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1. Enhanced production of 60Fe in massive stars

Author

A. Spyrou, D. Richman, A. Couture, C. E. Fields, S. N. Liddick, K. Childers, B. P. Crider, P. A. DeYoung, A. C. Dombos, P. Gastis, M. Guttormsen, K. Hermansen, A. C. Larsen, R. Lewis, S. Lyons, J. E. Midtbø, S. Mosby, D. Muecher, F. Naqvi, A. Palmisano-Kyle, G. Perdikakis, C. Prokop, H. Schatz, M. K. Smith, C. Sumithrarachchi, and A. Sweet

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Massive stars are a major source of chemical elements in the cosmos, ejecting freshly produced nuclei through winds and core-collapse supernova explosions into the interstellar medium. Among the material ejected, long-lived radioisotopes, such as 60Fe (iron) and 26Al (aluminum), offer unique signs of active nucleosynthesis in our galaxy. There is a long-standing discrepancy between the observed 60Fe/26Al ratio by γ-ray telescopes and predictions from supernova models. This discrepancy has been attributed to uncertainties in the nuclear reaction networks producing 60Fe, and one reaction in particular, the neutron-capture on 59Fe. Here we present experimental results that provide a strong constraint on this reaction. We use these results to show that the production of 60Fe in massive stars is higher than previously thought, further increasing the discrepancy between observed and predicted 60Fe/26Al ratios. The persisting discrepancy can therefore not be attributed to nuclear uncertainties, and points to issues in massive-star models.

Published
2024
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6. Fully transformer-based biomarker prediction from colorectal cancer histology: a large-scale multicentric study.

Author

Sophia J. Wagner, Daniel Reisenbüchler, Nicholas P. West, Jan Moritz Niehues, Gregory Patrick Veldhuizen, Philip Quirke, Heike Irmgard Grabsch, Piet A. van den Brandt, Gordon G. A. Hutchins, Susan D. Richman, Tanwei Yuan, Rupert Langer, Josien Christina Anna Jenniskens, Kelly Offermans, Wolfram Müller, Richard Gray 0005, Stephen B. Gruber, Joel K. Greenson, Gad Rennert, Joseph D. Bonner, Daniel Schmolze, Jacqueline A. James, Maurice B. Loughrey, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Hermann Brenner, Michael Hoffmeister, Daniel Truhn, Julia A. Schnabel, Melanie Boxberg, Tingying Peng, and Jakob Nikolas Kather

Published
2023
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8. Molecular selection of therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: the FOCUS4 molecularly stratified RCT

Author

Louise C Brown, David Fisher, Richard Adams, Jenny Seligmann, Matthew Seymour, Richard Kaplan, Susan D Richman, Philip Quirke, Rachel Butler, Helen Roberts, Janet Graham, Richard H Wilson, and Timothy S Maughan

Abstract

Background Complex trials with innovative designs are becoming increasingly common and offer the potential to improve patient outcomes in a shorter time frame. There is evidence that patients with colorectal cancer fall into different subgroups with varying responsiveness to therapy, and that this variation is linked to genetic biomarkers. To the best of our knowledge, FOCUS4 was the first molecularly stratified trial in metastatic colorectal cancer and remains one of the first umbrella trial designs to be launched globally. Objectives To identify novel therapies that improve disease control within the molecular subgroup of metastatic colorectal cancer in which the novel therapies were expected to be most effective. Design This was a Phase II/III molecularly stratified umbrella trial that used adaptive statistical methodology to decide which subtrial should close early; new subtrials were added as protocol amendments. Setting The maintenance setting following 16 weeks of first-line combination chemotherapy. Participants Patients with newly diagnosed metastatic colorectal cancer were registered, and central laboratory testing was used to stratify their tumour into molecular subtypes. Following 16 weeks of first-line therapy, patients with stable or responding disease were eligible for randomisation into either a molecularly stratified subtrial or the non-stratified FOCUS4-N trial. Interventions Of the 20 drug combinations that were explored for inclusion in the platform trial, three molecularly targeted subtrials were activated: FOCUS4-B (PIK3CA mutation or PTEN overexpression) – aspirin versus placebo; FOCUS4-C (TP53 and RAS mutation) – adavosertib (AstraZeneca Ltd, Cambridge, UK) versus active monitoring; and FOCUS4-D (BRAF-PIK3CA-RAS wild type) – AZD8931 versus placebo. A non-stratified subtrial was also carried out: FOCUS4-N – capecitabine versus active monitoring. Main outcome measures The main outcome measure was progression-free survival from the time of randomisation to progression, comparing the intervention with active monitoring/placebo. Toxicity and overall survival data were collected in all randomised patients, and quality of life (using EuroQol-5 Dimensions) data were collected in FOCUS4-N only. Results Between January 2014 and October 2020, 1434 patients were registered from 88 hospitals in the UK. Successful biomarker testing was completed in 1291 out of 1382 samples (93%), and 908 out of 1315 patients (69%) completing 16 weeks of first-line therapy were eligible for randomisation, with 361 randomly allocated to a subtrial. FOCUS4-B evaluated aspirin versus placebo in the PIK3CA-mutant/ PTEN -loss subgroup, but recruited only six patients, so was closed for futility. FOCUS4-C evaluated adavosertib versus active monitoring in 67 patients in the RAS + TP53 double-mutant subgroup and met its primary end point, showing an improvement in progression-free survival (median 3.61 vs. 1.87 months; hazard ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.18 to 0.68; p = 0022). FOCUS4-D evaluated AZD8931 in 32 patients in the BRAF-PIK3CA-RAS wild-type subgroup and showed no benefit, so was discontinued after the first interim analysis. FOCUS4-N evaluated capecitabine monotherapy versus active monitoring in 254 patients and met its primary end point, showing improvement in progression-free survival (hazard ratio 0.40, 95% confidence interval 0.21 to 0.75; p Limitations FOCUS4-C and FOCUS4-N were closed early owing to COVID-19, so did not accrue their planned recruitment numbers. Conclusions Adaptive stratified medicine studies are feasible in common cancers but present challenges. Capecitabine monotherapy is an effective maintenance therapy. Wee1 inhibition using adavosertib shows significant clinical activity, notably in left-sided colorectal cancer. Trial registration This trial was registered as ISRCTN90061546. Funding This project was jointly funded by the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) programme, a MRC and National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) partnership, and Cancer Research UK. This will be published in full in Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation; Vol. 9, No. 9. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

Published
2022
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10. Integrated proteomics and transcriptomics analyses identify novel cell surface markers of HIV latency

Author

Nadejda Beliakova-Bethell, Antigoni Manousopoulou, Savitha Deshmukh, Amey Mukim, Douglas D. Richman, Spiros D. Garbis, and Celsa A. Spina

Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Proteomics, Virology, HIV-1, Humans, HIV Infections, Virus Activation, Transcriptome, Virus Latency
Abstract

Elimination of the latent HIV cell reservoir may be possible, if the molecular identity of latently infected cells were fully elucidated. We conducted comprehensive molecular profiling, at the protein and RNA levels, of primary T cells latently infected with HIV in vitro. Isobaric labelling quantitative proteomics and RNA sequencing identified 1453 proteins and 618 genes, altered in latently infected cells compared to mock-infected controls (p 0.05). Biomarker selection was based on results from integrated data analysis. Relative enrichment for latently infected cells was monitored using flow cytometric sorting and the HIV integrant assay. Antibodies against selected proteins, encoded by CEACAM1 and PLXNB2, enabled enrichment of latently infected cells from cell mixtures by 3-10 fold (5.8 average, p 0.001), comparable to levels obtained with biomarkers reported previously. Individual biomarkers are likely linked to subsets of latently infected cells, and an extended antibody panel will be required to inclusively target the latent HIV reservoir.

Published
2022
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16. Cover

Author

Kimberly D. Richman

Published
2013

19. Index

Author

Kimberly D. Richman

Published
2013

20. Notes

Author

Kimberly D. Richman

Published
2013

29. Data from In-depth Clinical and Biological Exploration of DNA Damage Immune Response as a Biomarker for Oxaliplatin Use in Colorectal Cancer

Author

Philip D. Dunne, Louise C. Brown, Timothy S. Maughan, Mark Lawler, Daniel B. Longley, Richard S. Kaplan, Letitia Campo, Viktor H. Koelzer, Ian Tomlinson, Patrick G. Johnston, Richard D. Kennedy, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Nicholas P. West, Philip Quirke, Dion G. Morton, Matthew T. Seymour, Ultan McDermott, Stephanie G. Craig, Matthew P. Humphries, Raheleh Amirkhah, Aikaterina Chatzipli, Gemma E. Logan, Steven M. Walker, Michael Youdell, Susan D. Richman, Keara L. Redmond, Sylvana Hassanieh, Andrew Blake, Enric Domingo, David J. Fisher, and Sudhir B. Malla

Abstract

Purpose:The DNA damage immune response (DDIR) assay was developed in breast cancer based on biology associated with deficiencies in homologous recombination and Fanconi anemia pathways. A positive DDIR call identifies patients likely to respond to platinum-based chemotherapies in breast and esophageal cancers. In colorectal cancer, there is currently no biomarker to predict response to oxaliplatin. We tested the ability of the DDIR assay to predict response to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer and characterized the biology in DDIR-positive colorectal cancer.Experimental Design:Samples and clinical data were assessed according to DDIR status from patients who received either 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or 5FUFA (bolus and infusion 5-FU with folinic acid) plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) within the FOCUS trial (n = 361, stage IV), or neoadjuvant FOLFOX in the FOxTROT trial (n = 97, stage II/III). Whole transcriptome, mutation, and IHC data of these samples were used to interrogate the biology of DDIR in colorectal cancer.Results:Contrary to our hypothesis, DDIR-negative patients displayed a trend toward improved outcome for oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy compared with DDIR-positive patients. DDIR positivity was associated with microsatellite instability (MSI) and colorectal molecular subtype 1. Refinement of the DDIR signature, based on overlapping IFN-related chemokine signaling associated with DDIR positivity across colorectal cancer and breast cancer cohorts, further confirmed that the DDIR assay did not have predictive value for oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.Conclusions:DDIR positivity does not predict improved response following oxaliplatin treatment in colorectal cancer. However, data presented here suggest the potential of the DDIR assay in identifying immune-rich tumors that may benefit from immune checkpoint blockade, beyond current use of MSI status.

Published
2023
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30. Supplementary Results from In-depth Clinical and Biological Exploration of DNA Damage Immune Response as a Biomarker for Oxaliplatin Use in Colorectal Cancer

Author

Philip D. Dunne, Louise C. Brown, Timothy S. Maughan, Mark Lawler, Daniel B. Longley, Richard S. Kaplan, Letitia Campo, Viktor H. Koelzer, Ian Tomlinson, Patrick G. Johnston, Richard D. Kennedy, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Nicholas P. West, Philip Quirke, Dion G. Morton, Matthew T. Seymour, Ultan McDermott, Stephanie G. Craig, Matthew P. Humphries, Raheleh Amirkhah, Aikaterina Chatzipli, Gemma E. Logan, Steven M. Walker, Michael Youdell, Susan D. Richman, Keara L. Redmond, Sylvana Hassanieh, Andrew Blake, Enric Domingo, David J. Fisher, and Sudhir B. Malla

Abstract

Supplementary Results

Published
2023
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31. Supplementary Data from Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Amphiregulin and Epiregulin IHC Predicts Panitumumab Benefit in RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Author

Kandavel Shanmugam, Philip Quirke, Matthew T. Seymour, Isaac Bai, Michael Barnes, Jennifer H. Barrett, Nicholas P. West, Dongyao Yan, Wen-Wei Liu, Kien Nguyen, Xingwei Wang, Jim Martin, Zuo Zhao, Uday Kurkure, Auranuch Lorsakul, Christoph Guetter, Andrea Muranyi, Xiao-Meng Xu, Judith Pugh, Shalini Singh, Liping Zhang, Sarah Brown, Susan D. Richman, Michael Shires, Faye Elliott, Jenny F. Seligmann, and Christopher J.M. Williams

Abstract

Table S1: Baseline patient demographics and disease characteristics. Table S2: mRNA/IHC AREG/EREG concordance table. Figure S1: AREG/EREG IHC scatterplot. Table S3: Prognostic effect of dichotomous AREG/EREG. Table S4: AREG/EREG and RECIST response rate. Table S5: AREG and EREG as individual continuous variables. Table S6: AREG/EREG predictive analyses adjusted for BRAF mutation, PTL and peritoneal metastases. Table S7: Exploratory analyses of different AREG/EREG cut points. Table S8: AREG/EREG IHC in biopsy and resection specimens.

Published
2023
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32. supplementary figures, from In-depth Clinical and Biological Exploration of DNA Damage Immune Response as a Biomarker for Oxaliplatin Use in Colorectal Cancer

Author

Philip D. Dunne, Louise C. Brown, Timothy S. Maughan, Mark Lawler, Daniel B. Longley, Richard S. Kaplan, Letitia Campo, Viktor H. Koelzer, Ian Tomlinson, Patrick G. Johnston, Richard D. Kennedy, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Nicholas P. West, Philip Quirke, Dion G. Morton, Matthew T. Seymour, Ultan McDermott, Stephanie G. Craig, Matthew P. Humphries, Raheleh Amirkhah, Aikaterina Chatzipli, Gemma E. Logan, Steven M. Walker, Michael Youdell, Susan D. Richman, Keara L. Redmond, Sylvana Hassanieh, Andrew Blake, Enric Domingo, David J. Fisher, and Sudhir B. Malla

Abstract

Figures S1-S9, Tables S1, S2

Published
2023
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33. Supplementary Table 1 from Mismatch Repair Status and BRAF Mutation Status in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Pooled Analysis of the CAIRO, CAIRO2, COIN, and FOCUS Studies

Author

Miriam Koopman, Cornelis J.A. Punt, Anton F.J. de Haan, Danielle A.M. Heideman, Bauke Ylstra, Gerrit A. Meijer, Susan D. Richman, Matthew T. Seymour, Philip Quirke, Richard Kaplan, David Fisher, Jeremy P. Cheadle, Christopher G. Smith, Tim S. Maughan, Iris D. Nagtegaal, and Sabine Venderbosch

Abstract

Patient characteristics of the pooled data set in relation to MMR and BRAF mutation status.

Published
2023
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34. Data from Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Amphiregulin and Epiregulin IHC Predicts Panitumumab Benefit in RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Author

Kandavel Shanmugam, Philip Quirke, Matthew T. Seymour, Isaac Bai, Michael Barnes, Jennifer H. Barrett, Nicholas P. West, Dongyao Yan, Wen-Wei Liu, Kien Nguyen, Xingwei Wang, Jim Martin, Zuo Zhao, Uday Kurkure, Auranuch Lorsakul, Christoph Guetter, Andrea Muranyi, Xiao-Meng Xu, Judith Pugh, Shalini Singh, Liping Zhang, Sarah Brown, Susan D. Richman, Michael Shires, Faye Elliott, Jenny F. Seligmann, and Christopher J.M. Williams

Abstract

Purpose:High tumor mRNA levels of the EGFR ligands amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin (EREG) are associated with anti-EGFR agent response in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, ligand RNA assays have not been adopted into routine practice due to issues with analytic precision and practicality. We investigated whether AREG/EREG IHC could predict benefit from the anti-EGFR agent panitumumab.Experimental Design:Artificial intelligence algorithms were developed to assess AREG/EREG IHC in 274 patients from the PICCOLO trial of irinotecan with or without panitumumab (Ir vs. IrPan) in RAS wild-type mCRC. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were RECIST response rate (RR) and overall survival (OS). Models were repeated adjusting separately for BRAF mutation status and primary tumor location (PTL).Results:High ligand expression was associated with significant PFS benefit from IrPan compared with Ir [8.0 vs. 3.2 months; HR, 0.54; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.37–0.79; P = 0.001]; whereas low ligand expression was not (3.4 vs. 4.4 months; HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.74–1.49; P = 0.78). The ligand-treatment interaction was significant (Pinteraction = 0.02) and remained significant after adjustment for BRAF-mutation status and PTL. Likewise, RECIST RR was significantly improved in patients with high ligand expression (IrPan vs. Ir: 48% vs. 6%; P < 0.0001) but not those with low ligand expression (25% vs. 14%; P = 0.10; Pinteraction = 0.01). The effect on OS was similar but not statistically significant.Conclusions:AREG/EREG IHC identified patients who benefitted from the addition of panitumumab to irinotecan chemotherapy. IHC is a practicable assay that may be of use in routine practice.

Published
2023
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35. Data from Mismatch Repair Status and BRAF Mutation Status in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Pooled Analysis of the CAIRO, CAIRO2, COIN, and FOCUS Studies

Author

Miriam Koopman, Cornelis J.A. Punt, Anton F.J. de Haan, Danielle A.M. Heideman, Bauke Ylstra, Gerrit A. Meijer, Susan D. Richman, Matthew T. Seymour, Philip Quirke, Richard Kaplan, David Fisher, Jeremy P. Cheadle, Christopher G. Smith, Tim S. Maughan, Iris D. Nagtegaal, and Sabine Venderbosch

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and prognostic value of mismatch repair (MMR) status and its relation to BRAF mutation (BRAFMT) status in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).Experimental Design: A pooled analysis of four phase III studies in first-line treatment of mCRC (CAIRO, CAIRO2, COIN, and FOCUS) was performed. Primary outcome parameter was the hazard ratio (HR) for median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in relation to MMR and BRAF. For the pooled analysis, Cox regression analysis was performed on individual patient data.Results: The primary tumors of 3,063 patients were analyzed, of which 153 (5.0%) exhibited deficient MMR (dMMR) and 250 (8.2%) a BRAFMT. BRAFMT was observed in 53 (34.6%) of patients with dMMR tumors compared with 197 (6.8%) of patients with proficient MMR (pMMR) tumors (P < 0.001). In the pooled dataset, median PFS and OS were significantly worse for patients with dMMR compared with pMMR tumors [HR, 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12–1.57 and HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.13–1.61, respectively), and for patients with BRAFMT compared with BRAF wild-type (BRAFWT) tumors (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.17–1.54 and HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.66–2.19, respectively). PFS and OS were significantly decreased for patients with BRAFMT within the group of patients with pMMR, but not for BRAF status within dMMR, or MMR status within BRAFWT or BRAFMT.Conclusions: Prevalence of dMMR and BRAFMT in patients with mCRC is low and both biomarkers confer an inferior prognosis. Our data suggest that the poor prognosis of dMMR is driven by the BRAFMT status. Clin Cancer Res; 20(20); 5322–30. ©2014 AACR.

Published
2023
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36. Supplementary Data from In-depth Clinical and Biological Exploration of DNA Damage Immune Response as a Biomarker for Oxaliplatin Use in Colorectal Cancer

Author

Philip D. Dunne, Louise C. Brown, Timothy S. Maughan, Mark Lawler, Daniel B. Longley, Richard S. Kaplan, Letitia Campo, Viktor H. Koelzer, Ian Tomlinson, Patrick G. Johnston, Richard D. Kennedy, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Nicholas P. West, Philip Quirke, Dion G. Morton, Matthew T. Seymour, Ultan McDermott, Stephanie G. Craig, Matthew P. Humphries, Raheleh Amirkhah, Aikaterina Chatzipli, Gemma E. Logan, Steven M. Walker, Michael Youdell, Susan D. Richman, Keara L. Redmond, Sylvana Hassanieh, Andrew Blake, Enric Domingo, David J. Fisher, and Sudhir B. Malla

Abstract

supplementary methods

Published
2023
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37. Development of the HIV360 international core set of outcome measures for adults living with HIV: A consensus process

Author

João Marques‐Gomes, Matthew J. Salt, Rita Pereira‐Neto, Franca S. Barteldes, Vera Gouveia‐Barros, Alexandre Carvalho, Antonella d’Arminio‐Monforte, Alethse De‐la‐Torre‐Rosas, Amy Harris, Catarina Esteves, Carcom Maor, Cristina Mora, Carla Oliveira, Cristina Sousa, Douglas D. Richman, Esteban Martinez, Fábio Cota‐Medeiros, Filipa Gramacho, Georg M. N. Behrens, Graça Gonçalves, Helena Farinha, Isabel Nabais, Inês Vaz‐Pinto, Juan Sierra‐Madero, Joaquim Sousa‐Gago, John Thornhill, José Vera, Maja Erceg‐Tusek, Margarida Tavares, Miguel Vasconcelos, Nuno Fernandes, Nicola Gianotti, Nienke Langebeek, Paulo Anjos, Raquel Couto, Ricardo Fernandes, Reena Rajasuriar, Rosário Serrão, Shaun Watson, Teresa Branco, Tiago Teixeira, Vicente Soriano, and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa

Subjects
Adult, Consensus, Outcome Assessment, Health Personnel, Clinical Sciences, 8.1 Organisation and delivery of services, Patient-centred care, HIV Infections, Outcomes, outcomes, Value-based healthcare, Clinical Research, Virology, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Behavioral and Social Science, Scopus, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Patient Reported Outcome Measures, CD4-CD8 ratio, Health Policy, abacavir, HIV, Health Services, Health Care, AIDS, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, patient-centred care, JCR, value-based healthcare, HIV/AIDS, human immunodeficiency virus 1
Abstract

© 2021 British HIV Association, Objectives: HIV outcomes centre primarily around clinical markers with limited focus on patient-reported outcomes. With a global trend towards capturing the outcomes that matter most to patients, there is agreement that standardizing the definition of value in HIV care is key to their incorporation. This study aims to address the lack of routine, standardized data in HIV care. Methods: An international working group (WG) of 37 experts and patients, and a steering group (SG) of 18 experts were convened from 14 countries. The project team (PT) identified outcomes by conducting a literature review, screening 1979 articles and reviewing the full texts of 547 of these articles. Semi-structured interviews and advisory groups were performed with the WG, SG and people living with HIV to add to the list of potentially relevant outcomes. The WG voted via a modified Delphi process - informed by six Zoom calls - to establish a core set of outcomes for use in clinical practice. Results: From 156 identified outcomes, consensus was reached to include three patient-reported outcomes, four clinician-reported measures and one administratively reported outcome; standardized measures were included. The WG also reached agreement to measure 22 risk-adjustment variables. This outcome set can be applied to any person living with HIV aged > 18 years. Conclusions: Adoption of the HIV360 outcome set will enable healthcare providers to record, compare and integrate standardized metrics across treatment sites to drive quality improvement in HIV care.

Published
2021
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38. Capecitabine Versus Active Monitoring in Stable or Responding Metastatic Colorectal Cancer After 16 Weeks of First-Line Therapy: Results of the Randomized FOCUS4-N Trial

Author

Janet Graham, Mahesh K. B. Parmar, Emma Yates, Tim Maughan, Jenny F. Seligmann, Louise Brown, David Fisher, Kai-Keen Shiu, Fiona Collinson, Ewan Brown, Philip Quirke, Stephen Falk, Richard H. Wilson, Susan D. Richman, Gary Middleton, Harpreet Wasan, Richard Kaplan, Richard Adams, Rachel Butler, Matthew T. Seymour, and Leslie Samuel

Subjects
Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Colorectal cancer, business.industry, Active monitoring, MEDLINE, medicine.disease, Capecitabine, First line therapy, Internal medicine, medicine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

PURPOSE Despite extensive randomized evidence supporting the use of treatment breaks in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), they are not universally offered to patients despite improvements in quality of life without detriment to overall survival (OS). FOCUS4-N was set up to explore the impact of oral maintenance therapy in patients who are responding to first-line therapy. METHODS FOCUS4 was a molecularly stratified trial program that registered patients with newly diagnosed mCRC. The FOCUS4-N trial was offered to patients in whom a targeted subtrial was unavailable or biomarker tests failed. Patients were randomly assigned using a 1:1 ratio between maintenance capecitabine and active monitoring (AM). The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS) with secondary outcomes including OS toxicity and tolerability. RESULTS Between March 2014 and March 2020, 254 patients were randomly assigned (127 to capecitabine and 127 to AM) across 88 UK sites. Baseline characteristics were balanced. There was strong evidence of efficacy for PFS (hazard ratio = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.75; P < .0001), but no significant improvement in OS (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.27; P = .66) was observed. Compliance with treatment was good, and toxicity from capecitabine versus AM was as expected with grade ≥ 2 fatigue (25% v 12%), diarrhea (23% v 13%), and hand-foot syndrome (26% v 3%). Quality of life showed little difference between the groups. CONCLUSION Despite strong evidence of disease control with maintenance therapy, OS remains unaffected and FOCUS4-N provides additional evidence to support the use of treatment breaks as safe management alternatives for patients who are stable or responding to first-line treatment for mCRC. Capecitabine without bevacizumab may be used to extend PFS in the interval after 16 weeks of first-line therapy.

Published
2021
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39. Diagnostic Accuracy of Dried Plasma Spot Specimens for HIV-1 Viral Load Testing: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Author

Lisa M. Frenkel, Julie A. E. Nelson, Jessica Markby, Rosalia Lira, Clement Zeh, Chunfu Yang, Mauro Andreotti, Douglas D. Richman, Donald Brambilla, Youyi Fong, Thomas Bourlet, Meg Doherty, Souleymane Sawadogo, Sandrine Reigadas, Laura Waters, Georgios Pollakis, Lara Vojnov, and Ingrid A. Beck

Subjects
Clinical Sciences, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Diagnostic accuracy, medicine.disease_cause, Sensitivity and Specificity, Virology, Humans, Medicine, Liquid plasma, Pharmacology (medical), Viral, Treatment Failure, Cancer, screening and diagnosis, Spots, business.industry, Plasma, Viral Load, Random effects model, Detection, Infectious Diseases, Meta-analysis, HIV-1, Public Health and Health Services, RNA, Viral, RNA, HIV/AIDS, Dried Blood Spot Testing, Nuclear medicine, business, Viral load, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies
Abstract

BackgroundDried plasma spot specimens may be a viable alternative to traditional liquid plasma in field settings, but the diagnostic accuracy is not well understood.MethodsStandard databases (PubMed and Medline), conferences, and gray literature were searched until January 2019. The quality of evidence was evaluated using the Standards for Reporting Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 criteria. We used univariate and bivariate random effects models to determine misclassification, sensitivity, and specificity across multiple thresholds, overall and for each viral load technology, and to account for between-study variation.ResultsWe identified 23 studies for inclusion in the systematic review that compared the diagnostic accuracy of dried plasma spots with that of plasma. Primary data from 16 of the 23 studies were shared and included in the meta-analysis, representing 18 countries, totaling 1847 paired dried plasma spot:plasma data points. The mean bias of dried plasma spot specimens compared with that of plasma was 0.28 log10 copies/mL, whereas the difference in median viral load was 2.25 log10 copies/mL. More dried plasma spot values were undetectable compared with plasma values (43.6% vs. 29.8%). Analyzing all technologies together, the sensitivity and specificity of dried plasma spot specimens were >92% across all treatment failure thresholds compared and total misclassification

Published
2021
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40. Immunologic resilience and COVID-19 survival advantage

Author

Grace C. Lee, Marcos I. Restrepo, Nathan Harper, Muthu Saravanan Manoharan, Alisha M. Smith, Justin A. Meunier, Sandra Sanchez-Reilly, Aamir Ehsan, Anne P. Branum, Caitlyn Winter, Lauryn Winter, Fabio Jimenez, Lavanya Pandranki, Andrew Carrillo, Graciela L. Perez, Antonio Anzueto, Hanh Trinh, Monica Lee, Joan M. Hecht, Celida Martinez-Vargas, Raj T. Sehgal, Jose Cadena, Elizabeth A. Walter, Kimberly Oakman, Raymond Benavides, Jacqueline A. Pugh, Scott Letendre, Maristella Steri, Valeria Orrù, Edoardo Fiorillo, Francesco Cucca, Alvaro G. Moreira, Nu Zhang, Elizabeth Leadbetter, Brian K. Agan, Douglas D. Richman, Weijing He, Robert A. Clark, Jason F. Okulicz, Sunil K. Ahuja, Mohamed I. Abdalla, Sandra G. Adams, Joseph Agnew, Saleem Ali, Jennifer Barker, Angela Birdwell, Stephen Bradford, Heather Briggs, Judith Marin Corral, Jennifer J. Dacus, Patrick J. Danaher, Scott A. DePaul, Jill Dickerson, Jollynn Doanne, Samantha Elbel, Corina Escamilla, Robert Farrar, David Feldman, Julianne Flynn, Delvina Ford, Joanna D. Foy, Megan Freeman, Samantha Galley, Maritza Garza, Sherraine Gilman, Jennifer Gomez, Varun K. Goyal, Sally Grassmuck, Joshua Hanson, Brande Harris, Gabrielyd Hastings, Audrey Haywood, Cecilia Hinojosa, Tony T. Ho, Teri Hopkins, Pamela Jewell, Thomas B. Johnson, Vasiliki Kotogiannes, Austin C. Lawler, Chadwick S. Lester, Stephanie M. Levine, Haidee V. Lewis, Angel Louder, Charmaine Mainor, Rachel Maldonado, Yvette Martinez, Neil McElligott, Laura Medlin, Myra Mireles, Kathleen Morneau, Samuel B. Munro, Anoop Nambiar, Daniel Nassery, Robert Nathanson, Jane O’Rorke, Cheryl Padgett, Sergi Pascual-Guardia, Marisa Patterson, Rogelio Perez, Robert E. Phillips, Patrick B. Polk, Michael A. Pomager, Kristy J. Preston, Kevin C. Proud, Michelle Rangel, Temple A. Ratcliffe, Renee L. Reichelderfer, Evan M. Renz, Jeanette Ross, Teresa Rudd, Maria E. Sanchez, Tammy Sanders, Kevin C. Schindler, David Schmit, Claudio Solorzano, Nilam Soni, Win S. Tam, Edward J. Tovar, Anna R. Tyler, Anjuli Vasquez, Maria C. Veloso, Steven G. Venticinque, Jorge A. Villalpando, Melissa Villanueva, Lauren Villegas, Andrew Wallace, Emily Wang, Andreia Williamson, Sadie A. Trammell Velasquez, Andrea Yunes, and Katharine H. Zentner

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Immunology, Hazard ratio, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Rate ratio, Framingham Heart Study, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Interquartile range, Internal medicine, Cohort, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Immunocompetence, business
Abstract

Background The risk of severe COVID-19 varies significantly among persons of similar age and is higher in males. Age-independent, sex-biased differences in susceptibility to severe COVID-19 may be ascribable to deficits in a sexually dimorphic protective attribute that we termed immunologic resilience (IR). Objective To examine whether deficits in IR that antedate or are induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection independently predict COVID-19 mortality. Methods IR levels were quantified with two novel metrics: immune health grades (IHG-I [best] to IHG-IV) to gauge CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell count equilibrium, and blood gene expression signatures. IR metrics were examined in a prospective COVID-19 cohort (n=522); primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Associations of IR metrics with outcomes in non-COVID-19 cohorts (n=13,461) provided the framework for linking pre-COVID-19 IR status to IR during COVID-19, as well as to clinical outcomes. Results IHG-I, tracking high-grade equilibrium between CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell counts, was the most common grade (73%) among healthy adults, particularly in females. SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with underrepresentation of IHG-I (21%) vs. overrepresentation (77%) of IHG-II or IHG-IV, especially in males vs. females (P Conclusion Preservation of immunocompetence with controlled inflammation during antigenic challenges is a hallmark of IR and associates with longevity and AIDS resistance. Independent of age, a male-biased proclivity to degrade IR before and/or during SARS-CoV-2 infection predisposes to severe COVID-19. Clinical implications Biomarkers tracking immunologic resilience may have broad prognostic utility, as they associated with longevity, as well as resistance to a progressive disease course during SARS-CoV-2, influenza, or HIV infection.

Published
2021
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41. Clinical Features and Disease Management in Adult Patients With Atopic Dermatitis Receiving Care at Reference Hospitals in Brazil: the ADAPT Study

Author

Ariana Campos Yang, D Richman, Mario Cezar Pires, V Aoki, O Lupi, R Fj Criado, Luisa Karla de Paula Arruda, S Silvi, and L Hz Fabricio

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Immunology, Comorbidity, Omalizumab, Disease, Dermatitis, Atopic, Tertiary Care Centers, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Adjuvant therapy, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Family history, Disease burden, Demography, Asthma, business.industry, Pruritus, Atopic dermatitis, Immunoglobulin E, medicine.disease, Eosinophils, Hospitalization, 030228 respiratory system, Erythema, Hypertension, Disease Progression, Female, business, Brazil, Follow-Up Studies, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background and objectives Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a prevalence of 0.02% to 8.1% in adults. Adult patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis have frequent relapses and significant disease burden. Objectives: Characterize clinical, immunological and therapeutic features of Brazilian adults with atopic dermatitis. Methods A multicenter, observational, retrospective, descriptive registry-based study, conducted at reference hospitals, between December 2016 and October 2017. Demographics, personal and family history of atopic diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, disease severity and management were collected. Results From the 187 subjects included in the analysis, 56.1% were female and 71.7% were Caucasian, with a mean age of 24.7 years. Mean follow-up duration was 9 years. Asthma or other allergic diseases were reported by 80.2% of the patients. The main comorbidity was hypertension (10.2%) and common disease manifestations included pruritus and erythema. Lesions were generally distributed in non-flexural and flexural areas, with typical morphology. Around 83% of patients had moderate to severe disease and 8.6% reported at least one hospitalization. Most patients received topical and/or systemic pharmacological therapies, including omalizumab (5.9%); 4.3% received phototherapy. Moreover, 66.8% of patients received adjuvant therapy and 79.1% changed or discontinued treatment for atopic dermatitis due to remission (46.5%), poor effectiveness (33.7%) or lack of therapeutic adherence (12.9%). Most patients presented characteristics of type 2 inflammation, with immunoglobulin E levels above 100 IU/mL (94.4%) and peripheral blood eosinophils above 5% (55.9%). Conclusion Brazilian adult patients with severe atopic dermatitis need treatments to efficiently control the disease and improve quality of life.

Published
2021
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43. Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Amphiregulin and Epiregulin IHC Predicts Panitumumab Benefit in RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Author

Auranuch Lorsakul, Andrea Muranyi, Uday Kurkure, Kien Nguyen, Wen-Wei Liu, Isaac Bai, Jennifer H. Barrett, Christoph Guetter, Kandavel Shanmugam, Matthew T. Seymour, Philip Quirke, Michael Barnes, Dongyao Yan, Jenny F. Seligmann, Susan D. Richman, Zuo Zhao, Nicholas P. West, Xiao-Meng Xu, Xingwei Wang, Liping Zhang, James R. Martin, Faye Elliott, Michael Shires, Christopher J.M. Williams, Sarah Brown, Judith Pugh, and Shalini Singh

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, business.industry, Colorectal cancer, medicine.disease, Primary tumor, Epiregulin, Irinotecan, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Oncology, Amphiregulin, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine, Immunohistochemistry, Panitumumab, Artificial intelligence, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Purpose: High tumor mRNA levels of the EGFR ligands amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin (EREG) are associated with anti-EGFR agent response in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, ligand RNA assays have not been adopted into routine practice due to issues with analytic precision and practicality. We investigated whether AREG/EREG IHC could predict benefit from the anti-EGFR agent panitumumab. Experimental Design: Artificial intelligence algorithms were developed to assess AREG/EREG IHC in 274 patients from the PICCOLO trial of irinotecan with or without panitumumab (Ir vs. IrPan) in RAS wild-type mCRC. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were RECIST response rate (RR) and overall survival (OS). Models were repeated adjusting separately for BRAF mutation status and primary tumor location (PTL). Results: High ligand expression was associated with significant PFS benefit from IrPan compared with Ir [8.0 vs. 3.2 months; HR, 0.54; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.37–0.79; P = 0.001]; whereas low ligand expression was not (3.4 vs. 4.4 months; HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.74–1.49; P = 0.78). The ligand-treatment interaction was significant (Pinteraction = 0.02) and remained significant after adjustment for BRAF-mutation status and PTL. Likewise, RECIST RR was significantly improved in patients with high ligand expression (IrPan vs. Ir: 48% vs. 6%; P < 0.0001) but not those with low ligand expression (25% vs. 14%; P = 0.10; Pinteraction = 0.01). The effect on OS was similar but not statistically significant. Conclusions: AREG/EREG IHC identified patients who benefitted from the addition of panitumumab to irinotecan chemotherapy. IHC is a practicable assay that may be of use in routine practice.

Published
2021
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44. Angular analysis of the decay B+ → K∗(892)+ μ + μ − in proton-proton collisions at s $$ \sqrt{\mathrm{s}} $$ = 8 TeV

Author

Changwoo Joo, Alessandro Calandri, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, N. Deelen, D. Domínguez Damiani, Diego Beghin, Julie Malcles, Fengwangdong Zhang, Oleg Teryaev, A. Scribano, I. Babounikau, A. Ranieri, Izzeddin Suat Donertas, Livia Soffi, R. B. Garg, Christopher Seez, Matthias Kasemann, Luca Giommi, Cole Lindsey, Ada Solano, Paola Salvini, Yi-ting Duh, Boris Grynyov, B. De La Cruz, Jose F Benitez, Samuel Higginbotham, Salvatore Costa, J. Puerta Pelayo, Indara Suarez, Yong Ban, Florian Beaudette, Devdatta Majumder, Shengquan Tuo, Abhigyan Dasgupta, Daniel Arcaro, Christina Wang, Marek Walczak, Andrea Gelmi, Kinga Anna Wozniak, Stephen Sanders, Maciej Górski, Andrea Malara, Melanie Eich, Anna Macchiolo, Thomas Bergauer, A. Escalante Del Valle, Tariq Aziz, Dave M Newbold, B. Tali, Colin Bernet, Prasant Kumar Rout, J. Mejia Guisao, Ugur Kiminsu, G. P. Van Onsem, Seth Cooper, Luigi Guiducci, Riccardo Paramatti, Andrea Giammanco, Priyanka Kumari, Martti Raidal, Gregory R Snow, Igor Volobouev, Hirak Bandyopadhyay, Marguerite Tonjes, David Mark Raymond, E. O. Olaiya, Christophe Delaere, Özlem Özçelik, Carlos Willmott, R. Del Burgo, Jorge Fraga, Daniel Savoiu, J. Kaspar, Victor Kim, S. May, Semra Turkcapar, Linda Finco, Y-J Lee, Alexander Spiridonov, Marko Dragicevic, Burin Asavapibhop, Xunwu Zuo, I. A. Melzer-Pellmann, Willem Verbeke, Armando Lanaro, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, C. Adloff, Yongho Jeong, Karl Gill, Bora Akgun, Awder Mohammed Ahmed, Mingshui Chen, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, Jamal Rorie, George Karathanasis, Jason Gilmore, Daniel Bloch, Mohamed Rashad Darwish, James Bueghly, Matthew Nguyen, V. Rodríguez Bouza, E. Gurpinar Guler, Pedro G Mercadante, Hans-Christian Kaestli, Ankush Reddy Kanuganti, Marco Paganoni, Don Lincoln, Giuseppe Benedetto Cerati, Y. Choi, Brandon Allen, James D. Olsen, Gyorgy Bencze, Arne Reimers, Xuejun Wang, N. V. Krasnikov, V. Sharma, Andreas Werner Jung, Chandiprasad Kar, G. L. Pinna Angioni, Dimitri Bourilkov, Li Yuan, Caterina Aruta, Flavia Cetorelli, Prabhat Ranjan Pujahari, W. De Boer, Jory Sonneveld, Hafeez R Hoorani, M. A. Mahmoud, Jingzhou Zhao, Yacine Haddad, Q. Wang, Alessandro Cardini, A. García Alonso, Jingyan Li, L. J. Sanchez Rosas, Robert Hirosky, Branislav Ristic, Balashangar Kailasapathy, S. Sanchez Cruz, Lucas Corcodilos, Antonin Kveton, Mauro Menichelli, A. Da Rold, Luca Perniè, Roland Horisberger, M. G. Albrow, Deepak Kumar, J. S. Lange, Manfred Jeitler, Urs Langenegger, Alexander Morton, Pierluigi Paolucci, Wei Zhang, Simona Cometti, Scott Thomas, Ludivine Ceard, Michele Arneodo, Garvita Agarwal, Ka Tung Lau, Demetra Tsiakkouri, Shawn Zaleski, Stavros Mallios, Bisnupriya Sahu, Anadi Canepa, Walaa Elmetenawee, Sophie Wuyckens, Pedro Silva, Regina Demina, Leonid Didukh, S. Luo, Brieuc Francois, Paul Edmund Karchin, Thomas Madlener, Rishi Patel, Y. D. Oh, Andris Skuja, Markus Stoye, Kai Yi, C. Wissing, A. Castaneda Hernandez, Fabrizio Palla, Reyer Band, Dario Menasce, Hyejin Kwon, S. W. Lee, Ivica Puljak, Hans Reithler, Zuhal Seyma Demiroglu, L. Hay, Felipe Ramirez, Matevz Tadel, Berkan Kaynak, J. D. Richman, Yannik Rath, Marek Gruchala, Simranjit Singh Chhibra, Owen Baron, Pritam Kalbhor, Samila Muthumuni, Steve Schnetzer, Saranya Ghosh, Klaas Padeken, Sourabh Dube, Daniele Bonacorsi, Nicholas Haubrich, Aleksandr Iuzhakov, Christopher Rogan, Erika Garutti, L. Borgonovi, Renato Campanini, Qianming Huang, Rosamaria Venditti, Crisostomo Sciacca, Maxim Goncharov, K. Ehataht, Marco Pieri, Gilvan Alves, M. Pelliccioni, Anna Teresa Meneguzzo, Roland Koppenhöfer, Melissa Quinnan, Korbinian Schweiger, Ali Eren Simsek, David Barney, Aleksandra Lelek, Stephanie Beauceron, Vladimir Chekhovsky, Marc Osherson, J. H. Kim, Ben Bylsma, A. Vorobyev, Ulrich Husemann, Alibordi Muhammad, Artur Kalinowski, Roberto Tenchini, Meng Xiao, K. Wong, Yen-Jie Lee, Kevin Black, Louis Lyons, Hugues Lattaud, Anna Kropivnitskaya, Ruslan Chistov, A. Pérez-Calero Yzquierdo, Nicolas Chanon, Christoph Garbers, Muhammad Ansar Iqbal, Ian R Tomalin, David Saltzberg, Mauro Donegà, Igor Bayshev, H. Keller, V. Papadimitriou, P. de Barbaro, Tahereh Sadat Niknejad, M. Bharti, V. Sola, S. Lo Meo, Camelia Mironov, Tongguang Cheng, Stephan E. Maier, Alberto Santoro, H. S. Kim, C. A. Mondragon Herrera, Alexandre Belloni, Andrew Mehta, Jacobo Konigsberg, Bryan Cardwell, Giancarlo Mantovani, Carlo Battilana, Maryam Zeinali, Patrick Jarry, Jeremy Mans, E. E. Boos, Kadri Ozdemir, Mikhail Kirsanov, Kevin Nash, Thea Klaeboe Aarrestad, R. Cousins, S. W. Cho, Andrew Whitbeck, Viktor Veszpremi, Aliaksandr Litomin, A. Manousakis-Katsikakis, Fabio Monti, Vladimir Palichik, Heriberto Castilla-Valdez, Matti J Kortelainen, Sezen Sekmen, Carlos Lourenco, Peter Robmann, Kirika Uchida, Cheng-Chieh Peng, Pallabi Das, Valentina Avati, Anton Petrov, Rudy Ceccarelli, P. Van Mechelen, A. Apyan, Andrew Beretvas, Otto Hindrichs, Grigory Safronov, S. Mitra, Aashaq Shah, I. Gonzalez Caballero, Shabnam Jabeen, S. Lacaprara, Caroline Elisabeth Niniane Niemeyer, Siarhei Shulha, H. Aarup Petersen, Najaf Amin, A. Braghieri, T. Tabarelli de Fatis, Yousen Zhang, Sebastian Wozniewski, Yuri Skovpen, A. Starodumov, Hwi Dong Yoo, A. Di Mattia, Inseok Yoon, Andrew Hart, Demetrios Loukas, Kalpanie Liyanage, Paolo Gunnellini, Erik Butz, S. Tkaczyk, Gage Dezoort, C. Ramón Álvarez, Jan Kieseler, D. E. Pellett, Konstantinos Theofilatos, David Stuart, Benedikt Vormwald, Ilknur Hos, Juliet Ritchie Patterson, Giulia Negro, Alice Mignerey, A. Benecke, Rizki Syarif, Ia Iashvili, Roberto Seidita, Emanuele Usai, T. Aushev, Thomas Reitenspiess, Jordan Nash, Sung Keun Park, Dmitry Philippov, Joao Varela, Leander Litov, Sandor Czellar, J. M. Vizan Garcia, Bugra Bilin, Efe Yazgan, Kati Lassila-Perini, Dongjoon Song, Petra Merkel, De Hua Zhu, Si Xie, Y. Musienko, M. C. Fouz, Robert Stone, Luciano Orsini, Vladimir Cherepanov, K. J. Pena Rodriguez, Hasan Ogul, Simone Calzaferri, J. N. Butler, Paolo Lariccia, Dmitry Sosnov, R. Taus, Luca Pacher, Gouranga Kole, Weinan Si, Robert M Harris, K. Hurtado Anampa, Elliot Hughes, Gurpreet Singh Chahal, Andrew Buccilli, Ivan Atanasov, Ivan Vila, S. Carrillo Moreno, Don Upul Jayasiri Sonnadara, J. S. H. Lee, Claire Shepherd-Themistocleous, Michael Wassmer, Antonis Agapitos, Marc Huwiler, Daniele Spiga, P. Kontaxakis, Manuel Giffels, Jean-Roch Vlimant, Pavel Bunin, Alexei Raspereza, Brajesh C Choudhary, Paul David Luckey, Andrea Trapote, Sébastien Viret, Christoph Heidecker, Nicola Bacchetta, S. Consuegra Rodríguez, K. Osterberg, Ziheng Chen, Maximilian Heindl, Gourab Saha, Valentina Dutta, Sándor Lökös, Giuseppe Barbagli, Salvatore Nuzzo, Philippe Bloch, Martina Vit, Sh. Jain, Laurent Forthomme, Tiziano Camporesi, Lorenzo Bianchini, Brent Stone, Kevin Sung, Louise Skinnari, Gregor Kasieczka, Lukas Lechner, Maksym Titov, Jean-Pierre Merlo, Vito Palladino, Nural Akchurin, Federico Ferri, Douglas Berry, Daniel Denegri, Igor Azhgirey, Frank Golf, Magda Diamantopoulou, A. Buchot Perraguin, Stefanos Leontsinis, Jeremie Alexandre Merlin, Guillaume Bourgatte, Konstanty Sumorok, Fanbo Meng, Caroline Collard, Chayanit Asawatangtrakuldee, J. Alexander, Alexander Savin, M. Finger, G. M. Bilei, David Jonathan Hofman, Joanne Cole, A. K. Virdi, Eija Tuominen, Guo-Ming Chen, Philip Keicher, Vladimir Epshteyn, Angelo Giacomo Zecchinelli, Angela Giraldi, Patrick Connor, Arabella Martelli, Georgy Antchev, Muhammad Ahmad, Rachel Yohay, J. K. Lim, F. Simonetto, Chad Freer, Stefan Piperov, Ioanna Papavergou, David Sperka, Gaelle Boudoul, Wolfgang Waltenberger, A. Baginyan, Vukasin Milosevic, Hartmut Stadie, O. Gonzalez Lopez, J. Wang, Giovanna Selvaggi, Daniel Abercrombie, Natascha Krammer, Suman Bala Beri, Helena Bialkowska, Daniele Pedrini, Mia Liu, Georgios Anagnostou, Melody A. Swartz, Maxwell Chertok, R. Bi, Sridhara Dasu, Emilio Meschi, Alexis Kalogeropoulos, Benedikt Maier, S. J. Qian, Sergio P Ratti, Kelci Mohrman, Sunil Dogra, Olivér Surányi, Nur Zulaiha Jomhari, John Perry Cumalat, Swagata Mukherjee, Shubham Pandey, Wei Shi, O. Rieger, Thomas Klijnsma, A. Moraes, Danek Kotlinski, Jordan Martins, Toni Sculac, Vivian O'Dell, Mikhail Gavrilenko, W. S. Hou, Nadezda Chernyavskaya, Tomas Lindén, N. Van Remortel, Hannu Siikonen, Frank Jensen, A. Melo, Y. Chao, Radia Redjimi, E. M. Da Costa, Marco Bozzo, Andrea Massironi, Todor Ivanov, Denis Gelé, Catherine Schiber, Mauro Emanuele Dinardo, Carmen Albajar, Sven Dildick, Martina Malberti, T. Bose, Nhan Viet Tran, Mohammad Abrar Wadud, Frank Chlebana, Piotr Traczyk, W. T. Lin, Dylan Hsu, Inkyu Park, Gabor Istvan Veres, Xudong Lyu, Francesco Navarria, Sotiroulla Konstantinou, F. Gasparini, Prakash Thapa, Kevin Mcdermott, Dmytro Kovalskyi, V. Kutzner, Giovanni Abbiendi, Olmo Cerri, Gyorgy Vesztergombi, Ali Harb, Frank Jm Geurts, Katherine Victoria Ellis, Christof Roland, Yao Yao, Fabio Iemmi, G. P. Siroli, David Colling, Giovanni Organtini, Minseok Oh, Sarah Catherine Eno, Alessia Saggio, Ernesto Migliore, Hans-Jürgen Simonis, Olivier Davignon, Dmitri Konstantinov, G. B. Mohanty, Shirin Chenarani, M. Ramirez-Garcia, Amina Zghiche, Christopher George Tully, Francisco Yumiceva, Alexander Belyaev, Claudio Campagnari, Ritva Kinnunen, M. R. Adams, Petar Maksimovic, Anup Kumar Sikdar, Gerry Bauer, Tai Sakuma, Simone Scarfi, Anterpreet Kaur, Yutaro Iiyama, Mehmet Kaya, Intae Yu, Bhumika Kansal, Ricardo Lopez-Fernandez, Anna Elliott-Peisert, Vuko Brigljevic, Oliver Gutsche, Juska Pekkanen, D. Sunar Cerci, Maciej Malawski, Xin Chen, Teresa Rodrigo, Christoph Schwick, M. Aguilar-Benitez, Paolo Spagnolo, P. Gras, Claudio Quaranta, Ammara Ahmad, Raman Khurana, Andrés G Delannoy, Christopher Hill, Luigi Benussi, A. Khan, V. K. Muraleedharan Nair Bindhu, Nicolaus Kratochwil, Ravi Janjam, Siddharth Narayanan, Anton Karneyeu, Leonard Apanasevich, M. Vander Donckt, John Strologas, J. Fernandez Menendez, Charles Maguire, Amal Sarkar, Natalia Emriskova, F. Hartmann, M. Guchait, Jozsef Molnar, Patrick Janot, Jan Tomsa, Thorsten Chwalek, Jochen Schieck, Nicola Minafra, Johannes Schulz, H. Van Haevermaet, Geonhee Oh, Sam Harper, J. De Clercq, Roger Rusack, Marc Dejardin, Tielige Mengke, Emily MacDonald, Aliya Nigamova, Alexandros Attikis, Jay Dittmann, Rohith Saradhy, Danilo Meuser, Andrew Gilbert, Ridhi Chawla, Meenakshi Narain, J. León Holgado, Alessandro Thea, Cristina Fernandez Bedoya, Pawan Kumar Netrakanti, Evgueni Tcherniaev, Lindsey Gray, K. A. Ulmer, Vitalii Okhotnikov, Petar Adzic, Charis Kleio Koraka, V. Myronenko, Simone Gennai, Maria Margherita Obertino, Muhammad Gul, P. Van Mulders, B. Álvarez González, J. D. Ruiz Alvarez, Garrett Funk, Todd Adams, Andrew Wightman, Wit Busza, Mikhail Danilov, Pieter David, Olga Evdokimov, Junghwan Goh, Livio Fanò, Antonio Cassese, Jan-Frederik Schulte, K. Naskar, Vladislav Borchsh, Bradley Cox, Andreas Hinzmann, Marcin Konecki, Artur Lobanov, Nathaniel Pastika, K. De Leo, Shuichi Kunori, Ilia Zhizhin, Yi Chen, Teresa Lenz, Kyle Tos, G. Gomez Ceballos, Ioannis Evangelou, Titas Roy, Derek James Cranshaw, Geng-Yuan Jeng, Piet Verwilligen, Vilius Cepaitis, Dong Ho Moon, Sami Lehti, Adish Vartak, Umberto Molinatti, Laurent Mirabito, Steven Lowette, Isabel Pedraza, Roberto Covarelli, Sergio Cittolin, Kaya Tatar, A. Bornheim, Joachim Baechler, Andreas Pfeiffer, Alessandra Cappati, Brandon Bonham, Valentina Mariani, Augustas Vaitkevicius, Sandra S. Padula, Hyunyong Kim, Kirill Skovpen, Yeonju Go, A. Vagnerini, Christophe Ochando, Francesco Santanastasio, Stoyan Stoynev, A. Sanchez-Hernandez, Sergo Jindariani, J. Schwandt, M. Ruspa, Michele Gallinaro, Virgil E Barnes, Andrzej Novak, Graham Wilson, Zviad Tsamalaidze, Jan Eysermans, Attilio Santocchia, Jean Fay, Leonid Sukhikh, Oz Amram, Alessio Ghezzi, Caleb Smith, Florian Michael Pitters, Abideh Jafari, Nikos Varelas, Johannes Haller, Irene Dutta, Vadim Oreshkin, Byung Hun Oh, Giacomo Bruno, Ian Mcalister, Michele Bianco, Antoine Lesauvage, W. E. Johns, Ivan Shvetsov, Helen F Heath, Joshua Hiltbrand, Stephanie Kwan, Davide Di Croce, P. A. Piroué, C. K. Mackay, Mariana Shopova, Eric Christian Chabert, Irene Bachiller, A. Álvarez Fernández, Neil Schroeder, R. Kumar Verma, Yiwen Wen, Paolo Vitulo, Alexander Bylinkin, Kevin Flöh, Micael Verissimo de Araujo, D. Kim, William J Spalding, Alexey Golunov, Charalambos Nicolaou, J. Choi, Adriana Dropulic, P. H. Butler, Tommaso Isidori, Stephanie Brandt, R. Mankel, Wolfgang Lohmann, Filip Moortgat, Vinzenz Stampf, Konstantinos Kousouris, Joshua Bendavid, Nicanor Colino, Daniel Teyssier, Sandeep Bhowmik, Lucia Silvestris, David Taylor, B. Jayatilaka, Peter Wittich, Valentin Sulimov, L. V. Kardapoltsev, Alexx Perloff, Roman Ryutin, Federica Primavera, Roberto Carlin, Pierre Depasse, Vyacheslav Klyukhin, M. Van De Klundert, Victor Golovtcov, Richard B. Lipton, Abhishikth Mallampalli, Francesco Fabozzi, Josry Metwally, Aran Garcia-Bellido, Debarati Roy, Furkan Dolek, Franco Ligabue, Kenneth Long, Andrea Carlo Marini, Leszek Grzanka, M. I. Asghar, Alexander Toropin, Svenja Schumann, Amitabh Lath, A. Kasem, Smarajit Karmakar, Alexander Tapper, Matthias Schnepf, M. P. Rauch, Vyacheslav Krutelyov, Deborah Pinna, Gillian Kopp, Daniel Rosenzweig, Matthias Schröder, A. Rossi, Niki Saoulidou, Sercan Sen, D. P. Stickland, A. B. Meyer, Nicolò Trevisani, Dirk Krücker, Gianluca Cerminara, Paolo Azzurri, Emilien Chapon, M. R. Di Domenico, Vittorio Raoul Tavolaro, I. O. Atakisi, Jay Roberts, Stefano Bianco, Brandon Chiarito, S. Abu Zeid, Yury Ivanov, Andre Sznajder, Serdal Damarseckin, Kun Shi, Marius Teroerde, Laurent Pétré, Kyungwook Nam, Georgia Karapostoli, Victor Perelygin, Florian Joel J Bury, Alessandra Fanfani, Ivan Mikulec, Francesco Micheli, J. Duarte Campderros, Gul Gokbulut, Andrew Askew, R. L. Lander, Nicholas Menendez, Alexandre Hakimi, Eric Appelt, Savvas Kyriacou, M. Olmedo Negrete, Denis Rathjens, Stefaan Tavernier, A. A. Bin Anuar, Atanu Modak, Damir Lelas, Miao Hu, Igor Golutvin, Mircho Rodozov, Serguei Volkov, Marco Cipriani, Peter Elmer, Á. Navarro Tobar, Attila Racz, Roberta Arcidiacono, Christian Schnaible, Jonathan Fulcher, Anatoli Pashenkov, Avto Kharchilava, Mikhail Ignatenko, Tapio Lampén, Ali Awais, E. Ayala, M. K. Jayananda, Marcella Diemoz, Mikhail Dubinin, Diego Ciangottini, A. P. Singh, Yuri Gershtein, Francesca Cavallari, Claudio Caputo, M. J. Kim, Paolo Dini, S. Bheesette, Fabio Ravera, Emmanuelle Perez, Maren Tabea Meinhard, Rogelio Reyes-Almanza, G. G. Da Silveira, Cristina Riccardi, Andrea Perrotta, R. Di Maria, Jose Monroy, Fuqiang Wang, Sergey Polikarpov, Ivan Ovtin, D. A. Sanz Becerra, C. Martinez Rivero, Giorgio Apollinari, M. A. Shah, F. Pandolfi, Aurélien Carle, Wajid Ali Khan, Inna Kucher, Justin Pilot, Elisabetta Gallo, Vincenzo Ciriolo, I. 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Smirnov, Jane Nachtman, Mario Deile, Stephen Robert Wagner, Sergio F Novaes, Samet Lezki, Morgan Lethuillier, Yasar Onel, Filippo Errico, Jean-Louis Faure, Brian Francis, Tamas Ferenc Csorgo, Paolo Checchia, Didar Dobur, Himal Acharya, S. Goy Lopez, Kadir Ocalan, P. Priyanka, David Walter, Amedeo Staiano, Alberto Messineo, John Almond, Austin Ball, S. M. Spanier, Vladimir Blinov, Nathaniel Odell, Ignacio Redondo, J. Berenguer Antequera, Yurii Maravin, Vladimir Gavrilov, Baokai Wang, Z. A. Liu, Jennifer Chu, Viktor Khristenko, M. Lu, Gaël Perrin, Umesh Joshi, H. Sert, Hongbo Liao, Aleko Khukhunaishvili, Daniele Ruini, Stefano Marcellini, Sonaina Undleeb, Michail Bachtis, Alexandra Tews, Bennett Marsh, Sa. Jain, Spandan Mondal, Luc Pape, William Arthur Nash, Vassili Kachanov, Jared Sturdy, Doris Eckstein, Achim Geiser, Batoul Diab, Moritz Guthoff, Marc Weber, Reham Aly, Javier Cuevas, L. Urda Gómez, Fatma Boran, Lara Zygala, Ioannis Papakrivopoulos, Laurent Thomas, Raffaella Tramontano, A. C. Le Bihan, Marcello Abbrescia, Metin Yalvac, Stephan Lammel, Daniel Noonan, D. Valsecchi, Sanjay Kumar, Danila Tlisov, Sourav Chatterjee, M. Alhusseini, R. M. Brown, John Alison, Aliakbar Ebrahimi, Leonardo Cristella, Hannes Jung, Markus Spanring, Mark Saunders, N. De Filippis, Victor Murzin, Q. Li, Arash Jofrehei, Samuel Nathan Webb, Katja Klein, Giovanni Mocellin, Ashish Sharma, A. M. Rossi, Evgueni Vlasov, Qianying Guo, A.-M. Lyon, Kurtis F Johnson, Greg P Heath, Th. Müller, R. Granier de Cassagnac, Alexey Kalinin, Maxime Gouzevitch, Alexander Zhokin, Andrea Beschi, Paul Sheldon, Yuichi Kubota, Andreas Albert, Martijn Mulders, Alexander Dierlamm, A. Rose, S. Kaur, Marius Metzler, A. Bragagnolo, Song-Ming Wang, Kamal Lamichhane, Mary Hadley, Martino Margoni, Daniel Guerrero, Roberto Mulargia, Dylan Gilbert, Michal Szleper, Chia-Ming Kuo, P. Major, Nadia Pastrone, Candan Dozen, Michael Wayne Arenton, J. Duarte, Marek Niedziela, Christoph Schäfer, Alexander Grohsjean, Siddhesh Sawant, S. Meola, Natale Demaria, Xuyang Gao, Shalini Thakur, Navid Rad, N. Turini, Susan Gascon, Gabriel Ramirez-Sanchez, James John Brooke, Cédric Prieels, F. Fiori, Gunther Roland, K. El Morabit, Zheng Wang, Ji Hwan Bhyun, Jeffrey Krupa, Illia Khvastunov, Lev Uvarov, Rajdeep Mohan Chatterjee, Martina Ressegotti, Oleksii Turkot, Michele Selvaggi, O. Behnke, Gulsen Onengut, Viktor Matveev, Lea Caminada, Rong-Shyang Lu, H. Lee, Carlo Civinini, Clemens Lange, K. Sandeep, Santiago Folgueras, George Alverson, Roman Kogler, Satoshi Hasegawa, A. Bodek, Oleksii Toldaiev, Andrew Wildridge, Mark Pesaresi, Claudia Ciocca, S. Shmatov, Kaitlin Salyer, F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo, Markus Seidel, Vineet Kumar, Simon Regnard, Jiajing Mao, Leonid Levchuk, Luca Scodellaro, Christos Roskas, Maria Cepeda, Jorgen D'Hondt, Daniela Schäfer, Tim Ziemons, T. Mitchell, Matthias Komm, Nadeesha Wickramage, Q. Ingram, L. Valencia Palomo, Salvatore Buontempo, Paul Avery, Lisa Benato, L. I. Estevez Banos, Quentin Python, Randy Ruchti, Joe Incandela, Luca Cadamuro, Colin Jessop, Cecilia Elena Gerber, Belforte, S., Candelise, V., Casarsa, M., Cossutti, F., DA ROLD, A., DELLA RICCA, G., Vazzoler, F., and ET AL (the CMS, Collaboration)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Library science, QC770-798, 01 natural sciences, B physics, Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments), Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 0103 physical sciences, media_common.cataloged_instance, ddc:530, European union, 010306 general physics, Montenegro, China, Nuclear Experiment, media_common, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, PARTICLE PHYSICS, LARGE HADRON COLLIDER, CMS, Industrial research, Chinese academy of sciences, language.human_language, Physics and Astronomy, language, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Science policy, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Sri lanka, Portuguese
Abstract

BMBWF (Austria); FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ); CAPES (Brazil)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES); FAPERJ (Brazil)Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio De Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPERGS (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Ciencia e Tecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS (China)Chinese Academy of Sciences; MoST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSES (Croatia); CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERC PUT (Estonia); ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC (Finland); HIP (Finland); CEA (France)French Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBF (Germany)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFG (Germany)German Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAE (India)Department of Atomic Energy (DAE); DST (India)Department of Science & Technology (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); MSIP (Republic of Korea); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); BUAP (Mexico); CINVESTAV (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); LNS (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE (Poland); NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and TechnologyEuropean Commission; JINR (Dubna); MON (Russia); RosAtom (Russia); RAS (Russia)Russian Academy of Sciences; RFBR (Russia)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI (Spain); CPAN (Spain); PCTI (Spain); FEDER (Spain)European Commission; MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter (Thailand); IPST (Thailand); STAR (Thailand); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK (Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEK (Turkey)Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU (Ukraine); STFC (U.K.)UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE (U.S.A.)United States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF (U.S.A.)National Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie program (European Union); European Research Council (European Union)European Research Council (ERC)European Commission [675440, 724704, 752730, 765710]; Horizon 2020 Grant (European Union) [675440, 724704, 752730, 765710]; Leventis Foundation; A.P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy OfficeEuropean Commission; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); F.R.S.-FNRS (Belgium) under the Excellence of Science -EOS -be.h projectFonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS [30820817]; FWO (Belgium) under the Excellence of Science -EOS -be.h projectFWO [30820817]; Beijing Municipal Science & Technology CommissionBeijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission [Z191100007219010]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany's Excellence StrategyGerman Research Foundation (DFG) [EXC 2121, 390833306]; Lendulet (Momentum) Program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary); Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary); New National Excellence Program UNKP (Hungary); NKFIA research grants (Hungary) [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105, 128713, 128786, 129058]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science (Poland); European Union, Regional Development Fund (Poland); Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland); National Science Center (Poland)National Science Centre, Poland [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Russia) [02.a03.21.0005]; Tomsk Polytechnic University Competitiveness Enhancement Program; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis program - EU-ESF; Aristeia program - EU-ESF; Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship (Thailand); Chulalongkorn University (Thailand)Chulalongkorn University; Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); Kavli Foundation; Nvidia Corporation; SuperMicro Corporation; Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.)

Published
2021

45. Telemedicine and Medical Licensure — Potential Paths for Reform

Author

Barak D. Richman, Ateev Mehrotra, and Alok Nimgaonkar

Subjects
Telemedicine, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Specialty board, MEDLINE, Federal Government, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Government regulation, Specialty Boards, Pandemic, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, health care economics and organizations, Licensure, business.industry, COVID-19, General Medicine, Licensure, Medical, medicine.disease, United States, Health Care Reform, Government Regulation, Medical emergency, business, State Government
Abstract

Telemedicine and Medical Licensure The growth of telemedicine is seen by some physicians, academics, and policymakers as a silver lining of the Covid-19 pandemic. Congress is considering bills that...

Published
2021
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46. The Rise and Potential of Physician Unions

Author

Daniel Bowling, Barak D. Richman, and Kevin A. Schulman

Subjects
Labor Unions, Physicians, Humans, General Medicine
Abstract

This Viewpoint discusses the potential increase in physician unions as a way to deal with conflicts between large hospital systems and physicians, as well as how such unions may be able to provide individual employment benefits but have limited impact on higher governance concerns.

Published
2022

47. Clinical and molecular characteristics and treatment outcomes of advanced right-colon, left-colon and rectal cancers: data from 1180 patients in a phase III trial of panitumumab with an extended biomarker panel

Author

Jenny F. Seligmann, Bart Jacobs, Gemma Hemmings, Philip Quirke, Susan D. Richman, Christopher Williams, Sarah Brown, Faye Elliott, Matthew T. Seymour, Sabine Tejpar, and Jennifer H. Barrett

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Colorectal cancer, tumour location, Epiregulin, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Amphiregulin, Internal medicine, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, medicine, Humans, Panitumumab, colorectal, Predictive marker, Rectal Neoplasms, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Hematology, medicine.disease, Irinotecan, Treatment Outcome, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Mutation, embryonic structures, epiregulin, Biomarker (medicine), precision, amphiregulin, panitumumab, Colorectal Neoplasms, business, Biomarkers, medicine.drug
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Primary tumour location (PTL) is being adopted by clinicians to guide treatment decisions in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Here we test PTL as a predictive marker for panitumumab efficacy, and examine its relationship with an extended biomarker profile. We also examine rectal tumours as a separate location. PATIENTS AND METHODS: mCRC patients from the second-line PICCOLO trial of irinotecan versus irinotecan/panitumumab (IrPan). PTL was classified as right-PTL, left-PTL or rectal-PTL. PTL was assessed as a predictive biomarker for IrPan effect in RAS-wild-type (RAS-wt) patients (compared with irinotecan alone), then tested for independence alongside an extended biomarker profile (BRAF, epiregulin/amphiregulin (EREG/AREG) and HER3 mRNA expression). RESULTS: PTL data were available for 1180 patients (98.5%), of whom 558 were RAS-wt. High HER3 expression was independently predictive of panitumumab overall survival improvement, but PTL and EREG/AREG were not. IrPan progression-free survival (PFS) improvement compared with irinotecan was seen in left-PTL [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.61, P = 0.002) but not right-PTL (HR = 0.98, P = 0.90) (interaction P = 0.05; RAS/BRAF-wt interaction P = 0.10), or in rectal-PTL (HR = 0.82, P = 0.20) (interaction P = 0.14 compared with left-PTL; RAS/BRAF-wt interaction P = 0.04). Patients with right-PTL and high EREG/AREG or HER3 expression, had IrPan PFS improvement (high EREG/AREG HR = 0.20, P = 0.04; high HER3 HR = 0.33, P = 0.10) compared with irinotecan. Similar effect was seen for rectal-PTL patients (high EREG/AREG HR = 0.44, P = 0.03; high HER3 HR = 0.34, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: RAS-wt patients with left-PTL are more likely to have panitumumab PFS advantage than those with right-PTL or rectal-PTL. However, an extended biomarker panel demonstrated significant heterogeneity in panitumumab PFS effect within a tumour location. AREG/EREG and HER3 mRNA expression identifies patients with right-PTL or rectal-PTL who achieve similar PFS effect with panitumumab as left-colon patients. Testing could provide a more reliable basis for clinical decision making. Further validation and development of these biomarkers is required to optimise routine patient care. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN identifier: ISRCTN93248876. ispartof: ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY vol:31 issue:8 pages:1021-1029 ispartof: location:England status: published

Published
2020
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48. Intact Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Reservoir Estimated by the Intact Proviral DNA Assay Correlates With Levels of Total and Integrated DNA in the Blood During Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

Author

Nicolas Chomont, Shih Lin Goh, Carolyn Bahnck-Teets, Paul Zuck, Bonnie J. Howell, Steven M. Lada, Amanda C Sciorillo, Douglas D. Richman, Mohammad Damra, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen, Agnieszka Mackiewicz, Jay R. Kostman, Emmanouil Papasavvas, Amélie Pagliuzza, Pablo Tebas, Kwasi Gyampoh, Matthew Fair, Kenneth Lynn, Zhe Yuan, Karam Mounzer, Livio Azzoni, Guoxin Wu, Brian N Ross, Luis J. Montaner, and Daniel J. Holder

Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), viruses, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Proviral dna, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Proviruses, Humans, Medicine, business.industry, virus diseases, Provirus, Antiretroviral therapy, Virology, Virus Latency, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, DNA, Viral, HIV-1, Brief Reports, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, DNA
Abstract

Accurate characterization of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir is imperative to develop an effective cure. HIV was measured in antiretroviral therapy-suppressed individuals using the intact proviral DNA assay (IPDA), along with assays for total or integrated HIV DNA, and inducible HIV RNA or p24. Intact provirus correlated with total and integrated HIV.

Published
2020
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49. Assessing the Suitability of Next-Generation Viral Outgrowth Assays to Measure Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Latent Reservoir Size

Author

Peter Bacchetti, Carol Lackman-Smith, Mars Stone, Sheila M. Keating, Xutao Deng, Douglas D. Richman, Nicolas Chomont, Michael P. Busch, Amélie Pagliuzza, Roger G. Ptak, Subul A. Beg, Daniel I. S. Rosenbloom, Sonia Bakkour, Melanie Dimapasoc, John W. Mellors, Steven G. Deeks, Janet D. Siliciano, and Jun Lai

Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, 0301 basic medicine, Inducible HIV RNA, IUPM, 030106 microbiology, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Virus Replication, medicine.disease_cause, HIV reservoir, Major Articles and Brief Reports, 03 medical and health sciences, quantitative viral out growth assay (QVOA), Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Statistics, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, AcademicSubjects/MED00860, leukapheresis, latency, Mathematics, HIV cure, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Gold standard (test), Viral Load, HIV Reverse Transcriptase, Virus Latency, AcademicSubjects/MED00290, assay comparison, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Case-Control Studies, HIV-1, HIV/AIDS, Frozen storage
Abstract

Background Evaluations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) curative interventions require reliable and efficient quantification of replication-competent latent reservoirs. The “classic” quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA) has been regarded as the reference standard, although prohibitively resource and labor intensive. We compared 6 “next-generation” viral outgrowth assays, using polymerase chain reaction or ultrasensitive p24 to assess their suitability as scalable proxies for QVOA. Methods Next-generation QVOAs were compared with classic QVOA using single leukapheresis-derived samples from 5 antiretroviral therapy–suppressed HIV-infected participants and 1 HIV-uninfected control; each laboratory tested blinded batches of 3 frozen and 1 fresh sample. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods estimated extra-Poisson variation at aliquot, batch, and laboratory levels. Models also estimated the effect of testing frozen versus fresh samples. Results Next-generation QVOAs had similar estimates of variation to QVOA. Assays with ultrasensitive readout reported higher infectious units per million values than classic QVOA. Within-batch testing had 2.5-fold extra-Poisson variation (95% credible interval [CI], 2.1–3.5-fold) for next-generation assays. Between-laboratory variation increased extra-Poisson variation to 3.4-fold (95% CI, 2.6–5.4-fold). Frozen storage did not substantially alter infectious units per million values (−18%; 95% CI, −52% to 39%). Conclusions The data offer cautious support for use of next-generation QVOAs as proxies for more laborious QVOA, while providing greater sensitivities and dynamic ranges. Measurement of latent reservoirs in eradication strategies would benefit from high throughput and scalable assays., We demonstrated similar estimates of variation for classic and next-generation quantitative viral outgrowth assays (QVOAs), with enhanced sensitivity supporting the use of next-generation QVOAs as a proxy for classic QVOAs in measuring the latent human immunodeficiency virus reservoir.

Published
2020
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50. Search for new neutral Higgs bosons through the H → ZA → ℓ + ℓ − b b ¯ $$ \mathrm{H}\to \mathrm{ZA}\to {\ell}^{+}{\ell}^{-}\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $$ process in pp collisions at s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV

Author

S. Tkaczyk, David Stuart, Alice Mignerey, A. Benecke, Andreas Hinzmann, N. Zaganidis, Cecilia Elena Gerber, D. Domínguez Damiani, Minseok Oh, P. Das, Diego Beghin, Gregor Kasieczka, Y. Chao, Lesya Shchutska, Andrea Massironi, Raffaella Radogna, Thong Nguyen, I. Babounikau, A. Ranieri, Livia Soffi, R. B. Garg, Markéta Jansová, Francesco Navarria, Sotiroulla Konstantinou, David Overton, Sang Il Pak, Christopher Seez, Christopher George Tully, Rostyslav Shevchenko, Patrick Asenov, M. Weber, Alexander Belyaev, Claudio Campagnari, Teppo Mäenpää, Aruna Nayak, J. H. Yoo, Gervasio Gomez, Stephanie Brandt, A. Delgado Peris, Daniel Salerno, R. Mankel, Wolfgang Lohmann, Rohan Bhandari, Vinay Hegde, David Zou, Finn Feindt, Andrey Korytov, P. Chang, Eduardo De Moraes Gregores, Ashfaq Ahmad, Vladimir Korenkov, Ashim Roy, Th. Müller, Andre Frankenthal, Jan Krolikowski, Luiz Mundim, Duccio Abbaneo, Guido Tonelli, Cristina Biino, Gabriele Benelli, Patrizia Barria, Filip Moortgat, Konstantinos Kousouris, Arne Reimers, Joshua Bendavid, Nicanor Colino, Jian Sun, Alibordi Muhammad, Evgenii Tarkovskii, Stefanos Leontsinis, Marcin Konecki, Artur Lobanov, Nathaniel Pastika, Ada Solano, Artur Kalinowski, Chayanit Asawatangtrakuldee, Kyle Tos, Ioannis Evangelou, Geonhee Oh, C. K. Mackay, Lisa Borgonovi, L. V. Kardapoltsev, Amitabh Lath, Simon Kudella, Angela Mehta, A. Kasem, C. Martinez Rivero, Giorgio Apollinari, Andrés G Delannoy, Christopher Hill, Ulf Behrens, M. A. Shah, Zeljko Antunovic, Christoph Paus, Charles Mueller, Benjamin Mesic, F. Pandolfi, Teruki Kamon, James Buchanan, Maxim Pieters, A. Di Francesco, Ulrich Heintz, M. Kovac, Bjorn Burkle, B. De La Cruz, Jose F Benitez, Samuel Higginbotham, N. Vanegas Arbelaez, David Petyt, Erhan Gülmez, Kaori Maeshima, Martin Erdmann, Andrew Wisecarver, Tobias Pook, Patricia McBride, Krzysztof Doroba, Dylan Rankin, Andrew Brinkerhoff, Thomas Ferguson, Jose Flix, Didier Contardo, Vladimir Epshteyn, Sung Keun Park, Jay Hauser, A. Vilela Pereira, Dong Ho Moon, Tejinder Virdee, Salvatore Costa, Marco Alexander Harrendorf, Myriam Schönenberger, Fabrice Couderc, Atanu Modak, Marco Cipriani, Peter Elmer, Stephan Albert Wiederkehr, F. M. Stober, AllisonReinsvold Hall, Marcella Diemoz, M. Flechl, Mikhail Dubinin, G. Cucciati, J. Puerta Pelayo, Indara Suarez, Gregor Mittag, Fábio Lúcio Alves, Efe Yazgan, Frank Hartmann, Luciano Orsini, Nicolò Tosi, Camilla Galloni, Seth Conrad Zenz, Manfred Paulini, Jessica Prisciandaro, Fatma Boran, Ajeeta Khatiwada, Maciej Górski, Andrea Malara, A. A. Bin Anuar, Thorben Quast, Damir Lelas, Dajeong Jeon, Giacomo Sguazzoni, Javier Duarte, Adam Elwood, Angelo Giacomo Zecchinelli, Sami Lehti, Adish Vartak, David Bertsche, Valentina Mariani, Markus Stoye, Thomas Bergauer, Michael Planer, Christophe Royon, Elizabeth Sexton-Kennedy, Bobae Kim, Matthias Wolf, Wei Li, Zaixing Mao, Elena Voevodina, Ioannis Papakrivopoulos, Mikhail Danilov, Suat Ozkorucuklu, Wei Xie, Rainer Wallny, V. Drugakov, M. A. Bhat, C. S. Moon, Brian L Winer, Piero Giorgio Verdini, Vincenzo Daponte, M. Vidal Marono, Julia Thom, Finn Rebassoo, Carlos Willmott, R. Del Burgo, F. Mohamad Idris, C. Wissing, A. Castaneda Hernandez, E. Ayala, Wajid Ali Khan, Vladimir Mossolov, Andrew Parker, J. M. Vizan Garcia, Bugra Bilin, Kati Lassila-Perini, Piergiulio Lenzi, A. G. Stahl Leiton, Petra Merkel, Andrej Saibel, De Hua Zhu, Salvatore My, T. A. Gómez Espinosa, Daniele Bonacorsi, Nicholas Haubrich, James Dolen, Jean-Baptiste Sauvan, Gigi Rolandi, Malte Backhaus, Nicholas Wardle, Tao Huang, Paolo Ronchese, Laurent Thomas, Mark Derdzinski, Ivan Shvetsov, Igor Golutvin, Mircho Rodozov, Freya Blekman, Jennifer Ngadiuba, Volker Blobel, Ivan Amos Cali, A. Carvalho Antunes De Oliveira, L. Viliani, Pieter David, Mehmet Özgür Sahin, Donato Creanza, Badder Marzocchi, Olga Evdokimov, Junghwan Goh, Livio Fanò, O. Gonzalez Lopez, Sanjay Kumar Swain, Marc Dobson, Marc M Baarmand, Luca Pacher, Claire Shepherd-Themistocleous, Michael Wassmer, Antonis Agapitos, Thi Hien Doan, Daniel Denegri, Magda Diamantopoulou, Heiner Tholen, Hartmut Stadie, Daniele Trocino, Norbert Neumeister, Joshua Hardenbrook, Jennifer Chu, J. H. Kim, Viktor Khristenko, Gaël Perrin, Umesh Joshi, Daniel Marley, Georgy Antchev, Ioanna Papavergou, David Sperka, Gaelle Boudoul, Victor Murzin, Jorge Chaves, Pierluigi Bortignon, Si Xie, Robert Stone, Ugo Gasparini, Veikko Karimäki, Zaixin Wang, Sara Fiorendi, Sarmad Masood Shaheen, Natascha Krammer, R. Taus, Wolfgang Waltenberger, Maria Savina, Aleksandr Iuzhakov, Ilse Krätschmer, Isa Dumanoglu, Thomas Schuh, Troy Mulholland, Seungkyu Ha, F. L. Fabbri, Daniele Fasanella, D. Green, Marek Gruchala, Q. Li, Miaoyuan Liu, Philip Baringer, Enrico Robutti, George Stephans, Inna Kucher, Jelena Mijuskovic, Matej Roguljic, S. J. Qian, Umberto Dosselli, S. Nandan, A. De Iorio, Pietro Vischia, Fionn Ball, Katja Klein, M. Gola, Jens Multhaup, Giacomo Ortona, Doris Eckstein, Achim Geiser, Batoul Diab, Ping Tan, J. Taylor, Neeti Parashar, Alexis Kalogeropoulos, Leonid Chtchipounov, Olivér Surányi, Sema Zahid, Ian Laflotte, R. F. Harr, C. Mills, Winston Ko, Francisco Matorras, S. Banerjee, John A Coughlan, I. De Bruyn, Reza Goldouzian, Mohd Nizam Yusli, Ashish Sharma, Vasken Hagopian, G. M. Dallavalle, Bhargav Madhusudan Joshi, Georgios Krintiras, Matteo Presilla, Zeynep Demiragli, Marina Kolosova, Yalcin Guler, Yuri Skovpen, A. Starodumov, Á. Navarro Tobar, Attila Racz, Roberta Arcidiacono, Christian Schnaible, Jonathan Fulcher, Anatoli Pashenkov, Avto Kharchilava, Mikhail Ignatenko, Tapio Lampén, David Michael Morse, Norraphat Srimanobhas, Dermot Moran, G. Hamel de Monchenault, Aditee Rane, Ettore Focardi, Davide Zuolo, Camille Camen, Olena Karacheban, Xuejun Wang, Jingzhou Zhao, W. T. Hung, T. Boccali, Riccardo Salvatico, Maurizio Pierini, David Cussans, Klaus Rabbertz, Sebastiano Albergo, Matthew Jones, Alexei Raspereza, Igor Lokhtin, A. Di Mattia, Maciej Malawski, Matthias Schröder, A. Rossi, W. Van Doninck, Hans Rykaczewski, Y. J. 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Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Branching fraction, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Higgs physics, Electron, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, 01 natural sciences, Bottom quark, Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments), 0103 physical sciences, Beyond Standard Model, Higgs boson, lcsh:QC770-798, ddc:530, High Energy Physics::Experiment, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Boson, Research data
Abstract

This paper reports on a search for an extension to the scalar sector of the standard model, where a new CP-even (odd) boson decays to a Z boson and a lighter CP-odd (even) boson, and the latter further decays to a b quark pair. The Z boson is reconstructed via its decays to electron or muon pairs. The analysed data were recorded in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy $$ \sqrt{s} $$ s = 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC during 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. Data and predictions from the standard model are in agreement within the uncertainties. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the production cross section times branching fraction, with masses of the new bosons up to 1000 GeV. The results are interpreted in the context of the two-Higgs-doublet model.

Published
2020
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