286 results on '"D. Oswald"'
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2. Comparative Morphology of Wax Gland Heads in Adult Dustywings (Insecta: Neuroptera: Coniopterygidae)
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Min Li, John D. Oswald, and Zhiqi Liu
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Coniopterygidae ,dustywings ,wax production ,exocrine glands ,microtrichia ,scanning electron microscopy ,Science - Abstract
In the largest comparative study of coniopterygid wax gland head morphology to date, we used scanning electron microscopy to illustrate the ultrastructure of gland heads found in 2 subfamilies (Aleuropteryginae and Coniopteryginae), 5 tribes (Aleuropterygini, Coniocompsini, Coniopterygini, Conwentziini, and Fontenelleini), 9 genera (Aleuropteryx, Coniopteryx, Coniocompsa, Conwentzia, Cryptoscenea, Heteroconis, Semidalis, Spiloconis, and Thecosemidalis), and 28 species of Palearctic and Oriental dustywings collected from a variety of sites across China. We propose a new descriptive terminology to concisely characterize the major elements of gland head ultrastructure and then identify similarities and differences among them and provide detailed descriptions of the wax gland heads found in each of the nine genera examined. Based on the range of taxa examined, we propose hypotheses about the functional morphology of some of the ultrastructural elements examined and relate them to wax ring formation in dustywings. An identification key for the examined genera based on gland head morphology is also presented. more...
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- 2023
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3. Crop and Semi-Natural Habitat Configuration Affects Diversity and Abundance of Native Bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) in a Large-Field Cotton Agroecosystem
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Isaac L. Esquivel, Katherine A. Parys, Karen W. Wright, Micky D. Eubanks, John D. Oswald, Robert N. Coulson, and Michael J. Brewer
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native bees ,agroecosystems ,landscape structure ,cotton ,Science - Abstract
The cotton agroecosystem is one of the most intensely managed, economically and culturally important fiber crops worldwide, including in the United States of America (U.S.), China, India, Pakistan, and Brazil. The composition and configuration of crop species and semi-natural habitat can have significant effects on ecosystem services such as pollination. Here, we investigated the local-scale effect of crop and semi-natural habitat configuration in a large field (>200 ha in size) cotton agroecosystem on the diversity and abundance of native bees. The interfaces sampled included cotton grown next to cotton, sorghum or semi-natural habitat along with a natural habitat comparator. Collections of native bees across interface types revealed 32 species in 13 genera across 3 families. Average species richness metrics ranged between 20.5 and 30.5, with the highest (30.5) at the interface of cotton and semi-natural habitat. The most abundant species was Melissodes tepaneca Cresson (>4000 individuals, ~75% of bees collected) with a higher number of individuals found in all cotton–crop interfaces compared to the cotton interface with semi-natural habitat or natural habitat alone. It was also found that interface type had a significant effect on the native bee communities. Communities of native bees in the cotton–crop interfaces tended to be more consistent in species richness and abundance. While cotton grown next to semi-natural habitat had higher species richness, the number of bees collected varied. These data suggest that native bee communities persist in large-field cotton agroecosystems. Selected species dominate (i.e., M. tepaneca) and thrive in this large-field cotton system where cotton–crop interfaces are key local landscape features. These data have implications for potential pollination benefits to cotton production. The findings also contribute to a discussion regarding the role of large-field commercial cotton growing systems in conserving native bees. more...
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- 2021
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4. Cationic Phenoxyimine Complexes of Yttrium: Synthesis, Characterization, and Living Polymerization of Isoprene
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Alexis D. Oswald, Ludmilla Verrieux, Pierre-Alain R. Breuil, Hélène Olivier-Bourbigou, Julien Thuilliez, Florent Vaultier, Mostafa Taoufik, Lionel Perrin, and Christophe Boisson
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Inorganic Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry - Published
- 2022
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5. Sicherheit und Effizienz der en bloc vs. konventionellen transurethralen Resektion von Blasentumoren: eine Metaanalyse und systematic Review
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D. Oswald, P. Pallauf, S. Deininger, T. R. W. Herrmann, C. Netsch, B. Becker, M. Fiedler, A. Haecker, R. Homberg, J. T. Klein, K. Lehrich, A. Miernik, P. Olbert, D. S. Schöb, K. D. Sievert, A. J. Gross, J. Westphal, and L. Lusuardi more...
- Abstract
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die transurethrale En-bloc-Resektion von Blasentumoren (ERBT) ist eine Alternative zur konventionellen transurethralen Resektion von Blasentumoren (TURB). Sie könnte dazu beitragen bekannte Probleme der Standardmethode wie fehlenden Detrusormuskel im Präparat, hohe Nachresektions- sowie Rezidivraten zu verbessern. Ziel Die Analyse der aktuellen Datenlage zur ERBT in Bezug auf Effektivität und Sicherheit im Vergleicht zur TURB. Datenquelle: PubMed. Methode Zwei unabhängige Autoren identifizierten Studien basierend auf den Einschlusskriterien sowie den Schlüsselwörtern. Ein dritter Autor wurde bei Unstimmigkeiten zur Entscheidungsfindung involviert. Screening Keywords: ERBT, en bloc transurethral resection of bladder tumor, en bloc TURBT. Eine Metaanalyse von 13 Studien wurde durchgeführt. Effektgrößen wurden mittels Odds Ratios und mittleren Differenzen samt den zugehörigen zweiseitigen 95 %-Konfidenzintervallen geschätzt. Ergebnisse Die behandelten Studien untersuchten ein homogenes Kollektiv in Bezug auf Tumorgröße, Multiplizität und Stadium. Die Operationszeit zeigte sich nicht signifikant verschieden zwischen den Methoden. Signifikante Unterschiede bestanden in Hospitalisierungs- und Kathetereinliegedauer zugunsten der ERBT. Die Daten in Bezug auf Komplikationsraten zeigen keine sicheren Unterschiede auf. In der ERBT-Gruppe konnte signifikant mehr Detrusormuskel im Präparat nachgewiesen werden. Keine Unterschiede ergaben sich in der Rezidivrate bei einem Follow-up bis 2 Jahre. Schlussfolgerung Die ERBT ist eine sichere Alternative zur konventionellen TURB mit vielversprechenden Möglichkeiten bezüglich der effektiven Resektion von Detrusormuskulatur. Mehr Daten aus randomisierten kontrollierten Studien zu Rezidivraten, unterschiedlichen Energiequellen und Resektionstechniken sowie freien Resektionsrändern sind notwendig um den Stellenwert der Methode klar einzuordnen. more...
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- 2022
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6. Gerontologie: Medizinische, psychologische und sozialwissenschaftliche Grundbegriffe
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Wolf D. Oswald, Ursula Lehr, Cornel Sieber, Johannes Kornhuber, Wolf D. Oswald, Ursula Lehr, Cornel Sieber, Johannes Kornhuber
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- 2006
7. Monocationic Bis-Alkyl and Bis-Allyl Yttrium Complexes: Synthesis, 89Y NMR Characterization, Ethylene or Isoprene Polymerization, and Modeling
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Pierre-Alain Breuil, Helene Olivier-Bourbigou, Lionel Perrin, Aymane El Bouhali, Alexis D. Oswald, Christophe Boisson, Florent Vaultier, Emmanuel Chefdeville, Aimery De Mallmann, Mostafa Taoufik, Julien Thuilliez, Laboratoire de Chimie, Catalyse, Polymères et Procédés, R 5265 (C2P2), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), and Société Michelin more...
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Ethylene polymerization ,Ethylene ,010405 organic chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Yttrium ,Molecules ,Ligands ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Medicinal chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Inorganic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Polymerization ,Metals ,[CHIM]Chemical Sciences ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Isoprene ,Alkyl - Abstract
International audience; Monocationic complexes of yttrium with various bis-alkyl and bis-allyl ligands Y(CH2SiMe2Ph)2(THF)4][B(C6F5)4], [Y(CH2C6H4NMe2)2(THF)2][B(C6F5)4], and [Y[1,3-(SiMe3)2C3H3]2(THF)2][B(C6F5)4] have been prepared by protonolysis of the corresponding homoleptic tris-alkyl or -allyl complexes using the anilinium borate salt [PhNMe2H][B(C6F5)4]. The resulting ion-pair complexes have been isolated and characterized by different techniques such as elemental analysis, 1H, 13C, and 89Y NMR, and EXAFS for the allyl cationic complex [Y[1,3-(SiMe3)2C3H3]2(THF)2][B(C6F5)4]. More specifically, a 1H-coupled 89Y INEPT sequence has been developed in order to quantify the metal/alkyl ligand stoichiometry of both synthesized neutral tris-alkyl and cationic bis-alkyl yttrium complexes. The activity of the cationic complexes toward ethylene and isoprene homopolymerization has been assessed. In presence of TiBA, polyethylene was produced with activities ranging from 6 to 26 kgPE molY–1 h–1 bar–1. The molar mass of the yielded polymers shows a bimodal distribution. Under similar conditions, polyisoprene was produced up to full conversion of the monomer. The microstructure of the yielded polyisoprene displayed mainly cis-1,4-units (ca. 60–70%) and 3,4-units (ca. 20–30%). Only a few percent of trans-1,4 units was revealed. more...
- Published
- 2021
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8. Determinants of satisfaction with the detection process of autism in Europe:results from the ASDEU study
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Guillon, Q. (Quentin), Baduel, S. (Sophie), Bejarano-Martín, Á. (Álvaro), Canal-Bedia, R. (Ricardo), Magán-Maganto, M. (María), Fernández-Álvarez, C. (Clara), Martín-Cilleros, M. V. (María Victoria), Sánchez-Gómez, M. C. (María Cruz), García-Primo, P. (Patricia), Rose-Sweeney, M. (Mary), Boilson, A. (Andrew), Linertová, R. (Renata), Roeyers, H. (Herbert), Van Der Paelt, S. (Sara), Schendel, D. (Diana), Kloster Warberg, C. (Christine), Cramer, S. (Susanne), Narzisi, A. (Antonio), Muratori, F. (Filippo), Scattoni, M. L. (María Luisa), Moilanen, I. (Irma), Yliherva, A. (Anneli), Saemundsen, E. (Evald), Jonsdottir, S. L. (Sigridur Loa), Efrim-Budisteanu, M. (Magdalena), Arghir, A. (Aurora), Papuc, S. M. (Sorina Mihaela), Vicente, A. (Astrid), Rasga, C. (Celia), Xenia Kafka, J. (Johanna), Poustka, L. (Luise), Kothgassner, O. D. (Oswald D), Kawa, R. (Rafal), Pisula, E. (Ewa), Sellers, T. (Tracey), Posada De La Paz, M. (Manuel), Rogé, B. (Bernadette), Guillon, Q. (Quentin), Baduel, S. (Sophie), Bejarano-Martín, Á. (Álvaro), Canal-Bedia, R. (Ricardo), Magán-Maganto, M. (María), Fernández-Álvarez, C. (Clara), Martín-Cilleros, M. V. (María Victoria), Sánchez-Gómez, M. C. (María Cruz), García-Primo, P. (Patricia), Rose-Sweeney, M. (Mary), Boilson, A. (Andrew), Linertová, R. (Renata), Roeyers, H. (Herbert), Van Der Paelt, S. (Sara), Schendel, D. (Diana), Kloster Warberg, C. (Christine), Cramer, S. (Susanne), Narzisi, A. (Antonio), Muratori, F. (Filippo), Scattoni, M. L. (María Luisa), Moilanen, I. (Irma), Yliherva, A. (Anneli), Saemundsen, E. (Evald), Jonsdottir, S. L. (Sigridur Loa), Efrim-Budisteanu, M. (Magdalena), Arghir, A. (Aurora), Papuc, S. M. (Sorina Mihaela), Vicente, A. (Astrid), Rasga, C. (Celia), Xenia Kafka, J. (Johanna), Poustka, L. (Luise), Kothgassner, O. D. (Oswald D), Kawa, R. (Rafal), Pisula, E. (Ewa), Sellers, T. (Tracey), Posada De La Paz, M. (Manuel), and Rogé, B. (Bernadette) more...
- Abstract
Satisfaction with the detection process of autism and its determinants was investigated using data from the Autism Spectrum Disorder in the European Union (2015–2018) network. A total of 1342 family members, including 1278 parents, completed an online survey collecting information about their experience and satisfaction with the early detection of autism in their child. Overall, the level of satisfaction varied considerably from one respondent to another. Difficulty in finding information about detection services, lack of professional guidance and support in response to first concerns, finding a diagnostic service on one’s own, and a delay of more than 4 months between the confirmation of concerns and the first appointment with a specialist were all experiences individually associated with greater odds of being less satisfied. Using a dominance analysis approach, we further identified professional guidance and support in response to first concerns as the most important predictor of the level of satisfaction. These findings highlight the aspects of the process that need to be improved to enhance the experience of the detection process and are therefore relevant to guide health administrations toward actions to be implemented to this effect. more...
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- 2022
9. [Safety and efficacy of en bloc vs. conventional transurethral resection of bladder tumors: a meta-analysis and systematic review]
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D, Oswald, P, Pallauf, S, Deininger, T R W, Herrmann, C, Netsch, B, Becker, M, Fiedler, A, Haecker, R, Homberg, J T, Klein, K, Lehrich, A, Miernik, P, Olbert, D S, Schöb, K D, Sievert, A J, Gross, J, Westphal, and L, Lusuardi more...
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Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ,Muscles ,Operative Time ,Humans ,Urologic Surgical Procedures ,Cystectomy - Abstract
En bloc tumor resection of bladder tumors (ERBT) is a novel alternative procedure to conventional resection of bladder tumor (cTURBT), which might help to address common problems of the standard method, such as inadequate detrusor muscle in specimens, high re-resection rates and high recurrence rates.To analyze current data on ERBT in efficacy and safety compared to cTURBT.PubMed.Two independent authors identified trials based on keywords and inclusion criteria. A third author was consulted in case of discrepancies. Screening keywords: ERBT, en bloc transurethral resection of bladder tumor, TURBT en bloc. A meta-analysis of 13 studies was performed. The effect size was estimated based on odds ratios and mean differences including their corresponding two-sided 95% confidence intervals.The analyzed studies comprised a homogenous collective in terms of tumor size, tumor multiplicity and tumor stage. Operation time did not significantly differ between the methods. Differences were observed in hospitalization and catheterization time in favor of ERBT. Reported complications did not show clear differences. There was significantly more detrusor muscle in the specimens in the ERBT group. No significant differences were found in recurrence up to 2 years of follow-up.ERBT is a safe alternative to conventional TURBT with promising features regarding effective resection of detrusor muscle. More standardized data on recurrence rates, different resection modalities and resection margin results are needed.HINTERGRUND: Die transurethrale En-bloc-Resektion von Blasentumoren (ERBT) ist eine Alternative zur konventionellen transurethralen Resektion von Blasentumoren (TURB). Sie könnte dazu beitragen bekannte Probleme der Standardmethode wie fehlenden Detrusormuskel im Präparat, hohe Nachresektions- sowie Rezidivraten zu verbessern. ZIEL: Die Analyse der aktuellen Datenlage zur ERBT in Bezug auf Effektivität und Sicherheit im Vergleicht zur TURB. Datenquelle: PubMed.Zwei unabhängige Autoren identifizierten Studien basierend auf den Einschlusskriterien sowie den Schlüsselwörtern. Ein dritter Autor wurde bei Unstimmigkeiten zur Entscheidungsfindung involviert. Screening Keywords: ERBT, en bloc transurethral resection of bladder tumor, en bloc TURBT. Eine Metaanalyse von 13 Studien wurde durchgeführt. Effektgrößen wurden mittels Odds Ratios und mittleren Differenzen samt den zugehörigen zweiseitigen 95 %-Konfidenzintervallen geschätzt.Die behandelten Studien untersuchten ein homogenes Kollektiv in Bezug auf Tumorgröße, Multiplizität und Stadium. Die Operationszeit zeigte sich nicht signifikant verschieden zwischen den Methoden. Signifikante Unterschiede bestanden in Hospitalisierungs- und Kathetereinliegedauer zugunsten der ERBT. Die Daten in Bezug auf Komplikationsraten zeigen keine sicheren Unterschiede auf. In der ERBT-Gruppe konnte signifikant mehr Detrusormuskel im Präparat nachgewiesen werden. Keine Unterschiede ergaben sich in der Rezidivrate bei einem Follow-up bis 2 Jahre.Die ERBT ist eine sichere Alternative zur konventionellen TURB mit vielversprechenden Möglichkeiten bezüglich der effektiven Resektion von Detrusormuskulatur. Mehr Daten aus randomisierten kontrollierten Studien zu Rezidivraten, unterschiedlichen Energiequellen und Resektionstechniken sowie freien Resektionsrändern sind notwendig um den Stellenwert der Methode klar einzuordnen. more...
- Published
- 2022
10. L10 FePt films with high T capping layer for Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR)
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D. Oswald, D. Tripathy, Burak Ozdol, Pierre-Olivier Jubert, Paul C. Dorsey, Thanh Le, Cristian Papusoi, and M. Desai
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010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Thermoremanent magnetization ,Condensed matter physics ,Bilayer ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,02 engineering and technology ,Coercivity ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Magnetization ,nervous system ,Heat-assisted magnetic recording ,Remanence ,0103 physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Curie temperature ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,0210 nano-technology ,Saturation (magnetic) ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
The effect of a 1.5 nm thick CoX layer (CAP) of high Curie temperature TC, deposited on top of an L10 Fe50Pt50 layer (MAG) on the properties of the MAG/CAP bilayer is investigated. Two series of samples are studied: “w/o CAP” are single MAG layers of thickness in the 3.8–10.5 nm range and “w/CAP” are MAG/CAP bilayers of MAG thickness in the 3.8–10.5 nm range and 1.5 nm CAP. For both series, magnetization reversal is investigated at TRT = 300 K and is shown to be coherent rotations up to a MAG thickness threshold of tcr ∼ 7.5 nm and incoherent, domain-wall mediated, above tcr. The dependence of d H RC / d T T = T C , where HRC is the remanence coercivity, on the MAG thickness indicates tcr is poorly dependent on temperature from TRT up to the MAG TC. The MAG TC distribution, of average 〈TC〉 and standard deviation σTC, is evaluated for both series. The results indicate 〈TC〉 is higher and σTC/〈TC〉 is lower w/CAP than w/o, particularly at low MAG thicknesses. This behavior is interpreted as a consequence of spin exchange hardening in the MAG layer in the proximity of the MAG/CAP interface. For the w/CAP case, the saturation field of the Thermoremanent magnetization exhibits a non-motononic dependence on the MAG thickness, displaying a maximum. This behavior indicates the CAP assists the applied field to set the MAG layer magnetization during a HAMR process, the assist effect becoming more efficient the lower is the MAG thickness. more...
- Published
- 2019
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11. Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966, a new senior synonym of Pseudomallada Tsukaguchi, 1995 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae: Chrysopini)
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Laura C.V. Breitkreuz, John D. Oswald, and Peter Duelli
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biology ,Neuroptera ,Synonym ,Zoology ,biology.organism_classification ,Genus ,Chrysopinae ,Animals ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Apertochrysa ,Holometabola ,Chrysopidae ,Nomenclature ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966, is identified as a new senior subjective synonym of the large, subcosmopolitan, green lacewing genus currently known under the name Pseudomallada Tsukaguchi, 1995. Apertochrysa is rediagnosed and the taxonomic consequences of the new synonymy are reviewed. New combinations are created in Apertochrysa for 165 species formerly placed in Pseudomallada and for two species formerly placed in Mallada; three species are transferred from Pseudomallada back to previously-established combinations in Apertochrysa; and 13 additional species are retained in Apertochrysa from previous placements. This brings the total number of Apertochrysa species to 183. more...
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- 2021
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12. Crop and Semi-Natural Habitat Configuration affects Diversity and Abundance of Native Bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) in a Large-Scale Cotton Agroecosystem
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Isaac. L. Esquivel, Katherine A. Parys, Karen W. Wright, Micky D. Eubanks, John D. Oswald, Robert N. Coulson, and Michael J. Brewer
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Crop ,Agroecosystem ,biology ,Pollination ,Habitat ,Ecology ,Abundance (ecology) ,Hymenoptera ,Species richness ,biology.organism_classification ,Global biodiversity - Abstract
The cotton agroecosystem is one of the most intensely managed, economically, and culturally important fiber crops worldwide including in the United States of America (U.S.), China, India, Pakistan, and Brazil. The composition and configuration of crop species and semi-natural habitat can have significant effects on ecosystem services such as pollination. Here we investigate the effect of crop and semi-natural habitat configuration in a large-scale cotton agroecosystem on the diversity and abundance of native bees. Interfaces sampled include cotton grown next to cotton, sorghum or semi-natural habitat. Collections of native bees across interface types revealed 32 species in 13 genera across 3 families. Average species richness ranged between 20.5 and 30.5 with the highest (30.5) at the interface of cotton and semi-natural habitat. The most abundant species was Melissodes tepaneca Cresson (> 4,000 individuals, ~75% of bees collected) with a higher number of individuals found in all cotton-crop interfaces compared to the cotton interface with semi-natural habitat or natural habitat alone. It was also found that interface type had a significant effect on the native bee communities. Communities of native bees in the cotton-crop interfaces tended to be more consistent in the abundance of species and number of species at each sampling site. While cotton grown next to semi-natural habitat had higher species richness, the number of bees collected varied. These data suggest that native bee communities persist in large-scale cotton agroecosystems and some species may thrive even when cotton-crop interfaces are dominant compared with semi-natural habitat. These data have native bee conservation implications that may improve potential pollination benefits to cotton production. more...
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- 2020
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13. Morphological phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the former antlion subtribe Periclystina (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae)
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Renato Jose Pires Machado and John D. Oswald
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0106 biological sciences ,Phylogenetic tree ,biology ,Neuroptera ,010607 zoology ,Australia ,Zoology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Monophyly ,Genus ,Phylogenetics ,Polyphyly ,Animals ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Antlion ,Animal Distribution ,Holometabola ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Phylogeny - Abstract
The species of the former antlion subtribe Periclystina (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) are revised. Prior to this work Periclystina comprised 10 genera and 63 species endemic to Australia (62 spp.) and New Guinea (1 sp.). In this work two former genera are synonymized and four new genera are proposed (for a total of 12 valid genera), and six former species are synonymized and 16 new species are proposed (for a total of 73 valid species). A parsimony analysis utilizing 62 morphological characters is used to infer phylogenetic relationships among all 73 species, and suitable outgroups. Based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis, the tribal and/or generic assignments of 55 (75%) of former Periclystina species are modified here. Periclystina and its two largest genera—Austrogymnocnemia and Glenoleon—were all recovered as polyphyletic in their former circumscriptions. Ten species—placed here in six genera: Anomaloplectron, Csiroleon, Fissuleon gen. nov., Franzenia, Fusoleon and Latileon gen. nov.—clustered phylogenetically with Acanthoplectron and are transferred to the tribe Acanthoplectrini. The remaining 63 species—placed in six additional genera: Austrogymnocnemia, Glenoleon, Megagonoleon gen. nov., Minyleon gen. nov., Periclystus and Riekoleon—form a monophyletic Periclystus genus group and are transferred to the tribe Dendroleontini. All 73 species are (re)described and illustrated. New identification keys are provided for the tribes of Dendroleontinae, for the Australian genera of Acanthoplectrini and Dendroleontini, and for each of the non-monotypic genera treated. In addition, five new lectotypes are designated and 35 new combinations are created. more...
- Published
- 2020
14. Larvae of Abachrysa eureka (Banks) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Belonopterygini) descriptions and a discussion of the evolution of myrmecophily in Chrysopidae
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Catherine A. Tauber, John D. Oswald, and Shelby Kerrin Kilpatrick
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Larva ,Old World ,Insecta ,biology ,Arthropoda ,Neuroptera ,Zoology ,Biodiversity ,biology.organism_classification ,Tribe (biology) ,Myrmecophily ,Instar ,Animals ,Animalia ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Clade ,Chrysopidae ,Holometabola ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Phylogeny ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Here we describe the first and third instars and the egg of the New World chrysopid Abachrysa eureka (Banks). Like other members of the tribe Belonopterygini, this species is myrmecophilic. Comparisons of Abachrysa larval and egg characteristics with those reported from four other belonopterygine genera indicate that Abachrysa more closely resembles the Old World Calochrysa and Italochrysa than the New World Vieira and Nacarina. The three genera Abachrysa, Calochrysa and Italochrysa all have large eggs, accelerated embryonic development, and an elaborate set of morphological modifications for larval debris carrying, an important defense against ant attack. This pattern of shared features is consistent with the phylogenies recovered in recent molecular studies that place the New World genera Vieira and Nacarina basal to Abachrysa and the Old World genera. Our assessment of current morphological information in relation to the molecular studies indicates the following sequence: (i) The form of belonopterygine myrmecophily that is currently expressed in the basal lineages (Nacarina and perhaps Vieira) originated in the New World and does not involve elaborate larval modifications for debris carrying. (ii) Myrmecophily that is based on a correlated set of developmental and morphological traits subserving debris carrying evolved in the New World when Abachrysa diverged. (iii) Subsequently, the debris-carrying clade of Belonopterygini underwent a significant radiation in the Old World, but not in the New World. more...
- Published
- 2020
15. Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera)
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Shaun L. Winterton, Renato Jose Pires Machado, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, John D. Oswald, Alan R. Lemmon, Jessica P. Gillung, and Ivonne J. Garzón-Orduña
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,biology ,Neuroptera ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Phylogenetics ,Evolutionary biology ,Insect Science ,Phylogenomics ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2018
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16. Games for Health: Have Fun with Virtual Reality!
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U., Birgit, primary, Felnhofer, Anna, additional, D., Oswald, additional, and Lehenbauer, Mario, additional
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- 2012
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17. M075 DISTINGUISHING FREY SYNDROME FROM SUSPECTED FOOD ALLERGY
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D. Oswald and L. Yao
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Food allergy ,Immunology ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,business ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology - Published
- 2021
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18. Best Practice for Responsible Small Scale Aggregates Mining in Developing Countries
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A. Meyer, A. Le Hung, W. Riedel, K.-D. Oswald, P. Schneider, Luis Dominguez-Granda, and Indira Nolivos
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Sustainable development ,Poverty ,Natural resource economics ,Best practice ,Scale (social sciences) ,Urbanization ,Sustainability ,Cleaner production ,Business ,Social responsibility - Abstract
Small scale aggregates mining includes artisanal as well as small scale industrial mining, summarised as artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM). Aggregates mining forms the backbone of the urbanisation process in developing countries as it is the source of construction materials for the infrastructural development process. Responsible mining is a mining process that uses cleaner production strategies, and that respects the social responsibility towards the employees, generally aiming on a long term stable economic growth. As such, the best practice for responsible small-scale aggregate mining addresses sustainability, particularly the following Sustainable Development Goals: end poverty, good health and well-being, decent work and economic growth, industry, innovation and infrastructure, sustainable cities and communities as well as responsible consumption and Production. This contribution illustrates best practice using examples from Vietnam (South East Asia), Uganda (East Africa), and Ecuador (Latin America). more...
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- 2019
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19. Early detection, diagnosis and intervention services for young children with autism spectrum disorder in the European Union (ASDEU):family and professional perspectives
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Bejarano-Martin, A. (Alvaro), Canal-Bedia, R. (Ricardo), Magan-Maganto, M. (Maria), Fernandez-Alvarez, C. (Clara), Cilleros-Martin, M. V. (Maria Victoria), Sanchez-Gomez, M. C. (Maria Cruz), Garcia-Primo, P. (Patricia), Rose-Sweeney, M. (Mary), Boilson, A. (Andrew), Linertova, R. (Renata), Roeyers, H. (Herbert), Van der Paelt, S. (Sara), Schendel, D. (Diana), Warberg, C. (Christine), Cramer, S. (Susanne), Narzisi, A. (Antonio), Muratori, F. (Filippo), Scattoni, M. L. (Maria Luisa), Moilanen, I. (Irma), Yliherva, A. (Anneli), Saemundsen, E. (Evald), Loa Jonsdottir, S. (Sigridur), Efrim-Budisteanu, M. (Magdalena), Arghir, A. (Aurora), Papuc, S. M. (Sorina Mihaela), Vicente, A. (Astrid), Rasga, C. (Celia), Roge, B. (Bernadette), Guillon, Q. (Quentin), Baduel, S. (Sophie), Kafka, J. X. (Johanna Xenia), Poustka, L. (Luise), Kothgassner, O. D. (Oswald D.), Kawa, R. (Rafal), Pisula, E. (Ewa), Sellers, T. (Tracey), Posada de la Paz, M. (Manuel), Bejarano-Martin, A. (Alvaro), Canal-Bedia, R. (Ricardo), Magan-Maganto, M. (Maria), Fernandez-Alvarez, C. (Clara), Cilleros-Martin, M. V. (Maria Victoria), Sanchez-Gomez, M. C. (Maria Cruz), Garcia-Primo, P. (Patricia), Rose-Sweeney, M. (Mary), Boilson, A. (Andrew), Linertova, R. (Renata), Roeyers, H. (Herbert), Van der Paelt, S. (Sara), Schendel, D. (Diana), Warberg, C. (Christine), Cramer, S. (Susanne), Narzisi, A. (Antonio), Muratori, F. (Filippo), Scattoni, M. L. (Maria Luisa), Moilanen, I. (Irma), Yliherva, A. (Anneli), Saemundsen, E. (Evald), Loa Jonsdottir, S. (Sigridur), Efrim-Budisteanu, M. (Magdalena), Arghir, A. (Aurora), Papuc, S. M. (Sorina Mihaela), Vicente, A. (Astrid), Rasga, C. (Celia), Roge, B. (Bernadette), Guillon, Q. (Quentin), Baduel, S. (Sophie), Kafka, J. X. (Johanna Xenia), Poustka, L. (Luise), Kothgassner, O. D. (Oswald D.), Kawa, R. (Rafal), Pisula, E. (Ewa), Sellers, T. (Tracey), and Posada de la Paz, M. (Manuel) more...
- Abstract
Early services for ASD need to canvas the opinions of both parents and professionals. These opinions are seldom compared in the same research study. This study aims to ascertain the views of families and professionals on early detection, diagnosis and intervention services for young children with ASD. An online survey compiled and analysed data from 2032 respondents across 14 European countries (60.9% were parents; 39.1% professionals). Using an ordinal scale from 1 to 7, parents’ opinions were more negative (mean = 4.6; SD 2.2) compared to those of professionals (mean = 4.9; SD 1.5) when reporting satisfaction with services. The results suggest services should take into account child’s age, delays in accessing services, and active stakeholders’ participation when looking to improve services. more...
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- 2020
20. Evolution of green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): an anchored phylogenomics approach
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John D. Oswald, Peter Duelli, Jessica P. Gillung, Laura C.V. Breitkreuz, Renato Jose Pires Machado, Davide Badano, Ivonne J. Garzón-Orduña, Catherine A. Tauber, Xingyue Liu, Shaun L. Winterton, Atsushi Mochizuki, Michael S. Engel, Norman D. Penny, and Mervyn W. Mansell more...
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phylogenetics ,biology ,Neuroptera ,Evolutionary biology ,Insect Science ,Phylogenomics ,evolution ,biology.organism_classification ,Chrysopidae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2019
21. Biodiversity of the Neuropterida (Insecta: Neuroptera, Megaloptera, and Raphidioptera)
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John D. Oswald and Renato Jose Pires Machado
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0106 biological sciences ,Megaloptera ,biology ,Neuropterida ,Neuroptera ,010607 zoology ,Biodiversity ,Zoology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences - Published
- 2018
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22. Landslides and evaluation of triggering factors, hazard assessment practice in Switzerland
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F. Dapples, O. Lateltin, J.-P. Tripet, D. Oswald, and H. Raetzo
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Forensic engineering ,Environmental science ,Landslide ,Hazard analysis - Published
- 2018
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23. Holocene landslide activity in the Western Swiss Alps – a consequence of vegetation changes and climate oscillations
- Author
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D. Oswald, H. Raetzo, and F. Dapples
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medicine ,Landslide ,Physical geography ,medicine.symptom ,Vegetation (pathology) ,Holocene ,Geology - Published
- 2018
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24. Evolution of lacewings and allied orders using anchored phylogenomics (Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera)
- Author
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Laura C.V. Breitkreuz, Jeffrey H. Skevington, Michael S. Engel, Shaun L. Winterton, Davide Badano, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, Alan R. Lemmon, Renato Jose Pires Machado, Ivonne J. Garzon, Jessica P. Gillung, Xingyue Liu, John D. Oswald, and Deon K. Bakkes more...
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Megaloptera ,Osmylidae ,biology ,Neuroptera ,Mantispidae ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,phylogenetics ,03 medical and health sciences ,Paleontology ,Nymphidae ,030104 developmental biology ,Ithonidae ,Neuropterida ,Evolutionary biology ,Insect Science ,evolution ,Rhachiberothidae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Analysis of anchored hybrid enrichment (AHE) data under a variety of analytical parameters for a broadly representative sample of taxa (136 species representing all extant families) recovered a well-resolved and strongly supported tree for the higher phylogeny of Neuropterida that is highly concordant with previous estimates based on DNA sequence data. Important conclusions include: Megaloptera is sister to Neuroptera; Coniopterygidae is sister to all other lacewings; Osmylidae, Nevrorthidae and Sisyridae are recovered as a monophyletic Osmyloidea, and Rhachiberothidae and Berothidae were recovered within a paraphyletic Mantispidae. Contrary to previous studies, Chrysopidae and Hemerobiidae were not recovered as sister families and morphological similarities between larvae of both families supporting this assumption are reinterpreted as symplesiomorphies. Relationships among myrmeleontoid families are similar to recent studies except Ithonidae are placed as sister to Nymphidae. Notably, Ascalaphidae render Myrmeleontidae paraphyletic, again calling into question the status of Ascalaphidae as a separate family. Using statistical binning of partitioned loci based on a branch-length proxy, we found that the diversity of phylogenetic signal across partitions was minimal from the slowest to the fastest evolving loci and varied little over time. Ancestral character-state reconstruction of the sclerotization of the gular region in the larval head found that although it is present in Coleoptera, Raphidioptera and Megaloptera, it is lost early in lacewing evolution and then regained twice as a nonhomologous gula-like sclerite in distantly related clades. Reconstruction of the ancestral larval habitat also indicates that the ancestral neuropteridan larva was aquatic, regardless of the assumed condition (i.e., aquatic or terrestrial) of the outgroup (Coleopterida). more...
- Published
- 2018
25. Differential effects of single versus combined cognitive and physical training with older adults: the SimA study in a 5-year perspective
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Wolf D. Oswald, Roland Rupprecht, Bernd Hagen, and Thomas Gunzelmann
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Public health ,Perspective (graphical) ,education ,Cognition ,medicine.disease ,Cognitive training ,Well-being ,medicine ,Dementia ,Cognitive skill ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Psychology ,Independent living ,Clinical psychology ,Original Investigation - Abstract
The present study evaluates the effect of cognitive training, of psychoeducational training and of physical training on cognitive functioning, physical functioning, physical health, independent living and well-being in older people. Also the combination of physical training with cognitive training or psychoeducational training, respectively, was evaluated. In contrast to most training studies with older people, training effects were evaluated in a longitudinal perspective over 5 years to analyse long-term-results of cognitive and physical activity on older adults. Training effects were evaluated compared to a no-treatment-control group. Subjects were 375 community residents aged 75–93 years. Up to 5 years after baseline examination, significant training effects were observed in the group exposed to the combined cognitive and physical training. The physical and cognitive status in the participants of this group could be preserved on a higher level compared to baseline, and the participants displayed fewer depressive symptoms than the no-treatment-control group. The results are discussed in the light of recent research regarding the effects of mental and physical activity on brain function in older adults. more...
- Published
- 2017
26. Abstracts from the 4th ImmunoTherapy of Cancer Conference
- Author
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J. Ženka, V. Caisová, O. Uher, P. Nedbalová, K. Kvardová, K. Masáková, G. Krejčová, L. Paďouková, I. Jochmanová, K. I. Wolf, J. Chmelař, J. Kopecký, L. Loumagne, J. Mestadier, S. D’agostino, A. Rohaut, Y. Ruffin, V. Croize, O. Lemaître, S. S. Sidhu, S. Althammer, K. Steele, M. Rebelatto, T. Tan, T. Wiestler, A. Spitzmueller, R. Korn, G. Schmidt, B. Higgs, X. Li, L. Shi, X. Jin, K. Ranade, S. Koeck, A. Amann, G. Gamerith, M. Zwierzina, E. Lorenz, H. Zwierzina, J. Kern, M. Riva, T. Baert, A. Coosemans, R. Giovannoni, E. Radaelli, W. Gsell, U. Himmelreich, M. Van Ranst, F. Xing, W. Qian, C. Dong, X. Xu, S. Guo, Q. Shi, D. Quandt, B. Seliger, C. Plett, D. C. Amberger, A. Rabe, D. Deen, Z. Stankova, A. Hirn, Y. Vokac, J. Werner, D. Krämer, A. Rank, C. Schmid, H. Schmetzer, M. Guerin, J. M. Weiss, F. Regnier, G. Renault, L. Vimeux, E. Peranzoni, V. Feuillet, M. Thoreau, T. Guilbert, A. Trautmann, N. Bercovici, F. Doraneh-Gard, C. L. Boeck, C. Gunsilius, C. Kugler, J. Schmohl, D. Kraemer, B. Ismann, H. M. Schmetzer, A. Markota, C. Ochs, P. May, A. Gottschlich, J. Suárez Gosálvez, C. Karches, D. Wenk, S. Endres, S. Kobold, T. Hilmenyuk, R. Klar, F. Jaschinski, F. Augustin, C. Manzl, E. Hoflehner, P. Moser, B. Zelger, S. Köck, G. Schäfer, D. Öfner, H. Maier, S. Sopper, H. Prado-Garcia, S. Romero-Garcia, R. Sandoval-Martínez, A. Puerto-Aquino, J. Lopez-Gonzalez, U. Rumbo-Nava, A. Van Hoylandt, P. Busschaert, I. Vergote, J. Laengle, K. Pilatova, E. Budinska, B. Bencsikova, R. Sefr, R. Nenutil, V. Brychtova, L. Fedorova, B. Hanakova, L. Zdrazilova-Dubska, Chris Allen, Yuan-Chieh Ku, Warren Tom, Yongming Sun, Alex Pankov, Tim Looney, Fiona Hyland, Janice Au-Young, Ann Mongan, A. Becker, J. B. L. Tan, A. Chen, K. Lawson, E. Lindsey, J. P. Powers, M. Walters, U. Schindler, S. Young, J. C. Jaen, S. Yin, Y. Chen, I. Gullo, G. Gonçalves, M. L. Pinto, M. Athelogou, G. Almeida, R. Huss, C. Oliveira, F. Carneiro, C. Merz, J. Sykora, K. Hermann, R. Hussong, D. M. Richards, H. Fricke, O. Hill, C. Gieffers, M. P. Pinho, J. A. M. Barbuto, S. E. McArdle, G. Foulds, J. N. Vadakekolathu, T. M. A. Abdel-Fatah, C. Johnson, S. Hood, P. Moseley, R. C. Rees, S. Y. T. Chan, A. G. Pockley, S. Rutella, C. Geppert, A. Hartmann, K. Senthil Kumar, M. Gokilavani, S. Wang, M. Redondo-Müller, K. Heinonen, V. Marschall, M. Thiemann, L. Zhang, B. Mao, Y. Jin, G. Zhai, Z. Li, Z. Wang, X. An, M. Qiao, J. Zhang, J. Weber, H. Kluger, R. Halaban, M. Sznol, H. Roder, J. Roder, J. Grigorieva, S. Asmellash, K. Meyer, A. Steingrimsson, S. Blackmon, R. Sullivan, W. Sutanto, T. Guenther, F. Schuster, H. Salih, F. Babor, A. Borkhardt, Y. Kim, I. Oh, C. Park, S. Ahn, K. Na, S. Song, Y. Choi, A. Poprach, R. Lakomy, I. Selingerova, R. Demlova, S. Kozakova, D. Valik, K. Petrakova, R. Vyzula, D. Aguilar-Cazares, M. Galicia-Velasco, C. Camacho-Mendoza, L. Islas-Vazquez, R. Chavez-Dominguez, C. Gonzalez-Gonzalez, J. S. Lopez-Gonzalez, S. Yang, K. D. Moynihan, M. Noh, A. Bekdemir, F. Stellacci, D. J. Irvine, B. Volz, K. Kapp, D. Oswald, B. Wittig, M. Schmidt, R. Kleef, A. Bohdjalian, D. McKee, R. W. Moss, Mesha Saeed, Sara Zalba, Reno Debets, Timo L. M. ten Hagen, S. Javed, J. Becher, F. Koch-Nolte, F. Haag, E. M. Gordon, K. K. Sankhala, N. Stumpf, W. Tseng, S. P. Chawla, N. González Suárez, G. Bergado Báez, M. Cruz Rodríguez, A. Gutierrez Pérez, L. Chao García, D. Hernández Fernández, J. Raymond Pous, B. Sánchez Ramírez, C. Jacoberger-Foissac, H. Saliba, C. Seguin, A. Brion, B. Frisch, S. Fournel, B. Heurtault, T. Otterhaug, M. Håkerud, A. Nedberg, V. Edwards, P. Selbo, A. Høgset, T. Jaitly, J. Dörrie, N. Schaft, S. Gross, B. Schuler-Thurner, S. Gupta, L. Taher, G. Schuler, J. Vera, F. Rataj, F. Kraus, S. Grassmann, M. Chaloupka, S. Lesch, C. Heise, B. M. Loureiro Cadilha, and K. Dorman more...
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Cancer Research ,Oncology ,Immunology ,medicine ,Molecular Medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Cancer ,Identification (biology) ,Computational biology ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Epitope - Published
- 2017
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27. Counting on forests and accounting for forest contributions in national climate change actions
- Author
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J., Nkem, primary, D., Oswald, additional, D., Kudejira, additional, and M., Kanninen, additional
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- 2009
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28. Effekte eines multimodalen Aktivierungsprogrammes (SimA-P) für Bewohner von Einrichtungen der stationären Altenhilfe
- Author
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Wolf D. Oswald, Andreas Ackermann, Thomas Gunzelmann, and D. Oswald
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Gerontology ,Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Functional autonomy ,Physical activity ,Intervention approach ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Extant taxon ,medicine ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Psychology ,Nursing homes - Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Lasst sich die verbliebene Selbststandigkeit von Pflegeheimbewohnern in kognitiver und funktioneller Hinsicht erhalten und fordern? Uber die Moglichkeiten und Grenzen des Selbststandigkeitserhaltes durch geeignete therapeutische Methoden bei bereits pflegebedurftigen Bewohnern von Einrichtungen der stationaren Altenhilfe ist wenig bekannt. Deshalb wurde im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes «Rehabilitation im Altenpflegeheim» die Anwendbarkeit und Effektivitat eines rehabilitativen Interventionsansatzes bei einer Pflegeheimklientel untersucht. Hierzu wurden an einer Stichprobe von 294 Bewohnern von Pflegeheimen im Alter von 70-99 Jahren psychologische, funktionelle und medizinische Variablen als Faktoren der Selbststandigkeit vor allem in den Bereichen der Ak- tivitaten des taglichen Lebens uber einen Interventionszeitraum von 12 Monaten zu drei Zeitpunkten untersucht. Der Interventionsansatz geht aus den theoretischen und praktischen Ergebnissen der SimA-Studie (SimA = Selbststandig im Alter) (Oswald et al., seit 1991) hervor und berucksichtigt die Erkenntnisse aktueller geriatrischer und gerontopsychiatrischer Therapie- und Rehabilitationsstudien. Grundlage der Intervention stellt gemas der Erkenntnisse der SimA-Studie eine Kombination aus kognitiver und korperlicher Aktivierung dar. Zusatzlich wurde fur demenziell starker eingeschrankte Pflegeheimbewohner ein spezifisch biographisch ausgerichtetes Aktivie- rungskonzept erarbeitet. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse zeigen signifikante Therapieeffekte auf kognitive und funktionelle Parameter sowie einen Transfer der Therapieinhalte auf Aktivitaten des taglichen Lebens und die Sturzhaufigkeit der Teilnehmer. Abstract. Is it possible to maintain or even to enhance functional and cognitive independence in nursing home residents? In literature there is only little information about possibilities and limits of maintaining extant independence in this persons. Hence the aim of the research project «rehabilitation in nursing homes» was to determine the practicability and effectivity of a rehabilitative approach among residents of nursing homes. The main objectives of the study were to maintain and enhance the cognitive and functional autonomy of the residents. Therefore psychological, functional and medical variables were analysed in a sample of 294 residents of nursing homes (age range = 70-99) over a period of 12 months in three measuring times. The intervention approach derives from the theoretical and practical results of the SIMA-Study (Oswald et al., since 1991) and it includes the findings of recent geriatric and gerontopsychiatric therapeutical and rehabilitative studies. The intervention is based on a combined cognitive and physical activity program. For demented residents a specific activity-program with biographical contents was designed. The results of the study show significant effects in cognitive and functional parameters. In addition, an influence of the therapeutical content on activities of daily living and falls could be shown. more...
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- 2006
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29. On the nomenclature of the genus name Ululodes (Neuroptera, ascalaphidae)
- Author
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John D. Oswald and Joshua R. Jones
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Western hemisphere ,astronomy.celestial_object ,Type species ,Ascalaphus ,Neuroptera ,Genus ,Nearctic ecozone ,astronomy ,Owlfly ,Zoology ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Nomenclature - Abstract
Ascalaphus macleayanus Guilding, 1823 is fixed as the type species of the Western Hemisphere owlfly genus Ululodes Smith, 1900 (ascalaphidae). Information clarifying the proper authorship, date of publication and nomenclatural gender of this name is presented. more...
- Published
- 2013
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30. Secretive food concocting in binge eating: Test of a famine hypothesis
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Kimberly D. Oswald, Ellen S. Shuman, Bulent Turan, Mary M. Boggiano, and Christine R. Maldonado
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Diet, Reducing ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Emotions ,Shame ,Craving ,Anorexia ,Hyperphagia ,Article ,Feeding and Eating Disorders ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Body Image ,medicine ,Humans ,Bulimia ,Overeating ,Psychiatry ,Aged ,media_common ,Binge eating ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Feeding Behavior ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Self Concept ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Eating disorders ,Famine ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Dieting - Abstract
Objective: Food concocting, or making strange food mixtures, is well documented in the famine and experimental semistarvation literature and appears anecdotally in rare descriptions of eating disorder (ED) patients but has never been scientifically investigated. Here we do so in the context of binge-eating using a ‘‘famine hypothesis of concocting.’’ Method: A sample of 552 adults varying in binge eating and dieting traits completed a Concocting Survey created for this study. Exploratory ED groups were created to obtain predictions as to the nature of concocting in clinical populations. Binge eating predicted the 24.6% of participants who reported having ever concocted but dietary restraint, independently, even after controlling for binge eating, predicted its frequency and salience. Craving was the main motive. Emotions while concocting mirrored classic high-arousal symptoms associated with drug use; while eating the concoctions were associated with intensely negative/self-deprecating emotions. Concocting prevalence and salience was greater in the anorexia [ bulimia [ BED [ no ED groups, consistent with their respectively incrementing dieting scores. Discussion: Concocting distinguishes binge eating from other overeating and, consistent with the famine hypothesis, is accounted for by dietary restraint. Unlike its adaptive function in famine, concocting could worsen binge-eating disorders by increasing negative effect, shame, and secrecy. Its assessment in these disorders may prove therapeutically valuable. more...
- Published
- 2012
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31. Motivation for palatable food despite consequences in an animal model of binge eating
- Author
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Vinetra L. King, Mary M. Boggiano, Donna L. Murdaugh, and Kimberly D. Oswald
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Punishment (psychology) ,Choice Behavior ,Satiety Response ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Eating ,Binge-eating disorder ,Food choice ,Hypophagia ,medicine ,Animals ,Analysis of Variance ,Electroshock ,Motivation ,Behavior, Animal ,Binge eating ,Bulimia nervosa ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Feeding Behavior ,Emotional eating ,medicine.disease ,Diet ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Binge-Eating Disorder ,Dieting - Abstract
Binge-eating is characterized by the compulsion to seek out and consume large quantities of food in a discrete time period (1). While the macronutrient composition of binges is often similar to normal meals (2), it is highly palatable food that is greatly craved and preferred during binges. These are foods that are typically high in sucrose and fat and, because they are calorie-dense, are commonly “forbidden” between binges (3-7). The motivation to repeatedly seek out and consume palatable food can be construed as abnormal given the many consequences that result from ingesting these foods. For example, palatable foods are known to trigger binges (7, 8), and they contribute to weight gain and ensuing preoccupation with weight gain (7-8). Binges lead to worsening body image, low self-esteem, mood disturbances, increased perceived life stress, and adverse medical consequences (9-13). Repeatedly returning to intake of palatable foods with full knowledge that a binge, along with worsening of binge-eating symptoms and consequences, is likely to follow cannot be regarded as adaptive. Animal models are valuable in that they aid in identifying the physiological underpinnings of complex human behaviors, of which binge-eating is certainly an example. The validity of an animal model of binge-eating is in part contingent on the number of clinical features it reproduces. One feature not previously investigated in these models is the compulsive nature of eating palatable food despite aversive consequences. Consuming significantly more palatable food can imply an increased motivation for that food. However, tolerating punishment for it is stronger evidence of abnormal motivation for palatable foods. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to ascertain whether binge-eating prone (BEP) rats are also characterized by heightened motivation for palatable food, as defined by the voluntary tolerance of punishment for a particular palatable food. Here, the voluntary punishment was incrementing levels of electrical foot shock delivered immediately after the retrieval of a highly palatable food. The voluntary nature of this behavior was ensured by allowing the rat freedom to enter and escape the palatable food-baited alley at any time, by providing plain rat chow in an alley free of shock, and by not restricting the rat of any food intake prior to being placed into the food choice alley. A second aim of the study was to determine the extent to which exposure to a brief history of cyclic caloric restriction followed by ad lib refeeding changes the motivation of BEP and BER rats to tolerate footshock for palatable food. Cyclic caloric restriction was designed to simulate restrictive dieting which is common among many with binge-eating disorders, including bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder (10, 14-16). Our BEP/BER model is based on indentifying inherent and stable differences in consumption of palatable food in rats in a discrete, 1-4hr, period of time (17). Rats of the same age and sex generally consume very similar amounts of standard rat chow, their maintenance diet. However, they can vary vastly in how much palatable food they consume when given a choice between these foods and chow. BEP rats are those that consistently consume > 40% more palatable food than those rats consistently eating the least amount of palatable food (BER rats). BEPs are not simply “big eaters,” because they do not overeat on their standard and less palatable maintenance diet of rat chow. Hence, BEPs require palatable food to trigger an abnormal response to their food intake, likely reflecting a gene x environment interaction on their feeding behavior, an interaction that is likely also present in human binge-eating. Since the BEPs do not compensate for their greater intake of palatable food by eating less chow, their total food intake is also greater than that of BERs. Besides eating larger amounts of food in a discrete and same period of time as BER rats, the BEP rats also display other behaviors that are characteristic of human binge-eating. These are described elsewhere (17), but briefly, they include: 1) eating beyond satiety, since they consume as much food after a period of food deprivation as when sated; 2) forsaking healthier chow for palatable food when stressed (BERs do the opposite, forsaking palatable food over more nutritious chow when stressed); 3) rebounding more quickly from stress-induced hypophagia (any stress-induced hypophagia is no longer apparent in BEPs within one hour), and 4) BEP status does not always predict obesity (10, 18-22). When placed on a steady high-fat diet, just as many BEPs as BERs develop obesity and as many of each group resist obesity (17). Similarly, among humans that binge-eat, not all develop obesity because some will compensate in various ways, typically in maladaptive ways, to resist obesity (1). BEPs and BERs that resist obesity do so by voluntarily eating less of the high-fat diet (17). The present study used the BEP/BER model to further validate its use in binge-eating research by determining if BEPs were also characterized by an abnormal motivation for palatable food. We tested the hypothesis that rats assigned BEP status would retrieve and consume more palatable food despite experiencing incrementing levels of footshock for doing so. We secondly hypothesized that BEP and BER rats subjected to a history of cyclic caloric restriction-refeeding, a simulation of human dieting, would seek out and consume more palatable food despite the aversive consequence of footshock. Hence, it was predicted that experience with caloric restriction would turn BERs into more BEP-like rats and, in BEPs, the experience would increase their motivation for palatable food to an even greater extent. Lastly, we measured the food intake of BEPs and BERs when they had access to the previously shock-paired palatable food for the first time in the safe confines of their home cage vs. the shock-delivering maze. We predicted that BERs would consume as much of this palatable food as BEPs due to increased incentive value produced by its former unattainable nature, a simulation of “forbidden” food. more...
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- 2011
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32. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in dust from previously owned automobiles at United States dealerships
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Timothy D. Oswald, Anthony F. Lagalante, and Frank C. Calvosa
- Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350 ,Pollution ,Persistent organic pollutant ,education.field_of_study ,Waste management ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Dust ,Environmental Exposure ,Environmental exposure ,United States ,Congener ,Polybrominated diphenyl ethers ,Environmental health ,Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ,Humans ,Environmental science ,Statistical analysis ,Polybrominated Biphenyls ,education ,Automobiles ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,media_common - Abstract
The levels of BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, and BDE-209 were determined in the dust sampled from 60 automobiles that were available for resale at U.S. dealerships. The dominant congener in automobile dust was BDE-209 comprising 95% of the total PBDE levels with a median level of 48.1 µg g−1. Statistical analysis of the vehicle attributes indicates that the BDE-209 levels are different (p more...
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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33. Case 3399DichochrysaYang, 1991 (Insecta, Neuroptera): proposed conservation by ruling thatNavasius eumorphusYang & Yang, 1990 is an available name
- Author
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John D. Oswald
- Subjects
biology ,Neuroptera ,Ecology ,biology.organism_classification ,Specific name ,Dichochrysa ,Nomenclature ,Available name ,Genealogy - Abstract
The purpose of this application, under Articles 13, 67.2.1 and 67.8 of the Code, is to conserve the name Dichochrysa Yang, 1991 for a widespread and speciose genus of Old and New World green lacewings. The name Dichochrysa is a replacement name for Navasius Yang & Yang, 1990, which is a junior homonym of Navasius Esben-Petersen, 1936, but Dichochrysa is unavailable from its original publication because it is based on the unavailable specific name Navasius eumorphus Yang & Yang, 1990. It is proposed to conserve the name Dichochrysa by ruling that the name Navasius eumorphus is available from its publication by Yang & Yang (1990). more...
- Published
- 2008
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34. Analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) by liquid chromatography with negative-ion atmospheric pressure photoionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/NI-APPI/MS/MS): application to house dust
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Anthony F. Lagalante and Timothy D. Oswald
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Detection limit ,Chromatography ,Selected reaction monitoring ,Diphenyl ether ,Ion chromatography ,Analytical chemistry ,Tandem mass spectrometry ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Polybrominated diphenyl ethers ,Congener ,chemistry ,Gas chromatography - Abstract
Eight polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners of primary interest to the US EPA were separated using reverse-phase liquid chromatography on an octadecylsilane column. BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, and BDE-209 were baseline-resolved under isocratic conditions in 92:8 methanol/water (v/v). Negative-ion atmospheric pressure photoionization (NI-APPI) with a toluene dopant produced precursor ions corresponding to [M-Br+O](-) for the eight congeners studied. Each congener was quantified by tandem mass spectrometry through a unique multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transition. On-column limits of detection were between 2.4 and 27.8 pg for the eight congeners studied, with an intra-day method precision of 9%. The LC/NI-APPI/MS/MS method was validated for the analysis of the eight PBDE congeners in NIST SRM 2585 (Organics in House Dust). Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with subsequent LC/NI-APPI/MS/MS analysis afforded quantitative recovery for all eight PBDE congeners with recoveries ranging from 92.7 to 113%. The liquid-phase separation of the LC/NI-APPI/MS/MS method is not prone to the thermal degradation issues that plague splitless GC based analyses of highly brominated PBDEs such as BDE-209. more...
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Annotated list of the primary type specimens of Megaloptera and Raphidioptera (Insecta, Neuropterida) in the Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Author
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Michael Ohl and John D. Oswald
- Subjects
Megaloptera ,Taxon ,Neuropterida ,biology ,Insect Science ,Zoology ,Raphidiidae ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Corydalidae ,biology.organism_classification ,Corydalus - Abstract
Nomenclatural and taxonomic data are provided for 28 nominal taxa (7 Raphidioptera, 21 Megaloptera) whose primary type(s) [in one case a paralectotype] are contained in the holdings of the Berlin Museum. Explicit lectotype designations are made for the following four taxa: (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae) Rhaphidia affinis Schneider; (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) A canthacorydalis kolbei van der Weele, Corydalus laevicornis Stitz, and Corydalus soror Hagen. Lectotype selections for four nominal taxa whose syntypical series occur (at least in part) in the Berlin Museum are deferred for future researchers. The unique name-bearing type specimens of the remaining 20 nominal taxa have been validly fixed by the actions of previous authors or by automatic provisions of the code. more...
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Standardverfahren zur Behandlung proximaler Humerusfrakturen
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Markus D. Schofer, C. Schoepp, Horst-Rainer Kortmann, and D. Oswald
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Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Emergency Medicine - Abstract
Aufgrund des steigenden Lebensalters nimmt die Zahl proximaler Humerusfrakturen, die ganz uberwiegend konservativ behandelt werden konnen, stetig zu. Das operative Vorgehen beinhaltet entweder eine Platten- oder eine antegrade Verriegelungsnagelosteosynthese. Bei der Plattenosteosynthese hat die Verwendung winkelstabiler Implantate konventionelle Platten weitgehend abgelost. Auf die spezifischen Komplikationen dieser neuen Implantate wird hingewiesen, Strategien zu deren Vermeidung werden aufgezeigt. Trummerfrakturen des Humeruskopfs sollten im hoheren Alter endoprothetisch versorgt werden. Die funktionellen Ergebnisse nach inverser Prothese im Vergleich zur Kopfprothese sind im eigenen Krankengut deutlich gunstiger. Langzeitergebnisse, insbesondere zur Standzeit inverser Prothesen, stehen allerdings noch aus, sodass endgultige Empfehlungen noch nicht ausgesprochen werden konnen. more...
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Progress on work towards a global monograph of the Neuropterida
- Author
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John D. Oswald
- Subjects
Engineering ,Work (electrical) ,Neuropterida ,biology ,business.industry ,Regional science ,Engineering ethics ,business ,biology.organism_classification - Published
- 2016
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- View/download PDF
38. Body composition and endocrine status of long-term stress-induced binge-eating rats
- Author
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A.I. Artiga, Kimberly D. Oswald, Paula C. Chandler-Laney, Jason B. Viana, Mary M. Boggiano, and Christine R. Maldonado
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Leptin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrine System ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Article ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Eating ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Stress, Physiological ,Weight loss ,Corticosterone ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Insulin ,Bulimia ,Overeating ,Caloric Restriction ,Analysis of Variance ,Behavior, Animal ,Binge eating ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Eating disorders ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Body Composition ,Lean body mass ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Dieting - Abstract
Clinical binge eating runs a protracted course. The etiology of binge eating remains perplexing in part because, in humans, it is difficult to isolate and assess the independent and aggregate impact of various contributing variables. Using rats, we found that footshock stress and a history of caloric restriction (S+R), combine synergistically to induce binge eating. Stress and dieting are also strong antecedents and relapse factors in human eating disorders. Here we report further behavioral and physiological parallels to human binge eating. Like the protracted course of human binge eating, young female Sprague-Dawley rats continued to binge eat after 23 restriction/stress cycles (7 months) and this despite experiencing no significant weight loss during the restriction phases. Stress alone reduced adiposity by 35% (p more...
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Predictors of caregiver depression among community-residing families living with traumatic brain injury
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Joan S. Grant, Kimberly D. Oswald, Patricia Rivera, Timothy R. Elliott, and John W. Berry
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Cross-sectional study ,Depression scale ,Traumatic brain injury ,Rehabilitation ,Physical health ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Caregiver burden ,medicine.disease ,Logistic regression ,Caregiver health ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,Psychiatry ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that ineffective problem-solving abilities would be significantly predictive of risk for depression in caregivers of persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) after controlling for caregiver burden, caregiver health and demographic characteristics. Design: Correlational and logistic regression analyses of cross-sectional data. Participants: 57 women and 3 men (M age of caregivers= 51.4, SD =1 0.1) caring for a relative with a TBI. Main outcome measure : Centers for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression scale (CES-D). Results: Twenty-nine caregivers (48.3%) had CES-D scores that met the criteria for risk of depression. An ineffective approach to problem solving, characterized by negative, avoidant, and careless/impulsive styles, and self-reported caregiver physical symptoms were significantly predictive of caregiver depression regardless of length of time caregiving, perceived burden, or demographic variables. Conclusions: Caregivers of persons with TBI who report physical health problems and who exhibit ineffective problem solving area at greater risk for depression, regardless of the time they have spent in their role as a caregiver. more...
- Published
- 2007
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- View/download PDF
40. A history of human-like dieting alters serotonergic control of feeding and neurochemical balance in a rat model of binge-eating
- Author
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Christine R. Maldonado, Edward Castañeda, Jason B. Viana, Kimberly D. Oswald, Paula C. Chandler-Laney, and Mary M. Boggiano
- Subjects
Serotonin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Diet, Reducing ,Tegmentum Mesencephali ,Dopamine ,Hypothalamus ,Nucleus accumbens ,Serotonergic ,Nucleus Accumbens ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Norepinephrine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Neurochemical ,Fluoxetine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Bulimia ,Neurotransmitter ,Brain ,Feeding Behavior ,Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Endocrinology ,Monoamine neurotransmitter ,chemistry ,3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid ,Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation ,Female ,Energy Intake ,Psychology ,human activities ,Injections, Intraperitoneal ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Objective: This study replicated a model of stress-induced binge-eating in rats with a history of caloric restriction (HCR), tested their response to SSRI (fluoxetine) treatment, and explored changes in brain monoamine levels. Method: Young female rats with no-HCR/no-Stress, no-HCR/Stress, HCR/no-Stress, and HCR+Stress (binge-eating) were treated with fluoxetine. Post-mortem levels of serotonin, dopamine, and metabolites were assessed from brain regions key to feeding and reward. Results: A 3 mg/kg dose of fluoxetine without effect in the no-HCR groups suppressed intake of HCR groups, normalizing the binge-eating of HCR/Stress rats. No differences in monoamines were detected in the hypothalamus or tegmentum but a strong positive relationship between accumbens serotonin and dopamine turnover in no-HCR rats was absent in rats with HCR. Conclusion: Despite lack of hunger, a history of human-like dieting alters serotonin function in ways suggesting consequences not only to feeding but also control of reward and mood that are dependent on dopamine/serotonin interactions. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006 more...
- Published
- 2007
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- View/download PDF
41. Identification, distribution, and adult phenology of the carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of Texas
- Author
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Edward G. Riley, Patricia L. Mullins, and John D. Oswald
- Subjects
Male ,Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Nicrophorus tomentosus ,Fauna ,Nicrophorus carolinus ,Silphidae ,Nicrophorus sayi ,Oiceoptoma noveboracense ,Animalia ,Animals ,Body Size ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Taxonomy ,biology ,Ecology ,Animal Structures ,Biodiversity ,Organ Size ,biology.organism_classification ,Texas ,Coleoptera ,Nicrophorus americanus ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Female ,Species richness ,Animal Distribution - Abstract
The carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of Texas are surveyed. Thirteen of the 14 species, and five of the six genera, of this ecologically and forensically important group of scavengers that have previously been reported from Texas are confirmed here based on a study of 3,732 adult specimens. The one reported, but unconfirmed, species, Oxelytrum discicolle , was probably based on erroneous label data and is excluded from the Texas fauna. Two additional species, Nicrophorus sayi and N. investigator are discussed as possible, but unconfirmed, components of the fauna. Taxonomic diagnoses, Texas distribution range maps, seasonality profiles, and biological notes are presented for each confirmed species. The confirmed Texas silphid fauna of 13 species comprises 43% of the 30 species of this family that are known from America north of Mexico. The highest richness (11 species) is found in the combined Austroriparian and Texan biotic provinces of eastern Texas. Phenologically, three species ( Necrophila americana, O. rugulosum and Nicrophorus tomentosus ) exhibit bimodal adult temporal occurrence patterns with peaks in the spring and late summer or fall; four species (Oiceoptoma noveboracense , Necrodes surinamensis , Nicrophorus carolinus , and N. orbicollis ) exhibit unimodal occurrence patterns with a single peak in late spring or early summer; one species ( Oiceoptoma inaequale ) exhibits a unimodal occurrence pattern with a single peak in early spring; and five species ( Thanatophilus truncatus, Nicrophorus americanus, N. marginatus, N. mexicanus and N. pustulatus ) display unimodal occurrence patterns with peaks in late summer or early fall. more...
- Published
- 2015
42. Inhaled carbon monoxide protects time-dependently from loss of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in endotoxemic mice
- Author
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Nora, Jahn, Regis R, Lamberts, Cornelius J, Busch, Maria T, Voelker, Thilo, Busch, Marleen J A, Koel-Simmelink, Charlotte E, Teunissen, Daniel D, Oswald, Stephan A, Loer, Udo X, Kaisers, and Jörg, Weimann more...
- Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides ,Male ,Carbon Monoxide ,HPV ,Time Factors ,Research ,Membrane Proteins ,Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ,Pulmonary Artery ,Endotoxemia ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,CO ,Disease Models, Animal ,Vasoconstriction ,Sepsis ,Administration, Inhalation ,Pulmonary circulation ,Cytokines ,Animals ,Arterial Pressure ,RNA, Messenger ,Inflammation Mediators ,Hypoxia ,Heme Oxygenase-1 - Abstract
Background Inhaled carbon monoxide (CO) appears to have beneficial effects on endotoxemia-induced impairment of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). This study aims to specify correct timing of CO application, it’s biochemical mechanisms and effects on inflammatory reactions. Methods Mice (C57BL/6; n = 86) received lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and subsequently breathed 50 ppm CO continuously during defined intervals of 3, 6, 12 or 18 h. Two control groups received saline intraperitoneally and additionally either air or CO, and one control group received LPS but breathed air only. In an isolated lung perfusion model vasoconstrictor response to hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.01) was quantified by measurements of pulmonary artery pressure. Pulmonary capillary pressure was estimated by double occlusion technique. Further, inflammatory plasma cytokines and lung tissue mRNA of nitric-oxide-synthase-2 (NOS-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were measured. Results HPV was impaired after LPS-challenge (p more...
- Published
- 2015
43. Family Caregivers of Women with Physical Disabilities
- Author
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John W. Berry, Richard M. Shewchuk, Joan S. Grant, Patricia Rivera, Timothy R. Elliott, and Kimberly D. Oswald
- Subjects
Caregiver distress ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Family caregivers ,business.industry ,Traumatic brain injury ,medicine.disease ,Article ,Cerebral palsy ,Care recipient ,Clinical Psychology ,Health psychology ,Orientation (mental) ,medicine ,business ,Psychiatry ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Cross-sectional, correlational analyses of data from two separate studies were conducted to examine the correlates of adjustment among family caregivers of women with disabilities. Participants included 40 caregivers of women with spinal cord injuries in the first study and 53 caregivers of women with cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, and other neuromuscular disabilities in the second study. It was hypothesized that a negative problem-solving style would be associated with greater caregiver distress in both studies, and that caregiver adjustment would be associated with care recipient depression in the second study. As expected, results indicated that a higher negative orientation toward solving problems was associated with caregiver depression and lower well-being. However, in the second study, caregiver characteristics were not associated with care recipient depression. These data indicate that considerable variability exists in caregiver adjustment. Methodological limitations and the implications for research, service, and policy formation are! discussed. more...
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Erhalt und Förderung der Selbstständigkeit bei Pflegeheimbewohnern
- Author
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Andreas Ackermann and Wolf D. Oswald
- Subjects
Gynecology ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Nursing homes ,business ,Gerontology - Abstract
Auch bei bereits eingetretener Pflegebedürftigkeit sind Maßnahmen der Rehabilitation zur Vermeidung eines Fortschreitens der Erkrankung oder der Verschlimmerung einer Behinderung zu gewähren. Zeitlich begrenzte stationäre wie ambulante Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen nach SGB V sind bei Pflegeheimbewohnern jedoch oftmals nicht sinnvoll, zumal eine nachhaltige Wirkung meist nicht erzielt werden kann. Für Pflegeheimbewohner sind langfristig angelegte rehabilitative Maßnahmen vor dem Hintergrund einer aktivierenden Pflege angebracht. Das Forschungsprojekt “Rehabilitation im Altenpflegeheim” untersucht die Anwendbarkeit und Effektivität eines auf Grundlage bestehender Rehabilitations- und Aktivierungsmaßnahmen beruhenden rehabilitativen Interventionsansatzes bei einer Pflegeheimklientel. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden vor dem Hintergrund der theoretischen Grundlagen einer aktivierend-rehabilitativen Pflege, die als Basis aller interventionistischer Bemühungen in der stationären Altenhilfe angesehen werden kann, existierende therapeutisch-rehabilitative Ansätze für Pflegeheimbewohner dargestellt und anhand der vorliegenden Literatur diskutiert. more...
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. PYY3-36 as an anti-obesity drug target
- Author
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Marcus Schindler, Jesse Z. Dong, C. Schoelch, Sylvia Ortmann, M. Mark, A. H. Beattie, Marc Birringer, Kimberly D. Oswald, H. G. Joost, Kjeld Madsen, X. Y. Deng, P. C. Chandler, Rakesh Datta, Christa Thöne-Reineke, Klaus Rudolf, Randy J. Seeley, Susanne Klaus, John E. Blundell, Oliver J. Kreuzer, M.H. Tschöp, David B. Allison, Annette G. Beck-Sickinger, Heather A. Halem, R.J. Rodgers, Birgitte Schjellerup Wulff, John E. Taylor, Mary M. Boggiano, Y. Ishii, Michael D. Culler, Carsten Enggaard Stidsen, Norman Koglin, Kirsten Raun, Stephen C. Benoit, D. C. Whitcomb, Patricia Holch, Kirsten Arndt, and Tamara R. Castañeda more...
- Subjects
Agonist ,Drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Endogeny ,Satiety Response ,Eating ,Species Specificity ,Stress, Physiological ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Peptide YY ,Receptor ,media_common ,Behavior, Animal ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Neuropeptide Y receptor ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Peptide Fragments ,Receptors, Neuropeptide Y ,Endocrinology ,Data Interpretation, Statistical ,Anti-Obesity Agents ,Melanocortin ,business - Abstract
The neuropeptide Y (NPY)/peptide YY (PYY) system has been implicated in the physiology of obesity for several decades. More recently ignited enormous interest in PYY3-36, an endogenous Y2-receptor agonist, as a promising anti-obesity compound. Despite this interest, there have been remarkably few subsequent reports reproducing or extending the initial findings, while at the same time studies finding no anti-obesity effects have surfaced. Out of 41 different rodent studies conducted (in 16 independent labs worldwide), 33 (83%) were unable to reproduce the reported effects and obtained no change or sometimes increased food intake, despite use of the same experimental conditions (i.e. adaptation protocols, routes of drug administration and doses, rodent strains, diets, drug vendors, light cycles, room temperatures). Among studies by authors in the original study, procedural caveats are reported under which positive effects may be obtained. Currently, data speak against a sustained decrease in food intake, body fat, or body weight gain following PYY3-36 administration and make the previously suggested role of the hypothalamic melanocortin system unlikely as is the existence of PYY deficiency in human obesity. We review the studies that are in the public domain which support or challenge PYY3-36 as a potential anti-obesity target. more...
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Feeding response to melanocortin agonist predicts preference for and obesity from a high-fat diet
- Author
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Mary M. Boggiano, P. C. Chandler, P.K Wauford, Kimberly D. Oswald, and Jason B. Viana
- Subjects
Male ,Agonist ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,medicine.drug_class ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Anorexia ,Peptides, Cyclic ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Eating ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Oxygen Consumption ,Melanocortin receptor ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Obesity ,Overeating ,Injections, Intraventricular ,Analysis of Variance ,Behavior, Animal ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Feeding Behavior ,medicine.disease ,Dietary Fats ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,alpha-MSH ,Anorectic ,Analysis of variance ,medicine.symptom ,Melanocortin ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
Overconsumption and increased selection of high fat (HF) foods contribute to the development of common obesity. Because the hypothalamic melanocortin (MC) system plays an integral role in the regulation of food intake and dietary choice, we tested the hypothesis that proneness (-P) or resistance (-R) to dietary-induced obesity (DIO) may be due to differences in MC function. We found that prior to developing obesity and while still maintained on chow, acute, central administration of MTII, an MC agonist, produced a greater anorectic response in DIO-P rats than in DIO-R rats. However, after only 5 days of exclusive HF feeding, the DIO-R rats had significantly greater suppression of intake after MTII treatment than they did when maintained on chow. In addition, the DIO-P rats were much less responsive to MTII treatment than the DIO-R rats after only 5 days of the HF diet. In fact, MTII-induced anorexia during HF feeding correlated negatively with body weight gained on the HF diet. These results suggest that the voluntary decrease of HF feeding in DIO-R rats may be mediated by increased endogenous MC signaling, a signal likely compromised in DIO-P rats. Differences in MC regulation may also explain the observed preference for HF over a lower fat food choice in DIO-P rats. Finally, the results indicate that responses to exogenous MC challenge can be used to predict proneness or resistance to DIO. more...
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Einsatz von Schrauben-Pumpen zur Förderung von Wasserstoff-/Sauerstoff-Gemischen. The use of skrewpumps to compress mixtures of Hydrogen and Oxygen
- Author
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D. Oswald, H. v.d. Waydbrink, and F. Gutte
- Subjects
Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Medicinal chemistry ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films - Abstract
Der Artikel zeigt, wie Vakuumsysteme ausgefuhrt werden konnen, in denen zundfahige Gemische vorhanden sein konnen, eine Absicherung mit herkommlichen Flammendurchschlagsicherungen jedoch nicht moglich ist. Dafur ist es jedoch notwendig, die Prozesszustande des Vakuumsystems genau zu analysieren und Betriebsbedingungen entsprechend zu definieren. Die Zoneneinteilung fur den Ex-Schutz gemas ATEX wurde nicht behandelt. more...
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Lacewings and Scale Insects: A Review of Predator/Prey Associations Between the Neuropterida and Coccoidea (Insecta: Neuroptera, Raphidioptera, Hemiptera)
- Author
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Douglass R. Miller, John D. Oswald, and Gary L. Miller
- Subjects
Taxon ,Neuropterida ,Ecology ,Neuroptera ,Host (biology) ,Insect Science ,Homoptera ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Predator ,Hemiptera ,Predation - Abstract
Information on 263 Neuropterida/Coccoidea associations with additional detailed data on the most commonly encountered taxa is presented. Included for each entry, where applicable, is the predator, Coccoidea prey, validation source, prey plant host, and biogeographic origin. more...
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Kognitive und körperliche Aktivität
- Author
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Wolf D. Oswald
- Subjects
Gynecology ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Political science ,medicine ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Gerontology - Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Eine Analyse des aktuellen Forschungsstandes zeigt, dass lebenslang erhöhte kognitive Anforderungen einher gehen mit einem selteneren und auch späteren Auftreten von Demenzerkrankungen. In Bezug auf die Auswirkungen regelmäßiger körperlicher Aktivitäten auf das Auftreten demenzieller Erkrankungen zeigen sich die in der Literatur berichteten Befunde zwar teilweise widersprüchlich, scheinen jedoch auf einen positiven Einfluss hinsichtlich spezifischer kognitiver Funktionen sowie exekutiver Gedächtnisleistungen hinzuweisen. Die Ergebnisse der Literaturrecherche werden anschließend mit denjenigen der SimA-Studie verglichen, in der gezeigt werden konnte, dass die Kombination aus Psychomotorik- und Gedächtnistraining auch langfristig einerseits einen positiven Einfluss auf den kognitiven Status ausübt und andererseits das Risiko einer Demenzerkrankung deutlich vermindert. Schließlich wird die protektive Wirkung kombinierter Interventionsmaßnahmen vor dem Hintergrund neuerer neurophysiologischer Beobachtungen diskutiert. more...
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Stress and hunger alter the anorectic efficacy of fluoxetine in binge-eating rats with a history of caloric restriction
- Author
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P. C. Chandler, P.K Wauford, Rachel J. Placidi, Christine R. Maldonado, Mary M. Boggiano, and Kimberly D. Oswald
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Hunger ,Serotonergic ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Fluoxetine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Bulimia ,Binge eating ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,medicine.disease ,Anorexia ,Rats ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Eating disorders ,Endocrinology ,Anorectic ,Female ,Serotonin ,medicine.symptom ,Energy Intake ,Reuptake inhibitor ,Psychology ,Injections, Intraperitoneal ,Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ,Stress, Psychological ,Dieting ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Objective We examined the effect of fluoxetine to suppress binge eating in rats with a history of caloric restriction (CR) and the extent to which this effect was altered by stress and hunger. Method To detect heightened sensitivity to fluoxetine, young female rats were used to determine a subthreshold anorectic dose (2 mg/kg, intraperitonally). Another group of rats was either fed ad libitum or given multiple CR (to 90% body weight) and refeeding-to-satiety cycles. One half of the rats were then either spared or subjected to foot shock stress before fluoxetine treatment. Results A history of CR alone produced bingelike eating on palatable food (p < .001) and, although stress did not affect intake, it rendered CR rats hypersensitive to the satiety effect of fluoxetine. The feeding-suppression was mainly for chow (p < .05) and the effect was abolished if the rats were in negative energy balance. Discussion Results support the utility of this animal model to elucidate serotonergic changes linking dieting to binge eating. The diverse effects of fluoxetine on the type of food, and in hungry versus sated rats, suggest alternate brain mechanisms should be concomitantly targeted for improved treatment of binge eating disorders. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 328–341, 2004. more...
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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