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Permian–Triassic boundary sections at Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran) are investigated with respect to their lithological succession, biostratigraphy (particularly conodonts, nautiloids and ammonoids) as well as chemostratigraphy (carbon isotopes). The rock successions consist of the Late Permian Hambast Formation, the youngest Permian Baghuk Member (new name for the “Boundary Clay”) and the Early Triassic Claraia beds. Correlation of the data allows the establishment of a high-resolution stratigraphy based on conodonts with seven Changhsingian zones. Abundant ammonoids enable the separation of ammonoid assemblages with the successive Wuchiapingian genera Prototoceras, Pseudotoceras and Vedioceras, as well as the Changhsingian genera Shevyrevites, Paratirolites, Alibashites, Abichites and Arasella. Griesbachian and Dienerian ammonoids are usually poorly preserved. Nautiloids occur predominantly in the Wuchiapingian part of the section with two successive assemblages dominated by the Liroceratidae and Tainoceratidae, respectively. Numerous Early Triassic strata contain microbialites of various outer morphology and microstructure. The carbon isotope curve (δ13Ccarb) shows a continuous late Changhsingian negative excursion continuing across the Baghuk Member with the lightest values at the base of the Triassic.

The Permian–Triassic boundary section in the Aras Valley in NW Iran is investigated with respect to carbonate microfacies, biostratigraphy (particularly conodonts, nautiloids, and ammonoids), chemostratigraphy (carbon isotopes), and environmental setting. Correlation of the data allows the establishment of a high-resolution stratigraphy based on conodonts (with four Wuchiapingian, 10 Changhsingian, and three Griesbachian zones), ammonoids (with nine Changhsingian zones), and carbon isotopes; it forms the base for the reconstruction of the environmental changes before and after the end-Permian extinction event at the studied locality. In the Aras Valley section, there is no evidence for the development of anoxic conditions, associated with the end-Permian mass extinction.

Two morphometric methods are applied and compared for the analysis of suture lines in Early Carboniferous ammonoids of the superfamilies Pericycloidea, Girtyoceratoidea and Goniatitoidea. We analysed (1) classic metric data (proportions of the width and depths or heights of lobes and saddles) using multivariate statistic methods and (2) outline data of the external lobe and the ventrolateral saddle of the same ammonoid taxa using the elliptic Fourier analysis. Both methods lead to similar results and simultaneously demonstrate ontogenetic and phylogenetic trends of these ammonoids. Our results are consistent with three previously suggested evolutionary patterns: (1) a general decrease of the amplitude of lobes and saddles, (2) a proportional widening of the external lobe and (3) a heightening of the median saddle.

Selected specimens from the Jurassic ammonoid family Arietitidae were investigated using morphometric methods of transverse and longitudinal conch section analysis. The family Arietitidae is characterized by similarities in the conch geometry, but variation can be demonstrated by means of differences in conch morphology. Our study focuses on a specimen of the arietitid Pararnioceras sp., which revealed striking changes in conch morphology due to a syn vivo growth through a parasitic serpulid. Changes in its ontogenetic development are compared with specimens without epizoans. The ecological interpretation of the morphometric data allows the conclusion that the host possessed the ability to counteract the parasitic conch abnormalities by adapting its housing growth, thus ensuring survival.

Bulk-carbonate carbon isotope ratios are a widely applied proxy for investigating the ancient biogeochemical carbon cycle. Temporal carbon isotope trends serve as a prime stratigraphic tool, with the inherent assumption that bulk micritic carbonate rock is a faithful geochemical recorder of the isotopic composition of seawater dissolved inorganic carbon. However, bulk-carbonate rock is also prone to incorporate diagenetic signals. The aim of the present study is to disentangle primary trends from diagenetic signals in carbon isotope records which traverse the Permian–Triassic boundary in the marine carbonate-bearing sequences of Iran and South China. By pooling newly produced and published carbon isotope data, we confirm that a global first-order trend towards depleted values exists. However, a large amount of scatter is superimposed on this geochemical record. In addition, we observe a temporal trend in the amplitude of this residual δ13C variability, which is reproducible for the two studied regions. We suggest that (sub-)sea-floor microbial communities and their control on calcite nucleation and ambient porewater dissolved inorganic carbon δ13C pose a viable mechanism to induce bulk-rock δ13C variability. Numerical model calculations highlight that early diagenetic carbonate rock stabilization and linked carbon isotope alteration can be controlled by organic matter supply and subsequent microbial remineralization. A major biotic decline among Late Permian bottom-dwelling organisms facilitated a spatial increase in heterogeneous organic carbon accumulation. Combined with low marine sulfate, this resulted in varying degrees of carbon isotope overprinting. A simulated time series suggests that a 50 % increase in the spatial scatter of organic carbon relative to the average, in addition to an imposed increase in the likelihood of sampling cements formed by microbial calcite nucleation to 1 out of 10 samples, is sufficient to induce the observed signal of carbon isotope variability. These findings put constraints on the application of Permian–Triassic carbon isotope chemostratigraphy based on whole-rock samples, which appears less refined than classical biozonation dating schemes. On the other hand, this signal of increased carbon isotope variability concurrent with the largest mass extinction of the Phanerozoic may provide information about local carbon cycling mediated by spatially heterogeneous (sub-)sea-floor microbial communities under suppressed bioturbation.

Mid-Carboniferous strata of the Barnett Shale in the Sierra Diablo region are deep water, offshore sediments deposited in the Marathon Foreland Basin. These strata contain a remarkably complete ammonoid record spanning from the Late Viséan to the middle Atokan (Moscovian). Late Viséan strata are referred to as the "Folks Member" of the Barnett Shale and locally yield numerous ammonoids. Three assemblages can be recognized, which contain, from oldest to youngest, Goniatites eganensis and Girtyoceras hamiltonense (Goniatites eganensis Zone), Goniatites multiliratus and Girtyoceras meslerianum (Goniatites multiliratus Zone), and Choctawites cumminsi and Pachylyroceras cloudi (Choctawites cumminsi Zone). We erect the new genera Choctawites and Uralyroceras to accommodate, respectively, the North American species "Goniatites choctawensis Shumard, 1863", "G. kentuckiensis Miller, 1889" and "G. cumminsi Hyatt, 1893", and Uralian species formerly attributed to Pachylyroceras. For the material of "Pachylyroceras cloudi" of the South Urals, the new species name Uralyroceras arquatum is proposed.

The Devonian reef limestone complex of Rösenbeck near Brilon (Rhenish Mountains) shows numerous neptunian dykes and other hollows which have been filled with Carboniferous siliciclastic as well as fossil-rich carbonate sediments with ammonoids, conodonts, and chondrichthyan fish. While the shales of the infill can be interpreted as autochthonous sediments, the carbonates represent erratic blocks of sediments which were deposited in elevated areas but subsequently eroded and transported as erratic blocks into the karstic cavities. The biota of the carbonates demonstrates that two stratigraphic intervals are represented: (1) the Tournaisian–Viséan boundary interval, which can be identified by the presence of trilobites, and (2) the late Viséan (Asbian–Brigantian), proven by the presence of ammonoids and conodonts embedded in shales that probably have an early Serpukhovian age. Two carbonate facies can be distinguished in the Late Viséan blocks: (1) low-energy micritic sediments with Goniatites crenistria, which are probably equivalent to the crenistria Limestone and (2) high-energy (tempestite) sediments with numerous ammonoid specimens and in a more subordinate role other to fossil groups.

The Permian–Triassic boundary sections in north-western Iran belong to the most complete successions, in which the largest mass extinction event in the history of the Earth can be studied. We investigated the Changhsingian stage in six sections in the area of Julfa (Aras Valley) for their lithology, conodonts and ammonoids. Revision of the biostratigraphy led to the separation of 10 conodont zones (from bottom to top Clarkina orientalis–C. subcarinata interval zone, C. subcarinata, C. changxingensis, C. bachmanni, C. nodosa, C. yini, C. abadehensis, C. hauschkei, Hindeodus praeparvus–H. changxingensis and Merrilina ultima–Stepanovites ?mostleri zones) and 8 ammonoid zones (from bottom to top Iranites transcaucasius–Phisonites triangulus, Dzhulfites nodosus, Shevyrevites shevyrevi, Paratirolites trapezoidalis, P. waageni, Stoyanowites dieneri, Abichites stoyanowi and Arasella minuta zones). The new ammonoid genera Stoyanowites and Arasella are described.

Representatives of the Late Devonian ammonoid family Cymaclymeniidae were studied for their conch ontogeny. Two methods were applied: (1) the analysis of classical morphometric conch parameters and (2) an outline analysis of the aperture using elliptic Fourier analysis. Application of both methods leads to similar results, allowing a separation of some of the species by means of their ontogenetic pathways. The new species Procymaclymenia ebbighauseni n. sp., Cymaclymenia subvexa n. sp., Cymaclymenia formosa n. sp., Cymaclymenia lambidia n. sp., Cymaclymenia carnata n. sp., Cymaclymenia aulax n. sp., Cymaclymenia serotina n. sp. and Postclymenia calceola n. sp. are described in the systematic part.

Silicon waveguides can be functionalized with an organic χ(2)-nonlinear cladding. This complements silicon photonics with the electro-optic (EO) effect originating from the cladding and enables functionalities such as pure phase modulation, parametric amplification, or THz-wave generation. Claddings based on a polymer matrix containing chromophores have been introduced, and their strong χ(2) nonlinearity has already been used to demonstrate ultralow power consuming modulators. However, these silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) devices inherit not only the advantageous properties; these polymer claddings require an alignment procedure called poling and must be operated well below their glass transition temperature. This excludes some applications. In contrast, claddings made from organic crystals come with a different set of properties. In particular, there is no need for poling. This new class of claddings also promises stronger resilience to high temperatures, better long-term stability, and photo-chemical stability. We report on the deposition of an organic crystal cladding of N-benzyl-2-methyl-4-nitroaniline (BNA) on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides, which have a CMOS-like metal stack on top. Adhering to such an architecture, which preserves the principal advantage of using CMOS-based silicon photonic fabrication processes, permits the first demonstration of high-speed modulation at 12.5 Gbit/s in this material class, which proves the availability of the EO effect from BNA on SOI also for other applications.

A morphometric analysis of the characteristic whorl cross-sections of 1,200 Jurassic ammonoid species from southern Germany enabled us to characterise their morphospace. The successive Jurassic ammonoid faunas of southern Germany show characteristic patterns in morphospace occupation. While Early and Middle Jurassic ammonoids occupy limited areas of the morphospace range, the Late Jurassic ammonoids cover the entire spectrum. The ammonoids are characterised by an overall increase of both taxonomic diversity and morphological disparity in the course of the Jurassic. Strong fluctuations occur until the middle Late Jurassic, followed by a diversity decrease in the early Kimmeridgian and a disparity reduction in the early Tithonian. While diversity and disparity show similar progression during most of the Early Jurassic, they diverge subsequently and show only poor correlation until the end of the Jurassic. Particularly in the Middle Jurassic diversity and sea level changes correlate strongly. Neither temporal patterns in diversity nor disparity support the hypothesis of a mass extinction event in the early Toarcian. Significant changes in diversity and disparity in the early Callovian support a putative migration event of Boreal ammonoids into the Tethyan realm.doi:10.1002/mmng.201000016

A small coelacanth specimen of Viséan age from a newly described locality near Rösenbeck at the northern margin of the Rhenish Mountains (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) is described. The head and pectoral girdle are not preserved, however, the specimen can be distinguished from all other known Carboniferous coelacanths by derived characters of the articulated postcranial skeleton. Derived characters include: (1) The slender first and second dorsal fins that carry only seven to eight and six fin rays, respectively. (2) Both the pelvic and anal fin have a broad base and are unusually weakly lobed. (3) The fin rays of the second dorsal fin are much more robust than those of the first dorsal fin. (4) The second dorsal and anal fins are longer than the first dorsal and pelvic fins. The Rösenbeck coelacanth is interpreted as a juvenile specimen, since the basal plates that support the fins are not ossified.doi:10.1002/mmng.201000004

Twenty-seven ammonoid species are described from the Argiles de Timimoun of Timimoun (Gourara, Algeria). The following taxa are newly described: Rhnetites n. gen., Rhnetites rhnetensis n. sp., Rhnetites ouladallalensis n. sp., Parahammatocyclus mutaris n. sp., Bollandoceras nitens n. sp., Bollandoceras subangulare n. sp., Bollandoceras politum n. sp., Bollandoceras aridum n. sp., Bollandoceras zuhara n. sp., Bollandoceras mirrih n. sp., Benimehlalites n. gen., Benimehlalites benimehlalensis n. sp., Benimehlalites belkassemensis n. sp., Benimehlalites brinkmanni n. sp., Pachybollandoceras n. gen., Pachybollandoceras intraevolutum n. sp., Pachybollandoceras repens n. sp., Bollanditinae n. subfam., Gourarites n. gen., Gourarites hagaraswad n. sp., Gourarites hagarkarim n. sp., Gourarites mustari n. sp., Gourarites zuhal n. sp., Semibollandites n. gen., Semibollandites kamil n. sp., Semibollandites pauculus n. sp., Semibollandites qawiy n. sp., Timimounia n. gen., Timimounia timimounensis n. sp., Timimounia lunula n. sp., Daaitidae n. fam., Daaites n. gen., Daaites daaensis n. sp., Dimorphoceras lanceolobatum n. sp., Nomismoceras salim n. sp., and Nomismoceras waltoni n. sp. The species occur in three successive horizons and can be attributed to the Bollandites-Bollandoceras Genus Zone (Early and Middle Viséan). They represent the most diverse ammonoid fauna known from this time interval.doi:10.1002/mmng.200900013

The ammonoids from the Teguentour Shales (Tournaisian, Early Carboniferous) of Oued Temertasset (Mouydir, Algeria) are described monographically. The following new ammonoid taxa are introduced: Imitoceras dimidium n. sp., Imitoceras strictum n. sp., Triimitoceras tantulum n. sp., Acrocanites disparilis n. sp., Jdaidites cultellus n. sp., Pericyclus tortuosus n. sp., Pericyclus circulus n. sp., Pericyclus trochus n. sp., Pericyclus intercisus n. sp., Nodopericyclus n. gen., Nodopericyclus circumnodosus n. sp., Nodopericyclus deficerus n. sp., Ammonellipsites serus n. sp., Helicocyclus formosus n. sp., Helicocyclus inornatus n. sp., Helicocyclus laxaris n. sp., Ouaoufilalites creber n. sp., family Temertassetiidae n. fam., Temertassetia n. gen., Temertassetia temertassetensis n. sp., Temertassetia secunda n. sp., Temertassetia decorata n. sp., Temertassetia coarta n. sp., Jerania n. gen., Jerania jeranensis n. sp., Jerania sicilicula n. sp., Jerania pusillens n. sp., Jerania subvexa n. sp., Jerania persimilis n. sp., Kusinia n. gen., Kusinia falcifera n. sp., Bouhamedites insalahensis n. sp., Muensteroceras subparallelum n. sp., Muensteroceras multitudum n. sp., Follotites n. gen., Follotites folloti n. sp., Follotites stelus n. sp., Follotites flexus n. sp., family Rotopericyclidae n. fam., Eurites permutus n. sp., Eurites doliaris n. sp., Mouydiria n. gen., Mouydiria mouydirensis n. sp., Mouydiria scutula n. sp., Rotopericyclus kaufmanni n. sp., Rotopericyclus rathi n. sp., Rotopericyclus wendti n. sp., Rotopericyclus lubesederi n. sp., subfamily Dzhaprakoceratinae n. subfam., Dzhaprakoceras punctum n. sp., Dzhaprakoceras amplum n. sp., Dzhaprakoceras vergum n. sp., Dzhaprakoceras biconvexum n. sp., Progoniatitinae n. subfam., Progoniatites uncus n. sp., Progoniatites pilus n. sp., Progoniatites paenacutus n. sp., Progoniatites globulus n. sp., Habadraitinae n. subfam., Habadraites n. gen., Habadraites weyeri n. sp., Habadraites supralatus n. sp., Primogoniatites n. gen., Primogoniatites fundator n. sp., Antegoniatitinae n. subfam., Antegoniatites n. gen., and Antegoniatites anticiparis n. sp. The ammonoids occur in three successive assemblages and are the richest ammonoid faunas of the time interval worldwide.doi:10.1002/mmng.200900010

Four ammonoid species are described from the Early Carboniferous (Mississippian) Iridet Formation of the Ahnet and Mouydir (Central Sahara, Algeria); three of which are new: Eurites temertassetensis n. sp., Trimorphoceras teguentourense n. sp., and Trimorphoceras azzelmattiense n. sp. The species can be attributed to the North African Ammonellipsites-Merocanites Assemblage (Fascipericyclus-Ammonellipsites Genus Zone; Late Tournaisian to Early Viséan). Additionally, the two new species Ammonellipsites sguilmensis n. sp. and Muensteroceras beniabbesense n. sp. are described from the time equivalent Hassi Sguilma Formation of the Saoura Valley (north-western Algeria).doi:10.1002/mmng.200900012

The ammonoids from the Early Carboniferous (Mississippian) Dalle à Merocanites of Timimoun (Gourara, Algeria) are described. The following new ammonoid taxa are introduced: subfamily Hammatocyclinae n. subfam., Hammatocyclus pollex n. sp., Hammatocyclus corrugatus n. sp., Neopericyclus arenosus n. sp., Ammonellipsites pareyni n. sp., Ammonellipsites menchikoffi n. sp., Ammonellipsites conradae n. sp., Muensteroceras fabrei n. sp., Eurites commutatus n. sp., Eurites pondus n. sp., subfamily Trimorphoceratinae n. subfam., Trimorphoceras n. gen., Trimorphoceras crassilens n. sp., Trimorphoceras absolutum n. sp., Trimorphoceras molestum n. sp., Obturgites n. gen., Obturgites polysarcus n. sp., Obturgites oligosarcus n. sp., Dzhaprakoceras dzhazairense n. sp., and Merocanites merocanites n. sp. These species occur in one very prolific horizon and can be attributed to the North African Ammonellipsites-Merocanites Assemblage (Fascipericyclus -Ammonellipsites Genus Zone; Late Tournaisian to Early Viséan). They represent one of the most diverse ammonoid faunas known from this time interval.doi:10.1002/mmng.200900011

A key for the description of Palaeozoic ammonoids is presented. It contains a catalogue of descriptive terms to characterise conch morphology, ornament, and suture line particularly of Carboniferous ammonoids. A number of examples of tables and illustrations are given for the description of conch characters, their ontogeny and intraspecific variability.doi:10.1002/mmng.200900008

The ammonoids from two very prolific horizons in the upper Kahla Sandstone (Tournaisian, Early Carboniferous) of Timimoun (Gourara, Algeria) are described monographically. Nine new ammonoid species are introduced: Imitoceras altilobatum n. sp., Triimitoceras amplisellatum n. sp., Kazakhstania inequalis n. sp., Acrocanites imperfectus n. sp., Xinjiangites scalaris n. sp., and Becanites canalifer n. sp. from the North African Kazakhstania-Acrocanites Assemblage as well as Acrocanites recurvus n. sp., Becanites singularis n. sp., and Becanites inflateralis n. sp. from the Pericyclus-Progoniatites Assemblage. The first of these is one of the most diverse ammonoid faunas known from this time interval.doi:10.1002/mmng.200900009

Diverse and well-preserved Late Viséan (Early Carboniferous) gastropod faunas from the eastern Anti-Atlas of Morocco are described herein. The new genus Itimaspira n. gen. is described as well as the six new species Ananias weyeri n. sp., Itimaspira klugi n. sp., Nodospira krawczynskii n. sp., Baylea cordulae n. sp., Cinclidonema marocensis n. sp., and Schizostoma africanum n. sp., together with specimens of the genera Baylea, Orthonema, ?Knightella sp. and Macrochilina in open nomenclature.doi:10.1002/mmng.200900006

Five Late Viséan ammonoid assemblages of North Variscan provenance are described from the locality Chebket el Hamra (Jerada Basin, north-eastern Morocco). These assemblages are composed of 27 species of the genera Eoglyphioceras, Girtyoceras, Sulcogirtyoceras, Metadimorphoceras, Goniatites, Arnsbergites, Hibernicoceras, Paraglyphioceras, Lusitanoceras, Sudeticeras, Neoglyphioceras, Lusitanites, Ferganoceras, Praedaraelites, and Pronorites. The new subfamily Arnsbergitinae is described, as well as the thirteen new species Eoglyphioceras minutum n. sp., Girtyoceras ibnkhaldouni n. sp., Metadimorphoceras anguinosum n. sp., Arnsbergites ferrus n. sp., Arnsbergites proiecturus n. sp., Arnsbergites rufus n. sp., Hibernicoceras touissitense n. sp., Hibernicoceras artilobatum n. sp., Paraglyphioceras celeris n. sp., Lusitanoceras zirari n. sp., Sudeticeras ibnbajjahi n. sp., Sudeticeras horoni n. sp., and Pronorites owodenkoi n. sp.doi:10.1002/mmng.200800004

The early Carboniferous (Mississippian) sedimentary succession of the Montagne Noire is subdivided into three major lithostratigraphic units, in ascending order the Montagne Noire Griotte Group (Devonian to Early Tournaisian), the Tournaisian to Viséan Saint-Nazaire Group (with the Lydiennes, Faugères, Colonnes, and Puech Capel Formations, the latter new), and the Laurens Flysch Group (late Viséan). The ammonoid assemblages in these rock units are reviewed. A total of 29 Early Carboniferous ammonoid taxa at species level are determined. The new genus Nigrocyclus n. gen., and the new species Gattendorfia nazairensis n. sp., Globimitoceras albaillei n. sp., and Neogoniatites canovasi n. sp. are described.Die unterkarbonische Abfolge von Sedimentgesteinen in der Montagne Noire wird in drei lithostratigraphische Einheiten untergliedert, von unten nach oben die Montagne Noire Griotte Gruppe (Oberdevon bis Untertournai), die Saint-Nazaire Gruppe des Tournaisium und Viséum (mit den Lydiennes Faugères, Colonnes und Puech Capel Formationen, von denen die letzte neu ist), und der Laurens Flysch Gruppe (Oberviséum). Die Ammonoideen-Vergesellschaftungen in diesen Gesteinen werden revidiert. Insgesamt werden 29 unterkarbonische Ammonoideen-Taxa auf Artebene aufgeführt; neu beschrieben werden die Gattung Nigrocyclus n. gen. sowie die Arten Gattendorfia nazairensis n. sp., Globimitoceras albaillei n. sp. und Neogoniatites canovasi n. sp.doi:10.1002/mmng.200700002

The ammonoid fauna from the Late Devonian Three Forks Shale of Montana is revised. Six taxa were recognised, which belong to the genera Tornoceras, Pernoceras, Raymondiceras, Platyclymenia, Pleuroclymenia, and Carinoclymenia. The ammonoid assemblage suggests a stratigraphic position within the middle Famennian, most probably the Platyclymenia annulata Zone. The ammonoids display extreme septal crowding in intermediate as well as adult growth stages, which can be regarded as evidence for instable palaeoecological conditions during lifetime of the animals.Die Ammonoideenfauna aus dem oberdevonischen Three Forks Shale von Montana wird revidiert. Sechs Taxa werden unterschieden; sie gehören zu den Gattungen Tornoceras, Pernoceras, Raymondiceras, Platyclymenia, Pleuroclymenia und Carinoclymenia. Die Ammonoideen-Vergesellschaftung spricht für eine stratigraphische Position im mittleren Famennium, wahrscheinlich in der Platyclymenia annulata Zone. Die Ammonoideen zeigen auffällige Drängung der Septen in intermediären und adulten Wachstumsstadien, die als Hinweis auf instabile Lebensbedingungen für die Tiere gewertet werden kann.doi:10.1002/mmng.200600008

A late Viséan section of clastic and carbonatic rocks is described from the eastern part of the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). The sedimentary succession is a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic system influenced by sea-level fluctuations. The sedimentology of the section is interpreted with respect to transgressive-regressive cycles and systems tracts. Highstand sediments yielded ammonoid assemblages from six horizons; a total of 1,040 specimens separated into 20 species are described in the palaeontological section. The genus Itimaites is new, together with the 16 new species Itimaites parabolicus n. sp., Calygirtyoceras zrigatense n. sp., Sudeticeras fornicum n. sp., Sudeticeras pusillobatum n. sp., Sudeticeras occultornatum n. sp., Goniatites rodioni n. sp., Goniatites gerberi n. sp., Goniatites evelinae n. sp., Hypergoniatites fusiger n. sp., Neogoniatites worki n. sp., Dombarites bellornatus n. sp., Platygoniatites rhanemensis n. sp., Ferganoceras torridum n. sp., Prolecanites meandricus n. sp., Prolecanites mapesi n. sp., Epicanites hamianensis n. sp., and Megapronorites itimensis n. sp.Ein aus Klastika und Karbonaten aufgebautes Obervisé-Profil wird vom östlichen Bereich des Anti-Atlas (Marokko) beschrieben. Bei der Sedimentabfolge handelt es sich um ein gemischtes Ablagerungssystem aus Karbonaten und Siliziklastika, das durch Meeresspiegelschwankungen gesteuert wurde. Die Sedimentologie des Profiles wurde hinsichtlich Transgressions-Regressions Zyklen und System Trakten interpretiert. Hochstand-Sedimente lieferten Ammonoideen-Vergesellschaftungen aus sechs Horizonten; insgesamt wurden 1040 Exemplare gefunden, die 20 Arten zugeordnet wurden und im paläontologischen Teil beschrieben sind. Die Gattung Itimaites sowie die 16 Arten Itimaites parabolicus n. sp., Calygirtyoceras zrigatense n. sp., Sudeticeras fornicum n. sp., Sudeticeras pusillobatum n. sp., Sudeticeras occultornatum n. sp., Goniatites rodioni n. sp., Goniatites gerberi n. sp., Goniatites evelinae n. sp., Hypergoniatites fusiger n. sp., Neogoniatites worki n. sp., Dombarites bellornatus n. sp., Platygoniatites rhanemensis n. sp., Ferganoceras torridum n. sp., Prolecanites meandricus n. sp., Prolecanites mapesi n. sp., Epicanites hamianensis n. sp. und Megapronorites itimensis n. sp. sind neu.doi:10.1002/mmng.200600001

A small ammonoid fauna, of probable middle Early Tournaisian age, is described from the Gara el Kahla near Timimoun, Gourara, Algerian Sahara. The following taxa are described: Acutimitoceras algeriense n. sp., Acutimitoceras sinulobatum n. sp., Acutimitoceras sp. A, Hasselbachia gourara n. sp., Gattendorfia jacquelinae n. sp., Gattendorfia cf. crassa Schmidt. 1924, Kahlacanites n. gen., Kahlacanites meyendorfi n. sp., Kahlacanites mariae n. sp., and Kahlacanites timimounensis n. sp.Eine kleine Ammonoideenfauna mit wahrscheinlich mittlerem Untertournai-Alter von der Gara el Kahla bei Timimoun (Gourara, Algerische Sahara) wird untersucht. Die folgenden Taxa warden beschrieben: Acutimitoceras algeriense n. sp., Acutimitoceras sinulobatum n. sp., Acutimitoceras sp. A, Hasselbachia gourara n. sp., Gattendorfia jacquelinae n. sp., Gattendorfia cf. crassa Schmidt, 1924, Kahlacanites n. gen., Kahlacanites meyendorffi n. sp., Kahlacanites mariae n. sp. und Kahlacanites timimounensis n. sp.doi:10.1002/mmng.20040070107

The Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary sections at Hasselbachtal, Oese, Apricke, and Ober-Rödinghausen, all located at the northern margin of the Rhenish Mountains, were measured in detail. A semi-quantitative evaluation of the carbonate content and resulting carbonate curves permitted a highly exact correlation of these sections. This result is supported by data on ammonoid records and volcanoclastic horizons. Carbonate fluctuations within the Hangenberg Limestone are regarded as showing a 100000 years cyclicity. A new ammonoid genus Hasselbachia n. gen. and the species Paprothites ruzhencevi n. sp. are described. Among the rugose corals, a new species Hillaxon hassel n. sp., is erected.Die Devon/Karbon-Grenzprofile Hasselbachtal, Oese, Apricke und Ober-Rödinghausen, alle auf der Nordflanke des Remscheid-Altenaer Sattels gelegen, wurden detailliert aufgenommen. Die halbquantitative Ermittlung des Karbonatgehaltes und daraus resultierenden Karbonatkurven eignen sich für eine sehr genaue Korrelation dieser Profile, die durch Funde von Ammonoideen sowie durch vulkanoklastische Horizonte unterstützt wird. Wechsel im Karbonatgehalt werden als 100000 Jahres-Zyklizität gedeutet. Die neue Ammonoideen-Gattung Hasselbachia n. gen. sowie die Art Paprothites ruzhencevi n. sp. werden beschrieben. Unter den rugosen Korallen wird die neue Art Hillaxon hassel n. sp. errrichtet.doi:10.1002/mmng.20030060105

We demonstrate compact highly efficient broadband strip-to-slot mode converters in silicon with record-low losses of 0.02 (±0.02) dB and negligible reflections between 1480 nm and 1580 nm. The new strip-to-slot transition is logarithmically tapered, which enables a compact design. The new logarithmic tapers are compared with more conventional linearly tapered converters.

We report on high-speed multilevel signal generation and arbitrary pulse shaping with silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) modulators. Pure phase modulation exploiting the linear electrooptic effect allows the generation of multiple modulations formats at highest speed such as 40-Gbit/s on-off-keying (OOK) and binary-phase-shift keying (BPSK) and 28-Gbd 4-ASK and 8-ASK with data rates up to 84 Gbit/s. Additionally, beside NRZ pulse shaping, for the first time, Nyquist pulse shaping with silicon modulators is demonstrated to enable multiplexing at highest spectral efficiency.

Carbohydrates play an important role in nutrition, especially sugar, it is an integral part of many products, both ready and raw. The norm of sugar consumption per day is 25 g (no more than 5 spoons per day). The issue of increasing the biological value of sugar is relevant, as it plays an important role in human nutrition. Almost no one is engaged in the production of enriched sugar in Ukraine, only a few developments of sugar with functional properties are presented. But this topic is quite relevant in the world, scientists are developing enrichment schemes with regional raw materials. The purpose of our research is to develop a technology for obtaining enriched sugar by using wild berries of regional importance, using the osmotic dehydration method. During the study, standard organoleptic and microbiological methods of functional sugar assessment were used. The article presents a technological scheme for the production of enriched sugar, determined the amount of osmotic syrup that should be used to obtain lump sugar to give it positive organoleptic indicators. Microbiological indicators were determined during long-term storage for 6 months. The presence of biologically active substances in sugar increases its chemical composition. Enriched sugar contains not only carbohydrates, but also amino acids, coloring and flavoring substances. According to organoleptic indicators, sea buckthorn sugar received the highest rating. All four types of enriched sugar have a high storage capacity, the development of harmful microflora is not observed after 6 months of storage. The results of the conducted research showed that the developed technology for the production of enriched sugar can be used at the production facilities of operating sugar factories. But on the condition of additional installation of the apparatus for carrying out osmotic dehydration. Functional sugar can be used as a sweetener for tea, coffee, water; and sweet connoisseurs can use it instead of candies.