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1. Radio frequency interference detection and mitigation in the DWD C-band weather radar network

Author: M. Schaper, M. Frech, D. Michaelis, C. Hald, and B. Rohrdantz
Subjects: Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract: C-band weather radar data are commonly compromised by interference from external sources even though weather radars are the primary and therefore privileged user of this frequency band. This is also the case for the radar network of the German Meteorological Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst, DWD). Theoretically, dynamic frequency selection (DFS) by devices operating in the C band should prevent any disturbance of the primary user. In practice, this does not always work as intended under the current regulations. As it is not possible to separate a superimposed interference signal from measured weather radar data, the protection of the frequency band is of utmost importance. Currently, the only available option is to discard the compromised portions of the radar data. Therefore, the current best course of action is to shut down radio frequency interference (RFI) sources as quickly as possible. The automated RFI detection algorithm for the German C-band weather radar network, operational since July 2017, makes use of routinely measured radar moments. Built upon data gathered since 2017, an RFI classification with respect to the severity and duration of RFI sources was first implemented in 2019. An independent verification of the RFI detection algorithm was performed by using a commercially available Wi-Fi adapter, which is directly integrated into the radar receiver. Subsequently, a mitigation workflow was implemented to efficiently identify and shut down detected RFI sources by the German Federal Network Agency (Bundesnetzagentur, BNetzA). By following this workflow with great effort, the number of persistent RFI sources has been decreasing since October 2019, while a steady increase in short-lived RFI sources over the last 5 years also exists. In total, 11 889 RFI sources have been identified from July 2017 to May 2022. Most of these (94.8 %) are such short-lived sources that an unambiguous identification by the BNetzA is, in general, not feasible. However, as stated by the C-band regulations, any non-compliant transmitter compromising the operation of a weather radar has to be shut down. This is important, as even these short-lived RFI sources negatively affect meteorological product generation.
Published: 2022
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2. Rewetting does not return drained fen peatlands to their old selves

Author: J. Kreyling, F. Tanneberger, F. Jansen, S. van der Linden, C. Aggenbach, V. Blüml, J. Couwenberg, W-J Emsens, H. Joosten, A. Klimkowska, W. Kotowski, L. Kozub, B. Lennartz, Y. Liczner, H. Liu, D. Michaelis, C. Oehmke, K. Parakenings, E. Pleyl, A. Poyda, S. Raabe, M. Röhl, K. Rücker, A. Schneider, J. Schrautzer, C. Schröder, F. Schug, E. Seeber, F. Thiel, S. Thiele, B. Tiemeyer, T. Timmermann, T. Urich, R. van Diggelen, K. Vegelin, E. Verbruggen, M. Wilmking, N. Wrage-Mönnig, L. Wołejko, D. Zak, and G. Jurasinski
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Whether rewetting leads to effective restoration of drained peatlands is unclear. Here the authors analyse a large number of near-natural and rewetted fen peatland sites in Europe, finding persistent differences in plant community composition and ecosystem functioning, and higher variance in the restored sites.
Published: 2021
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3. Plasmonic Purcell effect reveals obliquely ordered phosphorescent emitters in Organic LEDs

Author: R. Mac Ciarnain, D. Michaelis, T. Wehlus, A. F. Rausch, S. Wehrmeister, T. D. Schmidt, W. Brütting, N. Danz, A. Bräuer, and A. Tünnermann
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract The non-isotropic alignment of molecules can increase the interaction efficiency with propagating light fields. This applies to both emissive and absorptive systems and can be exploited for achieving unprecedented efficiencies of organic opto-electronic devices such as organic light-emitting diodes. Optical analysis has revealed certain phosphorescent emitters to align spontaneously in an advantageous orientation. Unfortunately, established approaches only determine an average orientation because emission patterns solely depend on the second moments of the transition dipole vector distribution. In order to resolve further details of such a distribution, additional differences in the emission characteristics of parallel and perpendicularly oriented emitters need to be introduced. A thin metal layer near the emitters introduces plasmon mediated losses mostly for perpendicular emitters. Then, analyzing the emission at different polarizations allows one to measure emission lifetimes of mostly parallel or mostly perpendicular oriented emitters. This should alter the transient emission when observing the temporal phosphorescence decay under different directions and/or polarizations. The angular width of the orientation distribution can be derived from the degree of such lifetime splitting. Our results suggest a narrow but obliquely oriented molecular ensemble of Ir(MDQ)2(acac) doped into the α-NPD host inside an Organic LED stack.
Published: 2017
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4. Evaluation and Implementation of the OGC Web Processing Service for Use in Client-Side GIS.

Author: Christopher D. Michaelis and Daniel P. Ames
Published: 2009
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5. Behandlung von Kohlenmonoxidvergiftungen in Deutschland

Author: Björn Jüttner, Kay Tetzlaff, M. Kieback, M. Kemmerer, D. Michaelis, and Lars Eichhorn
Subjects: First medical contact, biology, Nausea, Carbon monoxide poisoning, business.industry, Unconsciousness, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, General Medicine, Single Center, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, 030202 anesthesiology, Anesthesia, Vertigo, medicine, Headaches, medicine.symptom, Differential diagnosis, business
Abstract: Background The symptoms of acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning are unspecific, ranging from headaches to unconsciousness and death. In addition to acute symptoms, delayed severe neurological sequelae may occur. While a total of 440 deaths by CO poisoning were registered in Germany in 1999, a total of 594 patients died (0.73 per 100,000 inhabitants) in 2014 and in 2015 the number even increased to 648 deaths. A national database on clinical symptoms, course of illness or quality of care concerning CO poisoning does not yet exist. Methods The treatment data of patients admitted to the Hyperbaric Emergency Centre Wiesbaden (HEC) from 2013 to 2017 with CO poisoning formed the basis of the study. This was a comparative evaluation of patient demographics, poisoning sources, symptom spectrum, course of treatment and time intervals registered on the preclinical and clinical levels. Results From 2013 to 2017 a total of 476 patients (282 men and 194 women) with an average non-invasively measured CO-Hb of 15% (Q0.25 = 7.6%, Q0.75 = 22.3%) were treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Heaters (n = 131), charcoal barbecues (n = 93), fires (n = 90), hookahs (n = 78) and combustion engines (n = 37) were the most frequent CO sources identified. Headaches, vertigo, nausea and syncope were the most prevalent symptoms. A median of 91 min (Q0.25 = 53 min; Q0.75 = 147 min) passed between first medical contact and BGA-validated diagnosis. In total, 151 patients were transferred directly to the HEC, whereas 325 patients were secondarily transferred. The delay in this subgroup took 183 min (median Q0.25 = 138 min; Q0.75 = 248 min). After receiving the first hyperbaric treatment, 80% were free of symptoms. Remaining symptoms included headache (10%), fatigue (8%), vertigo (5%) and nausea (3%) and 45 patients terminated further treatment. Of the patients 417 received a second hyperbaric treatment and 370 patients were treated 3 times. After the third treatment, 89% were free of symptoms and 5% still reported headaches, 3% vertigo and 2% fatigue. In total, 6 patients died and 430 patients were symptom-free after treatment. Conclusion Commonly known sources (fire, charcoal grills) aside, many poisonings by smoking a hookah were observed. This study highlights the importance of considering CO poisoning as a differential diagnosis when encountering patients, especially of younger age, with non-specific neurological symptoms, as well as the importance of early initiation of treatment. A direct correlation between CO-Hb values (whether measured noninvasively or by invasive BGA) and the initial symptoms could not be demonstrated. In total, substantial time expired between the diagnosis and start of treatment of patients transported to a primary care hospital compared to those transported directly to the HEC. Although analysis showed adequate treatment with oxygen in the preclinical interval, administration of oxygen during primary hospital stay showed room for improvement. Introducing a national CO poisoning register and uniform treatment guidelines could improve in-house clinical processes. Multicenter studies are needed to close the gaps identified in the quality of care in Germany.
Published: 2019
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6. High dispersive TIR-GRISMs with flattened angular dispersion profile

Author: U. D. Zeitner, K. Grabowski, D. Michaelis, T. Flügel-Paul, and M. Heusinger
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Diffraction efficiency, Angular dispersion, Atomic layer deposition, Optics, Angular resolution, Rigorous coupled-wave analysis, Constant (mathematics), business, Image resolution, Diffraction grating
Abstract: We present new dispersive optical components, namely TIR-GRISMs, that exhibit three advantages when compared to standard diffraction gratings. First, high diffraction efficiency, second, enormous angular dispersion and, third, a nearly constant angular resolution profile.
Published: 2020
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7. Multiplexed synchronization: an electronic warfare countermeasure.

Author: John E. Hershey and Amy D. Michaelis
Published: 1991
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8. Assessment and application of tomographic PIV for the spray-induced flow in an IC engine

Author: Andreas Dreizler, E. Baum, Brian Peterson, Carl Philipp Ding, Benjamin Böhm, and D. Michaelis
Subjects: Physics, Work (thermodynamics), Meteorology, Plane (geometry), Turbulence, Mechanical Engineering, General Chemical Engineering, Flow (psychology), tomographic PIV, spray induced turbulent flow, Mechanics, Vorticity, Fuel injection, Shear (sheet metal), Turbulence kinetic energy, planar PIV, IC engine, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: Spray-induced turbulence proceeding late-injection is regarded to augment mixing, playing a primary role in controlling heat-release rates and pollutant formation in direct-injection engines. This work presents the first application of tomographic PIV (TPIV) to resolve the 3-dimensional, 3-component (3D3C) spray-induced turbulent flow in a spray-guided direct-injection spark-ignition (SG-DISI) engine. TPIV measurements were performed after a single-injection from a hollow-cone spray when particle distributions were suited for accurate particle reconstruction. High-speed PIV (HS-PIV) measurements (4.8 kHz) were combined with phase-locked TPIV measurements (3.3 Hz) to provide the time history of the 2D2C flow-field preceding TPIV. HS-PIV is also used to validate TPIV measurements within the z = 0 mm plane. TPIV uncertainties of 12% are assessed for non-injection operation. TPIV is used to spatially resolve spray-induced turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), shear (S), and vorticity (Ω) distributions. The added 3D3C velocity information is capable of resolving 3D shear layers that produce spatially-coherent 3D turbulent vortical structures, which are anticipated to augment fuel–air mixing. Measurements spatially quantify the increase of these parameters from injection and quantity distributions reveal significant differences to non-injection operation. The isosurface density ( ρ ¯ ), defined as the volume percentage for which a flow parameter exceeds a given value, is used to identify distributions of the largest TKE, S, and Ω magnitudes. Distributions quantify the increase of TKE, S, and Ω from injection and describe the decay of spray-induced turbulence with time. At ρ ¯ values below 10%, fuel injection increases TKE, S, and Ω magnitudes in excess of 400% compared to the tumble flow without injection. Magnitudes remained 2-times larger than non-injection operation 16 crank-angle degrees (CADs) after injection. This indicates that spray-induced turbulence enhancement can remain for a significant time after injection. Measurements and analyses provide insight into spray-induced turbulence phenomena and are anticipated to support predictive model development for engine sprays.
Published: 2017
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9. Web Feature Service (WFS) and Web Map Service (WMS).

Author: Christopher D. Michaelis and Daniel P. Ames
Published: 2017
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10. [Treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning in Germany : A retrospective single center analysis]

Author: L, Eichhorn, M, Kieback, D, Michaelis, M, Kemmerer, B, Jüttner, and K, Tetzlaff
Subjects: Adult, Male, Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, Hyperbaric Oxygenation, Germany, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Emergency Service, Hospital, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: The symptoms of acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning are unspecific, ranging from headaches to unconsciousness and death. In addition to acute symptoms, delayed severe neurological sequelae may occur. While a total of 440 deaths by CO poisoning were registered in Germany in 1999, a total of 594 patients died (0.73 per 100,000 inhabitants) in 2014 and in 2015 the number even increased to 648 deaths. A national database on clinical symptoms, course of illness or quality of care concerning CO poisoning does not yet exist.The treatment data of patients admitted to the Hyperbaric Emergency Centre Wiesbaden (HEC) from 2013 to 2017 with CO poisoning formed the basis of the study. This was a comparative evaluation of patient demographics, poisoning sources, symptom spectrum, course of treatment and time intervals registered on the preclinical and clinical levels.From 2013 to 2017 a total of 476 patients (282 men and 194 women) with an average non-invasively measured CO-Hb of 15% (QCommonly known sources (fire, charcoal grills) aside, many poisonings by smoking a hookah were observed. This study highlights the importance of considering CO poisoning as a differential diagnosis when encountering patients, especially of younger age, with non-specific neurological symptoms, as well as the importance of early initiation of treatment. A direct correlation between CO-Hb values (whether measured noninvasively or by invasive BGA) and the initial symptoms could not be demonstrated. In total, substantial time expired between the diagnosis and start of treatment of patients transported to a primary care hospital compared to those transported directly to the HEC. Although analysis showed adequate treatment with oxygen in the preclinical interval, administration of oxygen during primary hospital stay showed room for improvement. Introducing a national CO poisoning register and uniform treatment guidelines could improve in-house clinical processes. Multicenter studies are needed to close the gaps identified in the quality of care in Germany.
Published: 2018

11. Notfallindikationen für die hyperbare Oxygenierungstherapie (HBO)

Author: D. Michaelis and M. Flores
Subjects: Emergency Medicine, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Published: 2015
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12. MapWindow GIS

Author: Daniel P. Ames, Christopher D. Michaelis, Allen Anselmo, Lailin Chen, and Harold Dunsford
Published: 2017
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13. Investigation of the 3D flow field in an IC engine using tomographic PIV

Author: Brian Peterson, C. Surmann, Benjamin Böhm, D. Michaelis, E. Baum, and Andreas Dreizler
Subjects: Physics, Field (physics), business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, General Chemical Engineering, Mechanics, Vorticity, Velocimetry, Volumetric flow rate, Cylinder (engine), law.invention, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Optics, Particle image velocimetry, law, Turbulence kinetic energy, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, business, Large eddy simulation
Abstract: In-cylinder measurements of the instantaneous 3D flow field are required for further understanding of turbulent mixing and combustion processes in internal combustion (IC) engines as well provide valuable data for the development of large eddy simulation (LES) models for combustion simulation. Tomographic particle image velocimetry (TPIV) is applied within a motored direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) optical engine to measure the instantaneous volumetric flow field at selected crank-angle degrees (CAD) during the intake and compression stroke. Measurements were conducted using a double-pulse Nd:YAG laser with an average pulse energy of 375 mJ for illumination and four CCD cameras arranged circularly around the optically accessible cylinder. A volume of 47 × 35 × 4 mm 3 was imaged located centrally between the intake valves. The uncertainty of the 3D velocity data was addressed using the principle of mass conservation for the inlet flow. A precision within 9% was found for the calculation of the velocity gradient tensor and is comparable to experiments in generic configurations, indicating that TPIV measurements within a motored IC engine are feasible. Based on the volumetric velocity data, the average structure of the flow field was analyzed showing a clear orientation of the average velocity, which changes during the different phases of the cycle. The 3D turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) is computed and compared to the 2D-TKE determined from in-plane velocity components and reveals distinct regions of large out-of-plane velocity fluctuations. Results from volumetric velocimetry furthermore provides insight into the occurrence and orientation of vortical structures that here are identified by using the Q-criterion. Differences between flow structures during intake and compression strokes are discussed on basis of ensemble-averaged and individual cycle velocity maps as well as the full vorticity vector.
Published: 2013
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14. Plasmonic Purcell effect reveals obliquely ordered phosphorescent emitters in Organic LEDs

Author: R, Mac Ciarnain, D, Michaelis, T, Wehlus, A F, Rausch, S, Wehrmeister, T D, Schmidt, W, Brütting, N, Danz, A, Bräuer, and A, Tünnermann
Subjects: Article
Abstract: The non-isotropic alignment of molecules can increase the interaction efficiency with propagating light fields. This applies to both emissive and absorptive systems and can be exploited for achieving unprecedented efficiencies of organic opto-electronic devices such as organic light-emitting diodes. Optical analysis has revealed certain phosphorescent emitters to align spontaneously in an advantageous orientation. Unfortunately, established approaches only determine an average orientation because emission patterns solely depend on the second moments of the transition dipole vector distribution. In order to resolve further details of such a distribution, additional differences in the emission characteristics of parallel and perpendicularly oriented emitters need to be introduced. A thin metal layer near the emitters introduces plasmon mediated losses mostly for perpendicular emitters. Then, analyzing the emission at different polarizations allows one to measure emission lifetimes of mostly parallel or mostly perpendicular oriented emitters. This should alter the transient emission when observing the temporal phosphorescence decay under different directions and/or polarizations. The angular width of the orientation distribution can be derived from the degree of such lifetime splitting. Our results suggest a narrow but obliquely oriented molecular ensemble of Ir(MDQ)2(acac) doped into the α-NPD host inside an Organic LED stack.
Published: 2016

15. Braided carbon fiber composites

Author: F. Gnädinger, H. Ahlborn, M. Bulat, and D. Michaelis
Subjects: Carbon fiber composite, Textile, Materials science, Process (engineering), business.industry, Composite number, Braid, Robot, Mechanical engineering, Fibre-reinforced plastic, Composite material, business
Abstract: Textile technologies offer a good opportunity to manufacture FRP (fiber-reinforced plastics) in an automated process for high-volume production. The combination of braiding technology with a robot gives the opportunity to manufacture preforms that can be used, eg, for longitudinal and hollow parts. The following chapter describes the state of the art in composite production and gives an insight into production steps which have to be optimized or developed in future work. Types of braids and the commonly used materials that are interesting for FRP are described. The main parts of braiding equipment as well as the auxiliary equipment that plays a significant role are mentioned. At the end an overview of common applications and parts which are manufactured at present is given.
Published: 2016
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16. MapWindow GIS

Author: Daniel P. Ames, Christopher D. Michaelis, Allen Anselmo, Lailin Chen, and Harold Dunsford
Published: 2016
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17. List of contributors

Author: H. Ahlborn, D. Aibibu, R. Akkerman, M. Aurich, S. Bien, K. Bilisik, A.E. Bogdanovich, P. Böhler, M. Bulat, S. Carosella, C. Cherif, B. Duchamp, C. Ebel, P. Glessner, F. Gnädinger, T. Gries, F. Heieck, T. Heinze, M. Hild, C. Kern, K. Kind, Y. Kyosev, X. Legrand, M. Lengersdorf, J. Mammitzsch, M. Matthaei, M. Michael, D. Michaelis, P. Middendorf, A. Mierzwa, M. Milwich, B. Müller, A. Pickett, F. Regel, J. Schäfer, M. Schmidt, A. Schmieder, F. Schreiber, D. Soulat, J.H. van Ravenhorst, S. West, and S. Zuleger
Published: 2016
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18. Considerations for Implementing OGC WMS and WFS Specifications in a Desktop GIS

Author: Daniel P. Ames and Christopher D. Michaelis
Subjects: Distributed GIS, Geospatial analysis, Geographic information system, Database, business.industry, Computer science, Web Feature Service, Web Map Service, computer.software_genre, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, Data access, Data visualization, Web service, business, computer
Abstract: An implementation of the Open Geospatial Consortium Web Feature Service (WFS) and Web Map Service (WMS) specifications in an open source desktop GIS is presented together with a discussion of considerations for improving the use of web services data in desktop applications. In our implementation, WFS and WMS services are consumed by a plug-in to MapWindow GIS [1], allowing the end user to view WFS, WMS and ArcIMS data, including data from the ESRI Geography Network, in a transparent manner that can be configured for either data analysis and modeling, or data visualization. This implementation in an open source GIS allows for others to view and use the code, improve it, and otherwise implement the suggested considerations in other GIS platforms. Specific considerations proposed here include: pre-fetching through envelope optimization, tile display, and feature complexity reduction. These strategies improve the speed and responsiveness with which data can be viewed and analyzed. Comparisons made with other webbased data access implementations are used to evaluate whether these techniques provide performance benefits, and under which circumstances.
Published: 2012
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19. Validity of WHO Criteria for Classification of Newly Diagnosed Diabetics* 1)

Author: W. Hildmann, K. V. Richter, Ilona Rjasanowski, Kohnert Kd, and D. Michaelis
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Physiology, Lipid metabolism, General Medicine, Human leukocyte antigen, medicine.disease, Islet, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Metabolic control analysis, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, biology.protein, Who criteria, Ketosis, Antibody, business
Abstract: In order to assess the validity of WHO criteria for the discrimination between Type I and Type II diabetes a cross-sectiona clinical study was performed in 84 normweight newly diagnosed diabetics with a mean age of 22 years. Taking into consideration clinical and biochemical characteristics of the carbohydrate and fat metabolism, the therapeutic requirement to maintain euglycemic metabolic control, the residual beta-cell function, the HLA phenotype and islet cell antibodies (ICA, ICSA) it could be shown that none of the tested criteria has the ability to distinguish between the types with absolute certainty. As shown by the frequency of the different markers in relation to the therapeutic requirements for euglycemic metabolic control as well as by the correlation analysis between the variables the discriminating validity of the markers decreased in the following sequence: diabetes associated HLA phenotype, residual beta-cell function, proneness to ketosis, age at onset, relative body weight. Neither the characteristics of the carbohydrate and fat metabolism nor the presence of islet cell antibodies contributed much to the differentiation between insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetes.
Published: 2009
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20. Trends in Mortality Rates in the Diabetic Population of the GDR*)

Author: E Jutzi and D Michaelis
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Age structure, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Population, Sex Factors, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Internal Medicine, Humans, Medicine, Registries, Child, education, Aged, Excess mortality, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Mortality rate, Age Factors, Infant, Relative mortality, Diabetes prevalence, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Child, Preschool, Female, Germany, East, business, Demography
Abstract: Based upon the National Diabetes Registry the mortality rates were assessed annually between 1961 and 1987 in the total diabetic population of the GDR. The rise of diabetes prevalence from 724/10(5) up to 3988/10(5) during the 27-year observation period was associated with an increase of relative mortality rates from 466% to 600% in insulin-treated diabetics, from 352% up to 528% in non-insulin-treated diabetics. By calculation of standardized mortality ratios (SMR) it could be shown that excess mortality is dependent on age but not at all on sex. Insulin-treated diabetics exhibited their maximum SMR of 650% to 750% at ages 25 to 45 years, while in non-insulin-treated diabetics the maximum SMR amounted to 450% at ages 25 to 35 years. In contrast to trends of the total relative mortality rates that of the overall age structure adjusted SMR of diabetics was characterized by a declining tendency, which may be a reflection of the improvement in diabetes care in our country, and which underscores the dependence of mortal, ty rates on the methods used for evaluation.
Published: 2009
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21. Islet Cell Surface Antibodies (ICSA) in Subjects with a Previous Mumps Infection - a Prospective Study over a 4 Year Period

Author: W. Hildmann, D. Michaelis, B. Hehmke, Witt S, Ilona Rjasanowski, and B. Schulz
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mumps virus, Antibodies, Viral, medicine.disease_cause, Gastroenterology, Group B, Impaired glucose tolerance, Islets of Langerhans, Endocrinology, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Risk factor, Prospective cohort study, Mumps, biology, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Immunology, biology.protein, Female, Viral disease, Antibody, business
Abstract: It has been suggested that the mumps virus may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of Type-I diabetes mellitus. Most studies have analyzed this relationship retrospectively. We, however, carried out a prospective study over a 4 year period after a mumps infection in two age groups (16 years and under [group A no = 32] and over 16 years [group B no = 18]). These subjects with "diabetic risk factors" (impaired glucose tolerance, low insulin response, ICSA and/or HLA-DR3/DR4) were selected from 1581 registered cases, in whom an antecedent mumps infection had occurred in 1980 and 1981. Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion did not change significantly during 4 years after a mumps infection. Overt diabetes was not observed in any of the cases. One year after a mumps infection 35% of children and 63% of adolescents/adults exhibited ICSA (control subjects = 5%; a serum was considered ICSA-positive if more than 25% of the intact rat islet cells showed distinct cell surface immunofluorescence). After 4 years the percentage of subjects with ICSA decreased significantly to 13% and 14%, resp. Only 21% of ICSA-positive sera were found to be cytotoxic on rat islet cells (51Cr-release assay). No relationship could be evaluated between complications resulting from a mumps infection and the appearance of ICSA. There was no correlation between ICSA, glucose tolerance, and insulin secretion. In fact, our prospective study did not reveal any relationship between a mumps infection and Type-I diabetes. ICSA would seem to be of no predictive value.
Published: 2009
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22. Age-Dependent Relationship of Fasting C-Peptide Concentration and Insulin Secretion in Non-Obese Subjects with Normal Glucose Tolerance

Author: D. Michaelis, Strese J, K.-D. Kohnert, D. Jahr, and Ratzmann Kp
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Age dependent, Biology, Islets of Langerhans, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Non obese, Internal medicine, Insulin Secretion, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Insulin, Child, Insulin secretion, Normal glucose tolerance, Glucose tolerance test, C-Peptide, medicine.diagnostic_test, urogenital system, C-peptide, Age Factors, Fasting, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Glucose, chemistry, Concomitant
Abstract: The age-dependent relationship of fasting immunomeasurable C-peptide to fasting immunomeasurable insulin (IRI) and IRI response to glucose was studied in 113 non-obese healthy subjects with normal glucose tolerance (oGTT according to the new WHO recommendations), ranging in age from 6 to 44 years. Fasting C-peptide concentration increased significantly in adolescents and adults when compared with children. The higher fasting C-peptide concentration in the adult group might be explained by the concomitant higher fasting blood glucose concentration whereas such relationship was lacking in adolescents. In contrast to this we failed to demonstrate such relationship with regard to fasting IRI levels. There was, however, a relationship between advancing age and early (IRI area 0-30 min), late (IRI area 30-120 min) and total (IRI area 0-120 min) insulin response to glucose. There was a significant correlation between fasting C-peptide concentration and estimates of IRI response in children and adolescents, whereas such relationship was lacking in adults. Based on these results, the present study demonstrates an age-related increase of the pancreatic beta-cell function which might be partly explained by the concomitant higher blood glucose concentration.
Published: 2009
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23. Persistence of Anti-Islet ADCC after Manifestation of Type-1 (Insulin-Dependent) Diabetes

Author: W. Besch, Erika Köhler, Ilona Rjasanowski, D. Michaelis, and S. Knospe
Subjects: Adult, Male, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Cellular immunity, Adolescent, endocrine system diseases, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Islets of Langerhans, Endocrinology, Immune system, Leucine, In vivo, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, C-Peptide, biology, business.industry, Insulin, Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity, General Medicine, Islet, In vitro, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, biology.protein, Female, Antibody, business
Abstract: ADCC (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) against xenogenic islets in vitro has frequently been found with mononuclear blood cells and heat inactivated autologous serum from newly diagnosed Type-1 diabetics. Anti-islet ADCC, as measured by enhanced 51Cr-release of islets after a 6h-incubation, leads to functional alteration of islets such as a decrease in insulin content and in leucine incorporation. In a follow-up investigation over at least three years it was demonstrated that anti-islet ADCC in vitro disappears, if there is no more C-peptide secretion in vivo. Furthermore, anti-islet ADCC has also not been found in long-term Type-1 diabetics who had no C-peptide secretion but an acutely stimulated immune system due to infectious diseases. An acute immunocytolytic process against pancreatic beta cells in vivo seems to be the precondition for anti-islet ADCC in vitro.
Published: 2009
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24. Autoantibodies against Insulin (IAA), C-peptide (CAA), and Glucagon (GAA) in New-Onset Type 1 Diabetic Patients*)

Author: H. Keilacker, Klaus-Dieter Kohnert, D. Michaelis, Ilona Rjasanowski, K.-P. Woltanski, Manfred Ziegler, and Ziegler B
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Peptide binding, Glucagon, Islets of Langerhans, chemistry.chemical_compound, Sex Factors, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, mental disorders, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Insulin, Pancreatic hormone, Autoantibodies, Type 1 diabetes, C-Peptide, business.industry, C-peptide, Body Weight, Age Factors, Autoantibody, nutritional and metabolic diseases, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, chemistry, Female, business
Abstract: Autoantibodies against insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon were determined by radio-binding assay in 63 new-onset Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients as well as in 70 controls. Plasma peptide binding was determined by means of 125I-labeled peptides and charcoal-dextran separation technique. Binding values exceeding the mean plus three standard deviations of the controls were considered as antibody-positive. Sixteen patients (25%) were positive for IAA, as 6 (10%) were positive for CAA and 2 (3%) for GAA. Of all control subjects, none were positive for either IAA or CAA, whereas 2 (2%) had GAA. The mean 125I-glucagon binding in the patients' group was, however, slightly enhanced and could be suppressed to normal values by excess unlabeled glucagon. The presence of IAA and/or CAA was significantly associated with more severe symptoms at diabetes manifestation. These results indicate that in new-onset Type 1 diabetics autoimmunity arises against all the insular peptides tested but is predominantly directed against those antigens secreted from the beta cells. Nevertheless, extremely low-binding GAA seem to be common in these patients. The determination of IAA/CAA might be useful in detecting a possible heterogeneity of Type 1 diabetes with regard to its clinical mode of manifestation.
Published: 2009
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25. The Frequency of Disturbances of Somatic Development in Young People with Type I Diabetes in Dependence on Duration and Age at Onset of the Disease*)

Author: D. Michaelis and Elke Gens
Subjects: Male, Proband, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Developmental Disabilities, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Physiology, Disease, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Child, Growth Disorders, Menstruation Disturbances, business.industry, Body Weight, Age Factors, Infant, Newborn, Infant, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Adipose Tissue, El Niño, Child, Preschool, Menarche, Type i diabetes, Female, Age of onset, business
Abstract: The height, weight and menarche of children and young people treated in the Children's Clinic as in-patients in 1987 was determined in dependence on the age at onset of diabetes and the duration of the disease, and the frequency of the disturbances of somatic development were shown. A growth retardation was registered in 1.8% only while the frequency of obesity amounted to 10%; 13.9% in female and 6.3% in male type I diabetics. However, the overall percentage of obesity in diabetics does not differ significantly from that in healthy subjects of corresponding age. With a higher age of onset, the frequency of adiposity increased significantly in both sexes; the highest frequency was shown by the girls who contracted the disease between the ages of 10 and 14. While the frequency of adiposity decreased significantly in male patients with increasing duration of diabetes, a non-significant increase was observed in female probands. There was no connection between adiposity and insulin dosage. The mean age for menarche in diabetic girls was determined at 13.4 years. The greatest, non-significant delay was experienced by those where onset of diabetes was between the ages of 5 and 9. The reason for this retardation is presumably the quality of the metabolism.
Published: 2009
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26. 5-Year Follow-up Study of C-Peptide Secretion in Newly Diagnosed Type I Diabetics: Relations to HLA- Phenotype, Insulin Requirement and Metabolic Control

Author: P. Heinke, Ilona Rjasanowski, K. V. Richter, W. Besch, H. Keilacker, and D. Michaelis
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Human leukocyte antigen, Glucagon, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, HLA Antigens, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, Humans, Insulin, Medicine, Secretion, Child, C-Peptide, C-peptide, business.industry, General Medicine, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Ketoacidosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Phenotype, chemistry, Child, Preschool, Metabolic control analysis, Female, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: 50 HLA-typed insulin-dependent diabetics were studied at the time of diabetes onset and after 1, 2, 3 and 5 years with regard to C-peptide secretion after combined stimulation with glucose and glucagon, insulin requirement and glycaemic control index. The mean decrease of the residual B-cell reserve was observed within two years. C-peptide secretion was correlated with better metabolic control and lower insulin requirement after more than one year of diabetes duration, but had no influence on this at the time of diabetes onset. The C-peptide response sometimes varied between non response and high response in one individual from one investigation to the next. There was no prognostic value of C-peptide secretion at diabetes onset for the further development of B-cell function. We found a significantly longer persistence of B-cell function in patients who were older and in those with mild symptoms at diabetes onset. The presence of HLA B8, DR3 antigens was correlated with severe ketoacidosis at manifestation and a more pronounced destruction of B-cell function.
Published: 2009
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27. The Higher Frequency of Type I (insulin-dependent) Diabetes in Fathers than in Mothers of Type I-Diabetic Children*)

Author: Ilona Rjasanowski, P. Heinke, D. Michaelis, and T. L. Kurajewa
Subjects: Adult, Male, Risk, endocrine system, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, endocrine system diseases, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Population, Mothers, Fathers, Endocrinology, Age groups, Risk Factors, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Child, education, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, Infant, nutritional and metabolic diseases, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, El Niño, Child, Preschool, Insulin dependent diabetes, Female, Lifetime risk, business
Abstract: In 868 insulin-treated diabetic children and adolescents with onset of IDDM under age 20 we investigated the frequency of IDDM and NIDDM in all first-degree relatives. On the basis of the National Diabetes Register of the GDR the age-corrected lifetime risk for the development of IDDM and NIDDM was calculated for the general population and for parents and siblings of diabetic children. The age-corrected risk for IDDM, but not for NIDDM, is statistically significantly higher in fathers (10.26 +/- 1.75%) than in mothers (5.28 +/- 1.49%) and is about equal in brothers (30.71 +/- 6.07%) and sisters (35.54 +/- 6.28%) of children with IDDM. Among general population the age-corrected life-time risk for IDDM is equal for males (4.35 +/- 0.02%) and females (4.91 +/- 0.02%), but is significantly higher for NIDDM in females (27.49 +/- 0.04% contrary to 24.07 +/- 0.05%). In comparison with the data of Tillil and Köbberling (1987) our lifetime risk estimates show a shifting of risk for IDDM and NIDDM into older age groups.
Published: 2009
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28. Evaluation and Implementation of the OGC Web Processing Service for Use in Client-Side GIS

Author: Christopher D. Michaelis and Daniel P. Ames
Subjects: Geospatial analysis, Geographic information system, Database, Computer science, business.industry, Geography, Planning and Development, Geoprocessing, Client-side, computer.software_genre, Asynchronous communication, Web Processing Service, Multimedia information systems, Web Coverage Service, business, computer, Information Systems
Abstract: The Open Geospatial Consortium Web Processing Service specification is intended as a solution for creating and distributing web-based functions. This paper seeks to evaluate the WPS specification with respect to feasibility and utility, to identify areas for improvement, and to provide a demonstration implementation approach including a client-side tool and a server-side wrapping technique for exposing geoprocessing functionality through WPS using an asynchronous approach. Challenges with the WPS specification, some of which are already being addressed in the newest WPS revisions, are discussed together with proposed solutions. Several potential enhancements to the WPS proposal are introduced and considered, including a mechanism to guide client applications in prompting for correct data and a means to list the data available on a server.
Published: 2008
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29. Dichromatic Cavity Solitons

Author: D. Michaelis, Falk Lederer, Christoph Etrich, and Ulf Peschel
Subjects: General Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Quadratic nonlinearity, General Physics and Astronomy, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Fundamental frequency, Parameter space, Pulse (physics), Planar, High transmission, Quantum mechanics, Domain (ring theory), Nonlinear Sciences::Pattern Formation and Solitons, Excitation, Mathematics
Abstract: We report the existence of mutually locked stable bright solitons in a planar cavitywith a quadratic nonlinearity driven at the fundamental frequency. It is shown that these solitonscan be considered as residuals of a hexagon pattern in a certain domain of parameter space of theplane wave solutions. Moreover, after excitation by a short pulse these solitons persist asindividual localized high transmission states.
Published: 1999
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30. Multistable Spatial Solitons in SemiconductorResonators

Author: Ulf Peschel, Falk Lederer, and D. Michaelis
Subjects: Condensed matter physics, business.industry, General Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, General Physics and Astronomy, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Renormalization, Nonlinear system, Resonator, Planar, Semiconductor, Optics, business, Saturation (magnetic), Mathematics
Abstract: Direct semiconductors, as e.g. AlGaAs, exhibit huge nonlinearities for photonenergies slightly below the fundamental band edge. We show that in this domain persistent brightsolitary waves can emerge in a planar resonator. Their existence could pave the way towards anhighly parallel all-optical information processing and storage scheme. The formation of solitarywaves is primarily due to saturation of a defocusing nonlinearity, diffusion and inducedabsorption. Saturation is evoked by prominent many-particle effects like screening and band fillingwhereas the induced absorption stems from the gap renormalization. It turns out that solitarywaves of different topology may exist for the same detuning, thus representing a kind ofmultistability.
Published: 1999
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31. Web Feature Service (WFS) and Web Map Service (WMS).

Author: Christopher D. Michaelis and Daniel P. Ames
Published: 2008
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32. Formation, motion, and decay of vectorial cavity solitons

Author: Christoph Etrich, Falk Lederer, Ulf Peschel, and D. Michaelis
Subjects: Physics, Classical mechanics, Frequency conversion, Quantum mechanics, Surface second harmonic generation, Motion (physics)
Published: 1998
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33. Short-term stability of patterns in intracavity vectorial second-harmonic generation

Author: Ulf Peschel, D. Michaelis, Falk Lederer, and Christoph Etrich
Subjects: Physics, Optics, Frequency conversion, Sum-frequency generation, business.industry, Short term stability, Second-harmonic generation, Nonlinear optics, business
Published: 1998
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34. Multistable localized structures and superlattices in semiconductor optical resonators

Author: D. Michaelis, Falk Lederer, and Ulf Peschel
Subjects: Physics, Transverse plane, Resonator, Lattice constant, Planar, Semiconductor, Condensed matter physics, business.industry, Superlattice, Optical field, business, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Multistability
Abstract: We report on the existence of various periodic transverse patterns and stable localized structures in the optical field of a planar resonator, which exhibits the defocusing saturable nonlinearity of a semiconductor near the band edge. We predict multistability of all feasible patterns as well as of the localized states. Being equal as well as different, stable localized states can organize as clusters or new kinds of periodic patterns (superlattices). The interaction of localized states via their oscillating tails allows the formation of patterns with the same basic units but with different lattice spacing.
Published: 1997
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35. Stimmfunktionelle Qualitätssicherung in der kurativen Mikrochirurgie der Larynxmalignome

Author: Eberhard Kruse, D. Michaelis, P. Zwirner, and E. Bender
Subjects: Larynx, medicine.medical_specialty, 021103 operations research, Glottis, business.industry, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, respiratory system, Audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Otorhinolaryngology, Epidermoid carcinoma, Vocal folds, medicine, Sphincter, Phonation, Supraglottis, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, business, Breathy voice
Abstract: According to Negus and Pressman the sphincter systems of the vocal folds and the ventricular folds form a respiratory "laryngeal double valve function". Correspondingly, we found a physiological phonation system of the glottis and a pathological-compensatory one of the supraglottis. They appear to be regulated through an automatic phonatory control system with the glottal phonatory function evidently acting as sensor level. In order to confirm this hypothesis, objective voice analyses with glottal-relevant parameters of 26 voice-rehabilitated patients after minimally invasive laser surgery of glottal carcinomas are presented and integrated into a "hoarseness diagram" with the coordinates roughness and breathiness. Using statistically deliminated acoustic dusters, our data show a qualitative hierarchy of different postoperative phonation mechanisms. They demonstrate the influence of the vibratory capacity of glottal and supraglottal structures on the quality of the vibratory closure. Both functional parameters evidently determine the resulting voice quality in the sense of our hypothesis.
Published: 1997
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36. Tomographic PIV measurements in a turbulent lifted jet flame

Author: D. Michaelis, J. Weinkauff, Andreas Dreizler, and Benjamin Böhm
Subjects: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Jet (fluid), Materials science, Turbulence, business.industry, Flow (psychology), Computational Mechanics, General Physics and Astronomy, Mechanics, Horizontal plane, Volumetric flow rate, Root mean square, Optics, Particle image velocimetry, Mechanics of Materials, Seeding, business
Abstract: Measurements of instantaneous volumetric flow fields are required for an improved understanding of turbulent flames. In non-reacting flows, tomographic particle image velocimetry (TPIV) is an established method for three-dimensional (3D) flow measurements. In flames, the reconstruction of the particles location becomes challenging due to a locally varying index of refraction causing beam-steering. This work presents TPIV measurements within a turbulent lifted non-premixed methane jet flame. Solid seeding particles were used to provide the 3D flow field in the vicinity of the flame base, including unburned and burned regions. Four cameras were arranged in a horizontal plane around the jet flame. Following an iterative volumetric self-calibration procedure, the remaining disparity caused by the flame was less than 0.2 pixels. Comparisons with conventional two-component PIV in terms of mean and rms values provided additional confidence in the TPIV measurements.
Published: 2013
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37. Akustische Stimmanalysen zur Dokumentation der Stimmrehabilitation nach laserchirurgischer Larynxkarzinomresektion

Author: E. Kruse, D. Michaelis, and P. Zwirner
Subjects: Gynecology, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, 0302 clinical medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, business.industry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Head and neck surgery, Medicine, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, business
Abstract: Patienten nach kurativer minimalinvasiver Laserresektion von Larynxkarzinomen (T1–T3) wurden im Rahmen eines von der Deutschen Krebshilfe geforderten Projekts einer intensiven konservativen Stimmrehabilitation unterzogen. Die Therapie erfolgte nach dem Konzept der funktionalen Stimmtherapie fur die Dauer von durchschnittlich 2 Monaten. Pra- und postrehabilitativ wurden die Stimmen der Patienten mit verschiedenen computergestutzten Messystemen analysiert: 1. dem „multidimensional voice program“ (Fa. Kay) und 2. einem eigenen Softwareprogramm, in dem ein neuer Stimmguteparameter integriert ist, der eine Jitter- und Shimmer-unabhangige Beschreibung des Gerauschanteils gestattet. Die Ergebnisse zeigten: 1. Die glottische Ersatzphonation erreichte in der Regel die besseren Analyseergebnisse als die supraglottische Ersatzphonation. 2. Nicht alle akustischen Parameter dokumentierten gleichermasen die Stimmverbesserung nach Stimmrehabilitation. Die Standardabweichung der Grundfrequenz zeigte als einziger Parameter eine signifikante posttherapeutische Verbesserung an. Als fur die Stimmanalyse geeignet erwies sich weiterhin der von uns neu eingefuhrte Stimmguteparameter. Dieser ist im Unterschied zu analogen Mesgrosen anderer Verfahren unabhangig von der exakten Periodizitat der Glottisanregung, und ermoglichte dadurch auch bei stark dysphonen oder aphonen Stimmen noch zuverlassige Aussagen.
Published: 1996
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38. Incidence of type 1 diabetes in childhood before and after the reunification of Germany--an analysis of epidemiological data, 1960-2006

Author: Andre Willasch, Klaus Dietz, P. Heinke, Stefan Ehehalt, D. Michaelis, and Andreas Neu
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Observation period, Models, Biological, Endocrinology, Child Development, Germany, Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Registries, Social Change, Child, Communism, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Infant, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Democracy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Observed Incidence, Child, Preschool, Female, Germany, East, Disease progress, business
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of rapidly changing environmental factors on the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). METHOD We compared the frequency of T1D in children before and after the reunification of Germany by means of the registries of the German Democratic Republic (GDR, 1960-1989) and of Baden-Wuerttemberg (BW, 1987-2006). The number of cases of diabetes onset in East Germany after the reunification was predicted by a mathematical model. The observed incidence rate in the Eastern part of Germany after the reunification was taken from the literature 1. RESULTS In Germany, the incidence rate of T1D in children aged 0-14 was 7.2/100 000/year (95%-CI 6.9-7.5, GDR, 1980-1987), and 10.4/100 000/year (95%-CI 9.5-11.4, BW, 1987-1994). For the whole observation period (1960-2006), the observed incidence rates y could be described by the square of a linear function [GDR: y=(1.86 + 0.040 * (year - 1960))²; r²=0.85; BW: y=(3.03 + 0.085 * (year - 1987))², r²=0.89]. The mean rise in incidence before the reunification was less than half the mean rise after the reunification (mean slope: BW 0.085, 95%-CI 0.080-0.090 vs. GDR 0.040, 95% CI 0.036-0.044). The observed incidence for East Germany after 1989 was higher than the prediction on the basis of the GDR -registry (GDR 12.3/100 000/year vs. Saxony 15.7/100 000/year, 95%-CI 14.2-17.3, n=412; 1999-2003). CONCLUSION We conclude that the basis for the disease progress is a genetic predisposition. Environmental factors may modify changes in incidence of type 1 diabetes but do not determine the overall risk.
Published: 2012

39. Development of a Data Management System for the Kuwait Oil Fire Atmospheric Measurement Program

Author: David B. Johnson, Julie Haggerty, Stephen P. Carley, and Amy D. Michaelis
Subjects: Metadata, Set (abstract data type), Atmospheric Science, Data processing, Documentation, Meteorology, business.industry, Data management, Information system, The Internet, business, Data science, Graphical user interface
Abstract: Following the onset of the Kuwait oil fires in early 1991, numerous efforts to monitor and estimate the environmental effects of the fires were initiated. These efforts produced a diverse set of atmospheric data from airborne, surface-based, and satellite platforms. Organizers of the experiments, including the World Meteorological Organization, quickly recognized the value of collecting all data into a central archive. This paper describes the development of that archive. Basic requirements for the archive were that it contain all pertinent datasets, including detailed documentation about each, and provide easy access to all interested researchers. The requirements were met by developing a database management system that contains a catalog of the data inventory and a facility to order specific datasets. A graphical user interface provides access to the database. In addition to the basic capability of searching the data inventory, the system has a number of other features, including a visual catalog of satellite images, a bibliography of relevant publications, and an extensive metadata collection describing the datasets. The system is accessible from the Internet or telephone/modem from a variety of terminal types, making it available to virtually anyone with a computer. Researchers from around the world have successfully used themore » system. 15 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.« less
Published: 1994
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40. Detection of autoantibodies to the 65-kD isoform of glutamate decarboxylase by radioimmunoassay

Author: Ludwig Mauch, Heinz Haubruck, D. Michaelis, Klaus-Peter Woltanski, Ilona Rjasanowski, Manfred Ziegler, K.-D. Kohnert, and Fred Lühder
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Glutamate decarboxylase, Radioimmunoassay, Sensitivity and Specificity, Autoimmune Diseases, Endocrinology, Risk Factors, Immunopathology, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, Risk factor, Child, Autoantibodies, Autoimmune disease, biology, Glutamate Decarboxylase, business.industry, Autoantibody, Reproducibility of Results, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Recombinant Proteins, Molecular Weight, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Child, Preschool, biology.protein, Female, Antibody, business
Abstract: Lühder F, Woltanski K-P, Mauch L, Haubruck H, Kohnert K-D, Rjasanowski I, Michaelis D, Ziegler M. Detection of autoantibodies to the 65-kD isoform of glutamate decarboxylase by radioimmunoassay. Eur J Endocrinol 1994:130:575–80. ISSN 0804–4643 Autoantibodies (AAb) to glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) occur with a high prevalence in sera of newly diagnosed type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to establish a GAD-AAb radioimmunoassay using 125I-labelled GAD65 and to evaluate this assay in a cross-sectional study with newly diagnosed type I diabetic patients (diabetes duration < 6 weeks). Furthermore, subjects at high risk of developing type I diabetes and individuals suffering from other autoimmune diseases were examined in this assay. For GAD-AAb detection, 125I-labelled GAD65 was incubated with 10 μl of human serum overnight on ice. Thirty of 51 (59%) type I diabetic patients but none of the 54 healthy blood donors tested were found to be positive. A displacement step using 100 000 g supernatant from rat brain containing or not containing GAD showed the specificity of the binding of 125I-GAD65. Concerning the individuals at high risk of developing diabetes, 9/12 (75%) islet cell antibody (ICA)-positive non-diabetic and 4/34 (12%) ICA-negative subjects with metabolic abnormalities were GAD-AAb positive. These results show the association between type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and the occurrence of GAD65-AAb, which possibly predicts a risk of developing the disease. F Lühder, Department of Immunochemistry, Institute of Diabetes "Gerhardt Katsch", Greifswalder Str. I la, D-17495 Karlsburg, Germany
Published: 1994
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41. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author: H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. Zucconl, Javier Muruzabal, R. R. Allen, R. Rivolta, K. Haugaard, A. Nespolo, K. Hoang-Xuang, G. Bussone, T. Avramidis, E. Corsini, Christiana Franke, T. Vinogradova, H. Boot, K. Vestergaard, G. H. Jansen, N. Argentino, M. Raltzig, W. Linssen, Mark B. Pepys, P. Roblot, L. Lauritzen, E. Fainardi, D. Morin, T. X. Arbizu Urdiain, J. Wollenhaupt, S. Bostantjopoulou, G. Pavesi, A. D. Forman, Giovanni Fabbrini, D. Jean, J. J. Archelos, M. I. Blanchs, M. Del Gobbo, Anna Carla Turconi, Ch. Derouesné, Elio Scarpini, A. Visbeck, P. Castejon, J. P. Renou, F. Mounier-Vehier, G. Potagas, Ch. Duyckaerts, A. Filla, R. Schneider, G. Ronen, K. Nagata, J. P. Vedel, A. Henneberg, G. van Melle, C. Baratti, H. Knott, M. C. Prevett, A. Bes, B. Metin, Jos V. Reempts, L. Martorell, Mefkure Eraksoy, H. O. Handwerker, D. S. Younger, O. Oktem, D. Frongillo, C. Soriano-Soriano, L. Niehaus, F. Zipp, A. Tartaro, S Newman, R. H. Browne, P. Davous, R. Sanchez, M. Muros, M. E. Kornhuber, A. Lavarone, M. Mohr, M. R. Garcia, S. Russell, H. Kellar-Wood, M. R. Tola, B. Ostermeyer, Ch. Tzekov, K. Sartor, E. B. Ringelstein, P. P. Gazzaniga, Paul Krack, H. Fidaner, H. Rico, T. Dbaiss, F. Alameda, E. Torchiana, L. Rumbach, I. Charques, J. M. Bogaard, C. D. Frith, L. J. Rappelle, R. Brenner, A. Joutel, K. Fuxe, G. HÄcker, M. J. Blaser, J. Valls-SolÇ, G. Ulm, M. Alberdi, A. Bock, F. W. Bertelsmann, U. Wieshmann, J. Visa, J. R. Lupski, D. D'Amico, L. M. P. Ramos, A. A. Vanderbark, R. Horn, M. Warmuth, Dietmar Kühne, Mark S. Palmer, C. Ehrenheim, E. Canga, S. Viola, O. Scarpino, P. Naldi, R. Almeida, A. A. Raymond, J. Gamez, Stephan Arnold, A. DiGiovanni, J. Dalmau, C. C. Chari, H. F. Beer, J. C. Koetsier, J. Iriarte, E. Yunis, J. Casadevall, E. Le Guern, E. Stenager, S. R. Benbadis, J. M. Warter, F. Burklin, I. Theodorou, L. Johannesen, G. A. Graveland, X. Leclerc, I. Vecchio, L. Ozelius, G. Nicoletti, R. K. Gherardi, E. Esperet, M. L. Delodovici, F. Cattin, F. Paiau, Giorgio Sacilotto, C. A. 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Valalentino, D. Guidetti, B. Buchwald, C. H. Lücking, D. Gauvreau, F. Pfaff, A. Ben Younes-Chennoufi, R. Kiefer, R. Massot, K. A. Hossmann, L. Werdelin, P. J. Baxter, U. Ziflo, S. Allaria, C. D. Marsden, M. Cabaret, S. P. Mueller, E. Calabrese, R. Colao, S. I. Bekkelund, M. Yilmaz, O. Oktem-Tanor, R. Gine, M. E. Scheulen, J. Beuuer, A. Melo, Z. Gulay, M. D. Have, C. Frith, D. Liberati, J. Gozlan, P. Rondot, Ch. Brunholzl, M. Pocchiari, J. Pena, L. Moiola, C. Salvadori, A. Cabello, T. Catarci, S. Webb, C. Dettmers, N. A. Gregson, Alexandra Durr, F. Iglesias, U. Knorr, L. Ferrini-Strambi, F. Kruggel, P. Allard, A. Coquerel, P. Genet, F. Vinuels, C. Oberwittler, A. Torbicki, P. Leffers, B. Renault, B. Fauser, C. Ciano, G. Uziel, J. M. Gibson, F. Anaya, C. Derouesné, C. N. Anagnostou, M. Kaido, W. Eickhoff, G. Talerico, M. L. Berthier, A. Capdevila, M. Alons, D. Rezek, E. Wondrusch, U. Kauerz, D. Mateo, M. A. Chornet, Holon, N. Pinsard, I. Doganer, E. Paoino, H. Strenge, C. Diaz, J. R. Brasic, W. Heide, I. Santilli, W. M. Korn, D. Selcuki, M. J. Barrett, D. Krieger, T. Leon, T. Houallah, M. Tournilhac, C. Nos, D. Chavot, F. Barbieri, F. J. Jimenez-Jimenez, J. Muruzabal, K. Poeck, A. Sennlaub, L. M. Iriarte, L. G. Lazzarino, C. Sanz, P. A. Fischer, S. D. Shorvon, R. Hoermann, F. Delecluse, M. Krams, O. Corabianu, F. H. Hochberg, Christopher J. Mathias, B. Debachy, C. M. Poser, L. Delodovici, A. Jimenez-Escrig, F. Baruzzi, F. Godenberg, D. Cucinotta, P. J. Garcia Ruiz, K. Maier-Hauff, P. R. Bar, R. Mezt, R. Jochens, S. Karakaneva, C. Roberti, E. Caballero, Joseph E. Parisi, M. Zamboni, T. Lacasa, B. Baklan, J. C. Gautier, J. A. Martinez-Matos, W. Pollmann, G. Thomas, L. Verze, E. Chleide, R. Alvarez Sala, I. Noel, E. Albuisson, O. Kastrup, S. I. Rapoport, H. J. Braune, H. Lörler, M. Le Merrer, A. Biraben, S. Soler, S. J. Taagholt, U. Meyding-Lamadé, K. Bleasdale-Barr, Isabella Moroni, Y. Campos, J. Matias-Guiu, G. Edan, M. G. Bousser, John B. Clark, J. Garcia de Yebenes, N. K. Olsen, P. Hitzenberger, S. Einius, Aj Thompson, Ch. J. Vecht, T. Crepin-Leblond, Klaus L. Leenders, A. Di Muzio, L. Georgieva, René Spiegel, K. Sabey, D. Ménégalli, J. Meulstee, U. Liszka, P. Giral, C. Sunol, J. M. Espadaler, A. D. Crockar, K. Varli, G. Giraud, P. J. Hülser, A. Benazzouz, A. Reggio, M. Salvatore, K. Genc, M. Kushnir, S. Barbieri, J. Ph. Azulay, M. Gianelli, N. Bathien, A. AlMemar, F. Hentati, I. Ragueneau, F. Chiarotti, R. C. F. Smits, A. K. Asbury, F. Lacruz, B. Muller, Alan J. Thompson, Gordon Smith, K. Schmidt, C. Daems Monpeun, Juergen Weber, A. Arboix, G. R. Fink, A. M. Cobo, M. Ait Kaci Ahmed, E. Gencheva, Israel-Biet, G. Schlaug, P. De Jonghe, Philip Scheltens, K. Toyka, P. Gonzalez-Porque, A. Cila, J. M. Fernandez, P. Augustin, J. Siclia, S. Medaglini, D. E. Ziogas, A. Feve, L. Kater, G. J. E. Rinkel, D. Leppert, Rüdiger J. Seitz, S. Ried, C. Turc-Carel, G. Smeyers, F. Godinho, M. Czygan, M. Rijntjes, E. Aversa, M. Frigo, Leif Østergaard, J. L. Munoz Blanco, A. Cruz-Matinez, J. De Reuck, C. Theillet, T. Barroso, V. Oikonen, Florence Lebert, M. Kilinc, C. Cordon-Cardon, G. Stoll, E. Thiery, F. Pulcinelli, J. Solski, M. Schmiegelow, L. J. Polman, P. Fernandez-Calle, C. Wikkelso, M. Ben Hamida, M. Laska, E. Kott, W. Sulkowski, C. Lucas, N. M. Bornstein, D. Schmitz, M. W. Lammers, A. de Louw, R. J. S. Wise, P. A. van Darn, C. Antozzi, P. Villanueva, P. H. E. Hilkens, C. Constantin, W. Ricart, A. Wolf, M. Gamba, P. Maguire, Alessandro Padovani, B. M. Patten, Marie Sarazin, H. Ackermann, L. Durelli, S. Timsit, Sebastian Jander, B. W. Scheithauer, G. Demir, J. P. Neau, P. Barbanti, A. Brand, N. AraÇ, V. Fischer-Gagnepain, R. Marchioli, G. Serratrice, C. Maugard-Louboutin, G. T. Spencer, D. Lücke, G. Mainardi, K. Harmant Van Rijckevorsel, G. B. Creel, R. Manzanares, Francesco Fortunato, A. May, J. Workman, K. Johkura, E. Fernandez, Carlo Colosimo, L. Calliauw, L. Bet, Félix F. Cruz-Sánchez, M. Dhib, H. Meinardi, F. Carrara, J. Kuehnen, C. Peiro, H. Lassmann, K. Skovgaard Olsen, A. McDonald, L. Sciulli, A. Cobo, A. Monticelli, B. Conrad, J. Bagunya, J. Benitez, V. Desnizza, B. Dupont, O. Delrieu, D. Moraes, J. J. Heimans, F. Garcia Rio, M. Matsumto, A. Fernandez, R. Nermni, R. Chalmers, M. J. Marchau, F. Aguado, P. Velupillai, P. J. Martin, P. Tassan, V. Demarin, A. Engelien, T. Gerriets, Comar, J. L. Carrasco, J. P. Pruvo, A. Lopez de Munain, D. Pavitt, J. Alarcon, Chris H. Polman, B. Guldin, N. Yeni, Hartmut Brückmann, N. Wilczak, H. Szwed, R. Causaran, G. Kyriazis, M. E. Westarp, M. Gasparini, N. Pecora, J. M. Roda, E. Lang, V. Scaioli, David R. Fish, D. Caputo, O. Gratzl, R. Mercelis, A. Perretti, G. Steimetz, I. Link, C. Rigoletto, A. Catafau, G. Lucotte, M. Buti, G. Fagiolari, A. Piqueras, C. Godinot, J. C. Meurice, Erodriguez J. Dominigo, F. Lionnet, H. Grzelec, David J. Brooks, P. M. G. Munro, F. X. Weilbach, M. Maiwald, W. Split, B. Widjaja-Cramer, V. Ozturk, J. Colas, E. Brizioli, J. Calleja, L. Publio, M. Desi, R. Soffietti, P. Cortinovis-Tourniaire, E. F. Gonano, G. Cavaletti, S. Uselli, K. Westerlind, H. Betuel, C. O. Dhiver, H. Guggenheim, M. Hamon, R. Fazio, P. Lehikoinen, A. Esser, B. Sadzot, G. Fink, Angelo Antonini, D. Bendahan, V. Di Carlo, G. Galardi, A. F. Boller, M. Aksenova, Del Fiore, V. de la Sayette, H. Chabriat, A. Nicoletti, A. Dilouya, M. L. Harpin, E. Rouillet, J. Stam, A. Wolters, M. R. Delgado, Eduardo Tolosa, G. Said, A. J. Lees, L. Rinaldi, A. Schulze-Bonhage, MA Ron, C. Lefebvre, E. W. Radü, R. Alvarez, M. L. Bots, P. Reganati, S. Palazzi, A. Poggi, N. J. Scolding, V. Sazdovitch, T. Moreau, E. Maes, M. A. Estelies, P. Petkova, Jose-Felix Marti-Masso, G De La Meilleure, N. Mullatti, M. Rodegher, N. C. Notermans, T. A. T. Warner, S. Aktan, J. P. Louboutin, L. Volpe, C. Scheidt, W. Aust, C. M. Wiles, U. Schneider, S. K. Braekken, W. R. Willems, K. Usuku, Peter M. Rothwell, C. Talamon, M. L. Sacchetti, A. Codina, M. H. Marion, A. Santoro, J. Roda, A. Bordoni, D. J. Taylor, S. Ertas, H. H. Emmen, J. Vichez, V. BesanÇon, R. E. Passingham, M. L. Malosio, A. Vérier, M. Bamberg, A. W. Hansen, E. Mostacero, G. Gaudriault, Marie Vidailhet, B. Birebent, K. Strijckmans, F. Giannini, T. Kammer, I. Araujo, J. Nowicki, E. Nikolov, A. Hutzelmann, R. Gherardi, J. Verroust, L. Austoni, A. Scheller, A. Vazquez, S. Matheron, H. Holthausen, J. M. Gerard, M. Bataillard, S. Dethy, V. H. Patterson, V. Ivanez, N. P. Hirsch, F. Ozer, M. Sutter, C. Jacomet, M. Mora, Bruno Colombo, A. Sarropoulos, T. H. Papapetropoulos, M. Schwarz, D. S. Dinner, N. Acarin, B. Iandolo, J. O. Riis, P. R. J. Barnes, F. Taroni, J. Kazenwadel, L. Torre, A. Lugaresi, I. L. Henriques, S. Pauli, S. Alfonso, Pedro Quesada, A. S. T. Planting, J. M. Castilla, Thomas Gasser, M. Van der Linden, A. Alfaro, E. Nobile-Orazio, G. Popova, W. Vaalburg, F. G. A. van der Mech, L. Williams, F. Medina, J. P. Vernant, J. Yaouanq, B. Storch-Hagenlocher, A. Potemkowski, R. Riva, M. H. Mahagne, M. Ozturk, Ve. Drory, N. Konic, C. Jungreis, A. Pou Serradell, J. L. Gauvrit, G. J. Chelune, S. Hermandez, T. Dingus, L. Hewer, Ch. Koch, M. N. Metz-Lutz, G. Parlato, M. Sinaki, Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny, H. C. Diener, J. Broeckx, J. Weill-Fulazza, M. L. Villar, M. Rizzo, O. Ganslandt, C. Duran, N. A. Fletcher, G. Di Giovacchino, Susan T. Iannaccone, C. Kolig, N. Fabre, H. A. Crockard, Rita Bella, M. Tazir, E. Papagiannuli, K. Overgaard, Emma Ciafaloni, I. Lorenzetti, F. Viader, P. A. H. Millac, I. Montiel, L. H. Visser, M. Palomar, P. L. Murgia, H. Pedersen, Rafael Blesa, S. Seddigh, W. O. Renier, I. Lemahieu, H. M. L. Jansen, L. Rosin, J. Galofre, K. Mattos, M. Pondal, G. M. Hadjigeorgiou, D. Francis, L. Cantin, D. Stegeman, M. Rango, A. B. M. F. Karim, S. Schraff, B. Castellotti, I. Iriarte, E. Laborde, T. J. Tjan, R. Mutani, D. Toni, B. Bergaasco, J. G. Young, C. Klotzsch, A. Zincone, X. Ducrocq, M. Uchuya, O. J. Kolar, A. Quattrone, T. Bauermann, Nereo Bresolin, J. Vallée, B. C. Jacobs, A. Campos, Werner Poewe, J. A. Villanueva, A. W. Kornhuber, A. Malafosse, E. Diez-Tejedor, G. Jungreia, M. J. A. Puchner, A. Komiyama, O. Saribas, V. Volpini, L. Geremia, S. Bressi, A. Nibbio, Timothy E. Bates, T. z. Tzonev, E. Ideman, G. A. Damlacik, G. Martino, G. Crepaldi, T. Martino, Kjell Någren, E. Idiman, D. Samuel, J. M. Perez Trullen, Y. van der Graaf, J. O. Thorell, M. J. M. Dupuis, E. Sieber, R. D'Alessandro, C. Cazzaniga, J. Faiss, A. Tanguy, A. Schick, I. Hoksergen, A. Cardozo, R. Shakarishvili, G. K. Wennlng, J. L. Marti-Vilalta, J. Weissenbach, I. L. Simone, Amalia C. Bruni, Darius J. Adams, C. Weiller, A. Pietrangeli, F. Croria, C. Vigo-Pelfrey, Patricia Limousin, A. Ducros, G. Conti, O. Lindvall, E. Richter, M. Zuffi, A. Nappo, T. Riise, J. Wijdenes, M. J. Fernandez, J. Rosell, P. Vermersh, S. Servidei, M. S. C. Verdugo, F. Gouttiere, W. Solbach, M. Malbezin, I. S. Watanabe, A. Tumac, W. I. McDonald, D. A. Butterfield, P. P. Costa, F. deRino, F. Bamonti, J. M. Cesar, C. H. Lahoz, I. Mosely, M. Starck, M. H. Lemaitre, K. M. Stephan, S. Tex, R. Bokonjic, I. Mollee, L. Pastena, M. Gutierrez, F. Boiler, M. C. Martinez-Para, M. Velicogna, O. Obuz, A. Grinspan, M. Guarino, L. M. Cartier, E. Ruiz, D. Gambi, S. Messina, M. Villa, Michael G. Hanna, J. Valk, Leone Pascual, M. Clanet, Z. Argov, B. Ryniewicz, E. Magni, B. Berlanga, K. S. Wong, C. Gellera, C. Prevost, F. Gonzalez-Huix, R. Petraroli, J. E. G. Benedikz, I. Kojder, C. Bommelaer, L. Perusse, M. R. Bangioanni, Guy M. McKhann, A. Molina, C. Fresquet, E. Sindern, Florence Pasquier, M. J. Rosas, M. Altieri, O. Simoncini, M. Koutroumanidis, C. A. F. Tulleken, M. Dary-Auriol, S. Oueslati, H. Kruyer, I. Nishisho, C. R. Horning, A. Vital, G. V. Czettritz, J. Ph. Neau, B. Mihout, A. Ameri, M. Francis, S. Quasthoff, D. Taussig, S. Blunt, P. Valentin, C. Y. Gao, O. Heinzlef, H. d'Allens, C. Coudero, M. Erfas, G. Borghero, P. J. Modrego Pardo, M. C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg
Subjects: Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published: 1994
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42. Häufigkeit des Typ-1-Diabetes im Kindes- und Jugendalter vor und nach der Wende – Ergebnisse aus dem DDR- und dem Baden-Württemberger Diabetesinzidenzregister

Author: Klaus Dietz, D. Michaelis, Stefan Ehehalt, Andreas Neu, and P. Heinke
Subjects: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Published: 2010
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43. Human myoblasts as antigen-presenting cells

Author: N Goebels, D Michaelis, H Wekerle, and R Hohlfeld
Subjects: Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Abstract: Human myoblasts, cultured from muscle and purified to greater than 95%, were investigated for their capacity to act as facultative APC. The myoblasts reacted with antidesmin mAb and had the capacity to fuse into multinucleated myotubes in appropriate medium. The expression of HLA class I, HLA-DR, HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1/CD54), lymphocyte function-associated (LFA) molecules LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), LFA-2 (CD2), and LFA-3 (CD58) was investigated by FACS analysis before and after induction for various times with human rIFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, or both. Without cytokine induction, myoblasts expressed only HLA-class I and LFA-3. IFN-gamma alone or in combination with TNF-alpha induced the expression of HLA-DR and ICAM-1 reaching a plateau after 48 h, followed by HLA-DP and even later HLA-DQ. TNF-alpha alone induced only ICAM-1. The functional capacity of myoblasts to present Ag to CD4+ T cells was investigated using autologous T cell lines specific for tuberculin, tetanus toxoid, and human myelin basic protein. Noninduced myoblasts or myoblasts treated with TNF-alpha alone could not present any of these Ag to the T cells. However, myoblasts treated with IFN-gamma induced Ag-specific proliferation. In the presence of relevant Ag, myoblasts were killed by the T cells as observed by microscopy and measured by 51Cr release. Ag-specific T cell proliferation and myoblast killing was inhibited in the presence of anti-DR mAb. These results suggest that human myoblasts may act as facultative APC during local immune reactions in muscle.
Published: 1992
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44. Large-scale application of binary subwavelength structures

Author: M. Erdmann, Andreas Tünnermann, Thomas Kämpfe, U. D. Zeitner, D. Michaelis, E.-B. Kley, and Wiebke Freese
Subjects: Diffraction, Materials science, Fabrication, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Binary number, Optical polarization, Optical refraction, Polarization (waves), Computer-generated holography, Optical reflection, Optics, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract: We report on the design, fabrication and characterization of large-scale diffractive elements with high diffraction efficiencies, tailored polarization behaviour and small wave-front errors using special binary subwavelength structures.
Published: 2009
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45. Contents, Vol. 95, 1991

Author: Masayuki Ando, B.H. Davies, B. Björkstén, Joel M. Bernstein, Manel Jordana, John Savala, K. Katamura, Lars Häggblom, Bjørn Haneberg, D. Michaelis, Shukuro Araki, G. Kunkel, Erika Schläpfer, John S. Abrams, Laurie Churchill, Anna Pawlowicz, Chaoyuan Chen, J.H. Skerritt, S. Ahlstedt, David Nadal, I. Penttila, K. Dierks, J.M. Devery, Carlo Vancheri, Staffan Jansson, L.K. Poulsen, K. Ishizaka, N.R. Kitteringham, R. Wahl, Theoharis C. Theoharides, J.K. Kleine-Tebbe, Curt Reynolds, Jack Gauldie, Takashi Tsuda, Svein Kolmannskog, David Proud, Takayuki Ohtoshi, Masaru Yoshinaga, M.P. Borres, V. Bender, G. Varnai, Boris Albini, Katerina Marathias, Robert M. Naclerio, Jerry Dolovich, Mona Lambracht-Hall, Dag Hvidsten, K. Neftel, B.K. Park, Jacqueline A. Pongracic, S. Knospe, W.R. Williams, E. Köhler, H. Wanka, W. Förster, J.B. Clarke, Pearay L. Ogra, Lars-Olof Mentzing, Naoki Saita, and Judah A. Denburg
Subjects: business.industry, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, General Medicine, business
Published: 1991
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46. Dissipative Solitons in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

Author: D. Michaelis, George I. Stegeman, Falk Lederer, Christoph Lange, and Erdem A. Ultanir
Subjects: Physics, Optical amplifier, Nonlinear Sciences::Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems, Semiconductor, business.industry, Quantum mechanics, Quantum electrodynamics, Dissipative system, Soliton (optics), business, Nonlinear Sciences::Pattern Formation and Solitons, Noise (electronics)
Abstract: We present recent experimental and numerical results for dissipative propagating spatial solitons in periodically-patterned semiconductor optical ampli- fiers (SOAs). These devices are designed to suppress the destabilization of solitons due to the amplification of noise in the soliton tails in uniformly-pumped SOAs. We briefly describe the fabrication of these devices. The zero-parameter and non-local characteristics of the solitons are studied experimentally and compared with simu- lations. We have also investigated soliton interactions, accounting for the effects of non-locality and zero-parameter properties.
Published: 2008
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47. Dynamics of Dissipative Temporal Solitons

Author: Ulf Peschel, D. Michaelis, G. Onishchukov, Falk Lederer, and Z. Bakonyi
Subjects: Physics, Classical mechanics, Quantum mechanics, Dynamics (mechanics), Dissipative system
Published: 2008
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48. Antibodies to Proinsulin and Insulin as Predictive Markers of Type 1 Diabetes

Author: Hubert Kolb, B. Kuglin, D. Michaelis, J. Bertrams, I. Rjasanowski, and F. A. Gries
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Insulin Antibodies, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Prohormone, Antibodies, Prediabetic State, Islets of Langerhans, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Pancreatic hormone, Autoantibodies, Proinsulin, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Insulin, Autoantibody, HLA-DR Antigens, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Immunoglobulin G, Female, business, Biomarkers, medicine.drug
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to test whether proinsulin autoantibodies (IgG-PAA), insulin autoantibodies (IgG-IAA), and islet cell antibodies (ICA) may be used to identify subjects at risk for Type 1 diabetes. Pre-diabetic sera from 18 individuals who later developed diabetes were tested. Results were compared with 18 age-, sex-, and HLA-DR-matched non-diabetic control subjects from families with Type 1 diabetes. At a mean of 2.4 yr before the onset of diabetes, ICA were found in 13 patients (vs 0 control subjects, p less than 0.001), ELISA-determined IgG-IAA in 8 patients (vs 1 control subject, p less than 0.05) and ELISA-determined IgG-PAA in 4 patients (vs 2 control subjects, NS). ELISA-determined IgG-PAA do not appear to be useful predictors of the future development of Type 1 diabetes.
Published: 1990
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49. From resting to moving localized structures due to symmetry breaking

Author: Falk Lederer, Ulf Peschel, Dmitry V. Skryabin, William J. Firth, and D. Michaelis
Subjects: Physics, Nonlinear system, Quantum mechanics, Dissipative system, Physics::Optics, Second-harmonic generation, Surface second harmonic generation, Symmetry breaking, Polarization (waves), Internal mode, Bifurcation
Abstract: Summary form only given. Polarization fronts in intracavity second harmonic generation (SHG) are a representative example for localized structures or cavity solitons in dissipative systems. We use this particular example to demonstrate that nonlinear structures may destabilize due to symmetry breaking where a linear internal mode passes the translational mode. As a result a resting symmetric structure may transform into a moving asymmetric one. In the mean-field limit type II intracavity SHG is observed.
Published: 2005
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50. Formation of patterns in intra-cavity vectorial second harmonic generation

Author: D. Michaelis, Ulf Peschel, Falk Lederer, and Christoph Etrich
Subjects: Diffraction, Physics, Kerr effect, Optics, Frequency conversion, business.industry, Second-harmonic generation, High harmonic generation, Surface second harmonic generation, Polarization (waves), business, Bifurcation
Published: 2005
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