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1. Fractional Stress Relaxation Model of Rock Freeze-Thaw Damage

Author

Q. Liu, W. Chen, J. K. Guo, R. F. Li, D. Ke, Y. Wu, W. Tian, and X. Z. Li

Subjects
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

Freeze-thaw cycle is a type of fatigue loading, and rock stress relaxation under freeze-thaw cycles takes into account the influence of the freeze-thaw cycle damage and deterioration. Rock stress relaxation under freeze-thaw cycles is one of the paramount issues in tunnel and slope stability research. To accurately describe the mechanical behaviour of stress relaxation of rocks under freeze-thaw, the software element is constructed based on the theory of fractional calculus to replace the ideal viscous element in the traditional element model. The freeze-thaw damage degradation of viscosity coefficient is considered. A new three-element model is established to better reflect the nonlinear stress relaxation behavior of rocks under freeze-thaw. The freeze-thaw and stress relaxation of rock are simulated by ABAQUS, the relevant model parameters are determined, and the stress relaxation equation of rock under freeze-thaw cycle is obtained based on numerical simulation results. The research shows that the test results are consistent with the calculated results, indicating that the constitutive equation can better describe the stress relaxation characteristics of rocks under freeze-thaw and provide theoretical basis for surrounding rock support in cold region.

Published
2021
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2. Loss of LAMP5 interneurons drives neuronal network dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease

Author

Yuanyuan Deng, Mian Bi, Fabien Delerue, Shelley L. Forrest, Gabriella Chan, Julia van der Hoven, Annika van Hummel, Astrid F. Feiten, Seojin Lee, Ivan Martinez-Valbuena, Tim Karl, Gabor G. Kovacs, Grant Morahan, Yazi D. Ke, and Lars M. Ittner

Subjects
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Neurology (clinical), Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Abstract

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau deposits in the brain, hyperexcitation of neuronal networks is an underlying disease mechanism, but its cause remains unclear. Here, we used the Collaborative Cross (CC) forward genetics mouse platform to identify modifier genes of neuronal hyperexcitation. We found LAMP5 as a novel regulator of hyperexcitation in mice, critical for the survival of distinct interneuron populations. Interestingly, synaptic LAMP5 was lost in AD brains and LAMP5 interneurons degenerated in different AD mouse models. Genetic reduction of LAMP5 augmented functional deficits and neuronal network hypersynchronicity in both Aβ- and tau-driven AD mouse models. To this end, our work defines the first specific function of LAMP5 interneurons in neuronal network hyperexcitation in AD and dementia with tau pathology.

Published
2022

4. Invasive disease-free survival and brain metastasis rates in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab and pertuzumab

Author

S. M. Chew, E. Ferraro, Y. Chen, A. V. Barrio, D. Kelly, S. Modi, A. D. Seidman, H. Wen, E. Brogi, M. Robson, and C. T. Dang

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract Patients with HER2(+) early breast cancer (EBC) receiving neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) have poorer outcomes if they have residual disease (RD). We analyzed IDFS and brain metastasis (BM) rates in patients with HER2(+) EBC treated with NAST and report the outcomes of patients with HER2(−) RD. Patients with HER2(+) EBC who received NAST between 1 Jan 2019 and 31 Jan 2022 were reviewed. IDFS was defined as the time from surgery until first occurrence of invasive breast cancer recurrence, distant recurrence, or death from any cause. The total cohort was 594 patients. pCR (ypT0/isN0) was achieved in 325(55%) and RD was seen in 269(45%) patients. In 269 patients with RD, 45(17%) did not have HER2 retesting and were excluded. In the remaining 224 patients, 143(64%) were HER2(+) and 81(36%) were HER2(−). With a median follow up of 24 months, 8 patients developed BM at initial recurrence, 4/325(1.2%) with pCR and 4/143(2.8%) with HER2(+) RD. IDFS events occurred in 22/594(3%) patients; 14/269(5%) in RD and 8/325(2%) in pCR (p = 0.04). There was no difference in IDFS between 9/143(6%) patients with HER2(+) RD or 5/81(6%) with HER2(−) RD (p = 0.10). Patients with RD had higher IDFS events than those with pCR. In those with RD, 36% lost HER2(+) status; IDFS events appeared similar in those with HER2(+) RD versus those with HER2(−) RD. The BM events seen in those with RD and pCR highlights the need for more effective therapy in NAST and adjuvant setting to minimize BM risk.

Published
2024
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5. Strangeness production in s NN $$ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC

Author

The STAR collaboration, M. I. Abdulhamid, B. E. Aboona, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, J. R. Adams, I. Aggarwal, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, E. C. Aschenauer, S. Aslam, J. Atchison, V. Bairathi, J. G. Ball Cap, K. Barish, R. Bellwied, P. Bhagat, A. Bhasin, S. Bhatta, S. R. Bhosale, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. D. Brandenburg, C. Broodo, X. Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, D. Cebra, J. Ceska, I. Chakaberia, P. Chaloupka, B. K. Chan, Z. Chang, A. Chatterjee, D. Chen, J. Chen, J. H. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, Y. Cheng, W. Christie, X. Chu, H. J. Crawford, M. Csanád, G. Dale-Gau, A. Das, I. M. Deppner, A. Dhamija, P. Dixit, X. Dong, J. L. Drachenberg, E. Duckworth, J. C. Dunlop, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, R. Fatemi, S. Fazio, C. J. Feng, Y. Feng, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, F. A. Flor, C. Fu, C. A. Gagliardi, T. Galatyuk, T. Gao, F. Geurts, N. Ghimire, A. Gibson, K. Gopal, X. Gou, D. Grosnick, A. Gupta, W. Guryn, A. Hamed, Y. Han, S. Harabasz, M. D. Harasty, J. W. Harris, H. Harrison-Smith, W. He, X. H. He, Y. He, N. Herrmann, L. Holub, C. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, H. Huang, H. Z. Huang, S. L. Huang, T. Huang, Y. Huang, T. J. Humanic, M. Isshiki, W. W. Jacobs, A. Jalotra, C. Jena, A. Jentsch, Y. Ji, J. Jia, C. Jin, X. Ju, E. G. Judd, S. Kabana, D. Kalinkin, K. Kang, D. Kapukchyan, K. Kauder, D. Keane, A. Khanal, Y. V. Khyzhniak, D. P. Kikoła, D. Kincses, I. Kisel, A. Kiselev, A. G. Knospe, H. S. Ko, J. Kołaś, L. K. Kosarzewski, L. Kumar, M. C. Labonte, R. Lacey, J. M. Landgraf, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, J. H. Lee, Y. H. Leung, C. Li, D. Li, H-S. Li, H. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, R. Licenik, T. Lin, Y. Lin, M. A. Lisa, C. Liu, G. Liu, H. Liu, L. Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, O. Lomicky, R. S. Longacre, E. M. Loyd, T. Lu, J. Luo, X. F. Luo, L. Ma, R. Ma, Y. G. Ma, N. Magdy, D. Mallick, R. Manikandhan, S. Margetis, C. Markert, O. Matonoha, G. McNamara, O. Mezhanska, K. Mi, S. Mioduszewski, B. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Mondal, I. Mooney, J. Mrazkova, M. I. Nagy, A. S. Nain, J. D. Nam, M. Nasim, D. Neff, J. M. Nelson, M. Nie, G. Nigmatkulov, T. Niida, T. Nonaka, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, S. Oh, K. Okubo, B. S. Page, S. Pal, A. Pandav, A. Panday, A. K. Pandey, T. Pani, A. Paul, B. Pawlik, D. Pawlowska, C. Perkins, J. Pluta, B. R. Pokhrel, M. Posik, T. L. Protzman, V. Prozorova, N. K. Pruthi, M. Przybycien, J. Putschke, Z. Qin, H. Qiu, C. Racz, S. K. Radhakrishnan, A. Rana, R. L. Ray, R. Reed, C. W. Robertson, M. Robotkova, M. A. Rosales Aguilar, D. Roy, P. Roy Chowdhury, L. Ruan, A. K. Sahoo, N. R. Sahoo, H. Sako, S. Salur, S. Sato, B. C. Schaefer, W. B. Schmidke, N. Schmitz, F-J. Seck, J. Seger, R. Seto, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, P. V. Shanmuganathan, T. Shao, M. Sharma, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, S. R. Sharma, A. I. Sheikh, D. Shen, D. Y. Shen, K. Shen, S. S. Shi, Y. Shi, Q. Y. Shou, F. Si, J. Singh, S. Singha, P. Sinha, M. J. Skoby, N. Smirnov, Y. Söhngen, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T. D. S. Stanislaus, M. Stefaniak, D. J. Stewart, Y. Su, M. Sumbera, C. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, B. Surrow, M. Svoboda, Z. W. Sweger, A. C. Tamis, A. H. Tang, Z. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, J. H. Thomas, A. R. Timmins, D. Tlusty, T. Todoroki, S. Trentalange, P. Tribedy, S. K. Tripathy, T. Truhlar, B. A. Trzeciak, O. D. Tsai, C. Y. Tsang, Z. Tu, J. Tyler, T. Ullrich, D. G. Underwood, I. Upsal, G. Van Buren, J. Vanek, I. Vassiliev, V. Verkest, F. Videbæk, S. A. Voloshin, G. Wang, J. S. Wang, J. Wang, K. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, J. C. Webb, P. C. Weidenkaff, G. D. Westfall, D. Wielanek, H. Wieman, G. Wilks, S. W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wu, X. Wu, B. Xi, Z. G. Xiao, G. Xie, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, G. Yan, Z. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, L. Yi, Y. Yu, H. Zbroszczyk, W. Zha, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, S. Zhou, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, M. Zurek, and M. Zyzak

Subjects
Fixed Target Experiments, Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We report multi-differential measurements of strange hadron production ranging from mid- to target-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at a center-of-momentum energy per nucleon pair of s NN $$ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $$ = 3 GeV with the STAR experiment at RHIC. K S 0 $$ {K}_S^0 $$ meson and Λ hyperon yields are measured via their weak decay channels. Collision centrality and rapidity dependences of the transverse momentum spectra and particle ratios are presented. Particle mass and centrality dependence of the average transverse momenta of Λ and K S 0 $$ {K}_S^0 $$ are compared with other strange particles, providing evidence of the development of hadronic rescattering in such collisions. The 4π yields of each of these strange hadrons show a consistent centrality dependence. Discussions on radial flow, the strange hadron production mechanism, and properties of the medium created in such collisions are presented together with results from hadronic transport and thermal model calculations.

Published
2024
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6. Can 60 days of feeding lead to increased fitness for transport in cull dairy cows?

Author

N. Berdusco, D. Kelton, D. Haley, K.M. Wood, and T.F. Duffield

Subjects
cull cow, dairy, fitness for transport, welfare, Dairy processing. Dairy products, SF250.5-275, Dairying, SF221-250
Abstract

ABSTRACT: The welfare of cull cows during transport to slaughter is a current concern in the Canadian dairy industry. Cull cows sold through auction often have a high prevalence of lameness, low BCS, hock lesions, and udder engorgement. To evaluate whether drying off and feeding cull dairy cows before transport can mitigate these challenges, 45 cows designated for culling were randomly assigned to either be fed for 60 d after being dried off (fed group; n = 24) or to serve as controls by being sent directly to slaughter (direct group; n = 21). Two fed group cows were removed for health reasons before completing the feeding period. Both fed group and direct group cows were assessed for locomotion (5-point scale), BCS (5-point scale), hock lesions (3-point scale), udder engorgement (3-point scale), and BW at the time of enrollment. Fed group cows, locomotion, BCS, hock, and udder engorgement scores were assessed weekly until slaughter. Weights of the fed group cows were measured again the day before slaughter. Mixed linear regression models were used to assess continuous outcomes BCS and weight. Mixed logistic regression models were used to assess dichotomous outcomes presence of hock lesions and lameness. Fed group cows gained an average of 116.9 kg over the feeding period (SE ± 8.20). Fed group cows had an average weight at slaughter of 834.2 kg, whereas direct group cows' average weight was 767.3 kg (SE ± 26.8). The fed group cows' average BCS at the start of the trial was 2.4, and at slaughter was 3.6, with an average gain of 1.2 BCS points. At slaughter, the proportion of udders involuted in the fed group was 45.1% (10/22) and in the direct group cows, was 0% (0/21). No differences were found in locomotion or hock lesions between the fed group and direct groups. It is important to weigh potential benefits for the fed group cows with the fact that direct group cows did not endure a drying off procedure, nor were they placed at risk of potential adverse health events. However, despite these potential limitations, due to the improved BCS and udder engorgement scores, cows fed for 60 d may be better prepared for the transportation to slaughter, as well as sell for a higher price due to increased BW and body condition.

Published
2024
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7. Short-Range Structural Connections Are More Severely Damaged in Early-Stage MS

Author

H. Wu, C. Sun, X. Huang, R. Wei, Z. Li, D. Ke, R. Bai, and H. Liang

Subjects
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Adult Brain, Neurites, Brain, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Neurology (clinical), Magnetic Resonance Imaging, White Matter
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Long-range connections are more severely damaged and relevant for cognition in long-standing MS. However, the evolution of such coordinated network damage in patients with MS is unclear. We investigated whether short- and long-range structural connections sustained equal damage in early-stage MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients with early-stage MS and 17 healthy controls were scanned by high-resolution, multishell diffusion imaging on 7T MR imaging and assessed cognitively. We investigated macrostructural properties in short- and long-range fibers and of microstructural metrics derived from 2 quantitative diffusion MR imaging models: DTI and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging. RESULTS: Patients had significant WM integrity damage—that is, higher radial diffusivity and a lower intracellular volume fraction in the focal WM lesions. Compared with the healthy controls, the patients had noticeable microstructure changes in both short- and long-range fibers, including increased radial diffusivity, mean diffusivity, and axial diffusivity. Z scores further indicated greater damage in the short-range fibers than in the long-range fibers. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that more severe demyelination preceding axonal degeneration occurs in short-range connections but not in long-range connections in early-stage MS, suggesting the possibility that there are cortical lesions that are undetectable by current MR imaging.

Published
2022

9. Treatment of epilepsy using a targeted p38γ kinase gene therapy

Author

Nicolle Morey, Magdalena Przybyla, Julia van der Hoven, Yazi D. Ke, Fabien Delerue, Janet van Eersel, and Lars M. Ittner

Subjects
Mice, Disease Models, Animal, Multidisciplinary, Epilepsy, Seizures, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Phosphorylation
Abstract

Hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau has been implicated in dementia, epilepsy, and other neurological disorders. In contrast, site-specific phosphorylation of tau at threonine 205 (T205) by the kinase p38γ was shown to disengage tau from toxic pathways, serving a neuroprotective function in Alzheimer’s disease. Using a viral-mediated gene delivery approach in different mouse models of epilepsy, we show that p38γ activity–enhancing treatment reduces seizure susceptibility, restores neuronal firing patterns, reduces behavioral deficits, and ameliorates epilepsy-induced deaths. Furthermore, we show that p38γ-mediated phosphorylation of tau at T205 is essential for this protection in epilepsy, as a lack of this critical interaction reinstates pathological features and accelerates epilepsy in vivo. Hence, our work provides a scope to harness p38γ as a future therapy applicable to acute neurological conditions.

Published
2022

10. Efficient Gene Expression in Human Stem Cell Derived-Cortical Organoids Using Adeno Associated Virus

Author

Ann-Na Cho, Fiona Bright, Nicolle Morey, Carol Au, Lars M. Ittner, and Yazi D. Ke

Subjects
DNA-Binding Proteins, Organoids, cortical organoids, Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs), TDP-43, gene delivery, neurodegenerative disease, Stem Cells, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Humans, Gene Expression, General Medicine, Dependovirus
Abstract

Cortical organoids are 3D structures derived either from human embryonic stem cells or human induced pluripotent stem cells with their use exploding in recent years due to their ability to better recapitulate the human brain in vivo in respect to organization; differentiation; and polarity. Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have emerged in recent years as the vectors of choice for CNS-targeted gene therapy. Here; we compare the use of AAVs as a mode of gene expression in cortical organoids; over traditional methods such as lipofectamine and electroporation and demonstrate its ease-of-use in generating quick disease models through expression of different variants of the central gene—TDP-43—implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.

Published
2022

11. TREM2 limits progression of deficits and spreading of tau pathology in mice

Author

Astrid Feiten, Carol Au, Miheer Sabale, Annika van Hummel, Julia van der Hoven, Yuanyuan Deng, Magdalena Przybyla, Fiona Bright, Troy Butler, Fabien Delerue, Amer Toutonji, Silvia Guglietta, Susanne Wegmann, Bradley T Hyman, Carsten Krieg, Yazi D Ke, and Lars Ittner

Abstract

Background. Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau form pathogenic lesions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains. As ΑD clinically progresses, tau pathology propagates in a very distinct pattern between connected brain areas. The molecular mechanisms underlying this tau pathology spread remain largely unknown. Genome-wide association studies have identified polymorphisms in triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) as genetic risk factors for AD and regulators of Aβ pathology-dependent tau propagation. Whether TREM2 contributes to neuron-to-neuron spreading of pathological tau remains unknown. Methods. Here, we crossed Trem2-deficient mice with P301S tau transgenic TAU58 mice and subjected the mice to behavioural testing and assessed neuropathology. Microglial activation states were determined using cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) and quantitative PCR. Tau spreading was assessed in vivo using tracing of focal tau expression. Results. Trem2 depletion significantly aggravated tau-induced early-onset motor and behavioural deficits. Neuropathologically, Trem2 reduction increased the number of hyperphosphorylated tau lesions in young TAU58 brains and reduced disease-associated microglia. Direct assessment of inter-neuronal spread of tau in vivo revealed significantly enhanced propagation of tau in the absence of Trem2, suggesting that microglial TREM2 limits the progression of tau pathology in disease. Conclusion. Taken together, our data suggests that reduced TREM2 function accelerates the onset and progression of functional deficits and tau neuropathology in tau transgenic mice, which might –at least in part– be due to increased tau spreading. Therefore, reduced TREM2 function may contribute to early AD by augmenting tau toxicity and its inter-neuronal propagation.

Published
2022

13. Comfort assessment of wind induced vibrations for slender structures by field monitoring and numerical analysis

Author

D. Kesavan Periyasamy, Vinay Shimpi, and Madappa VR Sivasubramanian

Subjects
Ambient vibration test, Human vibration comfort, Modal analysis, Peak acceleration, Slender structure, Wave superposition, Risk in industry. Risk management, HD61
Abstract

Slender structures often lead to vibration discomfort for occupants when exposed to wind forces. This study proposes an innovative method for assessing comfort against wind-induced vibrations for slender structures that combines field monitoring, numerical simulations, codal provisions, and Chang's comfort chart. The method utilizes ambient vibration tests (AVT) and operational modal analysis (OMA) to create a reliable finite element (FE) model for the structure. It involves analyzing the time history and calculating the peak acceleration values at various points within the structure using synthetic ambient wind forces derived from superposing waves. The comfort assessment compares peak acceleration values estimated from time history analysis against those provided in Chang's chart for different comfort levels. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a case study on a tall, slender reinforced concrete (RC) staircase structure, confirming its suitability for practical applications.

Published
2024
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14. Syntaxins 6 and 8 facilitate tau into secretory pathways

Author

Florence Tomasetig, Mian Bi, Thomas Fath, Yuanyuan Deng, Daryl Ariawan, Paulina Carmona-Mora, Wei Siang Lee, Annika van Hummel, Yazi D. Ke, Stephen J. Palmer, Claire Stevens, Holly Stefen, Daniel C. S. Tan, Adam D. Martin, Lars M. Ittner, Tamara Tomanic, Stefania Ippati, and Liming Hou

Subjects
Aging, cellular secretion, Tau protein, tau Proteins, Biology, Biochemistry, Interactome, Molecular Bases of Health & Disease, tau protein, Progressive supranuclear palsy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Mediator, Alzheimer Disease, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Syntaxin, Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs, Secretion, Molecular Biology, Research Articles, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Secretory Pathway, Qa-SNARE Proteins, Brain, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Cell biology, Transmembrane domain, Tauopathies, biology.protein, Tauopathy, syntaxin, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Protein Binding, Neuroscience
Abstract

Tau pathology initiates in defined brain regions and is known to spread along neuronal connections as symptoms progress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. This spread requires the release of tau from donor cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remained unknown. Here, we established the interactome of the C-terminal tail region of tau and identified syntaxin 8 (STX8) as a mediator of tau release from cells. Similarly, we showed the syntaxin 6 (STX6), part of the same SNARE family as STX8 also facilitated tau release. STX6 was previously genetically linked to progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a tauopathy. Finally, we demonstrated that the transmembrane domain of STX6 is required and sufficient to mediate tau secretion. The differential role of STX6 and STX8 in alternative secretory pathways suggests the association of tau with different secretory processes. Taken together, both syntaxins, STX6 and STX8, may contribute to AD and PSP pathogenesis by mediating release of tau from cells and facilitating pathology spreading.

Published
2021

15. Workshop report: Afar Dallol Drilling – ONset of sedimentary processes in an active rift basin (ADD-ON)

Author

A. Foubert, D. Keir, B. Atnafu, and T. Kidane

Subjects
Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Rifts and rifted margins form when continents break apart and shape the continent-to-ocean transition on much of our planet. The sedimentary basins that result from continental rifting host unique sedimentary archives of palaeo-environmental and palaeo-climatic change required to understand complex natural processes. Rifts and rifted margins are key sites for natural resources (e.g. geothermal and hydrogen potential, critical metal resources, and CO2 storage) and have an important societal relevance in the mitigation of geohazards such as earthquakes and volcanic activity. However, knowledge on the tectonic structure, sedimentary architecture, rapid palaeo-environmental change, fluid flow and hydrothermal circulation, deep subsurface biosphere, and their impacts on biogeochemical fluxes in rift basins remains poorly understood. Considering their large scientific potential and societal relevance, understanding the formation and architecture of rifts and rifted margins is now critical. The Afar rift is a world-class natural field lab where continental breakup can be directly observed. The northern part of Afar, the Danakil Depression, especially represents a unique snapshot in space and time when the continent ruptures and new seafloor and adjacent rifted margins form. However, deep subsurface records are missing in the basin. The ADD-ON project aims at deep drilling in the Danakil Depression to provide a unique sedimentary record in an active rift basin paced by global environmental fluctuations and their interplay with volcanic and tectonic events. To explore drilling targets and address scientific drilling objectives, an International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) workshop was organized in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in August 2023. In total, 64 participants from 10 countries and all career stages respecting diversity and inclusion joined the workshop. They represented a wide range of scientific disciplines including government agencies, industry, local universities, and communities to discuss the overall ADD-ON science plan during several workshop sessions. One target drilling site has been flagged, covering the unique Pleistocene full syn-rift sedimentary record in the Danakil Depression. This unique sedimentary archive will allow us to (1) unravel complex palaeo-environmental change in a rift basin, (2) understand incipient and intermittent dynamics through punctuated volcano-tectonic events in a rift transitioning from continental rifting towards seafloor spreading and adjacent rifted margin development, (3) test the origin and limits of life in the deep biosphere under poly-extreme conditions, (4) better understand fluid flow and fluid–sediment interaction in an active hydrothermal system, and (5) use the drilling site to develop a downhole Earth observatory to improve hazard-related monitoring capacity (earthquakes, gas/fluid flux, ground motion).

Published
2024
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16. Search for leptoquark pair production decaying into $$te^- \bar{t}e^+$$ t e - t ¯ e + or $$t\mu ^- \bar{t}\mu ^+$$ t μ - t ¯ μ + in multi-lepton final states in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 13\,\textrm{TeV}$$ s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Author

ATLAS Collaboration, G. Aad, B. Abbott, D. C. Abbott, K. Abeling, S. H. Abidi, A. Aboulhorma, H. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, Y. Abulaiti, A. C. Abusleme Hoffman, B. S. Acharya, B. Achkar, C. Adam Bourdarios, L. Adamczyk, L. Adamek, S. V. Addepalli, J. Adelman, A. Adiguzel, S. Adorni, T. Adye, A. A. Affolder, Y. Afik, M. N. Agaras, J. Agarwala, A. Aggarwal, C. Agheorghiesei, J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra, A. Ahmad, F. Ahmadov, W. S. Ahmed, S. Ahuja, X. Ai, G. Aielli, I. Aizenberg, M. Akbiyik, T. P. A. Åkesson, A. V. Akimov, K. Al Khoury, G. L. Alberghi, J. Albert, P. Albicocco, S. Alderweireldt, M. Aleksa, I. N. Aleksandrov, C. Alexa, T. Alexopoulos, A. Alfonsi, F. Alfonsi, M. Alhroob, B. Ali, S. Ali, M. Aliev, G. Alimonti, W. Alkakhi, C. Allaire, B. M. M. Allbrooke, P. P. Allport, A. Aloisio, F. Alonso, C. Alpigiani, E. Alunno Camelia, M. Alvarez Estevez, M. G. Alviggi, M. Aly, Y. Amaral Coutinho, A. Ambler, C. Amelung, M. Amerl, C. G. Ames, D. Amidei, S. P. Amor Dos Santos, S. Amoroso, K. R. Amos, V. Ananiev, C. Anastopoulos, T. Andeen, J. K. Anders, S. Y. Andrean, A. Andreazza, S. Angelidakis, A. Angerami, A. V. Anisenkov, A. Annovi, C. Antel, M. T. Anthony, E. Antipov, M. Antonelli, D. J. A. Antrim, F. Anulli, M. Aoki, T. Aoki, J. A. Aparisi Pozo, M. A. Aparo, L. Aperio Bella, C. Appelt, N. Aranzabal, V. Araujo Ferraz, C. Arcangeletti, A. T. H. Arce, E. Arena, J-F. Arguin, S. Argyropoulos, J.-H. Arling, A. J. Armbruster, O. Arnaez, H. Arnold, Z. P. Arrubarrena Tame, G. Artoni, H. Asada, K. Asai, S. Asai, N. A. Asbah, K. Assamagan, R. Astalos, R. J. Atkin, M. Atkinson, N. B. Atlay, H. Atmani, P. A. Atmasiddha, K. Augsten, S. Auricchio, A. D. Auriol, V. A. Austrup, G. Avner, G. Avolio, K. Axiotis, M. K. Ayoub, G. Azuelos, D. Babal, H. Bachacou, K. Bachas, A. Bachiu, F. Backman, A. Badea, P. Bagnaia, M. Bahmani, A. J. Bailey, V. R. Bailey, J. T. Baines, C. Bakalis, O. K. Baker, P. J. Bakker, E. Bakos, D. Bakshi Gupta, S. Balaji, R. Balasubramanian, E. M. Baldin, P. 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Seitz, J. M. Seixas, G. Sekhniaidze, S. J. Sekula, L. Selem, N. Semprini-Cesari, S. Sen, D. Sengupta, V. Senthilkumar, L. Serin, L. Serkin, M. Sessa, H. Severini, S. Sevova, F. Sforza, A. Sfyrla, E. Shabalina, R. Shaheen, J. D. Shahinian, D. Shaked Renous, L. Y. Shan, M. Shapiro, A. Sharma, A. S. Sharma, P. Sharma, S. Sharma, P. B. Shatalov, K. Shaw, S. M. Shaw, Q. Shen, P. Sherwood, L. Shi, C. O. Shimmin, Y. Shimogama, J. D. Shinner, I. P. J. Shipsey, S. Shirabe, M. Shiyakova, J. Shlomi, M. J. Shochet, J. Shojaii, D. R. Shope, S. Shrestha, E. M. Shrif, M. J. Shroff, P. Sicho, A. M. Sickles, E. Sideras Haddad, A. Sidoti, F. Siegert, Dj. Sijacki, R. Sikora, F. Sili, J. M. Silva, M. V. Silva Oliveira, S. B. Silverstein, S. Simion, R. Simoniello, E. L. Simpson, N. D. Simpson, S. Simsek, S. Sindhu, P. Sinervo, V. Sinetckii, S. Singh, S. Sinha, M. Sioli, I. Siral, S.Yu. Sivoklokov, J. Sjölin, A. Skaf, E. Skorda, P. Skubic, M. Slawinska, V. Smakhtin, B. H. Smart, J. Smiesko, S.Yu. Smirnov, Y. Smirnov, L. N. Smirnova, O. Smirnova, A. C. Smith, E. A. Smith, H. A. Smith, J. L. Smith, R. Smith, M. Smizanska, K. Smolek, A. Smykiewicz, A. A. Snesarev, H. L. Snoek, S. Snyder, R. Sobie, A. Soffer, C. A. Solans Sanchez, E.Yu. Soldatov, U. Soldevila, A. A. Solodkov, S. Solomon, A. Soloshenko, K. Solovieva, O. V. Solovyanov, V. Solovyev, P. Sommer, A. Sonay, W. Y. Song, A. Sopczak, A. L. Sopio, F. Sopkova, V. Sothilingam, S. Sottocornola, R. Soualah, Z. Soumaimi, D. South, S. Spagnolo, M. Spalla, F. Spanò, D. Sperlich, G. Spigo, M. Spina, S. Spinali, D. P. Spiteri, M. Spousta, E. J. Staats, A. Stabile, R. Stamen, M. Stamenkovic, A. Stampekis, M. Standke, E. Stanecka, M. V. Stange, B. Stanislaus, M. M. Stanitzki, M. Stankaityte, B. Stapf, E. A. Starchenko, G. H. Stark, J. Stark, D. M. Starko, P. Staroba, P. Starovoitov, S. Stärz, R. Staszewski, G. Stavropoulos, J. Steentoft, P. Steinberg, A. L. Steinhebel, B. Stelzer, H. J. Stelzer, O. Stelzer-Chilton, H. Stenzel, T. J. Stevenson, G. A. Stewart, M. C. Stockton, G. Stoicea, M. Stolarski, S. Stonjek, A. Straessner, J. Strandberg, S. Strandberg, M. Strauss, T. Strebler, P. Strizenec, R. Ströhmer, D. M. Strom, L. R. Strom, R. Stroynowski, A. Strubig, S. A. Stucci, B. Stugu, J. Stupak, N. A. Styles, D. Su, S. Su, W. Su, X. Su, K. Sugizaki, V. V. Sulin, M. J. Sullivan, D. M. S. Sultan, L. Sultanaliyeva, S. Sultansoy, T. Sumida, S. Sun, O. Sunneborn Gudnadottir, M. R. Sutton, M. Svatos, M. Swiatlowski, T. Swirski, I. Sykora, M. Sykora, T. Sykora, D. Ta, K. Tackmann, A. Taffard, R. Tafirout, J. S. Tafoya Vargas, R. H. M. Taibah, R. Takashima, K. Takeda, E. P. Takeva, Y. Takubo, M. Talby, A. A. Talyshev, K. C. Tam, N. M. Tamir, A. Tanaka, J. Tanaka, R. Tanaka, M. Tanasini, J. Tang, Z. Tao, S. Tapia Araya, S. Tapprogge, A. Tarek Abouelfadl Mohamed, S. Tarem, K. Tariq, G. Tarna, G. F. Tartarelli, P. Tas, M. Tasevsky, E. Tassi, A. C. Tate, G. Tateno, Y. Tayalati, G. N. Taylor, W. Taylor, H. Teagle, A. S. Tee, R. Teixeira De Lima, P. Teixeira-Dias, J. J. Teoh, K. Terashi, J. Terron, S. Terzo, M. Testa, R. J. Teuscher, A. Thaler, O. Theiner, N. Themistokleous, T. Theveneaux-Pelzer, O. Thielmann, D. W. Thomas, J. P. Thomas, E. A. Thompson, P. D. Thompson, E. Thomson, E. J. Thorpe, Y. Tian, V. Tikhomirov, Yu.A. Tikhonov, S. Timoshenko, E. X. L. Ting, P. Tipton, S. Tisserant, S. H. Tlou, A. Tnourji, K. Todome, S. Todorova-Nova, S. Todt, M. Togawa, J. Tojo, S. Tokár, K. Tokushuku, R. Tombs, M. Tomoto, L. Tompkins, K. W. Topolnicki, P. Tornambe, E. Torrence, H. Torres, E. Torró Pastor, M. Toscani, C. Tosciri, M. Tost, D. R. Tovey, A. Traeet, I. S. Trandafir, T. Trefzger, A. Tricoli, I. M. Trigger, S. Trincaz-Duvoid, D. A. Trischuk, B. Trocmé, A. Trofymov, C. Troncon, L. Truong, M. Trzebinski, A. Trzupek, F. Tsai, M. Tsai, A. Tsiamis, P. V. Tsiareshka, S. Tsigaridas, A. Tsirigotis, V. Tsiskaridze, E. G. Tskhadadze, M. Tsopoulou, Y. Tsujikawa, I. I. Tsukerman, V. Tsulaia, S. Tsuno, O. Tsur, D. Tsybychev, Y. Tu, A. Tudorache, V. Tudorache, A. N. Tuna, S. Turchikhin, I. Turk Cakir, R. Turra, T. Turtuvshin, P. M. Tuts, S. Tzamarias, P. Tzanis, E. Tzovara, K. Uchida, F. Ukegawa, P. A. Ulloa Poblete, E. N. Umaka, G. Unal, M. Unal, A. Undrus, G. Unel, J. Urban, P. Urquijo, G. Usai, R. Ushioda, M. Usman, Z. Uysal, L. Vacavant, V. Vacek, B. Vachon, K. O. H. Vadla, T. Vafeiadis, A. Vaitkus, C. Valderanis, E. Valdes Santurio, M. Valente, S. Valentinetti, A. Valero, A. Vallier, J. A. Valls Ferrer, T. R. Van Daalen, P. Van Gemmeren, M. Van Rijnbach, S. Van Stroud, I. Van Vulpen, M. Vanadia, W. Vandelli, M. Vandenbroucke, E. R. Vandewall, D. Vannicola, L. Vannoli, R. Vari, E. W. Varnes, C. Varni, T. Varol, D. Varouchas, L. Varriale, K. E. Varvell, M. E. Vasile, L. Vaslin, G. A. Vasquez, F. Vazeille, T. Vazquez Schroeder, J. Veatch, V. Vecchio, M. J. Veen, I. Veliscek, L. M. Veloce, F. Veloso, S. Veneziano, A. Ventura, A. Verbytskyi, M. Verducci, C. Vergis, M. Verissimo De Araujo, W. Verkerke, J. C. Vermeulen, C. Vernieri, P. J. Verschuuren, M. Vessella, M. C. Vetterli, A. Vgenopoulos, N. Viaux Maira, T. Vickey, O. E. Vickey Boeriu, G. H. A. Viehhauser, L. Vigani, M. Villa, M. Villaplana Perez, E. M. Villhauer, E. Vilucchi, M. G. Vincter, G. S. Virdee, A. Vishwakarma, C. Vittori, I. Vivarelli, V. Vladimirov, E. Voevodina, F. Vogel, P. Vokac, J. Von Ahnen, E. Von Toerne, B. Vormwald, V. Vorobel, K. Vorobev, M. Vos, J. H. Vossebeld, M. Vozak, L. Vozdecky, N. Vranjes, M. Vranjes Milosavljevic, M. Vreeswijk, R. Vuillermet, O. Vujinovic, I. Vukotic, S. Wada, C. Wagner, W. Wagner, S. Wahdan, H. Wahlberg, R. Wakasa, M. Wakida, V. M. Walbrecht, J. Walder, R. Walker, W. Walkowiak, A. M. Wang, A. Z. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, R.-J. Wang, R. Wang, S. M. Wang, S. Wang, T. Wang, W. T. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, A. Warburton, R. J. Ward, N. Warrack, A. T. Watson, H. Watson, M. F. Watson, G. Watts, B. M. Waugh, A. F. Webb, C. Weber, H. A. Weber, M. S. Weber, S. M. Weber, C. Wei, Y. Wei, A. R. Weidberg, J. Weingarten, M. Weirich, C. Weiser, C. J. Wells, T. Wenaus, B. Wendland, T. Wengler, N. S. Wenke, N. Wermes, M. Wessels, K. Whalen, A. M. Wharton, A. S. White, A. White, M. J. White, D. Whiteson, L. Wickremasinghe, W. Wiedenmann, C. Wiel, M. Wielers, N. Wieseotte, C. Wiglesworth, L. A. M. Wiik-Fuchs, D. J. Wilbern, H. G. Wilkens, D. M. Williams, H. H. Williams, S. Williams, S. Willocq, P. J. Windischhofer, F. Winklmeier, B. T. Winter, J. K. Winter, M. Wittgen, M. Wobisch, R. Wölker, J. Wollrath, M. W. Wolter, H. Wolters, V. W. S. Wong, A. F. Wongel, S. D. Worm, B. K. Wosiek, K. W. Woźniak, K. Wraight, J. Wu, M. Wu, S. L. Wu, X. Wu, Y. Wu, Z. Wu, J. Wuerzinger, T. R. Wyatt, B. M. Wynne, S. Xella, L. Xia, M. Xia, J. Xiang, X. Xiao, M. Xie, X. Xie, S. Xin, J. Xiong, I. Xiotidis, D. Xu, H. Xu, L. Xu, R. Xu, T. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, B. Yabsley, S. Yacoob, N. Yamaguchi, Y. Yamaguchi, H. Yamauchi, T. Yamazaki, Y. Yamazaki, J. Yan, S. Yan, Z. Yan, H. J. Yang, H. T. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yang, X. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, W-M. Yao, Y. C. Yap, H. Ye, J. Ye, S. Ye, X. Ye, Y. Yeh, I. Yeletskikh, B. K. Yeo, M. R. Yexley, P. Yin, K. Yorita, S. Younas, C. J. S. Young, C. Young, M. Yuan, R. Yuan, L. Yue, X. Yue, M. Zaazoua, B. Zabinski, E. Zaid, T. Zakareishvili, N. Zakharchuk, S. Zambito, J. A. Zamora Saa, J. Zang, D. Zanzi, O. Zaplatilek, S. V. Zeißner, C. Zeitnitz, J. C. Zeng, D. T. Zenger, O. Zenin, T. Ženiš, S. Zenz, S. Zerradi, D. Zerwas, B. Zhang, D. F. Zhang, G. Zhang, J. Zhang, K. Zhang, L. Zhang, P. Zhang, R. Zhang, S. Zhang, T. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, H. Zhao, P. Zhao, T. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Z. Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, X. Zheng, Z. Zheng, D. Zhong, B. Zhou, C. Zhou, H. Zhou, N. Zhou, Y. Zhou, C. G. Zhu, C. Zhu, H. L. Zhu, H. Zhu, J. Zhu, Y. Zhu, X. Zhuang, K. Zhukov, V. Zhulanov, N. I. Zimine, J. Zinsser, M. Ziolkowski, L. Živković, A. Zoccoli, K. Zoch, T. G. Zorbas, O. Zormpa, W. Zou, and L. Zwalinski

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract A search for leptoquark pair production decaying into $$te^- \bar{t}e^+$$ t e - t ¯ e + or $$t\mu ^- \bar{t}\mu ^+$$ t μ - t ¯ μ + in final states with multiple leptons is presented. The search is based on a dataset of pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13~\text {TeV} $$ s = 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb $$^{-1}$$ - 1 . Four signal regions, with the requirement of at least three light leptons (electron or muon) and at least two jets out of which at least one jet is identified as coming from a b-hadron, are considered based on the number of leptons of a given flavour. The main background processes are estimated using dedicated control regions in a simultaneous fit with the signal regions to data. No excess above the Standard Model background prediction is observed and 95% confidence level limits on the production cross section times branching ratio are derived as a function of the leptoquark mass. Under the assumption of exclusive decays into $$te^{-}$$ t e - ( $$t\mu ^{-}$$ t μ - ), the corresponding lower limit on the scalar mixed-generation leptoquark mass $$m_{\textrm{LQ}_{\textrm{mix}}^{\textrm{d}}}$$ m LQ mix d is at 1.58 (1.59) TeV and on the vector leptoquark mass $$m_{{\tilde{U}}_1}$$ m U ~ 1 at 1.67 (1.67) TeV in the minimal coupling scenario and at 1.95 (1.95) TeV in the Yang–Mills scenario.

Published
2024
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17. Fractional Stress Relaxation Model of Rock Freeze-Thaw Damage

Author

D. Ke, Weiping Tian, Guo Jiaqi, Rui Li, X. Z. Li, Liu Qin, W. Chen, and Y. Wu

Subjects
Materials science, Article Subject, Computer simulation, Constitutive equation, 0211 other engineering and technologies, General Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, Element model, Fractional calculus, Nonlinear system, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, Viscosity coefficient, Slope stability, TA401-492, Stress relaxation, General Materials Science, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering
Abstract

Freeze-thaw cycle is a type of fatigue loading, and rock stress relaxation under freeze-thaw cycles takes into account the influence of the freeze-thaw cycle damage and deterioration. Rock stress relaxation under freeze-thaw cycles is one of the paramount issues in tunnel and slope stability research. To accurately describe the mechanical behaviour of stress relaxation of rocks under freeze-thaw, the software element is constructed based on the theory of fractional calculus to replace the ideal viscous element in the traditional element model. The freeze-thaw damage degradation of viscosity coefficient is considered. A new three-element model is established to better reflect the nonlinear stress relaxation behavior of rocks under freeze-thaw. The freeze-thaw and stress relaxation of rock are simulated by ABAQUS, the relevant model parameters are determined, and the stress relaxation equation of rock under freeze-thaw cycle is obtained based on numerical simulation results. The research shows that the test results are consistent with the calculated results, indicating that the constitutive equation can better describe the stress relaxation characteristics of rocks under freeze-thaw and provide theoretical basis for surrounding rock support in cold region.

Published
2021

18. Structural Parameters Optimization for a Proportional Solenoid

Author

K. D. Jin, S. D. Ke, and Y. X. Yu

Subjects
Physics, Modeling and Simulation, Mechanical engineering, Solenoid, Computer Science Applications
Abstract

This paper presents an optimization method for the structural parameters of a proportional solenoid. The 3D finite element method simulation model for performance analyse of proportional solenoid was validated by force-displacement characteristic experiment. Parameter sensitivity analysis results showed that the displacement of the armature, the length of the armature, the radius of the armature, the width of the first half of the sleeve and the angle of the magnetic-isolated ring have significant effects on the electromagnetic force. Key structural parameters were optimized according to the simulation results. Experiments results showed the average electromagnetic force was increased by 20.1 % and the effective stroke was extended to 2.1 mm.

Published
2020

19. Dietary modulation of human milk bioactives is associated with maternal FUT2 secretor phenotype: an exploratory analysis of carotenoids and polyphenol metabolites

Author

Chelsey Fiecke, Meghan Crimmins, Ahsan Hameed, Clark Sims, D. Keith Williams, Lars Bode, Audrey Martinez, Aline Andres, and Mario G. Ferruzzi

Subjects
human milk, human milk oligosaccharides, carotenoids, polyphenols, obesity, Mediterranean meal plan, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract

IntroductionMaternal diet modifies profiles of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), carotenoids, and polyphenols in human milk (HM). However, substantial variability in profiles exists between women, highlighting the complexity of non-dietary factors modulating these profiles. The objective of this study was to carry out a secondary analysis exploring the effect of maternal diet on HM carotenoids and polyphenols and relationships between dietary modulation of HM bioactives (carotenoids, polyphenols, and oligosaccharides) and maternal α1,2-fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) secretor phenotype.MethodsIn this pilot study, 16 exclusively breastfeeding women with obesity were enrolled between 4 and 5 months postpartum. The women were provided a 4-week meal plan consistent with the 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). HM was collected for 24 h at baseline and post-intervention. Maternal FUT2 secretor phenotype was determined by 2′-fucosyllactose concentration in HM (non-secretor: < 100 nmol/ml; secretor: ≥100 nmol/ml). Concentrations of carotenoids and HMOs were determined by LC and polyphenol metabolites by UPLC–MS/MS.ResultsThirteen women completed the study (6 secretors, 7 non-secretors). The change in HM concentrations of the HMOs lacto-N-tetraose (LNT, p = 0.007), lacto-N-fucopentaose II (LNFP II, p = 0.02), difucosyllacto-N-tetraose (DFLNT, p = 0.003), and disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT, p = 0.003) and polyphenol metabolites 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA, p = 0.08) and ferulic acid (p = 0.02) over the intervention time frame was differentially associated with maternal secretor status. 4-HBA and ferulic acid positively correlated with HMOs LNT and DSLNT (rrm = 0.82–0.90, p = 0.03–0.06) for secretors but not for non-secretors. Only secretors demonstrated a negative correlation between 4-HBA and DFLNT (rrm = −0.94, p = 0.001).DiscussionThe influence of maternal diet on composition of HMOs and polyphenol metabolites in HM differs based on maternal secretor status. Consideration of non-dietary factors is needed to evaluate differences in response of HM bioactives to dietary modulation.

Published
2024
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20. Measurements of charged-particle multiplicity dependence of higher-order net-proton cumulants in p + p collisions at s=200 GeV from STAR at RHIC

Author

M.I. Abdulhamid, B.E. Aboona, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, J.R. Adams, I. Aggarwal, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, E.C. Aschenauer, S. Aslam, J. Atchison, V. Bairathi, J.G. Ball Cap, K. Barish, R. Bellwied, P. Bhagat, A. Bhasin, S. Bhatta, S.R. Bhosale, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J.D. Brandenburg, C. Broodo, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, D. Cebra, J. Ceska, I. Chakaberia, P. Chaloupka, B.K. Chan, Z. Chang, A. Chatterjee, D. Chen, J. Chen, J.H. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, Y. Cheng, W. Christie, X. Chu, H.J. Crawford, M. Csanád, G. Dale-Gau, A. Das, I.M. Deppner, A. Dhamija, P. Dixit, X. Dong, J.L. Drachenberg, E. Duckworth, J.C. Dunlop, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, R. Fatemi, S. Fazio, C.J. Feng, Y. Feng, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, F.A. Flor, C. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, T. Galatyuk, T. Gao, F. Geurts, N. Ghimire, A. Gibson, K. Gopal, X. Gou, D. Grosnick, A. Gupta, W. Guryn, A. Hamed, Y. Han, S. Harabasz, M.D. Harasty, J.W. Harris, H. Harrison-Smith, W. He, X.H. He, Y. He, N. Herrmann, L. Holub, C. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, H. Huang, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, T. Huang, Y. Huang, T.J. Humanic, M. Isshiki, W.W. Jacobs, A. Jalotra, C. Jena, A. Jentsch, Y. Ji, J. Jia, C. Jin, X. Ju, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, D. Kalinkin, K. Kang, D. Kapukchyan, K. Kauder, D. Keane, A. Khanal, Y.V. Khyzhniak, D.P. Kikoła, D. Kincses, I. Kisel, A. Kiselev, A.G. Knospe, H.S. Ko, J. Kołaś, L.K. Kosarzewski, L. Kumar, M.C. Labonte, R. Lacey, J.M. Landgraf, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, J.H. Lee, Y.H. Leung, C. Li, D. Li, H-S. Li, H. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, R. Licenik, T. Lin, Y. Lin, M.A. Lisa, C. Liu, G. Liu, H. Liu, L. Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, O. Lomicky, R.S. Longacre, E.M. Loyd, T. Lu, J. Luo, X.F. Luo, L. Ma, R. Ma, Y.G. Ma, N. Magdy, D. Mallick, R. Manikandhan, S. Margetis, C. Markert, O. Matonoha, G. McNamara, O. Mezhanska, K. Mi, S. Mioduszewski, B. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M.M. Mondal, I. Mooney, J. Mrazkova, M.I. Nagy, A.S. Nain, J.D. Nam, M. Nasim, D. Neff, J.M. Nelson, M. Nie, G. Nigmatkulov, T. Niida, R. Nishitani, T. Nonaka, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, S. Oh, K. Okubo, B.S. Page, S. Pal, A. Pandav, A. Panday, T. Pani, A. Paul, B. Pawlik, D. Pawlowska, C. Perkins, J. Pluta, B.R. Pokhrel, M. Posik, T. Protzman, V. Prozorova, N.K. Pruthi, M. Przybycien, J. Putschke, Z. Qin, H. Qiu, C. Racz, S.K. Radhakrishnan, A. Rana, R.L. Ray, R. Reed, C.W. Robertson, M. Robotkova, M.A. Rosales Aguilar, D. Roy, P. Roy Chowdhury, L. Ruan, A.K. Sahoo, N.R. Sahoo, H. Sako, S. Salur, S. Sato, B.C. Schaefer, W.B. Schmidke, N. Schmitz, F-J. Seck, J. Seger, R. Seto, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, P.V. Shanmuganathan, T. Shao, M. Sharma, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, S.R. Sharma, A.I. Sheikh, D. Shen, D.Y. Shen, K. Shen, S.S. Shi, Y. Shi, Q.Y. Shou, F. Si, J. Singh, S. Singha, P. Sinha, M.J. Skoby, N. Smirnov, Y. Söhngen, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T.D.S. Stanislaus, M. Stefaniak, D.J. Stewart, Y. Su, M. Sumbera, C. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, B. Surrow, M. Svoboda, Z.W. Sweger, A.C. Tamis, A.H. Tang, Z. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, D. Tlusty, T. Todoroki, S. Trentalange, P. Tribedy, S.K. Tripathy, T. Truhlar, B.A. Trzeciak, O.D. Tsai, C.Y. Tsang, Z. Tu, J. Tyler, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, I. Upsal, G. Van Buren, J. Vanek, I. Vassiliev, V. Verkest, F. Videbæk, S.A. Voloshin, G. Wang, J.S. Wang, J. Wang, K. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, J.C. Webb, P.C. Weidenkaff, G.D. Westfall, D. Wielanek, H. Wieman, G. Wilks, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wu, X. Wu, B. Xi, Z.G. Xiao, G. Xie, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, G. Yan, Z. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, L. Yi, Y. Yu, H. Zbroszczyk, W. Zha, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, S. Zhou, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, M. Zurek, and M. Zyzak

Subjects
QCD phase diagram, Crossover, Event-by-event fluctuation, Higher-order cumulant, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We report on the charged-particle multiplicity dependence of net-proton cumulant ratios up to sixth order from s=200 GeV p+p collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The measured ratios C4/C2, C5/C1, and C6/C2 decrease with increased charged-particle multiplicity and rapidity acceptance. Neither the Skellam baselines nor PYTHIA8 calculations account for the observed multiplicity dependence. In addition, the ratios C5/C1 and C6/C2 approach negative values in the highest-multiplicity events, which implies that thermalized QCD matter may be formed in p+p collisions.

Published
2024
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21. Review: Opportunities and challenges for the genetic selection of dairy calf disease traits

Author

C. Lynch, E.M. Leishman, F. Miglior, D. Kelton, F.S. Schenkel, and C.F. Baes

Subjects
Dairy calves, Diarrhoea, Genetic selection, Respiratory disease, Calf health, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

Interest in dairy cow health continues to grow as we better understand health’s relationship with production potential and animal welfare. Over the past decade, efforts have been made to incorporate health traits into national genetic evaluations. However, they have focused on the mature cow, with calf health largely being neglected. Diarrhoea and respiratory disease comprise the main illnesses with regard to calf health. Conventional methods to control calf disease involve early separation of calves from the dam and housing calves individually. However, public concern regarding these methods, and growing evidence that these methods may negatively impact calf development, mean the dairy industry may move away from these practices. Genetic selection may be a promising tool to address these major disease issues. In this review, we examined current literature for enhancing calf health through genetics and discussed alternative approaches to improve calf health via the use of epidemiological modelling approaches, and the potential of indirectly selecting for improved calf health through improving colostrum quality. Heritability estimates on the observed scale for diarrhoea ranged from 0.03 to 0.20, while for respiratory disease, estimates ranged from 0.02 to 0.24. The breadth in these ranges is due, at least in part, to differences in disease prevalence, population structure, data editing and models, as well as data collection practices, which should be all considered when comparing literature values. Incorporation of epidemiological theory into quantitative genetics provides an opportunity to better determine the level of genetic variation in disease traits, as it accounts for disease transmission among contemporaries. Colostrum intake is a major determinant of whether a calf develops either respiratory disease or diarrhoea. Colostrum traits have the advantage of being measured and reported on a continuous scale, which removes the issues classically associated with binary disease traits. Overall, genetic selection for improved calf health is feasible. However, to ensure the maximum response, first steps by any industry members should focus efforts on standardising recording practices and encouragement of uploading information to genetic evaluation centres through herd management software, as high-quality phenotypes are the backbone of any successful breeding programme.

Published
2024
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22. K369I Tau Mice Demonstrate a Shift Towards Striatal Neuron Burst Firing and Goal-directed Behaviour

Author

Teri M. Furlong, Daniel M. Johnstone, Bernard W. Balleine, Aaron J. Camp, Max Mo, Lars M. Ittner, Miranda A. Mathews, Yazi D. Ke, and Marie E. Jönsson

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Genetically modified mouse, Tau protein, Mice, Transgenic, tau Proteins, Striatum, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Bursting, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, Neurons, biology, General Neuroscience, Parkinsonism, Frontotemporal lobar degeneration, medicine.disease, Cortex (botany), Electrophysiology, 030104 developmental biology, Tauopathies, nervous system, Frontotemporal Dementia, biology.protein, Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, Goals, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Pathological forms of the microtubule-associated protein tau are involved in a large group of neurodegenerative diseases named tauopathies, including frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-tau). K369I mutant tau transgenic mice (K3 mice) recapitulate neural and behavioural symptoms of FTLD, including tau aggregates in the cortex, alterations to nigrostriatum, memory deficits and parkinsonism. The aim of this study was to further characterise the K3 mouse model by examining functional alterations to the striatum. Whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology was used to investigate the properties of striatal neurons in K3 mice and wildtype controls. Additionally, striatal-based instrumental learning tasks were conducted to assess goal-directed versus habitual behaviours (i.e., by examining sensitivity to outcome devaluation and progressive ratios). The K3 model demonstrated significant alterations in the discharge properties of striatal neurons relative to wildtype mice, which manifested as a shift in neuronal output towards a burst firing state. K3 mice acquired goal-directed responding faster than control mice and were goal-directed at test unlike wildtype mice, which is likely to indicate reduced capacity to develop habitual behaviour. The observed pattern of behaviour in K3 mice is suggestive of deficits in dorsal lateral striatal function and this was supported by our electrophysiological findings. Thus, both the electrophysiological and behavioural alterations indicate that K3 mice have early deficits in striatal function. This finding adds to the growing literature which indicate that the striatum is impacted in tau-related neuropathies such as FTLD, and further suggests that the K3 model is a unique mouse model for investigating FTLD especially with striatal involvement.

Published
2020

23. Neurodegeneration and Motor Deficits in the Absence of Astrogliosis upon Transgenic Mutant TDP-43 Expression in Mature Mice

Author

Lars M. Ittner, Annika van Hummel, Yazi D. Ke, Gabriella Chan, and Julia van der Hoven

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Genetically modified mouse, medicine.medical_specialty, Transgene, Motor Disorders, Mice, Transgenic, Biology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Atrophy, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Gliosis, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Neurodegeneration, Brain, medicine.disease, Muscle atrophy, Astrogliosis, DNA-Binding Proteins, Muscular Atrophy, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Nerve Degeneration, Neuron, medicine.symptom, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rapidly progressing and fatal disease characterized by muscular atrophy due to loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Pathogenic mutations in the TARDBP gene encoding TAR DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) have been identified in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We have previously reported transgenic mice with neuronal expression of human TDP-43 carrying the pathogenic A315T mutation (iTDP-43A315T mice) using a tetracycline-controlled inducible promotor system. Constitutive expression of transgenic TDP-43A315T in the absence of doxycycline resulted in pronounced early-onset and progressive neurodegeneration, and motor and memory deficits. Here, delayed transgene expression of TDP-43A315T by oral doxycycline treatment of iTDP-43A315T mice from birth till weaning was analyzed. After doxycycline withdrawal, transgenic TDP-43A315T expression gradually increased and resulted in cytoplasmic TDP-43, widespread ubiquitination, and cortical and hippocampal atrophy. In addition, these mice developed motor and gait deficits with underlying muscle atrophy, similar to that observed in the constitutive iTDP-43A315T mice. Surprisingly, in contrast to the constitutive iTDP-43A315T mice, these mice did not develop astrogliosis. In summary, delayed activation coupled with gradual increase in TDP-43A315T expression in the central nervous system of mature mice resulted in progressive functional deficits with neuron and muscle loss, but in the absence of a glial response. This suggests that astrocytosis does not contribute to functional deficits and neuronal loss upon TDP-43A315T expression in mature mice.

Published
2020

24. Contribution of endogenous antibodies to learning deficits and astrocytosis in human P301S mutant tau transgenic mice

Author

Julia van der Hoven, Janet van Eersel, Prita R. Asih, Astrid F. Feiten, Magdalena Przybyla, Yazi D. Ke, Lars M. Ittner, Mehul Gajwani, Arne Ittner, and Annika van Hummel

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Autoimmune diseases, Neuroimmunology, Autoimmunity, medicine.disease_cause, 0302 clinical medicine, Gliosis, Mutation, B-Lymphocytes, Multidisciplinary, biology, Learning Disabilities, Brain, Alzheimer's disease, Pathophysiology, 3. Good health, Experimental models of disease, Medicine, Antibody, Genetically modified mouse, Transgene, Science, Tau protein, Immunology, Adaptive immunity, Mice, Transgenic, tau Proteins, Article, Antibodies, Learning and memory, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal disease models, medicine, Animals, Humans, Autoantibodies, Biological models, Autoantibody, Cellular neuroscience, Disease Models, Animal, Humoral immunity, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein, Neuronal development, Dementia, Astrocytosis, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience
Abstract

Antibodies have been explored extensively as a potential therapeutic for Alzheimer’s disease, where amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and the tau protein deposit in patient brains. While the major focus of antibody-based therapy development was on Aβ, arguably with limited success in clinical trials, targeting tau has become an emerging strategy, possibly extending therapies to dementias with isolated tau pathology. Interestingly, low titres of autoantibodies to pathological tau have been described in humans and transgenic mouse models, but their pathophysiological relevance remained elusive. Here, we used two independent approaches to deplete the B-cell lineage and hence antibody formation in human P301S mutant tau transgenic mice, TAU58/2. TAU58/2 mice were either crossed with the B-cell-deficient Ighm knockout line (muMT−/−) or treated with anti-CD20 antibodies that target B-cell precursors. In both models, B-cell depletion significantly reduced astrocytosis in TAU58/2 mice. Only when B-cells were absent throughout life, in TAU58/2.muMT−/− mice, were spatial learning deficits moderately aggravated while motor performance improved as compared to B-cell-competent TAU58/2 mice. This was associated with changes in brain region-specific tau solubility. No other relevant behavioural or neuropathological changes were observed in TAU58/2 mice in the absence of B-cells/antibodies. Taken together, our data suggests that the presence of antibodies throughout life contributes to astrocytosis in TAU58/2 mice and limits learning deficits, while other deficits and neuropathological changes appear to be independent of the presence of B-cells/antibodies.

Published
2020

25. Reduction of advanced tau-mediated memory deficits by the MAP kinase p38γ

Author

Lars M. Ittner, Yazi D. Ke, Amanda R. P. Tan, Kristie Stefanoska, Prita R. Asih, Fabien Delerue, Josefine Bertz, Emmanuel Prikas, Arne Ittner, Yijun Lin, and Alexander M. Volkerling

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Genetically modified mouse, biology, Kinase, Tau protein, Hyperphosphorylation, Impaired memory, Neuroprotection, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, mental disorders, biology.protein, Memory impairment, Phosphorylation, Neurology (clinical), Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Hyperphosphorylation of the neuronal tau protein contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) by promoting tau pathology and neuronal and cognitive deficits. In contrast, we have previously shown that site-specific tau phosphorylation can inhibit toxic signals induced by amyloid-β (Aβ) in mouse models. The post-synaptic mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase p38γ mediates this site-specific phosphorylation on tau at Threonine-205 (T205). Using a gene therapeutic approach, we draw on this neuroprotective mechanism to improve memory in two Aβ-dependent mouse models of AD at stages when advanced memory deficits are present. Increasing activity of post-synaptic kinase p38γ that targets T205 in tau reduced memory deficits in symptomatic Aβ-induced AD models. Reconstitution experiments with wildtype human tau or phosphorylation-deficient tauT205A showed that T205 modification is critical for downstream effects of p38γ that prevent memory impairment in APP-transgenic mice. Furthermore, genome editing of the T205 codon in the murine Mapt gene showed that this single side chain in endogenous tau critically modulates memory deficits in APP-transgenic Alzheimer's mice. Ablating the protective effect of p38γ activity by genetic p38γ deletion in a tau transgenic mouse model that expresses non-pathogenic tau rendered tau toxic and resulted in impaired memory function in the absence of human Aβ. Thus, we propose that modulating neuronal p38γ activity serves as an intrinsic tau-dependent therapeutic approach to augment compromised cognition in advanced dementia.

Published
2020

26. SEGMENTATION OF APPLE POINT CLOUDS BASED ON ROI IN RGB IMAGES

Author

Zheng ChanGe, Zhang YuanXi, Tian Ye, Zhao Dong, D. Ke, and Gao Po

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Computer science, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Point cloud, Image processing, 02 engineering and technology, Automation, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, RGB color model, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer vision, Segmentation, Artificial intelligence, business, Food Science
Abstract

Autonomous harvesting and evaluation of apples reduce the labour cost. Segmentation of apple point clouds from consumer-grade RGB-D camera is the most important and challenging step in the harvesting process due to the complex structure of apple trees. This paper put forward a segmentation method of apple point clouds based on regions of interest (ROI) in RGB images. Firstly, an annotated RGB dataset of apple trees was built and applied to train the optimized Faster R-CNN to locate ROI containing apples in RGB images. Secondly, the relationship between RGB images and depth images was built to roughly segment the apple point clouds by ROI. Finally, the quality control procedure (QCP) was proposed to improve the quality of segmented apple point clouds. Images for training mainly included two lighting condition, two colours and three apple varieties in orchard, making this method more suitable for practical applications. QCP performed well in filtering noise points and achieved Purity as 96.7% and 96.2% for red and green apples, respectively. Through the comparison method, experimental results indicated that the segmentation method based on ROI is more effective and accurate for red and green apples in orchard. The segmentation method of point clouds based on ROI has great potential for segmentation of point clouds in unstructured scenes.

Published
2019

27. The Nature of Diamino Linker and Halogen Bonding Define Selectivity of Pyrrolopyrimidine-Based LIMK1 Inhibitors

Author

Daryl Ariawan, Carol Au, Esmeralda Paric, Thomas Fath, Yazi D. Ke, Michael Kassiou, Janet van Eersel, and Lars M. Ittner

Subjects
LIMK, Chemistry, actin cytoskeleton, kinase inhibitor, General Chemistry, cofilin phosphorylation, QD1-999, Original Research, SAR
Abstract

The LIM-domain kinase (LIMK) family consists of two isoforms, LIMK1 and LIMK2, which are highly homologous, making selective inhibitor development challenging. LIMK regulates dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, thereby impacting many cellular functions including cell morphology and motility. Here, we designed and synthesised analogues of a known pyrrolopyrimidine LIMK inhibitor with moderate selectivity for LIMK1 over LIMK2 to gain insights into which features contribute to both activity and selectivity. We incorporated a different stereochemistry around a cyclohexyl central moiety to achieve better selectivity for different LIMK isoforms. Inhibitory activity was assessed by kinase assays, and biological effects in cells were determined using an in vitro wound closure assay. Interestingly, a slight change in stereochemistry alters LIMK isoform selectivity. Finally, a docking study was performed to predict how the new compounds interact with the target.

Published
2021

28. The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and the orthoreovirus p15 cause neuronal and glial fusion

Author

Ann-Na Cho, Lars M. Ittner, Massimo A. Hilliard, Frederic A. Meunier, Md. Asrafuzzaman Riyadh, Emilija Robinson, Yazi D. Ke, Ramón Martínez-Mármol, Giuseppe Balistreri, Rosina Giordano-Santini, and Eva Kaulich

Subjects
Nervous system, 0303 health sciences, Syncytium, biology, Neurite, viruses, biology.organism_classification, Embryonic stem cell, 3. Good health, Cell biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immune system, Viral envelope, Viral replication, medicine, Orthoreovirus, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

Numerous enveloped viruses use specialized surface molecules called fusogens to enter host cells1. During virus replication, these fusogens decorate the host cells membrane enabling them the ability to fuse with neighboring cells, forming syncytia that the viruses use to propagate while evading the immune system. Many of these viruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), infect the brain and may cause serious neurological symptoms through mechanisms which remain poorly understood2–4. Here we show that expression of either the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein or p15 protein from the baboon orthoreovirus is sufficient to induce fusion between interconnected neurons, as well as between neurons and glial cells. This phenomenon is observed across species, from nematodes to mammals, including human embryonic stem cells-derived neurons and brain organoids. We show that fusion events are progressive, can occur between distant neurites, and lead to the formation of multicellular syncytia. Finally, we reveal that in addition to intracellular molecules, fusion events allow diffusion and movement of large organelles such as mitochondria between fused neurons. Our results provide important mechanistic insights into how SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses could affect the nervous system circuitries causing neurological symptoms.

Published
2021

29. Low to moderate dose 137Cs (γ) radiation promotes M2 type macrophage skewing and reduces atherosclerotic plaque CD68+ cell content in ApoE(−/−) mice

Author

N. Rey, T. Ebrahimian, C. Gloaguen, D. Kereselidze, E. Christelle, C. Brizais, F. Bachelot, G. Riazi, V. Monceau, C. Demarquay, I. Garali Zineddine, D. Klokov, S. Lehoux, and Teni G. Ebrahimian

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The effects of low doses of ionizing radiation on atherosclerosis remain uncertain, particularly as regards the generation of pro- or anti-inflammatory responses, and the time scale at which such effects can occur following irradiation. To explore these phenomena, we exposed atheroprone ApoE(−/−) mice to a single dose of 0, 0.05, 0.5 or 1 Gy of 137Cs (γ) administered at a 10.35 mGy min−1 dose rate and evaluated short-term (1–10 days) and long-term consequences (100 days). Bone marrow-derived macrophages were derived from mice 1 day after exposure. Irradiation was associated with a significant skewing of M0 and M2 polarized macrophages towards the M2 phenotype, as demonstrated by an increased mRNA expression of Retnla, Arg1, and Chil3 in cells from mice exposed to 0.5 or 1 Gy compared with non-irradiated animals. Minimal effects were noted in M1 cells or M1 marker mRNA. Concurrently, we observed a reduced secretion of IL-1β but enhanced IL-10 release from M0 and M2 macrophages. Effects of irradiation on circulating monocytes were most marked at day 10 post-exposure, when the 1 Gy dose was associated with enhanced numbers of both Ly6CHigh and Ly6Low cells. By day 100, levels of circulating monocytes in irradiated and non-irradiated mice were equivalent, but anti-inflammatory Ly6CLow monocytes were significantly increased in the spleen of mice exposed to 0.05 or 1 Gy. Long term exposures did not affect atherosclerotic plaque size or lipid content, as determined by Oil red O staining, whatever the dose applied. Similarly, irradiation did not affect atherosclerotic plaque collagen or smooth muscle cell content. However, we found that lesion CD68+ cell content tended to decrease with rising doses of radioactivity exposure, culminating in a significant reduction of plaque macrophage content at 1 Gy. Taken together, our results show that short- and long-term exposures to low to moderate doses of ionizing radiation drive an anti-inflammatory response, skewing bone marrow-derived macrophages towards an IL-10-secreting M2 phenotype and decreasing plaque macrophage content. These results suggest a low-grade athero-protective effect of low and moderate doses of ionizing radiation.

Published
2024
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30. Forest/rural road network detection and condition monitoring based on satellite imagery and deep semantic segmentation

Author

D. Kelesakis, K. Marthoglou, E. Tokmaktsi, E. Tsiros, A. Karteris, A. Stergiadou, G. Kolkos, P. Daras, and N. Grammalidis

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

Sustainable forest and emergency management require comprehensive data on the forest road network and its condition. This paper presents the final framework of the INFOROAD project (https://inforoad.karteco.gr/), which integrates cutting-edge remote sensing and machine learning technologies for automated periodic extraction and monitoring of the forest road network. The framework includes gravel road extraction, road graph extraction, and gravel road condition monitoring, with a focus on the periurban forest in Thessaloniki. The road extraction employs the U-TAE network architecture, with a proposed modification using inverted residual blocks for improved accuracy. Road graph extraction involves creating a graph from road segmentation output or OSM data, enabling efficient road segment analysis. Gravel-road width calculation utilizes road segmentation results and a series of image processing steps, while road condition monitoring employs ML/AI classification algorithms. Worldview 3 high-resolution satellite images and various auxiliary data sources (e.g. DEM) are used as input, including field measurements for the training of classification algorithms. Results showcase the effectiveness of the proposed framework, with gravel road extraction accuracy improved by the modified U-TAE model. Regarding gravel road condition monitoring, algorithms achieving satisfactory results are identified, despite the challenges that arise, due to the significant surface and texture variations in forest and agricultural roads. A WebGIS platform facilitates information presentation, user interaction, and management of geospatial information, supporting various functionalities such as layer management and spatial data visualization. The INFOROAD project represents a significant advancement in leveraging technology for sustainable forest road management and emergency preparedness. Future steps may involve further enhancements and adaptations for improvement of results.

Published
2024
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31. Simultaneous rift-scale inflation of a deep crustal sill network in Afar, East Africa

Author

A. La Rosa, C. Pagli, H. Wang, F. Sigmundsson, V. Pinel, and D. Keir

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Decades of studies at divergent plate margins have revealed networks of magmatic sills at the crust-mantle boundary. However, a lack of direct observations of deep magma motion limits our understanding of magma inflow from the mantle into the lower crust and the mechanism of sill formation. Here, satellite geodesy reveals rift-scale deformation caused by magma inflow in the deep crust in the Afar rift (East Africa). Simultaneous inflation of four sills, laterally separated by 10s of km and at depths ranging 9–28 km, caused uplift across a ~ 100-km-wide zone, suggesting the sills are linked to a common mantle source. Our results show the supply of magma into the lower crust is temporally episodic, occurring across a network of sills. This process reflects inherent instability of melt migration through porous mantle flow and may be the fundamental process that builds the thick igneous crust beneath magmatic rifts and rifted margins globally.

Published
2024
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32. Modeling the effects of tropospheric ozone on the growth and yield of global staple crops with DSSAT v4.8.0

Author

J. R. Guarin, J. Jägermeyr, E. A. Ainsworth, F. A. A. Oliveira, S. Asseng, K. Boote, J. Elliott, L. Emberson, I. Foster, G. Hoogenboom, D. Kelly, A. C. Ruane, and K. Sharps

Subjects
Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Elevated surface ozone (O3) concentrations can negatively impact growth and development of crop production by reducing photosynthesis and accelerating leaf senescence. Under unabated climate change, future global O3 concentrations are expected to increase in many regions, adding additional challenges to global agricultural production. Presently, few global process-based crop models consider the effects of O3 stress on crop growth. Here, we incorporated the effects of O3 stress on photosynthesis and leaf senescence into the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) crop models for maize, rice, soybean, and wheat. The advanced models reproduced the reported yield declines from observed O3-dose field experiments and O3 exposure responses reported in the literature (O3 relative yield loss RMSE % across all calibrated models). Simulated crop yields decreased as daily O3 concentrations increased above 25 ppb, with average yield losses of 0.16 % to 0.82 % (maize), 0.05 % to 0.63 % (rice), 0.36 % to 0.96 % (soybean), and 0.26 % to 1.23 % (wheat) per ppb O3 increase, depending on the cultivar O3 sensitivity. Increased water deficit stress and elevated CO2 lessen the negative impact of elevated O3 on crop yield, but potential yield gains from CO2 concentration increases may be counteracted by higher O3 concentrations in the future, a potentially important constraint to global change projections for the latest process-based crop models. The improved DSSAT models with O3 representation simulate the effects of O3 stress on crop growth and yield in interaction with other growth factors and can be run in the parallel DSSAT global gridded modeling framework for future studies on O3 impacts under climate change and air pollution scenarios across agroecosystems globally.

Published
2024
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33. TREM2 Limits Progression of Deficits and Spreading of Tau Pathology in Mice

Author

Lars M. Ittner, Astrid F. Feiten, Bradley T. Hyman, Troy A. Butler, Amer Toutonji, Annika van Hummel, Yuanyuan Deng, Magdalena Przybyla, Julia van der Hoven, Carsten Krieg, Carol G. Au, Silvia Guglietta, Yazi D. Ke, Fabien Delerue, Fiona Bright, and Susanne Wegmann

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Tau pathology, business.industry, TREM2, mental disorders, Medicine, business
Abstract

Background. Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau form pathogenic lesions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains. As ΑD clinically progresses, tau pathology propagates in a very distinct pattern between connected brain areas. The molecular mechanisms underlying this tau pathology spread remain largely unknown. Genome-wide association studies have identified polymorphisms in triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 ( TREM2 ) as genetic risk factors for AD and regulators of Aβ pathology-dependent tau propagation. Whether TREM2 contributes to neuron-to-neuron spreading of pathological tau remains unknown.Methods. Here, we crossed Trem2- deficient mice with P301S tau transgenic TAU58 mice and subjected the mice to behavioral testing and assessed neuropathology. Microglial activation states were determined using cytometry by of flight (CyTOF) and quantitative PCR. Tau spreading was assessed in vivo using tracing of focal tau expression.Results. Trem2 depletion significantly aggravated tau-induced early-onset motor and behavioural deficits. Neuropathologically, Trem2 reduction increased the number of hyperphosphorylated tau lesions in young TAU58 brains and reduced disease-associated microglia. Direct assessment of inter-neuronal spread of tau in vivo revealed significantly enhanced propagation of tau in the absence of Trem2 , suggesting that microglial TREM2 limits the progression of tau pathology in disease.Conclusion. Taken together, our data suggests that reduced TREM2 function accelerates the onset and progression of functional deficits and tau neuropathology in tau transgenic mice, which is - at least in part - due to increased tau spreading. Therefore, reduced TREM2 function may contribute to early AD by augmenting tau toxicity and its inter-neuronal propagation.

Published
2021

34. Overexpression of Tropomyosin Isoform Tpm3.1 Does Not Alter Synaptic Function in Hippocampal Neurons

Author

Lucy Gamaroff, Tamara Tomanic, Alexandra K Suchowerska, Chanchanok Chaichim, Holly Stefen, John M. Power, Esmeralda Paric, Yazi D. Ke, Thomas Fath, and Peter W. Gunning

Subjects
Male, Dendritic spine, actin cytoskeleton, QH301-705.5, Dendritic Spines, Neurogenesis, Tropomyosin, Neurotransmission, Hippocampal formation, Hippocampus, Catalysis, Article, Inorganic Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Postsynaptic potential, synapse function, Animals, Protein Isoforms, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Biology (General), Growth cone, Molecular Biology, QD1-999, Spectroscopy, Cells, Cultured, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Neuronal Plasticity, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, General Medicine, Actin cytoskeleton, Computer Science Applications, Cell biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Synaptic plasticity, Synapses, Excitatory postsynaptic potential, Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Tropomyosin (Tpm) has been regarded as the master regulator of actin dynamics. Tpms regulate the binding of the various proteins involved in restructuring actin. The actin cytoskeleton is the predominant cytoskeletal structure in dendritic spines. Its regulation is critical for spine formation and long-term activity-dependent changes in synaptic strength. The Tpm isoform Tpm3.1 is enriched in dendritic spines, but its role in regulating the synapse structure and function is not known. To determine the role of Tpm3.1, we studied the synapse structure and function of cultured hippocampal neurons from transgenic mice overexpressing Tpm3.1. We recorded hippocampal field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) from brain slices to examine if Tpm3.1 overexpression alters long-term synaptic plasticity. Tpm3.1-overexpressing cultured neurons did not show a significantly altered dendritic spine morphology or synaptic activity. Similarly, we did not observe altered synaptic transmission or plasticity in brain slices. Furthermore, expression of Tpm3.1 at the postsynaptic compartment does not increase the local F-actin levels. The results suggest that although Tpm3.1 localises to dendritic spines in cultured hippocampal neurons, it does not have any apparent impact on dendritic spine morphology or function. This is contrary to the functional role of Tpm3.1 previously observed at the tip of growing neurites, where it increases the F-actin levels and impacts growth cone dynamics.

Published
2021

35. Differential mitochondrial protein interaction profile between human translocator protein and its A147T polymorphism variant

Author

Michael Kassiou, Yazi D. Ke, Lars M. Ittner, A. Plojak, and Prita R. Asih

Subjects
YWHAQ, Multidisciplinary, Polymorphism, Genetic, biology, Immunoprecipitation, Chemistry, Mitochondrion, Ligands, Transmembrane protein, Cell biology, Mitochondria, Mitochondrial Proteins, Downregulation and upregulation, Receptors, GABA, Translocator protein, biology.protein, Humans, Inner mitochondrial membrane, Neuroinflammation
Abstract

The translocator protein (TSPO) has been implicated in mitochondrial transmembrane cholesterol transport, brain inflammation, and other mitochondrial functions. It is upregulated in glial cells during neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease. High affinity TSPO imaging radioligands are utilized to visualize neuroinflammation. However, this is hampered by the common A147T polymorphism which compromises ligand binding. Furthermore, this polymorphism has been linked to increased risk of neuropsychiatric disorders, and possibly reduces TSPO protein stability. Here, we used immunoprecipitation coupled to mass-spectrometry (IP-MS) to establish a mitochondrial protein binding profile of wild-type (WT) TSPO and the A147T polymorphism variant. Using mitochondria from human glial cells expressing either WT or A147T TSPO, we identified 30 WT TSPO binding partners, yet only 23 for A147T TSPO. Confirming that A147T polymorphism of the TSPO might confer loss of function, we found that one of the identified interactors of WT TSPO, 14-3-3 theta (YWHAQ), a protein involved in regulating mitochondrial membrane proteins, interacts much less with A147T TSPO. Our data presents a network of mitochondrial interactions of TSPO and its A147T polymorphism variant in human glial cells and indicate functional relevance of A147T in mitochondrial protein networks.

Published
2021

36. CNS cell type–specific gene profiling of P301S tau transgenic mice identifies genes dysregulated by progressive tau accumulation

Author

Arne Ittner, Glenda M. Halliday, Mian Bi, John R. Hodges, Matthew C. Kiernan, Astrid F. Feiten, Michael Kassiou, Jillian J. Kril, Yazi D. Ke, Gabriella Chan, Clement T. Loy, Julius Muller, Olivier Piguet, Lars M. Ittner, Greg T. Sutherland, Carol G. Au, John S. Mattick, Magdalena Przybyla, Kristie Stefanoska, and Emmanuel Prikas

Subjects
Central Nervous System, 0301 basic medicine, Genetically modified mouse, Cell type, Central nervous system, Tau protein, Mice, Transgenic, tau Proteins, Biochemistry, Progressive supranuclear palsy, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Neurobiology, Alzheimer Disease, mental disorders, Gene expression, medicine, Animals, Humans, Corticobasal degeneration, Molecular Biology, Neurons, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, biology, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Brain, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Cell biology, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Gene Expression Regulation, Tauopathies, Frontotemporal Dementia, biology.protein, Immunostaining
Abstract

The microtubule-associated protein tau undergoes aberrant modification resulting in insoluble brain deposits in various neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD), progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration. Tau aggregates can form in different cell types of the central nervous system (CNS) but are most prevalent in neurons. We have previously recapitulated aspects of human FTD in mouse models by overexpressing mutant human tau in CNS neurons, including a P301S tau variant in TAU58/2 mice, characterized by early-onset and progressive behavioral deficits and FTD-like neuropathology. The molecular mechanisms underlying the functional deficits of TAU58/2 mice remain mostly elusive. Here, we employed functional genomics (i.e. RNAseq) to determine differentially expressed genes in young and aged TAU58/2 mice to identify alterations in cellular processes that may contribute to neuropathy. We identified genes in cortical brain samples differentially regulated between young and old TAU58/2 mice relative to nontransgenic littermates and by comparative analysis with a dataset of CNS cell type–specific genes expressed in nontransgenic mice. Most differentially-regulated genes had known or putative roles in neurons and included presynaptic and excitatory genes. Specifically, we observed changes in presynaptic factors, glutamatergic signaling, and protein scaffolding. Moreover, in the aged mice, expression levels of several genes whose expression was annotated to occur in other brain cell types were altered. Immunoblotting and immunostaining of brain samples from the TAU58/2 mice confirmed altered expression and localization of identified and network-linked proteins. Our results have revealed genes dysregulated by progressive tau accumulation in an FTD mouse model.

Published
2019

37. Rapid initiation of cell cycle reentry processes protects neurons from amyloid-β toxicity

Author

Astrid F. Feiten, Nikolas K. Haass, Esmeralda Paric, Yazi D. Ke, Yuanyuan Deng, Annika van Hummel, Gabriella Chan, Sook Wern Chua, Lars M. Ittner, Celine Heu, Julia van der Hoven, Thomas Fath, and Stefania Ippati

Subjects
Programmed cell death, Cell Survival, Transgene, Endogeny, Mice, Transgenic, 03 medical and health sciences, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Ubiquitin, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, Neurons, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Amyloid beta-Peptides, biology, Cell Cycle, Geminin, Reentry, Cell cycle, Biological Sciences, Cell biology, Disease Models, Animal, nervous system, Toxicity, biology.protein, Disease Susceptibility, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers
Abstract

Neurons are postmitotic cells. Reactivation of the cell cycle by neurons has been reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains and models. This gave rise to the hypothesis that reentering the cell cycle renders neurons vulnerable and thus contributes to AD pathogenesis. Here, we use the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) technology to monitor the cell cycle in live neurons. We found transient, self-limited cell cycle reentry activity in naive neurons, suggesting that their postmitotic state is a dynamic process. Furthermore, we observed a diverse response to oligomeric amyloid-β (oAβ) challenge; neurons without cell cycle reentry activity would undergo cell death without activating the FUCCI reporter, while neurons undergoing cell cycle reentry activity at the time of the oAβ challenge could maintain and increase FUCCI reporter signal and evade cell death. Accordingly, we observed marked neuronal FUCCI positivity in the brains of human mutant Aβ precursor protein transgenic (APP23) mice together with increased neuronal expression of the endogenous cell cycle control protein geminin in the brains of 3-mo-old APP23 mice and human AD brains. Taken together, our data challenge the current view on cell cycle in neurons and AD, suggesting that pathways active during early cell cycle reentry in neurons protect from Aβ toxicity.

Published
2021

38. Collision-energy dependence of deuteron cumulants and proton-deuteron correlations in Au+Au collisions at RHIC

Author

M.I. Abdulhamid, B.E. Aboona, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, J.R. Adams, I. Aggarwal, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, E.C. Aschenauer, S. Aslam, J. Atchison, V. Bairathi, J.G. Ball Cap, K. Barish, R. Bellwied, P. Bhagat, A. Bhasin, S. Bhatta, S.R. Bhosale, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J.D. Brandenburg, C. Broodo, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, D. Cebra, J. Ceska, I. Chakaberia, P. Chaloupka, B.K. Chan, Z. Chang, A. Chatterjee, D. Chen, J. Chen, J.H. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, Y. Cheng, S. Choudhury, W. Christie, X. Chu, H.J. Crawford, M. Csanád, G. Dale-Gau, A. Das, I.M. Deppner, A. Dhamija, P. Dixit, X. Dong, J.L. Drachenberg, E. Duckworth, J.C. Dunlop, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, R. Fatemi, S. Fazio, C.J. Feng, Y. Feng, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, F.A. Flor, C. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, T. Galatyuk, T. Gao, F. Geurts, N. Ghimire, A. Gibson, K. Gopal, X. Gou, D. Grosnick, A. Gupta, W. Guryn, A. Hamed, Y. Han, S. Harabasz, M.D. Harasty, J.W. Harris, H. Harrison-Smith, W. He, X.H. He, Y. He, N. Herrmann, L. Holub, C. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, H. Huang, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, T. Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, T.J. Humanic, M. Isshiki, W.W. Jacobs, A. Jalotra, C. Jena, A. Jentsch, Y. Ji, J. Jia, C. Jin, X. Ju, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, D. Kalinkin, K. Kang, D. Kapukchyan, K. Kauder, D. Keane, A. Khanal, Y.V. Khyzhniak, D.P. Kikoła, D. Kincses, I. Kisel, A. Kiselev, A.G. Knospe, H.S. Ko, L.K. Kosarzewski, L. Kumar, M.C. Labonte, R. Lacey, J.M. Landgraf, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, J.H. Lee, Y.H. Leung, N. Lewis, C. Li, D. Li, H-S. Li, H. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, R. Licenik, T. Lin, Y. Lin, M.A. Lisa, C. Liu, G. Liu, H. Liu, L. Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, O. Lomicky, R.S. Longacre, E.M. Loyd, T. Lu, J. Luo, X.F. Luo, L. Ma, R. Ma, Y.G. Ma, N. Magdy, D. Mallick, R. Manikandhan, S. Margetis, C. Markert, H.S. Matis, G. McNamara, O. Mezhanska, K. Mi, S. Mioduszewski, B. Mohanty, M.M. Mondal, I. Mooney, M.I. Nagy, A.S. Nain, J.D. Nam, M. Nasim, D. Neff, J.M. Nelson, D.B. Nemes, M. Nie, G. Nigmatkulov, T. Niida, T. Nonaka, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, S. Oh, K. Okubo, B.S. Page, R. Pak, S. Pal, A. Pandav, T. Pani, A. Paul, B. Pawlik, D. Pawlowska, C. Perkins, J. Pluta, B.R. Pokhrel, M. Posik, T. Protzman, V. Prozorova, N.K. Pruthi, M. Przybycien, J. Putschke, Z. Qin, H. Qiu, C. Racz, S.K. Radhakrishnan, A. Rana, R.L. Ray, R. Reed, H.G. Ritter, C.W. Robertson, M. Robotkova, M.A. Rosales Aguilar, D. Roy, P. Roy Chowdhury, L. Ruan, A.K. Sahoo, N.R. Sahoo, H. Sako, S. Salur, S. Sato, B.C. Schaefer, W.B. Schmidke, N. Schmitz, F-J. Seck, J. Seger, R. Seto, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, P.V. Shanmuganathan, T. Shao, M. Sharma, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, S.R. Sharma, A.I. Sheikh, D. Shen, D.Y. Shen, K. Shen, S.S. Shi, Y. Shi, Q.Y. Shou, F. Si, J. Singh, S. Singha, P. Sinha, M.J. Skoby, N. Smirnov, Y. Söhngen, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T.D.S. Stanislaus, M. Stefaniak, D.J. Stewart, B. Stringfellow, Y. Su, A.A.P. Suaide, M. Sumbera, C. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, B. Surrow, Z.W. Sweger, A.C. Tamis, A.H. Tang, Z. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, D. Tlusty, T. Todoroki, S. Trentalange, P. Tribedy, S.K. Tripathy, T. Truhlar, B.A. Trzeciak, O.D. Tsai, C.Y. Tsang, Z. Tu, J. Tyler, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, I. Upsal, G. Van Buren, J. Vanek, I. Vassiliev, V. Verkest, F. Videbæk, S.A. Voloshin, F. Wang, G. Wang, J.S. Wang, J. Wang, K. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, J.C. Webb, P.C. Weidenkaff, G.D. Westfall, D. Wielanek, H. Wieman, G. Wilks, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wu, X. Wu, B. Xi, Z.G. Xiao, G. Xie, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, G. Yan, Z. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, Y. Yu, H. Zbroszczyk, W. Zha, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, J. Zhou, S. Zhou, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, M. Zurek, and M. Zyzak

Subjects
Heavy-ion collisions, Deuteron production, Coalescence, Thermal model, Higher moments, Critical point, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We report the first measurements of cumulants, up to 4th order, of deuteron number distributions and proton-deuteron correlations in Au+Au collisions recorded by the STAR experiment in phase-I of Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Deuteron cumulants, their ratios, and proton-deuteron mixed cumulants are presented for different collision centralities covering a range of center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN=7.7 to 200 GeV. It is found that the cumulant ratios at lower collision energies favor a canonical ensemble over a grand canonical ensemble in thermal models. An anti-correlation between proton and deuteron multiplicity is observed across all collision energies and centralities, consistent with the expectation from global baryon number conservation. The UrQMD model coupled with a phase-space coalescence mechanism qualitatively reproduces the collision-energy dependence of cumulant ratios and proton-deuteron correlations.

Published
2024
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39. Extensor Retinaculum Syndrome of the Ankle: An Adult Case Series

Author

Bradley Carlson MD, MBA, DuWayne Carlson MD, FAAOS, Tadiwanashe Chirongoma BA, and D. Kevin Scheid MD, FAAOS

Subjects
Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract

Background: Extensor retinaculum syndrome (ERS) is a relatively rarely diagnosed compartment syndrome-like entity caused by elevated pressures in the tissues deep to the superior extensor retinaculum (SER). ERS is identified as out-of-proportion anterior ankle pain, pain with passive toe plantarflexion, elevated SER pressures (>40 mm Hg), and ultimately toe extension weakness and first web space numbness. Although previously described in a pediatric population, this case series is the first to our knowledge in an adult population. Methods: Seven nonconsecutive cases over 18 years from 2 surgeons are reported who underwent complete SER release for ERS either through the direct lateral approach to the fibula or the anterolateral approach to the distal tibia. All were associated with traumatic injuries including 3 bimalleolar ankle fractures, 3 tibial pilon fractures, and 1 distal tibial/fibular shaft fracture. All patients developed writhing anterior ankle pain worsened with passive toe plantarflexion. SER compartment pressures ranged from 50 to >135 mm Hg. Five cases displayed decreased first web space sensation. Results: The diminished or absent first web space sensation uniformly improved post-release. Complications included 1 patient with complex regional pain syndrome type 1, 1 patient required hardware removal, and 2 had persistent but improved first web space sensation changes. Conclusion: Clinical suspicion for possible ERS should arise after distal tibial/fibular fractures when the excruciating pain localizes to the ankle instead of the classic anterior leg muscle bellies. If pain is worsened with passive toe plantarflexion, this diagnosis should be considered. Recommended treatment involves complete release of the SER anywhere on the anterior surface between the tibia and fibula depending on the approach needed for fixation of the associated fracture. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.

Published
2024
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41. Upper limit on the chiral magnetic effect in isobar collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider

Author

M. I. Abdulhamid, B. E. Aboona, J. Adam, J. R. Adams, G. Agakishiev, I. Aggarwal, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, A. Aitbaev, I. Alekseev, E. Alpatov, A. Aparin, S. Aslam, J. Atchison, G. S. Averichev, V. Bairathi, J. G. Ball Cap, K. Barish, P. Bhagat, A. Bhasin, S. Bhatta, S. R. Bhosale, I. G. Bordyuzhin, J. D. Brandenburg, A. V. Brandin, C. Broodo, X. Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, D. Cebra, J. Ceska, I. Chakaberia, B. K. Chan, Z. Chang, A. Chatterjee, D. Chen, J. Chen, J. H. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, Y. Cheng, S. Choudhury, W. Christie, X. Chu, H. J. Crawford, G. Dale-Gau, A. Das, T. G. Dedovich, I. M. Deppner, A. A. Derevschikov, A. Dhamija, P. Dixit, X. Dong, J. L. Drachenberg, E. Duckworth, J. C. Dunlop, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, R. Fatemi, S. Fazio, C. J. Feng, Y. Feng, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, F. A. Flor, C. Fu, T. Gao, F. Geurts, N. Ghimire, A. Gibson, K. Gopal, X. Gou, D. Grosnick, A. Gupta, A. Hamed, Y. Han, M. D. Harasty, J. W. Harris, H. Harrison-Smith, W. He, X. H. He, Y. He, C. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, H. Huang, H. Z. Huang, S. L. Huang, T. Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, T. J. Humanic, M. Isshiki, W. W. Jacobs, A. Jalotra, C. Jena, Y. Ji, J. Jia, C. Jin, X. Ju, E. G. Judd, S. Kabana, D. Kalinkin, K. Kang, D. Kapukchyan, K. Kauder, D. Keane, A. Kechechyan, A. Khanal, A. Kiselev, A. G. Knospe, H. S. Ko, L. Kochenda, A. A. Korobitsin, A. Yu. Kraeva, P. Kravtsov, L. Kumar, M. C. Labonte, R. Lacey, J. M. Landgraf, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, J. H. Lee, Y. H. Leung, N. Lewis, C. Li, D. Li, H-S. Li, H. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, T. Lin, Y. Lin, C. Liu, G. Liu, H. Liu, L. Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, O. Lomicky, R. S. Longacre, E. M. Loyd, T. Lu, J. Luo, X. F. Luo, V. B. Luong, L. Ma, R. Ma, Y. G. Ma, N. Magdy, R. Manikandhan, S. Margetis, H. S. Matis, G. McNamara, O. Mezhanska, K. Mi, N. G. Minaev, B. Mohanty, M. M. Mondal, I. Mooney, D. A. Morozov, A. Mudrokh, M. I. Nagy, A. S. Nain, J. D. Nam, M. Nasim, E. Nedorezov, D. Neff, J. M. Nelson, D. B. Nemes, M. Nie, G. Nigmatkulov, T. Niida, L. V. Nogach, T. Nonaka, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, S. Oh, V. A. Okorokov, K. Okubo, B. S. Page, R. Pak, S. Pal, A. Pandav, A. K. Pandey, Y. Panebratsev, T. Pani, P. Parfenov, A. Paul, C. Perkins, B. R. Pokhrel, M. Posik, A. Povarov, T. Protzman, N. K. Pruthi, J. Putschke, Z. Qin, H. Qiu, C. Racz, S. K. Radhakrishnan, A. Rana, R. L. Ray, H. G. Ritter, C. W. Robertson, O. V. Rogachevsky, M. A. Rosales Aguilar, D. Roy, L. Ruan, A. K. Sahoo, N. R. Sahoo, H. Sako, S. Salur, E. Samigullin, S. Sato, B. C. Schaefer, W. B. Schmidke, N. Schmitz, J. Seger, R. Seto, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, E. Shahaliev, P. V. Shanmuganathan, T. Shao, M. Sharma, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, S. R. Sharma, A. I. Sheikh, D. Shen, D. Y. Shen, K. Shen, S. S. Shi, Y. Shi, Q. Y. Shou, F. Si, J. Singh, S. Singha, P. Sinha, M. J. Skoby, Y. Söhngen, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T. D. S. Stanislaus, D. J. Stewart, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, Y. Su, C. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, B. Surrow, D. N. Svirida, Z. W. Sweger, A. C. Tamis, A. H. Tang, Z. Tang, A. Taranenko, T. Tarnowsky, J. H. Thomas, D. Tlusty, T. Todoroki, M. V. Tokarev, S. Trentalange, P. Tribedy, O. D. Tsai, C. Y. Tsang, Z. Tu, J. Tyler, T. Ullrich, D. G. Underwood, I. Upsal, G. Van Buren, A. N. Vasiliev, V. Verkest, F. Videbæk, S. Vokal, S. A. Voloshin, F. Wang, G. Wang, J. S. Wang, J. Wang, K. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, J. C. Webb, P. C. Weidenkaff, G. D. Westfall, H. Wieman, G. Wilks, S. W. Wissink, J. Wu, X. Wu, Wu X., B. Xi, Z. G. Xiao, G. Xie, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, G. Yan, Z. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, Y. Yu, W. Zha, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, J. Zhou, S. Zhou, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, M. Zurek, and M. Zyzak

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The chiral magnetic effect (CME) is a phenomenon that arises from the QCD anomaly in the presence of an external magnetic field. The experimental search for its evidence has been one of the key goals of the physics program of the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. The STAR Collaboration has previously presented the results of a blind analysis of isobar collisions (_{44}^{96}Ru+_{44}^{96}Ru, _{40}^{96}Zr+_{40}^{96}Zr) in the search for the CME. The isobar ratio (Y) of CME-sensitive observable, charge separation scaled by elliptic anisotropy, is close to but systematically larger than the inverse multiplicity ratio, the naive background baseline. This indicates the potential existence of a CME signal and the presence of remaining nonflow background due to two- and three-particle correlations, which are different between the isobars. In this postblind analysis, we estimate the contributions from those nonflow correlations as a background baseline to Y, utilizing the isobar data as well as Heavy Ion Jet Interaction Generator simulations. This baseline is found consistent with the isobar ratio measurement, and an upper limit of 10% at 95% confidence level is extracted for the CME fraction in the charge separation measurement in isobar collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV.

Published
2024
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42. Measurements of the Z0/γ⁎ cross section and transverse single spin asymmetry in 510 GeV p + p collisions

Author

M.I. Abdulhamid, B.E. Aboona, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, J.R. Adams, I. Aggarwal, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, E.C. Aschenauer, S. Aslam, J. Atchison, V. Bairathi, J.G. Ball Cap, K. Barish, R. Bellwied, P. Bhagat, A. Bhasin, S. Bhatta, S.R. Bhosale, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J.D. Brandenburg, C. Broodo, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, D. Cebra, J. Ceska, I. Chakaberia, P. Chaloupka, B.K. Chan, Z. Chang, A. Chatterjee, D. Chen, J. Chen, J.H. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, Y. Cheng, S. Choudhury, W. Christie, X. Chu, H.J. Crawford, M. Csanád, G. Dale-Gau, A. Das, I.M. Deppner, A. Dhamija, P. Dixit, X. Dong, J.L. Drachenberg, E. Duckworth, J.C. Dunlop, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, R. Fatemi, S. Fazio, C.J. Feng, Y. Feng, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, F.A. Flor, C. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, T. Galatyuk, T. Gao, F. Geurts, N. Ghimire, A. Gibson, K. Gopal, X. Gou, D. Grosnick, A. Gupta, W. Guryn, A. Hamed, Y. Han, S. Harabasz, M.D. Harasty, J.W. Harris, H. Harrison-Smith, W. He, X.H. He, Y. He, N. Herrmann, L. Holub, C. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, H. Huang, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, T. Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, T.J. Humanic, M. Isshiki, W.W. Jacobs, A. Jalotra, C. Jena, A. Jentsch, Y. Ji, J. Jia, C. Jin, X. Ju, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, D. Kalinkin, K. Kang, D. Kapukchyan, K. Kauder, D. Keane, A. Khanal, Y.V. Khyzhniak, D.P. Kikoła, D. Kincses, I. Kisel, A. Kiselev, A.G. Knospe, H.S. Ko, L.K. Kosarzewski, L. Kumar, M.C. Labonte, R. Lacey, J.M. Landgraf, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, J.H. Lee, Y.H. Leung, N. Lewis, C. Li, D. Li, H.-S. Li, H. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, R. Licenik, T. Lin, Y. Lin, M.A. Lisa, C. Liu, G. Liu, H. Liu, L. Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, O. Lomicky, R.S. Longacre, E.M. Loyd, T. Lu, J. Luo, X.F. Luo, L. Ma, R. Ma, Y.G. Ma, N. Magdy, D. Mallick, R. Manikandhan, S. Margetis, C. Markert, G. McNamara, O. Mezhanska, K. Mi, S. Mioduszewski, B. Mohanty, M.M. Mondal, I. Mooney, J. Mrazkova, M.I. Nagy, A.S. Nain, J.D. Nam, M. Nasim, D. Neff, J.M. Nelson, D.B. Nemes, M. Nie, G. Nigmatkulov, T. Niida, T. Nonaka, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, S. Oh, K. Okubo, B.S. Page, R. Pak, S. Pal, A. Pandav, A.K. Pandey, T. Pani, A. Paul, B. Pawlik, D. Pawlowska, C. Perkins, J. Pluta, B.R. Pokhrel, M. Posik, T. Protzman, V. Prozorova, N.K. Pruthi, M. Przybycien, J. Putschke, Z. Qin, H. Qiu, C. Racz, S.K. Radhakrishnan, A. Rana, R.L. Ray, R. Reed, C.W. Robertson, M. Robotkova, M.A. Rosales Aguilar, D. Roy, P. Roy Chowdhury, L. Ruan, A.K. Sahoo, N.R. Sahoo, H. Sako, S. Salur, S. Sato, B.C. Schaefer, W.B. Schmidke, N. Schmitz, F.-J. Seck, J. Seger, R. Seto, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, P.V. Shanmuganathan, T. Shao, M. Sharma, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, S.R. Sharma, A.I. Sheikh, D. Shen, D.Y. Shen, K. Shen, S.S. Shi, Y. Shi, Q.Y. Shou, F. Si, J. Singh, S. Singha, P. Sinha, M.J. Skoby, N. Smirnov, Y. Söhngen, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T.D.S. Stanislaus, M. Stefaniak, D.J. Stewart, Y. Su, M. Sumbera, C. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, B. Surrow, M. Svoboda, Z.W. Sweger, A.C. Tamis, A.H. Tang, Z. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, D. Tlusty, T. Todoroki, S. Trentalange, P. Tribedy, S.K. Tripathy, T. Truhlar, B.A. Trzeciak, O.D. Tsai, C.Y. Tsang, Z. Tu, J. Tyler, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, I. Upsal, G. Van Buren, J. Vanek, I. Vassiliev, V. Verkest, F. Videbæk, S.A. Voloshin, F. Wang, G. Wang, J.S. Wang, J. Wang, K. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, J.C. Webb, P.C. Weidenkaff, G.D. Westfall, D. Wielanek, H. Wieman, G. Wilks, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wu, X. Wu, B. Xi, Z.G. Xiao, G. Xie, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, G. Yan, Z. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, Y. Yu, H. Zbroszczyk, W. Zha, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, J. Zhou, S. Zhou, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, M. Zurek, and M. Zyzak

Subjects
Z0, Cross section, Transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs), Transverse single spin asymmetry (TSSA, AN), Sivers function, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The differential cross section for Z0 production, measured as a function of the boson's transverse momentum (pT), provides important constraints on the evolution of the transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs). The transverse single spin asymmetry (TSSA) of the Z0 is sensitive to one of the polarized TMDs, the Sivers function, which is predicted to have the opposite sign in p+p →W/Z+X from that which enters in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering. In this Letter, the STAR Collaboration reports the first measurement of the Z0/γ⁎ differential cross section as a function of its pT in p+p collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 510 GeV, together with the Z0/γ⁎ total cross section. We also report the measurement of Z0/γ⁎ TSSA in transversely polarized p+p collisions at 510 GeV.

Published
2024
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44. Sex differences in Alzheimer’s disease animal models

Author

Stefania Ippati, Yazi D. Ke, and Lars M. Ittner

Subjects
Pathogenesis, medicine.medical_specialty, Response to therapy, business.industry, Epidemiology, medicine, Disease, business, Neuroscience, Pathological, A determinant
Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent of all neurodegenerative disorders. Distinct protein inclusions, amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) characterize the AD brain. Several epidemiological studies have shown dissimilarities in AD when sex is considered, which has driven the scientific community, over the years, to consider sex as a determinant factor in AD pathology. Similarly, studies in animal models have been moving forward to investigate the genetic and metabolic basis of sex differences in AD for the development of possible new sex-specific therapeutic strategies. However, sex differences are still poorly understood, and preclinical studies should increasingly consider the relevance of such disparities. So far, most findings have pointed to sex differences in murine transgenic genetic backgrounds and dependently on age. Other studies have found sex-dependent AD pathological hallmarks within different rodent models. Hence, studies aiming to understand AD pathogenesis, diagnostic and prognostic criteria, and response to therapy must include the study of sex. In this chapter, we describe the state of the art behind the sex differences in AD so far, and discuss preclinical aspects considered in these studies.

Published
2021

45. Onset of motor deficits, but not their severity, is augmented by TREM2 reduction in P301S tau transgenic mice

Author

Magdalena Przybyla, Lars M. Ittner, Fabien Delerue, Annika van Hummel, Yuanyuan Deng, Astrid F. Feiten, Julia van der Hoven, and Yazi D. Ke

Subjects
Genetically modified mouse, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, TREM2, business.industry, Health Policy, Reduction (complexity), Psychiatry and Mental health, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Endocrinology, Developmental Neuroscience, Internal medicine, medicine, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, business
Published
2020

46. Enhanced Optical and Infrared Activity of Nanosphere Dimers Attributed to Dimer Geometry

Author

D. Keith Roper, Jin-Woo Kim, Ricardo R. Romo, and Joseph Batta-Mpouma

Subjects
Dimer, discrete dipole approximation, nanoparticle, spectra, infrared, Chemical technology, TP1-1185, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

Enhanced optical and infrared activity of subwavelength metal nanoparticles is key to their use in optoelectronics, spectroscopy, and sensing. The present work compared spectra of nanosphere dimers merged by centrifuging gold nanospheres with corresponding simulated nanoscale dimers. Geometric features of the nanosphere dimers were related to corresponding optical and near-infrared activity through simulation. Differences in optical and infrared activity of the nanosphere dimers were largely attributable to changes in the radius of the nanosphere and the radius of the conductive junction between merged nanospheres. The features observed in the experimental spectra were attributed to a select number of dimers exhibiting predominantly optical and infrared activity, consistent with observations made in the corresponding transmission electron microscope image. The preparation and simulation methods in the present work appear useful to guide design, fabrication, and implementation of sustainably-synthesized nanosphere dimers with desired optical features for optoelectronic, spectroscopic, and sensing applications.

Published
2024
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47. Classification of Cipher Text by Clustering of S-Topological Rough Group

Author

D. Keerthana, V. Visalakshi, Prasanalakshmi Balaji, Omar Alqahtani, and Sangita Babu

Subjects
Rough set thoery, symmetric group, topological group, topological rough group, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

Rough set theory provides valuable tools for handling and analyzing ciphertext, making it a prominent asset in cryptographic applications. Its ability to manage uncertainty and reduce complexity can enhance various aspects of ciphertext management, from pattern recognition, classification to cryptanalysis and security checks. By imposing the principles of rough sets, cryptographic systems can become more robust, efficient, and secure. The fundamental nature of the symmetric group within the context of rough topological groups makes it a powerful tool in both theoretical and applied mathematics. Some cryptographic protocols and coding theories depend on the properties of topological rough symmetric groups for security and error detection or correction. This paper aims to generalize topological rough group structures and investigate their properties. Additionally, an algorithm is established to classify the symmetric group $S_{n}$ , and experimental result is provided to explore the effectiveness of the algorithm. It provides practical tools for analyzing imprecise or incomplete data, benefiting fields such as medical diagnostics, economic forecasting, and geographical information systems.

Published
2024
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48. Ammonia emission factors from cattle production systems in Ireland – a review

Author

M. Y. Owusu-Twum, D. Kelleghan, G. Gleasure, P. Forrestal, G. J. Lanigan, K. G. Richards, and D. J. Krol

Subjects
ammonia, ammonia emission factors, ammonia mitigation, livestock excreta, manure management, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract

Ammonia (NH3) emissions from livestock production contribute to environmental pollution. To address this challenge, the European Union (EU) National Emission Reduction Commitments Directive 2016/2284 (NECD) sets NH3 reduction targets for EU member states. In order to achieve these targets, several strategies have been evaluated under Irish conditions. A compilation of emission factors (EFs) from studies which evaluated these strategies is necessary to assess their effectiveness. This paper reports NH3 EFs from cattle production under Irish conditions. The results from the review show that the mean EFs from the deposition of dung, urine and urea applied to urine patches on grasslands were 4%, 9% and 8% total nitrogen (TN), respectively. EFs from the application of urea to urine patches were reduced by 28% after the addition of the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) to urea. The mean EF of 28% TN reported for urea fertiliser was almost 7 times higher than calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN). The inclusion of urease inhibitors with urea fertilisation on grassland led to EF reduction of up to 86%. The mean EFs from cattle houses, concrete yards, slurry storage pits and slurry landspreading were approximately 13%, 35%, 60% and 59% total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), respectively. The most effective NH3 abatement strategies for concrete yards and slurry storage were immediate cleaning of concrete floors (up to 89% reduction) after excreta deposition and the application of chemical amendments (sulphuric acid, acetic acid, alum and ferric chloride) to slurry in storage pits (up to 98% reduction), respectively. Low-emission spreading strategies and slurry acidification were effective at abating EFs after slurry application to land.

Published
2024
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49. Relationship between seed density, some characteristics of the sowing apparatus and the amount of seed sown

Author

D. Kehayov, I. Zahariev, and I. Bojkov

Subjects
seed density, length of the sowing apparatus, amount of seeds sown, Agriculture
Abstract

Abstract. Grain production provides significant resources for the food industry and animal husbandry. One of the most important moments in the cultivation of cereals is the planting of seeds in the soil. The sowing process is influenced by many factors. This study examines the impact of two such factors: seed density and the length of the sowing apparatus. These factors affect the quantity of seeds sown. Factor analysis demonstrated that changes in seed density exert a more substantial influence on seed quantity alterations. A functional relationship has been determined between the amount of seed sown, the length of the sowing apparatus in the seed box and the density of the crop used.

Published
2023
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50. Combining ability and heterotic grouping of inbred lines for kernel yield in maize (Zea mays L.)

Author

D. Keerthana1*, T. Haritha2, I. Sudhir Kumar3 and D. Ramesh

Subjects
gca, sca, lines, testers, crosses, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Development and identification of suitable parents for hybridization is a vital step in hybrid production programmes. Success of hybrid breeding depend on how distantly the parents are related, which can be possible through crossing of parents belongs to different heterotic groups. So, the phenomenon of heterotic grouping and combining ability are imperative in maize breeding programmes. The present investigation was carried to identify lines with good general combining ability (GCA) and crosses with good specific combining ability (SCA). 44 testcrosses were generated by crossing 11 lines with 4 testers using L x T mating design. The testcrosses along with parents and 5 checks were evaluated for kernel yield and its attributing traits in simple lattice design. Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that the parents vs hybrids exhibited significant difference for all the traits indicating the presence of variability in the genetic material. None of the lines exhibited significant GCA in desirable direction for kernel yield. The cross VL15869-14 x LM14 exhibited positive significant SCA effect for kernel yield. Heterotic grouping classified 5 inbred lines L1, L3, L4, L6 and L10 into heterotic group B and 1 inbred line L8 into heterotic group A. Remaining 5 inbred lines L2, L5, L7, L9 and L11 were not categorized into any heterotic groups.

Published
2023
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