Search

A festuca é uma gramínea perene, precoce, produz forragem cedo, no outono, por não apresentar mecanismo de dormência no verão. O azevém uma planta anual de inverno, é uma espécie rústica e vigorosa. No caso da aveia preta é uma gramínea de inverno, espécie rústica. O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar a possiblidade da seletividade entre os herbicidas em cada uma das espécies de interesse, a festuca, o azevém e a aveia. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, campus Dois Vizinhos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, bifatorial, os tratamentos foram compostos pelas quatro espécies de interesse e quatro herbicidas: Mannejo, Tricea, 2,4-D, Gamit e contendo quatro repetições mais as testemunhas, totalizando cinco tratamentos. Desta forma verificou-se que houve interação entre herbicidas e as forrageiras de inverno. O tratamento com herbicida Tricea não ocorreu o controle das gramíneas. Os tratamentos com os herbicidas Mannejo e 2,4D como previsto não gerou danos significativos. E os tratamentos com o herbicida Gamit mostrou-se seguro para uso nestas forrageiras. Concluindo que o objetivo do experimento foi alcançado uma vez que houve a seletividade do herbicida Clomazone (Gamit).

ELECTROSPINNING APPLIED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADSORBENT NANOFIBERS AIMING AT IMPROVING SOLID PHASE (MICRO)EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES. The limitations and challenges associated with the complex analyte-matrixinterfering interactions make the development of new sorbent materials an attractive line in several research areas, ranging from the synthesis and characterization to the application of these materials. Among the different strategies for manufacturing sorbent nanomaterials, the electrospinning of nanofibers based on polymeric solutions incorporated into Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) and Nanoparticles (NPs) have represented in recent years, one of the methods more versatile and promising with regard to obtaining materials with large surface area and potential for functionalization and chemical modification. In this sense, the objective of this contribution is to highlight recent work aimed at the synthesis of electrospun nanofibers applied in adsorption and sample preparation processes, highlighting the synthetic nanofiber strategies based on MOFs, MIPs and NPs and the main challenges and perspectives of the applications, although little explored, of these materials in solid phase extraction and microextraction techniques.

Obesity is a non-communicable chronic disease which carries a high cost for the Brazilian Unified Health System. Standardized protocols can help primary health care (PHC) professionals manage the disease.To describe the validation process of a protocol concerning dietary guidelines for adults with obesity in PHC by non-nutrition professionals.A validation study of a dietary advice protocol consisting of 6 recommendations was conducted according to Brazilian Dietary Guidelines. The topics incorporated into the recommendations were submitted to a panel of judges for content validity and achieved a Scale Content Validity Index (S-CVI) score0.80. Subsequently, an online workshop was held and consisted of guiding questions to adequately improve current protocols. Face validity was assessed in a mediation workshop conducted with PHC non-nutrition professionals. Following the validation process, necessary adjustments were made to the eating protocol.The validation process was conducted by a panel of 20 judges and 10 PHC professionals. The content was validated using a 0.98 S-CVI. The online workshop expert panel agreed the instrument provides a trustworthy foundation for appropriate dietary guidelines. Moreover, the judges suggested changes to the flowchart designed to support the professionals' decisions, discussed the absence of quantitative prescription guidelines, and offered additional suggestions to strengthen equity and encourage autonomy in non-nutrition healthcare professionals in PHC.This study describes the validation process of a dietary advice protocol for people with obesity, as well as the importance of its integration into PHC.Obesity is a public health problem that generates high costs for the Brazilian Unified Health System. Dietary guidelines are essential for the care of people suffering from obesity in primary health care (PHC) and should be implemented by all health professionals. However, the absence of protocols based on the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines to support dietary advice constitutes a gap that can prevent the active participation of professionals without training in the field of nutrition. Thus, the objective of this study is to describe the validation process of a protocol for dietary advice for adults with obesity for non-nutrition professionals working in PHC. Researchers and practitioners participated in panels as judges and evaluated the initial text of the protocol, suggesting changes when necessary. Notes on the clarity of the text were also provided. After the requested adjustments, the protocol was validated and made available by the Brazilian Ministry of Health to PHC professionals.

This work reports the construction of a novel nanostructured immunosensor for detection of the troponin I biomarker (cTnI). Anti-troponin I antibody was anchored on the modified graphite electrode with reduced graphene oxide and polytyramine for detection of troponin I in serum samples. The performance of the electro-immunosensor was evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry. The immunosensor presented a wide work range, from 4 ng mL

In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the predictive power of perfectionism on 413 Brazilian athletes’ perceptions of team cohesion and conflict. Participants responded to the Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-2, the Youth Sport Environment Questionnaire, and the Group Conflict Questionnaire. In data analysis, we used Pearson correlations, multiple regression, latent profile analysis (LPA), and multiple analysis of variance. Regression analysis revealed that perfectionistic standards were positively associated with both task and social cohesion ( p < .01), while doubts about action were negatively associated with task cohesion ( p < .01). Furthermore, concern over mistakes, parental pressure, and doubts about action were positively associated with social conflict ( p < .01), and concern over mistakes was positively associated with task conflict ( p < .01). LPA revealed two profiles of perfectionism that we termed perfectionistic concerns and perfectionistic striving. Perfectionistic striving was positively correlated with social cohesion ( p < .001), and perfectionistic concerns were positively correlated with both task conflict ( p < .001) and social conflict ( p < .001).

Comparing simulation and experiments we study how the performance of a hybrid optomechanical crystal is affected by the crystallographic orientation of silicon. We identify the emergence of interface modes as the main mechanism responsible for this dependency.

In this work, we developed a method for design optimization to maximize the cooperativity of a diamond-based nanobeam. Our optimized cavity is sideband-resolved and can reach the high-cooperativity regime with only 40 intracavity photons.

In this work, we study a diamond nanobeam design in which two nearly-degenerated mechanical modes are coupled to a single optical mode in a high-cooperativity regime. Both modes’ resilience was tested against fabrication defects.

The current study evaluated growth performance and digestion responses of finishing bulls fed diets containing 825 g/kg flint maize [dry matter (DM) basis] ground to medium (1.66 mm; MG) or coarse particle sizes (2.12 mm; CG), with added monensin (26 mg/kg; DM basis; MON) or a blend of essential oils (BEO) + exogenousα-amylase (AM; 90 mg/kg + 560 mg/kg commercial product, respectively, DM basis). In Expt 1, 256 Nellore bulls were blocked by initial body weight (BW) (360 ± 11.7 kg) and assigned to 48 pens in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Effect of a maize particle size × feed additive interaction was not detected for final BW, DM intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency. The DMI was greater for bulls fed BEO + AMv.MON. Final BW and ADG tended to be greater for bulls fed CG than MG maize. An interaction was detected for hot carcass weight which was 11 kg heavier for bulls fed BEO + AMv.MON in diets containing CG, but not MG particle size. In Expt 2, four ruminally cannulated Nellore steers were offered the same treatments as Expt 1, in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design. Intake of most nutrients was greater for steers fed CG than steers fed MG maize. In summary, feeding bulls CG maize increased growth performance and carcass characteristics compared with MG. The combination of BEO + AM resulted in heavier carcass weights compared with MON supplementation when included in diets containing CG maize.

We demonstrate a soft-failure localization framework using SDN-based network-wide telemetry. Soft failures are generated in a small-scale laboratory environment and collected in an SDN architecture. Failure localization is accomplished by ML algorithms.

This paper presents an evaluation of the influence of aircraft configuration on the boarding and deboarding times using a simplified model and computer simulation. Boarding and deboarding times are important to airlines since both procedures are part of the critical path of the turnaround time (TAT) of aircraft in airports. During the TAT, a series of activities are performed in the aircraft in order to prepare it for the next flight. A reduction in boarding and deboarding times may represent a reduction in TAT for airlines. For the comparisons, three aircraft configurations are used: single aisle 3 × 3 (“six abreast”), single aisle 3 × 2 (“five abreast”), and single aisle 2 × 2 (“four abreast”), all with the same number of passengers. For the boarding analyses, two boarding procedures are used: random and random outside-in. The 2 × 2 aircraft interior configuration holds the shortest boarding times; deboarding times are similar for the three configurations. Also, a sensitivity analysis is carried out, and the results show that the higher the aircraft occupancy and the number of passengers with carry-on baggage, the higher are boarding and deboarding times, with the 2 × 2 having the lowest times in comparison with the other two configurations.

Background: Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that olfactory stimulation modulates limbic seizures, either blocking or inducing ictal activity. Objective: We aim to evaluate the behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEGraphic) effects of dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT) olfactory exposure on limbic seizures induced by amygdala rapid kindling (ARK). Materials and Methods: Wistar male rats (280-300 g) underwent stereotaxic surgery for electrode implantation in piriform cortex (PC), hippocampal formation (HIP), and amygdaloid complex (AMYG). Part of the animals was exposed to a saturated chamber with water or TMT, while others had ARK and olfactory exposure prior to the 21st stimulus. Behavioral responses were measured by traditional seizure severity scales (Racine and Pinel and Rovner) and/or by sequential analysis/neuroethology. The electrographic activity of epileptogenic limbic networks was quantified by the occurrence of the first and second EEG afterdischarges, comparing the 1st and 21st stimulus. The spectral analysis [Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)] of the first afterdischarge was performed at the 21st stimulus. Results: TMT olfactory exposure reduced the seizure severity in kindled rats, altering the displayed behavioral sequence. Moreover, TMT decreased the occurrence of first and second afterdischarges, at the 21st stimulus, and altered the spectral features. Conclusions: Both behavioral and EEGraphic evaluations indicated that TMT, a potent molecule with strong biological relevance, in fact, "predator odor," suppressed the epileptiform activity in limbic networks.

Herbicides are a key element in agriculture but they do cause environmental problems and natural alternatives are being sought. In this context, invasive plants could provide an as yet unexplored source for the development of future herbicides.

Key Points Question What are the efficacy and safety associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs standard therapies in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)? Findings In a meta-analysis of 3 randomized clinical trials totaling 1657 patients, ICIs were associated with significantly improved overall survival, progression-free survival, and overall response rate compared with standard therapies. In addition, the rate of grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events was lower with ICIs than with sorafenib. Meaning These findings suggest that ICIs should be the new standard of care in systemic therapy of unresectable HCC., This meta-analysis assesses the overall treatment outcome associated with ICIs compared with standard therapies in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma., Importance Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have yielded conflicting results in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The overall effect of ICIs compared with standard therapies in unresectable HCC requires more research. Objective To estimate the efficacy and safety associated with ICIs compared with standard therapies in patients with unresectable HCC. Data Sources PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, and American Society of Clinical Oncology and European Society of Medical Oncology meeting proceedings were systematically searched. Reference lists from studies selected by electronic searching were manually searched to identify additional relevant studies. The search included literature published or presented from February 2010 to February 2020. Study Selection From December 2019 to February 2020, independent reviewers evaluated each database, scanning the title, abstract, and keywords of every record retrieved. Full articles were further assessed if the information given suggested that the study was a randomized clinical trial (RCT) comparing ICIs vs standard therapies in the treatment of unresectable HCC. Data Extraction and Synthesis The full text of the resulting studies and extracted data were reviewed independently according to PRISMA guidelines. Summary hazard ratios (HRs) of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated by a random-effects model. The likelihood of ICIs being associated with overall response rate (ORR) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) was expressed by odds ratios (ORs) using a random-effects model. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were OS, PFS, ORR, and TRAEs. Results Of 1836 studies yielded by the search, 3 were retained, totaling 1657 patients (985 treated with ICIs vs 672 receiving standard treatment). Two studies evaluated ICIs as monotherapy, and 1 study investigated the combination of ICIs with bevacizumab. Compared with standard therapies (sorafenib in first-line therapy or placebo in second-line therapy), ICIs were associated with significantly improved OS (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.62-0.92; P = .006), PFS (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56-0.97; P = .03), and ORR (OR, 2.82; 95% CI 2.02-3.93; P

The effect of palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha) was evaluated on the growth of five tree species from the Atlantic Forest biome in Seropédica, RJ, Brasil. This study consisted of five experiments in a completely randomized design. The effect of grass on the growth of Cedrela fissilis, Guazuma ulmifolia, Schinus terebinthifolius, Sapindus saponaria, and Hymenaea courbaril was tested in pots at each experiment. Height, collar diameter, and plant mortality were measured monthly. Shoot and root dry matter of tree species and grass were evaluated at 180 days. A strong interference of palisade grass was observed on the growth of the five studied species. The reduction of growth in height and collar diameter reached 32 and 29% in S. saponaria and 26 and 44% in G. ulmifolia, respectively. Grass interference was even higher on dry matter accumulation, promoting reductions in the shoot that ranged from 48% in H. courbaril to 90% in G. ulmifolia and S. terebinthifolius. Root dry matter of tree species was reduced between 28 and 84% in relation to the control without the presence of grass. The species C. fissilis had a mortality rate of 83% in coexistence with U. brizantha. The other species, except S. saponaria, presented mortality from 15 to 30% under competition. This study evidences the importance of controlling grasses in reforestation projects aiming higher gains in growth and survival of tree species. RESUMO: Avaliou-se neste trabalho o efeito da presença do capim-braquiarão (Urochloa brizantha) sobre o crescimento de cinco espécies arbóreas do bioma Mata Atlântica, em Seropédica-RJ. O estudo abrangeu cinco experimentos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Em cada experimento, testou-se em vasos o efeito da gramínea sobre o crescimento das espécies Cedrela fissilis, Guazuma ulmifolia, Schinus terebinthifolius, Sapindus saponaria e Hymenaea courbaril. Foram medidos mensalmente a altura, o diâmetro do coleto e a mortalidade das plantas. Aos 180 dias, avaliou-se também a massa seca de parte aérea e radicular das espécies arbóreas e da gramínea. Houve forte interferência do capim-braquiarão sobre o crescimento das cinco espécies estudadas. A redução de crescimento em altura e diâmetro do coleto chegou, respectivamente, a 32% e 29% em S. saponaria e a 26% e 44% em G. ulmifolia. A interferência da gramínea foi ainda maior sobre o acúmulo de massa seca, promovendo reduções na parte aérea que variaram de 48% em H. courbaril a 90% em G. ulmifolia e em S. terebinthifolius. A massa seca de raízes das espécies arbóreas reduziu entre 28% e 84% em relação ao controle sem a presença da gramínea. C. fissilis apresentou taxa de mortalidade de 83%, quando em convivência com U. brizantha. As demais espécies, à exceção de S. saponaria, também apresentaram mortalidade quando sob competição, variando de 15% a 30%. Este estudo evidencia a importância do controle de gramíneas em projetos de reflorestamento visando maiores ganhos em crescimento e sobrevivência das espécies arbóreas.

New therapeutic approaches are necessary to control strongyloidiasis due to the side effects of, and resistance to, currently available drugs thiabendazole, albendazole, and ivermectin. This study examined the anthelmintic properties of extracts and isolated compounds from Siparuna guianensis against Strongyloides venezuelensis eggs and larvae, using the egg hatching test (EHT) and larval motility test (LMT). Albendazole (0.025 mg/ml) and ivermectin (0.316 mg/ml) were used as the positive controls for the EHT and LMT assays, respectively. Strongyloides venezuelensis eggs or larvae (±50 specimens) were treated with ethanol extract (0.05-1.0 mg/ml), ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions (0.05-0.8 mg/ml), essential oil (0.2-1.0 mg/ml) and α-bisabolol (0.2-1.0 mg/ml) from S. guianensis, and analysed by optical microscopy after 48 h (EHT), or after 24, 48 and 72 h (LMT). All the tested compounds exhibited ovicidal activity equivalent to the positive control and changed the morphology of the eggs. The S. guianensis ethanol extract and aqueous fraction were as effective as the positive control. Phytochemical analysis of the ethanol extract and fractions revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins and flavonoids. Therefore, S. guianensis is effective against S. venezuelensis eggs and larvae in vitro, and can be considered as a potential alternative treatment for strongyloidiasis.

This work aims was to correlate the changes in the optical attenuation coefficients obtained through the OCT technique with the values obtained in Knoop sectional microhardness tests over time in dental human enamel samples irradiated with the Nd: YAG laser and Acid Phosphate Fluoride (APF), aiming the prevention of caries lesions in vitro. After Ethical Committee approval, 160 enamel samples, obtained from 40 human tooth molars, were divided into 4 groups: Control group (where no treatment was performed); Fluoride group (APF - fluoride phosphate acidulated for 4 minutes); Fluoride-Laser group: APF followed by irradiation with Nd:YAG laser (DE = 84.9 J/cm2, contact mode, with the use of carbon paste as photoabsorver); Laser-fluoride group (irradiation with Nd:YAG laser followed by APF). The samples of all groups were subjected to pH cycling during 20 days. On days 5, 10, 15 and 20, 10 samples from each group were removed from the cycling for the Knoop sectional microhardness test. Two samples of each group, at each time, were randomly selected for the analysis with FTIR-ATR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy associated with attenuated total reflection technique). The analysis by ATR-FTIR showed changes in the chemical composition of the samples of the irradiated groups in relation to Control and Fluoride group. There was correlation between the values of sectional microhardness tests and the measured optical attenuation coefficient by OCT in irradiated dental enamel, showing that the association between fluoride application and Nd:YAG laser irradiation is an important tool for the prevention of tooth enamel demineralization.

Continuous settlers are present in the treatment of effluents and domestic water. They have low operational and maintenance cost; however, they can reach high separation efficiency. In this work, the fluid dynamic characteristics of the settler in bench scale, with no-concentric axial inlet in the feedwell were precisely evaluated, using both experimental and numeric approach. The velocity fields were experimentally obtained by PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry). Numerically, the three-dimensional flow was studied using the ANSYS CFX package. For more adequate representation of velocities, the RNG κ-e, SST κ-ω, and BSL-RSM turbulence models were analyzed. After the validation of fluid dynamics, it was possible to perform multiphase simulations, analyzing the efficiency of solid particles removal. The Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase model was applied, along with the particle interfacial transfer model. The profiles of axial U and radial V velocity components allowed observing that the BSL-RSM model showed consistent results when compared to the experimental data. In relation to the separation efficiency, smaller particles (10 μm) were verified to tend to be more evenly distributed in the settler, while larger particles are quickly deposited on the bottom. From the diameter of 100 μm, there was no difference between the separation efficiency values obtained.

Chemical application is a viable and popular method for weed control, but the effectiveness of various herbicides depends on the target weed. The objectives of this study were to determine the appropriate herbicide for three tall fescue varieties that either do or do not contain endophytic fungi. Plants were split into six herbicide treatments and an untreated control for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in a randomized complete block design experiment with four replicates. Herbicides evaluated were 2,4-D, aminopyralid, 2,4-D plus dicamba, metsulfuron plus chlorsulfuron, aminocyclopyrachlor, and metsulfuron plus aminopyralid. In all three tall fescue varieties, the application of 2,4-D, aminopyralid, 2,4-D plus dicamba, or aminocyclopyrachlor failed to reduce phytotoxicity, height, tiller number, and dry matter when compared with the untreated control. However, metsulfuron-containing treatments reduced all variables in every variety. We thus conclude that herbicides containing metsulfuron are the most phytotoxic to tall fescue. Key words: Endophytic fungi, grass, weed control.

Most gluten-free bakery formulations have starch sources of low nutritional value. The objective of this work was to use fava beans (Phaseolus lunatus) for the production of gluten-free sponge cakes, in addition to evaluating the effects of the partial substitution of fava bean flour by galactomannan and xanthan gum, isolated or mixed at 0.5 and 1.0% proportions, compared with a commercial reference. The properties such as viscosity, specific gravity and microscopy of the air bubbles were evaluated in the raw cakes, while the cooked cakes were analyzed according to physicochemical (chemical composition, specific volume, texture and color) and sensorial properties. Hydrocolloids increased the viscosity, specific gravity, and incorporation of air into the batters. Xanthan gum increased the cakes firmness after cooking; in what concerns color parameters, hydrocolloids did not interfere. Cakes based on fava beans had better sensory acceptance with or without the presence of hydrocolloids and presented higher levels of moisture, proteins, lipids and ashes when compared to the commercial reference, proving to be an excellent food option without gluten and high nutritional value., The authors acknowledge the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the financial support. MGCC expresses her gratitude to the CNPq for research grants and fellowships., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion