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Many sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) experience bias-based bullying (i.e., bullying related to their minoritized social identities) at school. Compared to their straight and cisgender peers, SGMYs also report a disproportionately high prevalence of suicidal thoughts. This study used a sizeable, racially diverse, statewide sample of secondary-aged SGMY and straight/non-transgender peers (n = 74,501) drawn from 381 comprehensive high schools. We explored the moderating role of covitality, a construct representing the co-occurrence of youth psychological strengths, in the relationship between suicidal thoughts and homophobic and gender-based bullying experiences among SGMY. Compared to all other groups, students with two minoritized identities (i.e., both transgender and sexual minority) report the highest rates of bias-based bullying and suicidal thoughts. Mixed-effects logistic regression analyses indicate that, for most SGMY groups, increases in covitality were associated significantly with decreases in the likelihood of suicidal thoughts. However, no significant moderating effects were found, suggesting that the psychological impacts of bias-based bullying are difficult to counteract through the cultivation of psychological strengths alone. We detail the relationship between bias-based bullying and suicidal thoughts as it varies across types of bias-based bullying experiences, levels of covitality and SGMY identities.

Several studies have replicated the finding that Latinx students tend to have less favorable perceptions of school climate than their White peers. However, because most research compares Latinx students to a White standard, little is known about variation within the Latinx group and thus the opportunity to produce strength-defining counter-narratives has been missed. Using latent class analysis, this study identified meaningful classes of school climate perceptions within 20,050 Grade 7 Latinx students in California. Five climate classes were identified, lending support to the hypothesis that substantial heterogeneity of school climate perceptions exists within the Latinx student population. The results support the utility of latent class modeling for examining school climate perceptions beyond traditional variable-centered approaches. Countering the prevailing deficit narrative, the results indicate that nearly half of all Latinx respondents reported generally positive perceptions of school climate. Conversely, supporting the need for environmental supports that encourage Latinx students to voice their concerns and make decisions regarding systems that affect them, over three-quarters of the responses suggested that Latinx students perceive meaningful participation at school negatively. The results suggest the possibility of a cascade effect in the development of the psychological experience of the school, such that some dimensions of school climate perceptions may be antecedents to others. Implications for further research and intervention are discussed.

The structure of nuclei around the neutron-rich nucleus 132Sn is of particular interest due to the vicinity of the Z = 50 and N = 82 shell closures and the r-process nucleosynthetic path. Four states in 131Sn with a strong single-particle-like component have previously been studied via the (d,p) reaction, with limited excitation energy resolution. The 130Sn(9Be,8Be)131Sn and 130Sn(13C,12C)131Sn single-neutron transfer reactions were performed in inverse kinematics at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility using particle-gamma coincidence spectroscopy. The uncertainties in the energies of the single-particle-like states have been reduced by more than an order of magnitude using the energies of gamma rays. The previous tentative Jpi values have been confirmed. Decays from high-spin states in 131Sn have been observed following transfer on the isomeric component of the 130Sn beam. The improved energies and confirmed spin-parities of the p-wave states important to the r-process lead to direct-semidirect cross-sections for neutron capture on the ground state of 130Sn at 30 keV that are in agreement with previous analyses. A similar assessment of the impact of neutron-transfer on the isomer would require significant nuclear structure and reaction theory input. There are few measurements of transfer reaction on isomers, and this is the first on an isomer in the 132Sn region., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

The Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, 2nd Edition (CTOPP-2; Wagner et al., 2013) is commonly used in k-12 public schools to assess basic cognitive processing skills foundational for reading achievement. Psychometric support for its use with dual language learners (DLLs), a group representing over 10% of the school-aged population in the United States, is critical. This study tested the metric and scaler invariance of CTOPP-2 scores among school-aged children ( n = 242; 41.3% Spanish-speaking DLL). Results indicate that the CTOPP-2’s three-factor (i.e., Phonological Awareness, Phonological Memory, and Rapid Automatic Naming) measurement structure displays metric and scalar invariance for DLLs. Model fit was improved when the Phonological Awareness and Phonological Memory factors were combined. Implications for future research and the practice of psychoeducational diagnostic assessment with DLLs are discussed.

Natural convection in porous media is a highly nonlinear multiphysical problem relevant to many engineering applications (e.g., the process of $\mathrm{CO_2}$ sequestration). Here, we present a non-intrusive reduced order model of natural convection in porous media employing deep convolutional autoencoders for the compression and reconstruction and either radial basis function (RBF) interpolation or artificial neural networks (ANNs) for mapping parameters of partial differential equations (PDEs) on the corresponding nonlinear manifolds. To benchmark our approach, we also describe linear compression and reconstruction processes relying on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and ANNs. We present comprehensive comparisons among different models through three benchmark problems. The reduced order models, linear and nonlinear approaches, are much faster than the finite element model, obtaining a maximum speed-up of $7 \times 10^{6}$ because our framework is not bound by the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition; hence, it could deliver quantities of interest at any given time contrary to the finite element model. Our model's accuracy still lies within a mean squared error of 0.07 (two-order of magnitude lower than the maximum value of the finite element results) in the worst-case scenario. We illustrate that, in specific settings, the nonlinear approach outperforms its linear counterpart and vice versa. We hypothesize that a visual comparison between principal component analysis (PCA) or t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) could indicate which method will perform better prior to employing any specific compression strategy.

Purpose: A chasm exists between the expanding mental health needs of school-aged youth and the school resources available to address them. Education agencies must efficiently allocate their limited resources by adopting innovative public health models. The need for these effective approaches is acute in rural regions, where resources tend to be scarce. This mixed-methods study of school superintendents illuminates key opportunities to optimize access to care for students struggling with mental health needs in rural communities. Method: Superintendents serving rural California school districts were targeted for a web-based, mixed response–type, 53-item survey designed to examine their perceptions across three school mental health–related categories: (a) strengths and gaps in community ethos and district infrastructure, (b) school personnel groups’ knowledge and skills, and (c) predominant barriers. Of the targeted respondents, 16.7% completed the survey ( N = 62). Quantitative data were analyzed using a series of descriptive analyses and paired-sample t tests. Qualitative data were analyzed using a constant comparative method with an open-coding approach. Findings and Implications: Budget constraints and access to trained school-based and community-based mental health personnel are the most frequently cited barriers to addressing mental health in schools. Knowledge and skills related to mental health are perceived to be more pronounced in district and school leadership than in other personnel groups, including staff typically responsible for providing mental health services, such as school psychologists. Our findings suggest a need to improve superintendent knowledge of innovative public health models for delivering mental health services within the constraints of rural school district settings.

Mindfulness is linked to a variety of social, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral well-being indicators in youth. Given increased interest among researchers and practitioners, high-quality instruments are needed to effectively measure the construct in children, youth, and young adults, especially in the context of mindfulness-based interventions conducted in school settings. Presented is a review of published and nonpublished measurement studies of mindfulness in school-aged youth. An overview of three survey instruments is provided, along with each instrument's development procedures, associated psychometric properties, and applications. Potential theoretical and applied uses of these measures in school-based settings are discussed.

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) provides the opportunity to study nuclear reactions under controlled conditions at high temperatures and pressures at a level never before achieved. However, the timescale of the deuterium-tritium (DT) implosion is only a few nanoseconds, making data collection and diagnostics very challenging. One method that has been proposed for obtaining additional information about the conditions of the implosion is to activate a dopant material using the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles produced from the DT fuel as a diagnostic. The yield of the activated material can give a measure of the mixing that occurs in the capsule. One of the reactions that has been proposed is $^{10}\mathrm{B}(\ensuremath{\alpha},n)\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{13}\mathrm{N}$ as it produces a radioactive reactant product with a convenient half-life of $\ensuremath{\approx}10\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{min}$. Although this reaction has several advantages for the application at hand, it has not seen much study in the present literature, resulting in large uncertainties in the cross section. Furthermore, for the current application, the cross section must be well characterized. With this motivation, the $^{10}\mathrm{B}(\ensuremath{\alpha},n)\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{13}\mathrm{N}$ cross section has been remeasured for $2.2l{E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}l4.9\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}$ with the angle-integrated ground-state cross section reported for the first time. The present results, combined with previous measurements, allow for a determination of the cross section to a significantly higher degree of accuracy and precision than obtained previously and are shown to be consistent with thick-target measurements. Preliminary calculations are performed to test the feasibility of this reaction as a diagnostic for a NIF implosion.

Electromagnetic observables are able to give insight into collective and emergent features in nuclei, including nuclear clustering. These observables also provide strong constraints for ab initio theory, but comparison of these observables between theory and experiment can be difficult due to the lack of convergence for relevant calculated values, such as $E2$ transition strengths. By comparing the ratios of $E2$ transition strengths for mirror transitions, we find that a wide range of ab initio calculations give robust and consistent predictions for this ratio. To experimentally test the validity of these ab initio predictions, we performed a Coulomb excitation experiment to measure the $B(E2;3/{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1/{2}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ transition strength in $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ for the first time. A $B(E2;3/{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1/{2}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ value of $26{(6)}_{\mathrm{stat}}{(3)}_{\mathrm{syst}}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{e}^{2}{\mathrm{fm}}^{4}$ was deduced from the measured Coulomb excitation cross section. This result is used with the experimentally known $^{7}\mathrm{Li}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}B(E2;3/{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1/{2}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ value to provide an experimental ratio to compare with the ab initio predictions. Our experimental value is consistent with the theoretical ratios within $1\ensuremath{\sigma}$ uncertainty, giving experimental support for the value of these ratios. Further work in both theory and experiment can give insight into the robustness of these ratios and their physical meaning.

Much effort has been made to understand the origins of 18F in novae. Due to its relatively long half-life (~2 hours), 18F can survive until the nova envelope is transparent, and therefore can provide a sensitive diagnostic of nova nucleosynthesis. It is likely produced through the beta decay of 18Ne, which is itself produced (primarily) through the 17F(p,γ) reaction. Understanding the direct capture contribution to the 17F(p,γ) reaction is important to accurately calculate it. As such, the proton spectroscopic strengths of low-lying states in 18Ne are needed. At the University of Notre Dame a measurement of the 17F(d,n) reaction has been performed using a beam produced by the TwinSol low energy radioactive beam facility. Preliminary data analysis is presented.

Detection of nuclear-decay γ rays provides a sensitive thermometer of nova nucleosynthesis. The most intense γ-ray flux is thought to be annihilation radiation from the β^{+} decay of ^{18}F, which is destroyed prior to decay by the ^{18}F(p,α)^{15}O reaction. Estimates of ^{18}F production had been uncertain, however, because key near-threshold levels in the compound nucleus, ^{19}Ne, had yet to be identified. We report the first measurement of the ^{19}F(^{3}He,tγ)^{19}Ne reaction, in which the placement of two long-sought 3/2^{+} levels is suggested via triton-γ-γ coincidences. The precise determination of their resonance energies reduces the upper limit of the rate by a factor of 1.5-17 at nova temperatures and reduces the average uncertainty on the nova detection probability by a factor of 2.1.