers, 03 medical and health sciences, Agricultural science, GENETICALLY-MODIFIED COTTON, Pesticide use, BENEFITS, Burkina Faso, 0502 economics and business, TECHNOLOGY, Empirical evidence, WEST-AFRICA, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, Valuation (finance), 0303 health sciences, business.industry, discrete choice experiment, 05 social sciences, BT COTTON, EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE, Bollgard II®, Bt cotton, CROP, food and beverages, Economic benefits, Bt cotton, Agriculture, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, conditional logit model, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

While a fierce debate about the advantages and disadvantages of genetically modified crops is ongoing, it is surprising that farmers are often not consulted. In Burkina Faso, where insect resistant Bollgard II&reg, cotton (further termed Bt cotton) was commercially released in 2008, studies highlight that cotton producers are in general satisfied with the reduction in insecticide use while the economic benefits are a source of controversy. To gain insight into farmers&rsquo, preferences towards attributes in cotton cultivation, a discrete choice experiment (DCE) was developed. Five key attributes were identified to describe improved cotton varieties: seed development and provenance, seed costs, yield, required number of insecticide sprays, and preservation of agricultural practices. Farm-gate surveys were conducted among 324 cotton farmers in Western Burkina Faso. The results show that overall, farmers have a positive preference towards yield improvements and a negative preference towards pure private seed development and towards an increase in the requested number of insecticide applications or in the seed costs. According to their varieties at the time of the surveys (Bt and non-Bt), a difference was observed regarding their preferences for a status quo situation, indicating that those growing Bt had a stronger preference to keep the status quo than non-Bt farmers. When dividing the sample in segments based on the farm size, it was shown that there were different preferences with respect to the development of the variety and the required number of insecticide applications. Overall, it can be concluded from this study that economic benefits (linked to higher yields, lower seed costs, or reduced pesticide use) shape farmer&rsquo, s preferences.

Published
2019
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24. Operational recognition of high precipitation efficiency and low-echo-centroid convection

Author

Jeffrey D. Vitale and Ted Ryan

Subjects
Convection, Atmospheric Science, Meteorology, Echo (computing), Flash flood, Environmental science, Centroid, Storm, Precipitation, Management Science and Operations Research, Computers in Earth Sciences, Radar reflectivity, Reflectivity
Abstract

A rarely studied cause of flash flooding—the leading cause of weather-related fatalities in the United States—is from a type of convective cell called a low-echo centroid (LEC), where most of the reflectivity is within the warm portion of the cloud-bearing layer. Since the inception of the LEC classification, the definition has remained ambiguous and difficult to quantify. Operational identification of LEC convection is critical to anticipating flash flooding, because rainfall estimates from the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler often are too low. Four LEC convective cases are examined in order to refine the definition and to provide the characteristic features of these storms. From the sample events, two types of LEC storms were identified that shared features that would assist in their operational identification. Analyses indicated that radar reflectivity 60 dBZ should exist within the cell, the cell should possess a long-lived steady-state reflectivity of 45–55 dBZ, and the LEC cell should have increasing reflectivity as height decreases. The development of a system to assist operational forecasters in identification of the atmospheric parameters favoring LEC convection, and the real-time recognition of LEC events to support flash-flood-warning decision making, is an important effort to reducing unwarned and/or unexpected flooding events.

Published
2013
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25. MITOCHONDRIAL DIABETES IN CHILDREN FROM SOUTHERN ITALY

Author

MAZZACCARA, CRISTINA, IAFUSCO, DARIO, SIMONELLI, FRANCESCA, PRISCO, FRANCESCO, MASULLO, MARIOROSARIO, SACCHETTI, LUCIA, R. Liguori, M. Ferrigno, A. Galderisi, D. Vitale, P. Landolfo, C. Mazzaccara, D. Iafusco, R. Liguori, M. Ferrigno, A. Galderisi, D. Vitale, F. Simonelli, P. Landolfo, F. Prisco, M. Masullo, L. Sacchetti, Mazzaccara, Cristina, Iafusco, Dario, R., Liguori, M., Ferrigno, A., Galderisi, D., Vitale, Simonelli, Francesca, P., Landolfo, Prisco, Francesco, Masullo, Mariorosario, and Sacchetti, Lucia

Published
2011

26. Effect of low energy light irradiation by light emitting diode on U937 cells

Author

G, Spoto, V, De Iuliis, M, Petrini, V, Flati, J, Di Gregorio, D, Vitale, M, Caruso, V, Dadorante, M, Ciarmoli, I, Robuffo, S, Martinotti, and E, Toniato

Subjects
Inflammation, Caspase 3, Macrophages, Blotting, Western, Interleukin-8, NF-kappa B, Humans, Apoptosis, U937 Cells, Low-Level Light Therapy, Flow Cytometry, Cell Degranulation, Monocytes
Abstract

Photobiomodulation (PBM) can induce a set of different biological modulators either in vitro or in vivo. Experimental evidence has highlighted the role of light effects on the mechanisms related to inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy. The goal of this project was the evaluation of PBM on U937, an established cell line of histiocytic lymphoma origin. Several aspects of modulation of proinflammatory pathways were analyzed and autophagic and proapoptotic mechanisms related to low laser light exposure of cells were studied. As a source of low energy light emission, we used an NIR-LED device, characterized by an 880 nm-wavelength as light source. Flow cytometry analysis was performed on supernatants of controls and treated U937 cells to detect inflammatory cytokine levels. In order to evaluate NF-kB and caspase3 expressions, Western blot analysis was performed according to standard procedures. In this report, we show the effect of PBM on a monocyte/macrophage established tumor cell line (U-937). We demonstrate that LED exposure, in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), activates cell degranulation, increased expression of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and modulation of beta galactosidase activity. Evidence shows that the well-known pro-inflammatory nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and the apoptotic marker (caspase3/cleaved-caspase3 ratio) are up-regulated in response to a proinflammatory biochemical pathway.

Published
2017

27. Fragrance material review on phenethyl acetate

Author

C.S. Letizia, A.M. Api, D. Vitale, and D. McGinty

Subjects
Carboxylic acid, Guinea Pigs, Alcohol, Acetates, Toxicology, medicine.disease_cause, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Toxicity Tests, medicine, Animals, Humans, Organic chemistry, Toxicokinetics, Phenethyl acetate, Skin, chemistry.chemical_classification, Aryl, Skin sensitization, General Medicine, Phenylethyl Alcohol, Acute toxicity, Perfume, Rats, chemistry, Irritation, Food Science
Abstract

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of phenethyl acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. Phenethyl acetate is a member of the fragrance structural group aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid esters (AAASAE). The AAASAE fragrance ingredients are prepared by reacting an aryl alkyl alcohol with a simple carboxylic acid (a chain of 1-4 carbons) to generate formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate and carbonate esters. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicology and dermatology papers that are related to this individual fragrance ingredient and is not intended as a stand-alone document. Available data for phenethyl acetate were evaluated, then summarized, and includes: physical properties, acute toxicity, skin irritation, mucous membrane (eye) irritation, skin sensitization, elicitation, toxicokinetics, repeated dose, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity data. A safety assessment of the entire AAASAE will be published simultaneously with this document. Please refer to Belsito et al. (2012) for an overall assessment of the safe use of this material and all AAASAE in fragrances.

Published
2012
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28. Fragrance material review on phenethyl propionate

Author

C.S. Letizia, D. McGinty, D. Vitale, and A.M. Api

Subjects
Carboxylic acid, Alcohol, Toxicology, medicine.disease_cause, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, chemistry.chemical_compound, Toxicity Tests, medicine, Animals, Humans, Organic chemistry, Skin, chemistry.chemical_classification, Aryl, Skin sensitization, General Medicine, Fragrance ingredient, Perfume, Rats, Skin irritation, chemistry, Propionate, Rabbits, Propionates, Irritation, Food Science
Abstract

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of phenethyl propionate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. Phenethyl propionate is a member of the fragrance structural group aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid esters (AAASAE). The AAASAE fragrance ingredients are prepared by reacting an aryl alkyl alcohol with a simple carboxylic acid (a chain of 1-4 carbons) to generate formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate and carbonate esters. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicology and dermatology papers that are related to this individual fragrance ingredient and is not intended as a stand-alone document. Available data for phenethyl propionate were evaluated, then summarized, and includes: physical properties, acute toxicity, skin irritation, mucous membrane (eye) irritation, skin sensitization, and elicitation data. A safety assessment of the entire AAASAE will be published simultaneously with this document. Please refer to Belsito et al. (2012) for an overall assessment of the safe use of this material and all AAASAE in fragrances.

Published
2012
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29. Enhancing Sustainability of Cotton Production Systems in West Africa: A Summary of Empirical Evidence from Burkina Faso

Author

Jeffrey D. Vitale, Marc Ouattarra, and Gaspard Vognan

Subjects
Bollgard II, Geography, Planning and Development, TJ807-830, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, TD194-195, Agricultural economics, Renewable energy sources, West africa, jel:Q, Burkina Faso, Economics, Production (economics), GE1-350, Empirical evidence, Lagging, Productivity, adoption, pesticide, Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Bt cotton, sustainability, jel:Q0, Agricultural biotechnology, jel:Q2, jel:Q3, jel:Q5, Environmental sciences, jel:O13, Sustainability, jel:Q56
Abstract

Africa has been hesitant to adopt agricultural biotechnology, lagging behind global trends over the past decade. One exception is Burkina Faso, a West African country that commercially released 125,000 ha of Bt cotton in 2009. Bt cotton may serve as a working example of how African countries can enhance sustainability using modern, science-driven technology to increase production levels while reducing input use and energy consumption. This paper reports the potential impact that Bt cotton can have on sustainability in Burkina Faso’s cotton sector based by summarizing empirical evidence from previously published studies. Based on the summary of published data collected from six years of field trials and producer surveys, Bt cotton increased cotton yields by an average of 21.3% and raised income by $106.14 per ha. Using an energy balance model, the introduction of Bt cotton would also result in a 6.6% saving in energy use. The significant increase in productivity and economic returns could be the catalyst for Burkina Faso, and other African countries, to emerge from the decade or so of stagnation and regain their competitive stance in world cotton markets while providing environmental and social benefits.

Published
2011

30. The adoption of conservation tillage practices in Oklahoma: Findings from a producer survey

Author

R. Taylor, Jeffrey D. Vitale, Chad B. Godsey, and Jeffrey T. Edwards

Subjects
Conventional tillage, Erosion control, business.industry, Agroforestry, Soil Science, Crop rotation, Tillage, Geography, Agriculture, Livestock, Tobit model, Monoculture, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

Conservation tillage had initial roots in the Great Plains, but the current adoption of conservation tillage, especially no-till, lags behind in the rest of the United States. This paper documents the results of a recent survey of Oklahoma producers, which was conducted to assess the current status of conservation tillage in the state. Based on responses from 1,703 producers, econometric analysis was conducted to identify factors explaining the observed use of conservation tillage practices in Oklahoma. The survey found that conventional tillage remains the most common tillage practice among Oklahoma producers. According to the survey, conventional tillage is used on 43.2% of the state9s total acreage, conservation tillage on 26.7% of the total acreage, and reduced tillage on the remaining 30.1% of the crop acreage. A Tobit model was developed to explain patterns of tillage use based on producer characteristics and their perceptions on how conservation tillage performs relative to conventional tillage according to various economic and agronomic factors. The Tobit model identified operator age, farm size, crop rotation, knowledge, and erosion control as highly significant factors explaining the observed use of conservation tillage. The model results also identified potential constraints to conservation tillage adoption and use in the Southern Plains, suggesting that the unique needs of mixed crop-livestock farming systems, and the dominant winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) monoculture, hinder further diffusion of conservation tillage. Future policy should consider addressing the needs of Oklahoma producers, particularly crop producers heavily engaged in livestock activities, as well as finding viable rotation crops to provide alternatives for the winter wheat monoculture.

Published
2011
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31. Reduced Tillage Practices for the Southwestern US Peanut Production Region

Author

Kenneth E. Jackson, John P. Damicone, Phil G. Mulder, Kelly Suehs, Jeffrey D. Vitale, Chad B. Godsey, and Jon-Joseph Q. Armstrong

Subjects
Tillage, Soil resources, No-till farming, Agronomy, Yield (wine), Plant production, Economic analysis, PEST analysis, Biology, Weed
Abstract

Oklahoma growers have increased their adoption of strip tillage (strip-till) and no tillage (no-till) systems as a means of reducing production costs and conserving soil resources. An experiment was conducted over three years to study the effects of three tillage systems [(conventional till (CT), no-till (NT), and strip-till (ST)] on pod yield, peanut grade, pest pressure, and economic profitability. Insect, disease, and weed incidence were determined in each year of the study. Peanut yield and grade were determined by mechanically harvesting the plot. No consistent differences were detected between NT and CT in peanut grade or yield when tillage systems were combined across years. In addition, no consistent differences were observed in disease incidence and insect populations. Economic analysis indicated that the NT system saved $93 ha−1 and generated $179 ha−1 more revenue compared to the CT system. Reduced tillage practices, especially NT, seem to be a good fit for SW peanut production areas.

Published
2011
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32. Increasing incomes of Malian cotton farmers: Is elimination of US subsidies the only solution?

Author

Felix G. Baquedano, Jeffrey D. Vitale, and John H. Sanders

Subjects
Farm Gate, biology, Bt cotton, Farm income, Economics, Developing country, Animal Science and Zoology, Subsidy, Sorghum, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy and Crop Science, Agricultural economics, West africa
Abstract

In a WTO battle and the press the argument is often made that eliminating US cotton subsidies would have a large effect on the incomes and competitive position of farmers in developing countries. In Francophone West Africa cotton productivity has stagnated after rapid gains in the first two decades following independence (1960–1980). A farm model was constructed based on farmers’ definition of their decisionmaking framework which they use to respond to income and weather risks. With this model the effects on farmers of eliminating US subsidies are compared with various productivity increasing measures for cotton and sorghum in Dioila, Mali. Dioila is located in a representative cotton region producing 16% of the cotton in Mali. We include sorghum due to its importance for consumption and the observation of Malian farmers substituting cereals (sorghum and maize) for cotton as the returns to cotton have fallen in the 21st Century. In the farm model, the elasticity of transmission of a change in the world cotton price to the farm gate price is taken into account. The gains from eliminating US subsides are small. In contrast, the various technological alternatives including Bt cotton introduction, the use of higher fertilization levels for cotton, and the introduction of improved sorghum cultivars and moderate fertilization along with a marketing package all have substantially higher returns Even with substantial improvement in the mechanisms enabling farmers to benefit from the higher prices resulting from elimination of US subsidies, there are still much higher returns resulting from the various types of productivity increases. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2010
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33. Economic Profitability of Sustained Application of Swine Lagoon Effluent and Beef Feedlot Manure Relative to Anhydrous Ammonia in the Oklahoma Panhandle

Author

Seong Cheol Park, Jeffrey D. Vitale, Jason Clemn Turner, Jeffory A. Hattey, and Arthur L. Stoecker

Subjects
Agronomy, Loam, Crop yield, Feedlot, engineering, Environmental science, Fertilizer, Beef cattle, engineering.material, Agronomy and Crop Science, Organic fertilizer, Manure, Effluent
Abstract

With the rapid growth of swine (Sus scrofa domestica) production in the Oklahoma Panhandle, animal waste management has become a growing concern. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the long-term effects of equivalent nitrogen rates of swine lagoon effluent (SE), beef manure (BM), and commercial fertilizer on the yield and economic returns of irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) grown on calcareous Gruver silt loam soil (fine, mixed, superactive, mesic Aridic Paleustoll) near Goodwell, Oklahoma. A randomized, complete-block, split-plot design with three replications was used to test the main effects ofN source (NS) and equivalent N application rates (NR) of 56, 168, and 504 kg N ha -1 . Both BM and SE generated significantly (P BM > AA at 504 kg N ha -1 . Both SE and BM generated significantly (P < 0.05) higher economic returns than AA. The highest ranked alternatives of economic returns were generated by SE×504 and BMx 168. Results indicate that SE and BM can be economically viable substitutes for commercial fertilizer, bringing higher yields and economic benefits to producers in the Oklahoma Panhandle.

Published
2010
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34. Estimating the supply response of cotton and cereal crops in smallholder production systems: recent evidence from Mali

Author

Aminata Sidibé, Hamady Djourra, and Jeffrey D. Vitale

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Response model, biology, Crop production, Economics, Production (economics), Rural area, Sorghum, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy and Crop Science, Productivity, Agricultural economics, West africa
Abstract

Cotton is one of the most important crops in West Africa and is a major catalyst of economic development in rural areas, but the sector has suffered from a decline in the world cotton price after 1999. This article exploits an unusual data set following 82 farmers over 14 years, from 1994 through 2007, to estimate a Nerlovian supply response model for cotton, maize, sorghum, and millet in long-term rotation. The resulting system of equations is estimated with two-stage least squares (2SLS), showing that this sample of Malian cotton producers have responded to prices in a relatively inelastic manner, with supply elasticities only about one-half of those estimated for producers in developed countries. Policy reforms could help producers respond more easily to prices changes, as well as to raise average productivity levels.

Published
2009
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35. Rotational Effects in Oklahoma Peanut Production: Prospects for Peanut Rotations in the Post‐Quota Era

Author

Jerry Baker, James R. Sholar, Jerald Nickels, Chad B. Godsey, John P. Damicone, and Jeffrey D. Vitale

Subjects
biology, Agronomy, Growing region, Yield (wine), Economic analysis, Monoculture, Crop rotation, Sorghum, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy and Crop Science, Zea mays, Arachis hypogaea
Abstract

The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 greatly impacted the southwest (SW) peanut (Arachis hypogaea) growing region. Due to decreased market prices, peanut has lost favor in crop rotations to other crops such as cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Before 2002, a 12-yr peanut rotation study was conducted in Oklahoma to investigate the agronomic benefits and economics of rotating peanut with corn (Zea mays L.), cotton, and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Eight rotations were evaluated in 2- and 3-yr intervals. Incidence of disease, yield, and economic profit were evaluated each year. Twelve years of data indicated rotating peanut every third year with either corn or cotton increased peanut pod yield by 520 and 490 kg ha -1 , respectively, compared with the continuous peanut rotation. Two-year rotations of peanut with corn, cotton, or sorghum performed no better than the peanut monoculture. Economic analysis indicates that, even with the removal of the peanut quota system in 2000 and a 50% reduction in peanut prices, the peanut monoculture would still remain the most profitable choice for farmers, generating economic returns of $411 ha -1 , but would not be recommended due to increase in disease pressure. Recent increases in cotton yield indicate that a peanut-cotton rotation is the best rotation for southwest producers.

Published
2007
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36. Simulated Crop Yields Response to Irrigation Water and Economic Analysis: Increasing Irrigated Water Use Efficiency in the Indian Punjab

Author

S. K. Jalota, Jeffrey D. Vitale, Raghavan Srinivasan, and A. Sood

Subjects
Irrigation, Water conservation, Agronomy, Water table, Irrigation statistics, Deficit irrigation, Farm water, Environmental science, Water-use efficiency, Irrigation management, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

The Indian Punjab has been heralded for its technical achievements but increasingly criticized for leveraging its success on the environment. Irrigation has been one of the main pillars of the Punjab's Green Revolution. The availability of water has pushed rice and wheat productivity to new heights. Cheap water policies have enabled farmers to exploit groundwater. Water tables are shrinking in some areas, while water logging poses a major problem in other parts of the Indian Punjab. This article investigates the potential for reducing irrigation water use through policies that align irrigation water prices with their true social cost. This includes charging Punjabi farmers for irrigation water and introducing alternative, more water efficient crops. Results indicate that alternative crops, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], would enter cropping patterns provided that irrigation water prices moved to about 25% of the price charged by municipal water authorities. Shifting cropping patterns toward more water-efficient enterprises would decrease irrigation water use on a typical paddy by nearly 66%. Future policy considerations are required to offset the declines in producer welfare that would accompany the irrigation water pricing.

Published
2007
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37. On the discovery of millet prices in Mali*

Author

David A. Bessler and Jeffrey D. Vitale

Subjects
Macroeconomics, Liberalization, Geography, Planning and Development, Economics, Staple food, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Empirical evidence
Abstract

This article presents an analysis of the functioning of the staple food markets following privatisation and liberalisation in Mali. New econometric techniques are used to analyse how price changes are discovered and transmitted among spatially separated markets. Results provide empirical evidence that governments’ concerns over privatisation are largely unfounded.

Published
2006
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38. New markets and technological change for the traditional cereals in semiarid sub‐Saharan Africa: the Malian case

Author

Jeffrey D. Vitale and John H. Sanders

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, business.industry, Emerging technologies, Technological change, Subsidy, Agricultural economics, Supply and demand, Economics, Food processing, Sector model, Profitability index, Rainfed agriculture, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

During the last three decades in sub-Saharan Africa, development and research resources have concentrated on the higher-rainfall and irrigated regions, especially on export crops and the principal food crops grown there. There has been much less concern and investment in semiarid regions without irrigation. Another negative factor has been the lack of public policy concern with the profitability of the basic food crops. With good weather, prices collapse. With bad weather, governments and NGOs dispense food crops as food aid or at subsidized prices. This article documents the importance of the demand side to facilitate diffusion of new technologies for the basic food commodities of semiarid regions—the traditional cereals. With farm programming models aggregated into a sector model, the combination of technological change and demand shifts for sorghum are evaluated in one semiarid region where the traditional cereals are concentrated. It focuses on combining policies to increase the prices farmers receive after introduction of technologies that use higher input levels. It also compares benefits of a strategy that focuses on yield and demand increases for a traditional cereal of the semiarid region, sorghum, with two alternative strategies for the higher-rainfall zone.

Published
2005
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39. An anisotropic numerical model for thermal hydraulic analyses: application to liquid metal flow in fuel assemblies

Author

D Vitale Di Maio, Gianfranco Caruso, C. Galati, and F. Vitillo

Subjects
History, CFD, Turbulence, liquid metals, ALFRED, Materials science, business.industry, Turbulence, Turbulence modeling, Mechanical engineering, Reynolds stress, Computational fluid dynamics, Computer Science Applications, Education, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Thermal hydraulics, Fluid dynamics, Lead-cooled fast reactor, Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, business
Abstract

A CFD analysis has been carried out to study the thermal-hydraulic behavior of liquid metal coolant in a fuel assembly of triangular lattice. In order to obtain fast and accurate results, the isotropic two-equation RANS approach is often used in nuclear engineering applications. A different approach is provided by Non-Linear Eddy Viscosity Models (NLEVM), which try to take into account anisotropic effects by a nonlinear formulation of the Reynolds stress tensor. This approach is very promising, as it results in a very good numerical behavior and in a potentially better fluid flow description than classical isotropic models. An Anisotropic Shear Stress Transport (ASST) model, implemented into a commercial software, has been applied in previous studies, showing very trustful results for a large variety of flows and applications. In the paper, the ASST model has been used to perform an analysis of the fluid flow inside the fuel assembly of the ALFRED lead cooled fast reactor. Then, a comparison between the results of wall-resolved conjugated heat transfer computations and the results of a decoupled analysis using a suitable thermal wall-function previously implemented into the solver has been performed and presented.

Published
2015

40. Numerical study on Ingress of Coolant Event experiments with CONSEN code

Author

D Vitale Di Maio, Maria Teresa Porfiri, Gianfranco Caruso, and Porfiri, M. T.

Subjects
Source code, materials science, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Nuclear engineering, CONSEN, Numerical simulation, fusion reactors, ingress of coolant event, ITER, numerical simulation, safety analysis, nuclear energy and engineering, civil and structural engineering, mechanical engineering, Fusion reactor, Safety analysis, Fusion reactors, Ingress of Coolant Event, General Materials Science, Civil and Structural Engineering, media_common, Computer simulation, Mechanical Engineering, Experimental data, Fusion power, Coolant, Safety analysi, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Vacuum chamber, Transient (oscillation), Loss-of-coolant accident
Abstract

The Loss of Coolant Accident in a Vacuum Chamber is one of the safety issues for the fusion facilities. With the aim of validating computer codes able to simulate thermal-hydraulic transient events in fusion reactors, experimental tests were carried out for comparing experimental data with simulations results. Among others, the Integrated ICE test facility (JAERI) has been developed to reproduce the ITER reactor geometry with a scaling factor of 1/1600. In order to perform safety assessment of fusion reactors, several computer codes have been developed and among them CONSEN, a fast running computer code developed to simulate thermal-hydraulic transients. The present paper is aimed at identifying the CONSEN capability to reproduce the behavior of main physical parameters during an Ingress of Coolant Event and consequent loss of vacuum in the Plasma Chamber of a fusion reactor. In particular, the CONSEN simulations results are here compared with experimental data obtained at the modified Integrated ICE test facility during the tests P1 and P7. Simulation results and experimental data have been compared and a good agreement has been identified for most of analyzed parameters. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2015

41. Autonomic dysreflexia and foot and ankle surgery

Author

Susan J. Voorman, Thomas D. Vitale, James D. Giannakaros, Eric L. Kolodin, Todd A. Linsenmeyer, Karyn L. Goldberg, and Steven Kirshblum

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurological disorder, Perioperative Care, Central nervous system disease, Clinical Protocols, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Spinal cord injury, Tetraplegia, Spinal Cord Injuries, Foot, business.industry, Foot and ankle surgery, medicine.disease, Spinal cord, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anesthesia, Reflex, Autonomic Dysreflexia, Autonomic dysreflexia, Ankle, business
Abstract

Autonomic dysreflexia is a syndrome of massive imbalance of reflex sympathetic discharge occurring in patients with spinal cord injury with a lesion above the splanchnic outflow (Thoracic 6). Autonomic dysreflexia is characterized by a sudden and severe rise in blood pressure and is potentially life threatening. Because the onset of this entity is rapid and the potential morbidity is severe, it is important for those caring for spinal cord injury patients to be aware of this syndrome. The paper presents a review of the literature, and familiarizes one with the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment. Two illustrative case reports are also presented.

Published
2001
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42. Progress in Arabidopsis genome sequencing and functional genomics

Author

Micheline Vandenbol, M. Braeken, P. Mooijman, N. Weber, M. Lyne, D. Tacon, B. Obermaier, Wim G. Dirkse, H. Van den Daele, Guido Volckaert, D Frishmann, A. De Keyser, P. Kötter, Bénédicte Purnelle, E. Defoor, M. Kay, R. De Clercq, Sander Peters, R. Cooke, Petra Brandt, E. Piravandi, D. Haase, O. Massenet, H. Blöcker, Manuel Pérez-Alonso, I Gy, R. Villarroel, Leo Heijnen, Wolfgang Zimmermann, Rosario Liguori, S. Aubourg, E. Holzer, E. Bent, I. Bastiaens, T. Gibbons, A. Torres, M. Grimm, M. Scharfe, Martin D. Watson, D. Borkova, Berthold Fartmann, K. Granderath, Leslie A. Grivell, S. Schnabl, Anagnostis Argiriou, S. Dose, A. Düsterhöft, Rita Aert, J. Gielen, M. van Staveren, B. Reichert, I. Weltjens, Michael W. Bevan, Elena Casacuberta, S. Berneiser, A. Pettett, Amparo Monfort, C. Berger, S Müller-Auer, Barbara Harris, L. Clark, K. McLay, S. Stocker, Thomas Pohl, M. Kreis, B. McCullagh, R. Mayes, T. Jesse, C. Bielke, M. Rose, U. Ramsperger, K.-D. Entian, Willem J. Stiekema, Marleen Voet, A.C. Maarse, M. Braun, Mathias Müller, A. Herzl, A Perez-Perez, H. Hilbert, F. Vandenbussche, Michael A. Quail, G. Clabauld, S. Bray-Allen, Sindy Neumann, Vladimir Benes, J. Van der Schueren, Pere Puigdomènech, Kai Lemcke, A. Brandt, T. Weitzenegger, Patrik Scholler, S. Hempel, S. Schwarz, A. Lecharny, F. Quigley, M. de Haan, Y. J. Chuang, S. Johnson, C. Gabel, R. Hiller, C. Buysshaert, T. Schmidtheini, M. Fuchs, Javier Terol, Michel Delseny, W. Schmidt, Wilhelm Ansorge, L. Bilham, A. Cronin, D. Vitale, A. Mündlein, S. A. Langham, Steffen Heber, Michael A. Rieger, S. Lamberth, Nicola Lennard, V De Simone, Ian Bancroft, R. Klein Lankhorst, Joerg Hoheisel, D. Portatelle, M. Schäfer, T. H. Löhnert, S. Hall, R. Wambutt, P. Vos, C. Schüller, B. Grymonprez, George Murphy, Jane Rogers, M. Feldpausch, J. Hauf, M. Weichselgartner, P. Zaccaria, R. Mache, Marie-Adèle Rajandream, Hans-Werner Mewes, Nancy Terryn, S. Rechmann, G. Bothe, P. Ridley, J. Doggett, Klaus F. X. Mayer, R. Felber, Marc Boutry, H. Wedler, D. Dauner, M. Van Montagu, M. D. Bargues, Johan Robben, and Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety (SILS, FNWI)

Subjects
Genetics, Genome evolution, DNA, Plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis, Agriculture, Bioengineering, Genomics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, General Medicine, Genome project, Biology, Genome sequencing, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Genome, Genes, Cot analysis, Plant Research International, Gene density, Genome size, Genome, Plant, Biotechnology, Reference genome
Abstract

Arabidopsis thaliana has a relatively small genome of approximately 130 Mb containing about 10% repetitive DNA. Genome sequencing studies reveal a gene-rich genome, predicted to contain approximately 25 000 genes spaced on average every 4.5 kb. Between 10 to 20% of the predicted genes occur as clusters of related genes, indicating that local sequence duplication and subsequent divergence generates a significant proportion of gene families. In addition to gene families, repetitive sequences comprise individual and small clusters of two to three retroelements and other classes of smaller repeats. The clustering of highly repetitive elements is a striking feature of the A. thaliana genome emerging from sequence and other analyses.

Published
2000

43. Sequence and analysis of chromosome 4 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana

Author

C. Yordan, Bénédicte Purnelle, Kelsi Scott, S. Bray-Allen, T. Stoneking, Joseph A. Murray, B. McCullagh, A. Düsterhöft, K. Granderath, P. Vos, W. R. McCombie, Rita Aert, M. Feldpausch, Matt Cordes, M. Shekher, Joelle Kalicki, Kymberlie H. Pepin, R. Klein Lankhorst, Barbara Harris, A. Montfort, M. Cotton, J. Zhong, A. Pettett, Dmitrij Frishman, A. Brandt, S. Andrews, E. Holzer, T. Gibbons, Michael W. Bevan, S. Dose, M. Zidanic, M. Lodhi, Elena Casacuberta, D. Borkova, Thomas Pohl, K. McLay, M. Kreis, S. A. Langham, J. Cloud, Anagnostis Argiriou, L. Gnoj, B. Grymonprez, Ellson Y. Chen, K. Habermann, Michael A. Quail, David W. Johnson, M. de Haan, S. Granat, S. Johnson, S Müller-Auer, I'k. Swaby, Lucinda Fulton, C. Bielke, Joerg Hoheisel, H. Wedler, C. Berger, M. van Staveren, C. Gabel, M. Rose, P. Kötter, U. Ramsperger, G. Bothe, K.-D. Entian, N. Miller, H. Hilbert, Wilhelm Ansorge, Guido Volckaert, G. Clabauld, P. Ridley, A. Cronin, John Spieth, A. Hasegawa, K. Schutz, Joanne O. Nelson, David Bentley, S. Stocker, R. Shah, A. Johnson, J. Doggett, E. Ryan, R. Wambutt, A. Herzl, D. Dauner, R. Hiller, M. Weichselgartner, M. de la Bastide, H. Sun, Richard K. Wilson, Patrick Minx, R. Mayes, M. Van Montagu, L. Parnell, R. Preston, Johar Ali, Corinne E. Joshu, S. Aubourg, Marco A. Marra, Cindy Strong, M. Schäfer, A. Berghoff, M. D. Bargues, Rosario Liguori, Klaus F. X. Mayer, Lori Spiegel, J. Gielen, L. Bilham, P. Zaccaria, H. Van den Daele, V De Simone, A.C. Maarse, Ian Bancroft, Dan Layman, J. Hauf, A. Torres, R. De Clercq, R. Mache, Petra Brandt, R. Felber, Michael A. Rieger, K. Kemp, M. Lyne, D. Tacon, S. Till, Nicola Lennard, Leslie A. Grivell, J. Van der Schueren, S. Schnabl, D. Vitale, Hans-Werner Mewes, S. Hall, Nancy Terryn, A Perez-Perez, F. Vandenbussche, Kai Lemcke, S. Hempel, J. Hoffman, P. Ma, E. Piravandi, P. Latreille, Hui Du, Wolfgang Zimmermann, P. Francs, M. Grimm, Sindy Neumann, A. Abbott, Pere Puigdomènech, M. Kay, M. Braeken, A. Mündlein, G. Harmon, Leo Heijnen, W. Schmidt, Marc Boutry, Nadim Shohdy, J. Abu-Threideh, Patrik Scholler, F. Quigley, Marie-Adèle Rajandream, T. Greco, LaDeana W. Hillier, E. Defoor, Steffen Heber, Abdul Hameed, M. Braun, S. Rechmann, Johan Robben, L. Clark, Martin D. Watson, B. Obermaier, A. Matero, Tina Graves, F. Chefdor, B. Antonoiu, A. O'Shaughnessy, Wim G. Dirkse, I. Weltjens, D. Portatelle, Jason B. Kramer, T. H. Löhnert, M. Rodriguez, D. Vil, Robert A. Martienssen, D. Haase, O. Massenet, R. Villarroel, I. Bastiaens, P. Mooijman, N. Weber, Micheline Vandenbol, M. Scharfe, C. Schüller, George Murphy, H. Blöcker, Jane Rogers, Bob Fulton, B. Lamar, Laura Courtney, Willem J. Stiekema, Mike Dante, S. Berneiser, Vladimir Benes, E. Huang, T. Jesse, Neilay Dedhia, E. Bent, Berthold Fartmann, T. Schmidtheini, M. Fuchs, C. Geisel, Mario Müller, K. Jones, A. De Keyser, Manuel Pérez-Alonso, Elaine R. Mardis, Marleen Voet, S. Schwarz, A. Lecharny, Michel Delseny, S. Lamberth, K. Drone, P. Sheet, T. Weitzenegger, M. Sehkon, B. Reichert, Y. J. Chuang, C. Buysshaert, Javier Terol, Sander Peters, R. Cooke, Jennifer Edwards, and Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety (SILS, FNWI)

Subjects
Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Chromosome 4, Sequence analysis, Arabidopsis, Gene density, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Genome, Gene, Homology (biology), Caenorhabditis elegans
Abstract

The higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) is an important model for identifying plant genes and determining their function. To assist biological investigations and to define chromosome structure, a coordinated effort to sequence the Arabidopsis genome was initiated in late 1996. Here we report one of the first milestones of this project, the sequence of chromosome 4. Analysis of 17.38 megabases of unique sequence, representing about 17% of the genome, reveals 3,744 protein coding genes, 81 transfer RNAs and numerous repeat elements. Heterochromatic regions surrounding the putative centromere, which has not yet been completely sequenced, are characterized by an increased frequency of a variety of repeats, new repeats, reduced recombination, lowered gene density and lowered gene expression. Roughly 60% of the predicted protein-coding genes have been functionally characterized on the basis of their homology to known genes. Many genes encode predicted proteins that are homologous to human and Caenorhabditis elegans proteins.

Published
1999
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44. Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome: five novel mutations and their structural localization

Author

Nicola Balzano, Guglielmo R. D. Villani, D. Vitale, P. Di Natale, Michele Saviano, Vincenzo Pavone, Villani, GUGLIELMO ROSARIO DOMENI, Balzano, N., Vitale, D., Saviano, M., Pavone, Vincenzo, and DI NATALE, P.

Subjects
Models, Molecular, Arylsulfatase B, Protein Folding, N-Acetylgalactosamine-4-Sulfatase, Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, medicine, Humans, Point Mutation, Child, Molecular Biology, Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational, Genetics, Mutation, Binding Sites, Mucopolysaccharidosis VI, Genetic heterogeneity, Point mutation, Infant, Exons, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome, Restriction enzyme, Mutation analysis, Mutation testing, Molecular Medicine
Abstract

Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, MPS VI) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase (arylsulfatase B, ASB). Mutation analysis in Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome resulted in the identification of approximately 40 molecular defects underlying a great genetic heterogeneity. Here we report five novel mutations in Italian subjects: S65F, P116H, R315Q, Q503X, P531R; each defect was confirmed by restriction enzyme or amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) analysis. We also performed a three-dimensional (3-D) structure analysis of the alterations identified by us, and of an additional 22 point mutations reported by other groups, in an attempt to draw helpful information about their possible effects on protein conformation.

Published
1999
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46. Expected effects of devaluation on cereal production in the Sudanian Region of Mali

Author

Ousmane Coulibaly, John H. Sanders, and Jeffrey D. Vitale

Subjects
biology, business.industry, Devaluation, Sorghum, biology.organism_classification, Agricultural economics, Market liquidity, Order (exchange), Economics, Agricultural policy, Production (economics), Animal Science and Zoology, Livestock, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

The Sahelian countries have been much more successful attaining higher yields of export crops, including cotton and peanuts, than with increasing yields of their cereals and other food crops. One principal explanation has been the poor economic and agricultural policy support historically given to food crops. Now this is being changed with structural adjustments, including the 1994 devaluation of the CFA. Intensive cereal production became more profitable with a lag after devaluation. In southern Mali, even highly risk-averse farmers will adopt intensive sorghum technologies, according to risk programming results. Credit can be generated internally for this activity by selling some of the livestock. Returns were very high for this intensification but its further expansion would require more internal liquidity or the expansion of credit in order to increase purchases of inorganic fertilizers.

Published
1998
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47. Measurement of the electron structure function F2e at LEP energies

Author

Abdallah, J. Abreu, P. Adam, W. Adzic, P. Albrecht, T. Alemany-Fernandez, R. Allmendinger, T. Allport, P.P. Amaldi, U. Amapane, N. Amato, S. Anashkin, E. A.Andreazza Andringa, S. Anjos, N. Antilogus, P. Apel, W.-D. Arnoud, Y. Ask, S. Asman, B. Augustin, J.E. Augustinus, A. Baillon, P. Ballestrero, A. Bambade, P. Barbier, R. Bardin, D. Barker, G.J. Baroncelli, A. Battaglia, M. Baubillier, M. Becks, K.-H. Begalli, M. Behrmann, A. Belous, K. Ben-Haim, E. Benekos, N. Benvenuti, A. Berat, C. Berggren, M. Bertrand, D. Besancon, M. Besson, N. Bloch, D. Blom, M. Bluj, M. Bonesini, M. Boonekamp, M. Booth, P.S.L. Borisov, G. Botner, O. Bouquet, B. Bowcock, T.J.V. Boyko, I. Bracko, M. Brenner, R. Brodet, E. Bruckman, P. Brunet, J.M. Buschbeck, B. Buschmann, P. Calvi, M. Camporesi, T. Canale, V. Carena, F. Castro, N. Cavallo, F. Chapkin, M. Charpentier, P.H. Checchia, P. Chierici, R. Chliapnikov, P. Chudoba, J. Chung, S.U. Cieslik, K. Collins, P. Contri, R. Cosme, G. Cossutti, F. Costa, M.J. Crennell, D. Cuevas, J. D'Hondt, J. da Silva, T. Da Silva, W. Della Ricca, G. De Angelis, A. De Boer, W. De Clercq, C. De Lotto, B. De Maria, N. DeMin, A. de Paula, L. Di Ciaccio, L. Di Simone, A. Doroba, K. Drees, J. Eigen, G. Ekelof, T. Ellert, M. Elsing, M. Espirito Santo, M.C. Fanourakis, G. Fassouliotism, D. Feindt, M. Fernandez, J. Ferrer, A. Ferro, F. Flagmeyer, U. Foeth, H. Fokitis, E. Fulda-Quenzer, F. Fuster, J. Gandelman, M. Garcia, C. Gavillet, P.H. Gazis, E. Gokieli, R. Golob, B. Gomez-Ceballos, G. Gonçalves, P. Graziani, E. Grosdidier, G. Grzelak, K. Guy, J. Haag, C. Hallgren, A. Hamacher, K. Hamilton, K. Haug, S. Hauler, F. Hedberg, V. Hennecke, M. Hoffman, J. Holmgren, S.-O. Holt, P.J. Houlden, M.A. Jackson, J.N. Jarlskog, G. Jarry, P. Jeans, D. Johansson, E.K. Jonsson, P. Joram, C. Jungermann, L. Kapusta, F. Katsanevas, S. Katsoufis, E. Kernel, G. Kersevan, B.P. Kerzel, U. King, B.T. Kjaer, N.J. Kluit, P. Kokkinias, P. Kourkoumelis, C. Kouznetsov, O. Krumstein, Z. Kucharczyk, M. Lamsa, J. Leder, G. Ledroit, F. Leinonen, L. Leitner, R. Lemonne, J. Lepeltier, V. Lesiak, T. Liebig, W. Liko, D. Lipniacka, A. Lopes, J.H. Lopez, J.M. Loukas, D. Lutz, P. Lyons, L. MacNaughton, J. Malek, A. Maltezos, S. Mandl, F. Marco, J. Marco, R. Marechal, B. Margoni, M. Marin, J.-C. Mariotti, C. Markou, A. Martinez-Rivero, C. Masik, J. Mastroyiannopoulos, N. Matorras, F. Matteuzzi, C. Mazzucato, F. Mazzucato, M. McNulty, R. Meroni, C. Migliore, E. Mitaroff, W. Mjoernmark, U. Moa, T. Moch, M. Moenig, K. Monge, R. Montenegro, J. Moraes, D. Moreno, S. Morettini, P. Mueller, U. Muenich, K. Mulders, M. Mundim, L. Murray, W. Muryn, B. Myatt, G. Myklebust, T. Nassiakou, M. Navarria, F. Nawrocki, K. Nemecek, S. Nicolaidou, R. Nikolenko, M. Oblakowska-Mucha, A. Obraztsov, V. Olshevski, A. Onofre, A. Orava, R. Osterberg, K. Ouraou, A. Oyanguren, A. Paganoni, M. Paiano, S. J.P.Palacios Palka, H. Th.Papadopoulou, D. Pape, L. Parkes, C. Parodi, F. Parzefall, U. A.Passeri Passon, O. Peralta, L. Perepelitsa, V. Perrotta, A. Petrolini, A. Piedra, J. Pieri, L. Pierre, F. Pimenta, M. Piotto, E. Podobnik, T. Poireau, V. Pol, M.E. Polok, G. Pozdniakov, V. Pukhaeva, N. Pullia, A. Radojicic, D. Rebecchi, P. Rehn, J. Reid, D. Reinhardt, R. Renton, P. Richard, F. Ridky, J. Rivero, M. Rodriguez, D. Romero, A. Ronchese, P. Roudeau, P. Rovelli, T. Ruhlmann, V.-Kleider Ryabtchikov, D. Sadovsky, A. Salmi, L. Salt, J. Sander, C. Savoy, A.-Navarro Schwickerath, U. Sekulin, R. Siebel, M. Sisakian, A. Slominski, W. Smadja, G. Smirnova, O. Sokolov, A. Sopczak, A. Sosnowski, R. Spassov, T. Stanitzki, M. Stocchi, A. Strauss, J. Stugu, B. Szczekowski, M. Szeptycka, M. Szumlak, T. Szwed, J. Tabarelli, T. Tegenfeldt, F. Timmermans, J. Tkatchev, L. Tobin, M. Todorovova, S. Tomé, B. Tonazzo, A. Tortosa, P. Travnicek, P. Treille, D. Tristram, G. Trochimczuk, M. Troncon, C. Turluer, M.-L. Tyapkin, I.A. Tyapkin, P. Tzamarias, S. Uvarov, V. Valenti, G. VanDam, P. VanEldik, J. van Remortel, N. Van Vulpen, I. Vegni, G. Veloso, F. Venus, W. Verdier, P. Verzi, V. Vilanova, D. Vitale, L. Vrba, V. Wahlen, H. Washbrook, A.J. Weiser, C. Wicke, D. Wickens, J. Wilkinson, G. Winter, M. Witek, M. Yushchenko, O. Zalewska, A. Zalewski, P. Zavrtanik, D. Zhuravlov, V. Zimin, N.I. Zintchenko, A. Zupan, M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The hadronic part of the electron structure function F2e has been measured for the first time, using e +e - data collected by the DELPHI experiment at LEP, at centre-of-mass energies of s=91.2-209.5GeV. The data analysis is simpler than that of the measurement of the photon structure function. The electron structure function F2e data are compared to predictions of phenomenological models based on the photon structure function. It is shown that the contribution of large target photon virtualities is significant. The data presented can serve as a cross-check of the photon structure function F2γ analyses and help in refining existing parameterisations. © 2014 The Authors. Elsevier B.V.

Published
2014

48. Experimental investigation of free surface vortices and definition of gas entrainment occurrence maps

Author

D Vitale Di Maio, Luca Cristofano, Gianfranco Caruso, and Matteo Nobili

Subjects
Entrainment (hydrodynamics), History, Liquid metal, Meteorology, Chemistry, Sodium Fast Reactors, Free surface vortex, experimental study, GAS ENTRAINMENT, Function (mathematics), Mechanics, Computer Science Applications, Education, Vortex, symbols.namesake, Free surface, Froude number, symbols, Dimensionless quantity
Abstract

For the future development of Generation IV nuclear reactors, both safety and economic targets have to be achieved. In order to increase, at the same time, the power density generation and the safety features, a huge R&D effort is still required. Referring especially to Liquid Metal Cooled Fast Reactors, much attention is placed on Gas Entrainment (GE) phenomena, which could cause unlikely positive reactivity insertion accident. The GETS experimental facility (Gas Entrainment Test Section), especially aimed at studying the free surface vortices occurrence, has been built in the thermal-hydraulics laboratory of the DIAEE. The main purpose of this facility is to identify the most important parameters affecting the whirlpools formation and evolution. Experimental tests and preliminary observations have been performed. Different vortex behaviours related to different experimental conditions have been identified and presented in the present paper. 2D occurrence maps as function of different dimensionless groups (Reynolds, Froude and Weber numbers and H* = H/d ratio) have been defined. In the present paper, the results of a first experimental campaign, carried out with tap water, are discussed.

Published
2014

49. Reexamining Vehicle-Actuation Strategies at Isolated Signalized Intersections

Author

Yu-hao Chuang, Jeffrey D. Vitale, and Michael J. Cassidy

Subjects
Engineering, Queueing theory, business.industry, Transportation, Interval (mathematics), Automotive engineering, In vehicle, Duration (project management), business, Traffic delay, Green time, Simulation, Intersection (aeronautics), Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

This paper uses simulation to assess intersection performance under enhanced vehicle-actuated signal control. The enhanced strategies seek to: (1) terminate green time in such a way as to promote use of the clearance interval by discharging vehicles; (2) shorten the required duration of the clearance interval by only serving, to the extent possible, queued vehicles; and (3) respond to gaps in individual travel lanes. Enhanced schemes are compared with conventional policies for an array of operating scenarios. Findings suggest that substantial reductions in vehicle delay result from use of the enhanced strategies.

Published
1996
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50. Analysis of Optimal Bridge Programming Policies

Author

Jeffrey D. Vitale, Kumares C. Sinha, and R. E. Woods

Subjects
Mechanical Engineering, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

Many facilities on the nation's bridge network are either in need of structural repair or are of inadequate design to service a modern fleet of vehicles in a safe and efficient manner. These needs have arisen at a time when available funding for bridge capital outlays is limited. To rectify this situation, ISTEA legislation of 1991 mandated the development of bridge management systems. A primary role of these systems is to provide a systematic analysis of optimal policies in the programming of bridge rehabilitation and replacement activities. A procedure that can be used to evaluate a set of possible optimal policies using output from the Indiana Bridge Management System is presented. The types of uses for a bridge management system are emphasized.

Published
1996
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