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Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T16:25:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008 O objetivo deste trabalho foi observar e descrever o hábito alimentar do Beija-flor Tesourão, Eupetomena macroura. O estudo foi realizado em um parque municipal, situado na cidade de Taubaté, Estado de São Paulo. As observações ocorreram entre dezembro de 2003 e outubro de 2004, período em que foram observadas as seguintes variáveis: 1) as espécies de plantas visitadas para alimentação e defesa territorial; 2) o tipo de recurso alimentar; e 3) a freqüência de vôo para busca e obtenção de alimento. Foram registradas 12 espécies de plantas visitadas pelo E. macroura, visto que Mangifera indica e Malvaviscus arboreus foram as mais utilizadas para defesa territorial e para alimentação, respectivamente. O maior índice de flores visitadas foi observada para Malvaviscus arboreus. Mangifera indica e Hymenaea stilbocarpa foram as espécies que apresentaram maior freqüência de visita em folhas e ramos. Na estação seca, o beija-flor tesourão visitou flores para obtenção de alimento, já na estação úmida a maior parte do alimento foi adquirida entre folhas e ramos. Quando analisados as folhas e ramos visitados pelos indivíduos quanto à presença de artrópodes, os resultados obtidos indicaram que os grupos mais abundantes foram Homoptera e Psocoptera. Finalmente, pela análise do tipo de vôo, observou-se que o vôo que representa captura de alimento foi mais vezes observado do que aquele que é utilizado para procura de alimento. Os resultados sugerem uma flexibilidade trófica do E. macroura, fato que pode auxiliar na permanência da espécie em áreas urbanas. The aim of this work was to observe and describe the feeding habits and available food resources of the swallow-tailed hummingbird, Eupetomena macroura. The study was carried out in a municipal park located in the city of Taubaté, in the state of São Paulo. The observations took place between December 2003 and October 2004, recording the following variables: 1) the plant species visited for feeding and territorial defense; 2) the kinds of food resources; and 3) the kinds of flight to procure and obtain food. E. macroura visited 12 plant species. For territorial defense, Mangifera indica was the most visited, whereas Malvaviscus arboreus was most visited for feeding. The foliage was the plant part that received the most frequent visits. In order to obtain nectar, the only species visited was M. arboreus; to obtain arthropods, the species most visited were Mangifera indica and Hymenaea stilbocarpa. In the dry season, the hummingbirds visited flowers, whereas in the rainy season they visited leaves to acquire food. The arthropod groups most frequently found on leafy branches were Homoptera and Psocoptera. Finally, the results of the type of flight analysis showed that flight used to capture food was more often observed than were flights to search for food. In conclusion, these observations suggest that E. macroura shows plasticity in feeding behavior, which can help it to persist in urban areas. [Toledo, MCB.; Moreira, DM.] Universidade de Taubaté, Brazil

NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Cancer. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 January 15. NIH-PA Author Manuscript Published in final edited form as: Cancer. 2014 January 15; 120(2): 197–204. doi:10.1002/cncr.28423. Cigarette Smoking Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Biochemical Disease Recurrence, Metastasis, Castration- Resistant Prostate Cancer, and Mortality After Radical Prostatectomy: Results From the SEARCH Database Daniel M. Moreira, MD 1 , William J. Aronson, MD 2,3 , Martha K. Terris, MD 4,5 , Christopher J. Kane, MD 6 , Christopher L. Amling, MD 7 , Matthew R. Cooperberg, MD 8,9,10 , Paolo Boffetta, MD 11 , and Stephen J. Freedland, MD 12,13,14 1 The NIH-PA Author Manuscript Arthur Smith Institute for Urology, North Shore Long Island Jewish Health System, New Hyde Park, New York 2 Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center of Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 3 Department of Urology, University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 4 Urology Section, Division of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia 5 Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 6 Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of California at San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California 7 Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon NIH-PA Author Manuscript 8 Department of Urology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 9 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 10 Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 11 Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York © 2013 American Cancer Society. Corresponding author: Daniel M. Moreira, MD, The Arthur Smith Institute for Urology, North Shore Long Island Jewish Health System, 450 Lakeville Rd, New Hyde Park, NY 11042; Fax: (516) 734-8537; dmoreira@nshs.edu. The views and opinions of, and endorsements by, the author(s) do not reflect those of the US Army or the Department of Defense. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURES The authors made no disclosures.

This work shows the development of a model for the simulation of rocket exhaust effluent. The model is based on a semi-analytical solution of the time dependent three-dimensional advection-diffusion equation and overcomes the features of the Gaussian concepts considering realistic eddy diffusivities and wind profiles. We report numerical simulations with the approach using micrometeorological parameters and wind profile generated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in the area around the Alcântara Launch Center, Brazil.

The central nervous system (CNS) and the periphery are closely associated in the regulation of body homeostasis. In fact, in both physiological and pathological conditions, the CNS showed to be targeted by peripheral system molecules, which are able to generate adaptive responses under the tight control of the hypothalamus. In spite of having a well-recognized importance, the mechanisms underlying this communication are still unclear. Two major routes have been proposed to explain the transmission of information from the periphery to the CNS: a sensory pathway, through the peripheral nerves and a humoral pathway, through the bloodstream. In the present work, in vitro blood-brain barrier cultures and hypothalamic organotypic cultures were characterized with the main goal to enable the establishment of a platform to investigate the communication between the periphery and the CNS through the humoral pathway.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis seems to play an important role in obesity and Type 2 diabetes (DM). The aim of the present study was to determine the adrenal volume in obese patients with DM in comparison to obese non-diabetic patients. Eleven diabetic obese and 19 non-diabetic obese women were sequentially invited to take part in the study. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen was performed to determine adrenal volume, visceral (VF) and sc fat (SCF). Daily urinary free cortisol (UFC) was used as a measure of integrated cortisol production. In the diabetic patients, hemoglobin A1c was measured as an index of metabolic control. Compared to nondiabetic controls, patients with diabetes had a significantly higher total adrenal volume (4.29+/-1.50 vs 2.95+/-1.64; p=0.03). A highly significant correlation was detected between VF and VF/SCF ratio and total adrenal volume in the whole group (r=0.36, p=0.04 and r=0.48, p=0.008, respectively). This study, therefore, suggests an association between abdominal obesity, enlarged adrenals and Type 2 diabetes. These findings support the hypothesis that an increased activity of the HPA axis in obese subjects may be involved in the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes.

To determine prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in a group of symptomatic patients between 2 and 18 years old who were submitted to gastric biopsy during upper endoscopy done in the period of 1990-97. To correlate the histological findings with clinical and endoscopical data.A cross-sectional study done after review of clinical and histopathological data. Histopathological sections were reviewed by a pathologist, who did not know the clinical information and the previous histopathological reports.Among 181 patients evaluated, prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection was 24.86% (45 positive cases). In pathological analysis, gastritis was found in 38/45 of the positive Helicobacter pylori patients and in 45/136 negative Helicobacter pylori. Gastric ulceration was found in 6/45 positive Helicobacter pylori and in 3/136 negative Helicobacter pylori.This study stated a significative association between Helicobacter pylori infection and pathological abnormalities in children evaluated in the "Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre", RS, Brazil.

Acquisition of data of magnetic resonance metabolite spectrum of the hippocampal formation (hippocampus-hc) in the elderly, normal and with Alzheimer's disease (AD).Subjects matched for age: a. normal sample (n=20), CDR=0, and b. AD sample (n=40), CDR 1 and 2.Signa Horizon LX-GE, 1.5T, 1H-MRS with automated software PROBE/SV, VOI: hc (right and left); single voxel (2x2x2cm); TR 1500ms/TE 50ms; PRESS; metabolites: N-acetylaspartate (Naa), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), myo-inositol (mI).The present data relate to the ratios of Naa, Cho and mI, with Cr taken as reference, and the mI/Naa ratio. The study showed reduction of Naa, increase of mI and of the mI/Naa ratio, and not consistent results for Cho. The results of the whole sample of AD patients compared to the pooled normal mean +/- sd were significant for Naa, mI and mI/Naa (p0.01). Accuracy in relation to the individual values of both samples showed satisfactory levels of sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value.The present results can be used as a helpful tool to detect pathologic changes of the hippocampus in AD, and allowing greater accuracy and an earlier diagnosis of this disease.

Symptoms and signs of a stroke indicate which areas of the brain are affected and may also suggest the pathophysiology. We report herein a case of global aphasia without hemiparesis due to embolic infarct. Our case suggests that this situation may be an important sign for embolic cerebral infarction, as reported in literature.

Deficiency of vitamin B12 may produce neuropsychiatric disturbances. In the CNS the disease affects mainly myelin sheaths, and the spongy degeneration and diffuse demyelination of the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal cord are the classical pathological changes in patients with subacute combined degeneration. Similar changes also occur in cerebral hemispheres and MRI abnormalities in brain of such patients could be expected, but have received little attention. We report a case of pernicious anemia with neurological manifestations and brain MRI abnormalities. We discuss the neuropathological aspects and we suggest that pernicious anemia is a differential diagnosis to consider in central demyelinating lesions at MRI.

14590 Background: Gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) is an active and well tolerated combination in the treatment of metastatic bladder cancer (BC). Studies of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in BC suggest improved survival, especially for patients with complete pathologic response. We have prospectively analyzed the tolerability and efficacy of GC as neoadjuvant treatment of invasive BC. Methods: in this single-institution, one-stage phase II trial, patients (pts) with histologically verified muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma received 3 cycles of gemcitabine 1200 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 with cisplatin 75 mg/m2 on day 1 prior to surgery. Radiologic response was evaluated with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Planned accrual was 35 pts. Primary endpoint was clinical and pathological response rate. Results: between Jun 2002 and Mar 2005, 22 pts (19 males) were enrolled. Accrual was poor due to a higher percentage of superficial tumors than expected. Median age was 61 years. All pts had Performance Status 0 or 1. Initial stage was II (T2) in 11 and III (T3–4) in 11 pts. Chemotherapy was well tolerated with infrequent grade III/ IV toxicity (nausea/ vomiting in 27%, neutropenia in 23% and neutropenic fever in 1 patient). Median follow-up is 26 months (6–40). Partial radiologic response rate was documented in 15 out of 19 assessable pts (79%). One patient was excluded due to renal toxicity in the first chemotherapy cycle and other had sarcomatoid carcinoma at definitive pathologic examination. By Dec 2005, 14 pts underwent radical cystectomy, 4 pts pelvic radiotherapy, 1 is waiting surgery and 1 had systemic progression before surgery. Nine out of 20 pts (45%) relapsed (8 systemic and 1 local) and 4 (20%) are dead (3 with confirmed disease progression). Complete pathologic response was observed in 3 pts (21.5% of 14) and local progression during chemotherapy in another 3 pts. Median estimated progression-free survival by Kaplan-Meier is 27 months (CI 95% 20.5–33.5) with median overall survival not reached. Conclusions: the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin is effective and tolerable when used as neoadjuvant therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Longer follow-up is necessary to evaluate its impact in the overall survival of these pts. [Table: see text]