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1. Measurement of the charged-current electron (anti-)neutrino inclusive cross-sections at the T2K off-axis near detector ND280

Author

The T2K collaboration, K. Abe, N. Akhlaq, R. Akutsu, A. Ali, C. Alt, C. Andreopoulos, L. Anthony, M. Antonova, S. Aoki, A. Ariga, T. Arihara, Y. Asada, Y. Ashida, E. T. Atkin, Y. Awataguchi, S. Ban, M. Barbi, G. J. Barker, G. Barr, D. Barrow, C. Barry, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, A. Beloshapkin, F. Bench, V. Berardi, L. Berns, S. Bhadra, S. Bienstock, A. Blondel, S. Bolognesi, T. Bonus, B. Bourguille, S. B. Boyd, D. Brailsford, A. Bravar, D. Bravo Berguño, C. Bronner, S. Bron, A. Bubak, M. Buizza Avanzini, J. Calcutt, T. Campbell, S. Cao, S. L. Cartwright, M. G. Catanesi, A. Cervera, A. Chappell, C. Checchia, D. Cherdack, N. Chikuma, G. Christodoulou, M. Cicerchia, J. Coleman, G. Collazuol, L. Cook, D. Coplowe, A. Cudd, A. Dabrowska, G. De Rosa, T. Dealtry, P. F. Denner, S. R. Dennis, C. Densham, F. Di Lodovico, N. Dokania, S. Dolan, T. A. Doyle, O. Drapier, J. Dumarchez, P. Dunne, A. Eguchi, L. Eklund, S. Emery-Schrenk, A. Ereditato, P. Fernandez, T. Feusels, A. J. Finch, G. A. Fiorentini, G. Fiorillo, C. Francois, M. Friend, Y. Fujii, R. Fujita, D. Fukuda, R. Fukuda, Y. Fukuda, K. Fusshoeller, C. Giganti, T. Golan, M. Gonin, A. Gorin, M. Guigue, D. R. Hadley, J. T. Haigh, P. Hamacher-Baumann, M. Hartz, T. Hasegawa, S. Hassani, N. C. Hastings, T. Hayashino, Y. Hayato, A. Hiramoto, M. Hogan, J. Holeczek, N. T. Hong Van, T. Honjo, F. Iacob, A. K. Ichikawa, M. Ikeda, T. Ishida, T. Ishii, M. Ishitsuka, K. Iwamoto, A. Izmaylov, N. Izumi, M. Jakkapu, B. Jamieson, S. J. Jenkins, C. Jesús-Valls, M. Jiang, S. Johnson, P. Jonsson, C. K. Jung, X. Junjie, P. B. Jurj, M. Kabirnezhad, A. C. Kaboth, T. Kajita, H. Kakuno, J. Kameda, D. Karlen, S. P. Kasetti, Y. Kataoka, Y. Katayama, T. Katori, Y. Kato, E. Kearns, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, T. Kikawa, H. Kikutani, H. Kim, S. King, J. Kisiel, A. Knight, A. Knox, T. Kobata, T. Kobayashi, L. Koch, T. Koga, A. Konaka, L. L. Kormos, Y. Koshio, A. Kostin, K. Kowalik, H. Kubo, Y. Kudenko, N. Kukita, S. Kuribayashi, R. Kurjata, T. Kutter, M. Kuze, L. Labarga, J. Lagoda, M. Lamoureux, D. Last, M. Laveder, M. Lawe, M. Licciardi, T. Lindner, R. P. Litchfield, S. L. Liu, X. Li, A. Longhin, L. Ludovici, X. Lu, T. Lux, L. N. Machado, L. Magaletti, K. Mahn, M. Malek, S. Manly, L. Maret, A. D. Marino, L. Marti-Magro, J. F. Martin, T. Maruyama, T. Matsubara, K. Matsushita, V. Matveev, C. Mauger, K. Mavrokoridis, E. Mazzucato, M. McCarthy, N. McCauley, J. McElwee, K. S. McFarland, C. McGrew, A. Mefodiev, C. Metelko, M. Mezzetto, A. Minamino, O. Mineev, S. Mine, M. Miura, L. Molina Bueno, S. Moriyama, J. Morrison, Th. A. Mueller, L. Munteanu, S. Murphy, Y. Nagai, T. Nakadaira, M. Nakahata, Y. Nakajima, A. Nakamura, K. G. Nakamura, K. Nakamura, Y. Nakano, S. Nakayama, T. Nakaya, K. Nakayoshi, C. Nantais, C. E. R. Naseby, T. V. Ngoc, K. Niewczas, K. Nishikawa, Y. Nishimura, E. Noah, T. S. Nonnenmacher, F. Nova, P. Novella, J. Nowak, J. C. Nugent, H. M. O’Keeffe, L. O’Sullivan, T. Odagawa, T. Ogawa, R. Okada, K. Okumura, T. Okusawa, S. M. Oser, R. A. Owen, Y. Oyama, V. Palladino, J. L. Palomino, V. Paolone, M. Pari, W. C. Parker, S. Parsa, J. Pasternak, P. Paudyal, M. Pavin, D. Payne, G. C. Penn, L. Pickering, C. Pidcott, G. Pintaudi, E. S. Pinzon Guerra, C. Pistillo, B. Popov, K. Porwit, M. Posiadala-Zezula, A. Pritchard, B. Quilain, T. Radermacher, E. Radicioni, B. Radics, P. N. Ratoff, E. Reinherz-Aronis, C. Riccio, E. Rondio, S. Roth, A. Rubbia, A. C. Ruggeri, C. A. Ruggles, A. Rychter, K. Sakashita, F. Sánchez, G. Santucci, C. M. Schloesser, K. Scholberg, J. Schwehr, M. Scott, Y. Seiya, T. Sekiguchi, H. Sekiya, D. Sgalaberna, R. Shah, A. Shaikhiev, F. Shaker, A. Shaykina, M. Shiozawa, W. Shorrock, A. Shvartsman, A. Smirnov, M. Smy, J. T. Sobczyk, H. Sobel, F. J. P. Soler, Y. Sonoda, J. Steinmann, S. Suvorov, A. Suzuki, S. Y. Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, A. A. Sztuc, M. Tada, M. Tajima, A. Takeda, Y. Takeuchi, H. K. Tanaka, H. A. Tanaka, S. Tanaka, Y. Tanihara, M. Tani, N. Teshima, L. F. Thompson, W. Toki, C. Touramanis, T. Towstego, K. M. Tsui, T. Tsukamoto, M. Tzanov, Y. Uchida, M. Vagins, S. Valder, Z. Vallari, D. Vargas, G. Vasseur, C. Vilela, W. G. S. Vinning, T. Vladisavljevic, V. V. Volkov, T. Wachala, J. Walker, J. G. Walsh, Y. Wang, D. Wark, M. O. Wascko, A. Weber, R. Wendell, M. J. Wilking, C. Wilkinson, J. R. Wilson, R. J. Wilson, K. Wood, C. Wret, Y. Yamada, K. Yamamoto, C. Yanagisawa, G. Yang, T. Yano, K. Yasutome, S. Yen, N. Yershov, M. Yokoyama, T. Yoshida, M. Yu, A. Zalewska, J. Zalipska, K. Zaremba, G. Zarnecki, M. Ziembicki, E. D. Zimmerman, M. Zito, S. Zsoldos, and A. Zykova

Subjects
Other experiments, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The electron (anti-)neutrino component of the T2K neutrino beam constitutes the largest background in the measurement of electron (anti-)neutrino appearance at the far detector. The electron neutrino scattering is measured directly with the T2K off-axis near detector, ND280. The selection of the electron (anti-)neutrino events in the plastic scintillator target from both neutrino and anti-neutrino mode beams is discussed in this paper. The flux integrated single differential charged-current inclusive electron (anti-)neutrino cross-sections, dσ/dp and dσ/d cos(θ), and the total cross-sections in a limited phase-space in momentum and scattering angle (p > 300 MeV/c and θ ≤ 45°) are measured using a binned maximum likelihood fit and compared to the neutrino Monte Carlo generator predictions, resulting in good agreement.

Published
2020
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2. Search for charged Higgs bosons in e+e− collisions at $\sqrt{s}=189\mbox{--}209\ \mbox{GeV}$

Author

The OPAL Collaboration, G. Abbiendi, C. Ainsley, P. F. Åkesson, G. Alexander, G. Anagnostou, K. J. Anderson, S. Asai, D. Axen, I. Bailey, E. Barberio, T. Barillari, R. J. Barlow, R. J. Batley, P. Bechtle, T. Behnke, K. W. Bell, P. J. Bell, G. Bella, A. Bellerive, G. Benelli, S. Bethke, O. Biebel, O. Boeriu, P. Bock, M. Boutemeur, S. Braibant, R. M. Brown, H. J. Burckhart, S. Campana, P. Capiluppi, R. K. Carnegie, A. A. Carter, J. R. Carter, C. Y. Chang, D. G. Charlton, C. Ciocca, A. Csilling, M. Cuffiani, S. Dado, M. Dallavalle, A. De Roeck, E. A. De Wolf, K. Desch, B. Dienes, J. Dubbert, E. Duchovni, G. Duckeck, I. P. Duerdoth, E. Etzion, F. Fabbri, P. Ferrari, F. Fiedler, I. Fleck, M. Ford, A. Frey, P. Gagnon, J. W. Gary, C. Geich-Gimbel, G. Giacomelli, P. Giacomelli, M. Giunta, J. Goldberg, E. Gross, J. Grunhaus, M. Gruwé, A. Gupta, C. Hajdu, M. Hamann, G. G. Hanson, A. Harel, M. Hauschild, C. M. Hawkes, R. Hawkings, G. Herten, R. D. Heuer, J. C. Hill, K. Hoffman, D. Horváth, P. Igo-Kemenes, K. Ishii, H. Jeremie, P. Jovanovic, T. R. Junk, J. Kanzaki, D. Karlen, K. Kawagoe, T. Kawamoto, R. K. Keeler, R. G. Kellogg, B. W. Kennedy, S. Kluth, T. Kobayashi, M. Kobel, S. Komamiya, T. Krämer, A. Krasznahorkay, P. Krieger, J. von Krogh, T. Kuhl, M. Kupper, G. D. Lafferty, H. Landsman, D. Lanske, D. Lellouch, J. Letts, L. Levinson, J. Lillich, S. L. Lloyd, F. K. Loebinger, J. Lu, A. Ludwig, J. Ludwig, W. Mader, S. Marcellini, T. E. Marchant, A. J. Martin, T. Mashimo, P. Mättig, J. McKenna, R. A. McPherson, F. Meijers, W. Menges, F. S. Merritt, H. Mes, N. Meyer, A. Michelini, S. Mihara, G. Mikenberg, D. J. Miller, W. Mohr, T. Mori, A. Mutter, K. Nagai, I. Nakamura, H. Nanjo, H. A. Neal, S. W. O’Neale, A. Oh, A. Okpara, M. J. Oreglia, S. Orito, C. Pahl, G. Pásztor, J. R. Pater, J. E. Pilcher, J. Pinfold, D. E. Plane, O. Pooth, M. Przybycień, A. Quadt, K. Rabbertz, C. Rembser, P. Renkel, J. M. Roney, A. M. Rossi, Y. Rozen, K. Runge, K. Sachs, T. Saeki, E. K. G. Sarkisyan, A. D. Schaile, O. Schaile, P. Scharff-Hansen, J. Schieck, T. Schörner-Sadenius, M. Schröder, M. Schumacher, R. Seuster, T. G. Shears, B. C. Shen, P. Sherwood, A. Skuja, A. M. Smith, R. Sobie, S. Söldner-Rembold, F. Spano, A. Stahl, D. Strom, R. Ströhmer, S. Tarem, M. Tasevsky, R. Teuscher, M. A. Thomson, E. Torrence, D. Toya, I. Trigger, Z. Trócsányi, E. Tsur, M. F. Turner-Watson, I. Ueda, B. Ujvári, C. F. Vollmer, P. Vannerem, R. Vértesi, M. Verzocchi, H. Voss, J. Vossebeld, C. P. Ward, D. R. Ward, P. M. Watkins, A. T. Watson, N. K. Watson, P. S. Wells, T. Wengler, N. Wermes, G. W. Wilson, J. A. Wilson, G. Wolf, T. R. Wyatt, S. Yamashita, D. Zer-Zion, and L. Zivkovic

Subjects
Higgs Boson, Systematic Uncertainty, Test Mass, Charged Higgs Boson, Likelihood Selection, Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract A search is made for charged Higgs bosons predicted by Two-Higgs-Doublet extensions of the Standard Model (2HDM) using electron-positron collision data collected by the OPAL experiment at $\sqrt{s}=189\mbox{--}209\ \mbox{GeV}$ , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 600 pb−1. Charged Higgs bosons are assumed to be pair-produced and to decay into $\mathrm{q} \bar{\mathrm{q}}$ , τν τ or AW±. No signal is observed. Model-independent limits on the charged Higgs-boson production cross section are derived by combining these results with previous searches at lower energies. Under the assumption $\mathrm{BR} (\mathrm{H}^{\pm} \to \tau\nu_{\tau}) + \mathrm{BR} (\mathrm{H}^{\pm} \to \mathrm{q} \bar{\mathrm{q}}) = 1$ , motivated by general 2HDM type II models, excluded areas on the $[m_{\mathrm{H}^{\pm}} , \mathrm{BR} (\mathrm {H}^{\pm} \to \tau\nu_{\tau})]$ plane are presented and charged Higgs bosons are excluded up to a mass of 76.3 GeV at 95 % confidence level, independent of the branching ratio BR(H±→τν τ). A scan of the 2HDM type I model parameter space is performed and limits on the Higgs-boson masses $m_{\mathrm{H}^{\pm}}$ and m A are presented for different choices of tanβ.

Published
2012
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3. Biological funneling of phenolics from transgenic plants engineered to express the bacterial 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (qsuB) gene

Author

German E. Umana, Jose M. Perez, Faride Unda, Chien-Yuan Lin, Canan Sener, Steven D. Karlen, Shawn D. Mansfield, Aymerick Eudes, John Ralph, Timothy J. Donohue, and Daniel R. Noguera

Subjects
QsuB, lignin, lignin valorization, value-added products, 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), QsuB transgenics, Technology, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

The economic and environmental sustainability of lignocellulosic biomass biorefineries is predicated on generating biofuels and bioproducts from cell-wall polysaccharide and lignin polymers. Historical efforts in plant genetic engineering have focused on the development of strategies that facilitate biomass deconstruction, with more recently efforts including the synthesis of high-value chemicals in planta. One such genetic modification is the expression of the bacterial quinate and shikimate utilization B (qsuB) gene that increases the accumulation of protocatechuic acid in lignocellulosic biomass. Herein, we evaluated the effectiveness of an alkaline pretreatment process to extract phenolics directly from wild-type and QsuB-transgenic lines of Arabidopsis, poplar, and sorghum, and then upgrade them to the polyester precursor 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) with an engineered strain of Novosphingobium aromaticivorans. Protocatechuic acid extracted from all QsuB transgenic lines was found to be mostly in the glycosylated form. Glycosylated protocatechuic acid and other plant-derived phenolics were effectively metabolized by N. aromaticivorans, and PDC production was greatest using extracts from an Arabidopsis QsuB transgenic line (∼5% w/w), followed by QsuB sorghum (∼1.1% w/w), and QsuB poplar (∼0.4% w/w) lines. The comparison of PDC production from wild-type and QsuB transgenic lines of Arabidopsis, poplar, and sorghum demonstrates the utility of a mild alkaline pretreatment to liberate phenolics from plant biomass that are either naturally present or that accumulate as a consequence of genetic engineering strategies. All QsuB transgenic lines outperformed their wild-type counterparts with respect to observed PDC yields. In addition, microbial funneling to PDC was effective even when most of the protocatechuic acid extracted was in glycosylated form, clearly demonstrating that this bacterium can metabolize these aromatic conjugates. These findings illustrate the benefits of combining plant and microbial engineering for bioproduct formation from phenolics in lignocellulosic biorefineries.

Published
2022
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4. Overexpression of a Sugarcane BAHD Acyltransferase Alters Hydroxycinnamate Content in Maize Cell Wall

Author

Amanda Fanelli, David M. Rancour, Michael Sullivan, Steven D. Karlen, John Ralph, Diego Mauricio Riaño-Pachón, Renato Vicentini, Tatiane da Franca Silva, André Ferraz, Ronald D. Hatfield, and Elisson Romanel

Subjects
BAHD acyltransferases, biomass engineering, biorefineries, ferulic acid (FA), p-coumaric acid (pCA), Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

The purification of hydroxycinnamic acids [p-coumaric acid (pCA) and ferulic acid (FA)] from grass cell walls requires high-cost processes. Feedstocks with increased levels of one hydroxycinnamate in preference to the other are therefore highly desirable. We identified and conducted expression analysis for nine BAHD acyltransferase ScAts genes from sugarcane. The high conservation of AT10 proteins, together with their similar gene expression patterns, supported a similar role in distinct grasses. Overexpression of ScAT10 in maize resulted in up to 75% increase in total pCA content. Mild hydrolysis and derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) analysis showed that pCA increase was restricted to the hemicellulosic portion of the cell wall. Furthermore, total FA content was reduced up to 88%, resulting in a 10-fold increase in the pCA/FA ratio. Thus, we functionally characterized a sugarcane gene involved in pCA content on hemicelluloses and generated a C4 plant that is promising for valorizing pCA production in biorefineries.

Published
2021
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5. Lignins and Lignification

Author

John Ralph, Hoon Kim, Fachuang Lu, Rebecca A. Smith, Steven D. Karlen, null Nuoendagula, Koichi Yoshioka, Alexis Eugene, Sarah Liu, Canan Sener, Daisuke Ando, Mingjie Chen, Yanding Li, Leta L. Landucci, Sally A. Ralph, Vitaliy I. Timokhin, Wu Lan, Jorge Rencoret, and José C. del Río

Published
2023

6. Poplar lignin structural changes during extraction in γ-valerolactone (GVL)

Author

Feng Cheng, Sarah Liu, Steven D. Karlen, Hoon Kim, Fachuang Lu, John Ralph, Leida M. Vázquez Ramos, George W. Huber, and James A. Dumesic

Subjects
Environmental Chemistry, Pollution
Abstract

In this paper, we describe an approach for producing both high quality and high quantity of lignin by studying structural change of lignin during treatment of poplar wood in γ-valerolactone (GVL) for a range of temperatures (80–120 °C) and reaction time at temperature (1–24 h).

Published
2023

7. Phenotypic Correction of Murine Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II by Engraftment of Ex Vivo Lentiviral Vector-Transduced Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Author

Miles C. Smith, Lalitha R. Belur, Andrea D. Karlen, Olivia Erlanson, Kelly M. Podetz-Pedersen, Jessica McKenzie, Jenn Detellis, Khatuna Gagnidze, Geoffrey Parsons, Nicholas Robinson, Shelby Labarre, Saumil Shah, Justin Furcich, Troy C. Lund, Hsing-Chen Tsai, R. Scott McIvor, and Melissa Bonner

Subjects
Genetics, Molecular Medicine, Molecular Biology
Published
2022

8. Evolution of p ‐coumaroylated lignin in eudicots provides new tools for cell wall engineering

Author

Yaseen Mottiar, Rebecca A. Smith, Steven D. Karlen, John Ralph, and Shawn D. Mansfield

Subjects
Populus, Cell Wall, Physiology, Coenzyme A, Plant Science, Lignin, Acyltransferases
Abstract

Ester-linked p-coumarate (pCA) is a hallmark feature of the secondary cell walls in commelinid monocot plants. It has been shown that pCA groups arise during lignin polymerisation from the participation of monolignol conjugates assembled by p-coumaroyl-CoA:monolignol transferase (PMT) enzymes, members of the BAHD superfamily of acyltransferases. Herein, we report that a eudicot species, kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), naturally contains p-coumaroylated lignin in the core tissues of the stems but not in the bast fibres. Moreover, we identified a novel acyltransferase, HcPMT, that shares30% amino acid identity with known monocot PMT sequences. Recombinant HcPMT showed a preference in enzyme assays for p-coumaroyl-CoA and benzoyl-CoA as acyl donor substrates and sinapyl alcohol as an acyl acceptor. Heterologous expression of HcPMT in hybrid poplar trees led to the incorporation of pCA in lignin, but no improvement in the saccharification potential of the wood. This work illustrates the value in mining diverse plant taxa for new monolignol acyltransferases. Furthermore, the occurrence of pCA outside monocot lineages may represent another example of convergent evolution in lignin structure. This discovery expands textbook views on cell wall biochemistry and provides a new molecular tool for engineering the lignin of biomass feedstock plants.

Published
2022

9. p-Coumaroylation of lignin occurs outside of commelinid monocots in the eudicot genus Morus (mulberry)

Author

Jan Hellinger, Hoon Kim, John Ralph, and Steven D Karlen

Subjects
Physiology, Genetics, Plant Science
Abstract

The presence of p-coumarate (pCA) in plant cell walls is generally considered to be a trait present only in commelinid monocots. Here, we show that this long-held overgeneralizing assumption is incorrect and that mulberry trees (Morus) are eudicot plants that have lignins derived in part from monolignol pCA esters. As in commelinid monocots, the lignin-bound pCA acylates the sidechain γ-hydroxyl of both coniferyl and syringyl units. This discovery expands mulberry’s potential applications to include being a source of p-coumaric acid, a supplier of nutritious berries, a forage crop, a decorative plant, and the main food source for silkworms.

Published
2022

11. A new approach to zip‐lignin: 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoate is compatible with lignification

Author

Faride Unda, Yaseen Mottiar, Elizabeth L. Mahon, Steven D. Karlen, Kwang Ho Kim, Dominique Loqué, Aymerick Eudes, John Ralph, and Shawn D. Mansfield

Subjects
Populus, Physiology, Hydroxybenzoates, Plant Science, Plants, Genetically Modified, Lignin, Wood
Abstract

Renewed interests in the development of bioenergy, biochemicals, and biomaterials have elicited new strategies for engineering the lignin of biomass feedstock plants. This study shows, for the first time, that 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (DHB) is compatible with the radical coupling reactions that assemble polymeric lignin in plants. We introduced a bacterial 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase into hybrid poplar (Populus alba × grandidentata) to divert carbon flux away from the shikimate pathway, which lies upstream of lignin biosynthesis. Transgenic poplar wood had up to 33% less lignin with p-hydroxyphenyl units comprising as much as 10% of the lignin. Mild alkaline hydrolysis of transgenic wood released fewer ester-linked p-hydroxybenzoate groups than control trees, and revealed the novel incorporation of cell-wall-bound DHB, as well as glycosides of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA). Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) analysis uncovered DHBA-derived benzodioxane structures suggesting that DHB moieties were integrated into the lignin polymer backbone. In addition, up to 40% more glucose was released from transgenic wood following ionic liquid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. This work highlights the potential of diverting carbon flux from the shikimate pathway for lignin engineering and describes a new type of 'zip-lignin' derived from the incorporation of DHB into poplar lignin.

Published
2022

12. Integrating lignin depolymerization with microbial funneling processes using agronomically relevant feedstocks

Author

Jose M. Perez, Canan Sener, Shamik Misra, German E. Umana, Jason Coplien, Dennis Haak, Yanding Li, Christos T. Maravelias, Steven D. Karlen, John Ralph, Timothy J. Donohue, and Daniel R. Noguera

Subjects
Environmental Chemistry, Pollution
Abstract

This work shows the integration of reductive lignin depolymerization and microbial funneling with Novosphingobium aromaticivorans to produce 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) in a lignocellulosic biorefinery.

Published
2022

13. pHBMT1, a BAHD-family monolignol acyltransferase, mediates lignin acylation in poplar

Author

Lisanne de Vries, Heather A MacKay, Rebecca A Smith, Yaseen Mottiar, Steven D Karlen, Faride Unda, Emilia Muirragui, Craig Bingman, Kirk Vander Meulen, Emily T Beebe, Brian G Fox, John Ralph, and Shawn D Mansfield

Subjects
Populus, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Physiology, Acylation, fungi, Genetics, Plant Science, Genes, Plant, Plants, Genetically Modified, Lignin, Acyltransferases
Abstract

Poplar (Populus) lignin is naturally acylated with p-hydroxybenzoate ester moieties. However, the enzyme(s) involved in the biosynthesis of the monolignol–p-hydroxybenzoates have remained largely unknown. Here, we performed an in vitro screen of the Populus trichocarpa BAHD acyltransferase superfamily (116 genes) using a wheatgerm cell-free translation system and found five enzymes capable of producing monolignol–p-hydroxybenzoates. We then compared the transcript abundance of the five corresponding genes with p-hydroxybenzoate concentrations using naturally occurring unrelated genotypes of P. trichocarpa and revealed a positive correlation between the expression of p-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA monolig-nol transferase (pHBMT1, Potri.001G448000) and p-hydroxybenzoate levels. To test whether pHBMT1 is responsible for the biosynthesis of monolignol–p-hydroxybenzoates, we overexpressed pHBMT1 in hybrid poplar (Populus alba × P. grandidentata) (35S::pHBMT1 and C4H::pHBMT1). Using three complementary analytical methods, we showed that there was an increase in soluble monolignol–p-hydroxybenzoates and cell-wall-bound monolignol–p-hydroxybenzoates in the poplar transgenics. As these pendent groups are ester-linked, saponification releases p-hydroxybenzoate, a precursor to parabens that are used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. This identified gene could therefore be used to engineer lignocellulosic biomass with increased value for emerging biorefinery strategies.

Published
2021

14. Supernova model discrimination with hyper-kamiokande

Author

Y. Nagao, H. Tanaka, A. Minamino, B. Navarro-Garcia, Z. Xie, L. Nascimento Machado, J. Lagoda, M. Shinoki, S. Cuen-Rochin, Arman Esmaili, F. Ballester, S. Parsa, N. McCauley, Jung-Hyun Kim, K. Frankiewicz, L. L. Kormos, Masaki Ishitsuka, M. Malek, V. Valentino, N. Kazarian, T. Wachala, E. Drakopoulou, G. Grella, V. Paolone, L. F. Thompson, A. K. Tomatani-Sánchez, A. Blanchet, R. A. Wendell, John Ellis, J. Y. Kim, N. W. Prouse, O. V. Mineev, M. R. Vagins, T. Boschi, T. Lindner, J. González-Nuevo, Hiroshi Ito, N. Skrobova, M. La Commara, L. Gialanella, F. Orozco-Luna, T. Kumita, A. Garfagnini, S. H. Jeon, A. Dergacheva, Hiroaki Menjo, A. T. Suzuki, K. Okamoto, C. E. R. Naseby, J. F. Martin, T. Iijima, M. Mezzetto, G. Ricciardi, J. R. Wilson, P. Gumplinger, Y. Takemoto, G. Galinski, K. Zaremba, T. Nakadaira, D. Vivolo, A. Carroll, C. Vilela, A. Blondel, A. Rychter, T. A. Doyle, C. Garde, G. De Rosa, A. Oshlianskyi, Hiroyuki Sekiya, R. Matsumoto, G. Pastuszak, P. J. Rajda, F. Monrabal, Yoichi Asaoka, G. Díaz López, K. L. Stankevich, C. D. Shin, Y. Fukuda, Yuto Ashida, Michal Malinský, T. Suganuma, B. Radics, Kohta Murase, Marco Grassi, P. Mehta, F. Cafagna, Ahmed Ali, L. Koerich, Vincenzo Berardi, Etam Noah, F. J. P. Soler, Alan Cosimo Ruggeri, M. Kekic, G. Vasseur, S. Wronka, M. Thiesse, B. Ferrazzi, K. Iwamoto, Yu. Kudenko, Atsushi Takeda, Kendall Mahn, David Hadley, B. Roskovec, M. Bergevin, A. Korzenev, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M. Tzanov, M. Ikeda, Federico Sanchez, W. Obrębski, H. S. Jo, Y. Takeuchi, Piotr Kalaczyński, S. Chakraborty, J. C. Nugent, S. King, P. Paganini, M. Miura, F. Ameli, D. N. Yeum, C. J. Metelko, Akito Araya, T. Kajita, M. Tanaka, I. T. Lim, L. Mellet, S. Y. Kim, S. Bolognesi, A. Bravar, J. S. Jang, D. Svirida, A. Fiorentini, J. Renner, M. Chabera, L. O'Sullivan, V. Herrero, F. Iacob, K. Nakamura, Ko Okumura, Lukasz Stawarz, N. Ogawa, Laura Bonavera, Y. Maekawa, Takatomi Yano, Ll. Marti, H. J. Rose, S. El Hedri, L. Maret, G. Zarnecki, L. Bernard, S. H. Seo, H. Nakamura, H. Ozaki, A. P. Kryukov, A. Popov, Hisakazu Minakata, M. Buizza Avanzini, P. Sarmah, K. Martens, Sergio Luis Suárez Gómez, Hiroaki Aihara, V. Lezaun, G. A. Cowan, C. Riccio, S. Garode, R. Akutsu, M. Lamers James, T. Nicholls, I. Alekseev, K. Kowalik, J. Kasperek, T. Zakrzewski, S. B. Kim, T. Kutter, Evan O'Connor, B. Jamieson, F. Nova, M. Barbi, Xianguo Lu, Y. Sonoda, M. Friend, Teppei Katori, L. H. V. Anthony, A. Shaikhiev, C. J. Densham, V. Gousy-Leblanc, I. Bandac, J. H. Choi, S. Sano, A. K. Ichikawa, Magda Cicerchia, S. Valder, S. Roth, J. Kameda, M. Zito, A. Vijayvargi, S. Nakai, Y. Kotsar, K. M. Tsui, K. Hoshina, K. K. Joo, C. Pastore, T. Marchi, K. Niewczas, K. Nakayoshi, G. Fiorillo, C. McGrew, P. F. Loverre, S. Playfer, G.D. Barr, L. Labarga, T. Kobayashi, E. S. Pinzon Guerra, André Rubbia, D. Karlen, Th. A. Mueller, L. Koch, F. J. Mora, M. M. Khabibullin, Hidekazu Kakuno, Yoshitaka Itow, H. K. Tanaka, P. Adrich, Jeong-Eun Lee, S. Samani, M. G. Catanesi, M. Yu, M. J. Wilking, Robert Svoboda, P. Mijakowski, N. Kolev, Yu. Onishchuk, A. Kato, J. M. Poutissou, C. Bronner, Yutaka Nakajima, B. Richards, C. Ruggles, M. Needham, P. Jonsson, Y. Hayato, S. Mine, A. Konaka, L. Munteanu, Kunio Inoue, O. Drapier, Kenneth Long, M. McCarthy, T. Kinoshita, G. Tortone, Yuuki Nakano, T. Feusels, N. Izumi, Reetanjali Moharana, T. Dealtry, S. Hassani, G. Pronost, K. Sakashita, J. G. Learned, H. M. O'Keeffe, Shintaro Ito, E. Rondio, Toru Ogitsu, D. A. Patel, Tatiana Ovsiannikova, M. Guigue, Yusuke Koshio, T. Matsubara, S. M. Stellacci, R. J. Wilkes, G. Santucci, S. Y. Suzuki, S. D. Rountree, K. Zietara, A. A. Quiroga, M. Jakkapu, A. Boiano, L. Berns, M. O. Wascko, M. M. Vyalkov, K. Porwit, M. Taani, A. Evangelisti, I. Sashima, Michal Dziewiecki, J. Feng, Y. Seiya, M. Yonenaga, B. Spisso, B. W. Pointon, C. M. Mollo, N. Booth, S. V. Cao, N. Ospina, A. J. Finch, V. Takhistov, E. Radicioni, P. Przewlocki, S. Nakayama, S. Yen, T. Sekiguchi, Yudai Suwa, J. M. Calvo-Mozota, S. Zsoldos, C. Checchia, M. Posiadala-Zezula, E. O'Sullivan, Janusz Marzec, F. Retiere, Jan T. Sobczyk, P. Migliozzi, S. Borjabad, I. Di Palma, John Hill, K. A. Kouzakov, D. L. Wark, L. Cook, D. Sgalaberna, E. W. Miller, M. Lamoureux, M. Y. Pac, S. Russo, S. L. Cartwright, Yasunari Suzuki, D. Bose, B. Zaldivar, D. Martin, Dongsu Ryu, Z. Shan, S. Miki, M. Jiang, J. Kisiel, N. Yershov, M. Matusiak, C. Pea-Garay, K. Sato, Jesús Daniel Santos, Y. Yamaguchi, D. Bravo-Berguo, Chad Finley, T. Tashiro, Lawrence D. Brown, A. Gorin, Hiromasa Tanaka, M. Ziembicki, T. Vladisavljevic, J. Zalipska, J. Insler, C. Yanagisawa, Abinash Medhi, L. Kravchuk, W. Idrissi Ibnsalih, Hirokazu Ishino, J. Bian, K. Magar, S. Cebrian, Philippe Mermod, R. Gornea, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, Sergei Fedotov, S. Izumiyama, C. Bozza, R. Esteve, Seiko Hirota, T. Tsukamoto, K. Skwarczynski, E. De la Fuente, T. Kikawa, M. Gonin, J. Xia, Intae Yu, Gareth J. Barker, A. Marinelli, E. Kearns, L. Lavitola, Michal Ostrowski, N. Deshmukh, Y. Kataoka, F. d. M. Blaszczyk, Carsten Rott, C. Mariani, T. Ishida, Roberto Spina, J. W. Seo, Masashi Yokoyama, F. Gramegna, K. Hultqvist, G. Collazuol, P. Spradlin, Gus Sinnis, A. Takenaka, T. Xin, M. Bellato, Yuki Fujii, Mark Scott, J. A. Hernando-Morata, P. Ferrario, A. Buchowicz, S. J. Jenkins, J. Walker, J. Toledo, Pablo Fernandez, Sandhya Choubey, S. Emery, A. Mefodiev, R.P. Kurjata, M. Mongelli, J. Dumarchez, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, M. Antonova, M. Danilov, M. Feely, A. Holin, Ara Ioannisian, B. A. Popov, K Stopa, W. G. S. Vinning, M. L. Sánchez, Masato Shiozawa, L. Ludovici, J. Gao, S. Bhadra, Koji Ishidoshiro, Hiroshi Nunokawa, V. Aushev, M. Hartz, I. Shimizu, C. S. Moon, M. B. Smy, S. Matsuno, I. Anghel, J. Migenda, T. Mondal, F. Di Lodovico, M. Tada, D. J. Payne, M. Kuze, N. C. Hastings, P. Di Meo, Y. Nishimura, M. Inomoto, L. Magaletti, C. Giganti, A. Klekotko, Patrick Dunne, J. Yoo, M. C. Sanchez, A. N. Khotjantsev, Kyujin Kwak, Lars Eklund, M. Lawe, A. Mitra, H. W. Sobel, Jürgen Pozimski, Yasuhiro Makida, A. Bubak, Jaroslaw Pasternak, B. Quilain, R. Leitner, Marco Laveder, J. P. Coleman, N. F. Calabria, H. I. Jang, S. B. Boyd, Moon Moon Devi, M. Fitton, M. Harada, Artur F. Izmaylov, J. McElwee, Shunsaku Horiuchi, P. de Perio, K. Nakagiri, Y. Kano, M. Rescigno, S. Moriyama, Masayuki Nakahata, C. Pidcott, Y. Uchida, V. Palladino, A. Longhin, A. Shaykina, Michelangelo Pari, Akimichi Taketa, Yuichi Oyama, S. Suvorov, R. P. Litchfield, D. H. Moon, Katsuki Hiraide, M. Pavin, M. Koga, R. B. Vogelaar, Enrique Fernandez-Martinez, B. L. Hartfiel, Koji Yamamoto, K. Ohta, K. Abe, Alexander Studenikin, E. Mazzucato, Elisa Bernardini, Abe, K., Adrich, P., Aihara, H., Akutsu, R., Alekseev, I., Ali, A., Ameli, F., Anghel, I., Anthony, L. H. V., Antonova, M., Araya, A., Asaoka, Y., Ashida, Y., Aushev, V., Ballester, F., Bandac, I., Barbi, M., Barker, G. J., Barr, G., Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M., Bellato, M., Berardi, V., Bergevin, M., Bernard, L., Bernardini, E., Berns, L., Bhadra, S., Bian, J., Blanchet, A., Blaszczyk, F. D. M., Blondel, A., Boiano, A., Bolognesi, S., Bonavera, L., Booth, N., Borjabad, S., Boschi, T., Bose, D., Boyd, S. B., Bozza, C., Bravar, A., Bravo-Berguo, D., Bronner, C., Brown, L., Bubak, A., Buchowicz, A., Buizza Avanzini, M., Cafagna, F. S., Calabria, N. F., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Cao, S., Cartwright, S. L., Carroll, A., Catanesi, M. G., Cebrian, S., Chabera, M., Chakraborty, S., Checchia, C., Choi, J. H., Choubey, S., Cicerchia, M., Coleman, J., Collazuol, G., Cook, L., Cowan, G., Cuen-Rochin, S., Danilov, M., Diaz Lopez, G., De La Fuente, E., De Perio, P., De Rosa, G., Dealtry, T., Densham, C. J., Dergacheva, A., Deshmukh, N., Devi, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Di Meo, P., Di Palma, I., Doyle, T. A., Drakopoulou, E., Drapier, O., Dumarchez, J., Dunne, P., Dziewiecki, M., Eklund, L., El Hedri, S., Ellis, J., Emery, S., Esmaili, A., Esteve, R., Evangelisti, A., Feely, M., Fedotov, S., Feng, J., Fernandez, P., Fernandez-Martinez, E., Ferrario, P., Ferrazzi, B., Feusels, T., Finch, A., Finley, C., Fiorentini, A., Fiorillo, G., Fitton, M., Frankiewicz, K., Friend, M., Fujii, Y., Fukuda, Y., Galinski, G., Gao, J., Garde, C., Garfagnini, A., Garode, S., Gialanella, L., Giganti, C., Gomez-Cadenas, J. J., Gonin, M., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorin, A., Gornea, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Gramegna, F., Grassi, M., Grella, G., Guigue, M., Gumplinger, P., Hadley, D. R., Harada, M., Hartfiel, B., Hartz, M., Hassani, S., Hastings, N. C., Hayato, Y., Hernando-Morata, J. A., Herrero, V., Hill, J., Hiraide, K., Hirota, S., Holin, A., Horiuchi, S., Hoshina, K., Hultqvist, K., Iacob, F., Ichikawa, A. K., Idrissi Ibnsalih, W., Iijima, T., Ikeda, M., Inomoto, M., Inoue, K., Insler, J., Ioannisian, A., Ishida, T., Ishidoshiro, K., Ishino, H., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Ito, S., Itow, Y., Iwamoto, K., Izmaylov, A., Izumi, N., Izumiyama, S., Jakkapu, M., Jamieson, B., Jang, H. I., Jang, J. S., Jenkins, S. J., Jeon, S. H., Jiang, M., Jo, H. S., Jonsson, P., Joo, K. K., Kajita, T., Kakuno, H., Kameda, J., Kano, Y., Kalaczynski, P., Karlen, D., Kasperek, J., Kataoka, Y., Kato, A., Katori, T., Kazarian, N., Kearns, E., Khabibullin, M., Khotjantsev, A., Kikawa, T., Kekic, M., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. Y., Kim, S. B., Kim, S. Y., King, S., Kinoshita, T., Kisiel, J., Klekotko, A., Kobayashi, T., Koch, L., Koga, M., Koerich, L., Kolev, N., Konaka, A., Kormos, L. L., Koshio, Y., Korzenev, A., Kotsar, Y., Kouzakov, K. A., Kowalik, K. L., Kravchuk, L., Kryukov, A. P., Kudenko, Y., Kumita, T., Kurjata, R., Kutter, T., Kuze, M., Kwak, K., La Commara, M., Labarga, L., Lagoda, J., Lamers James, M., Lamoureux, M., Laveder, M., Lavitola, L., Lawe, M., Learned, J. G., Lee, J., Leitner, R., Lezaun, V., Lim, I. T., Lindner, T., Litchfield, R. P., Long, K. R., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Lu, X., Ludovici, L., Maekawa, Y., Magaletti, L., Magar, K., Mahn, K., Makida, Y., Malek, M., Malinsky, M., Marchi, T., Maret, L., Mariani, C., Marinelli, A., Martens, K., Marti, L., Martin, J. F., Martin, D., Marzec, J., Matsubara, T., Matsumoto, R., Matsuno, S., Matusiak, M., Mazzucato, E., Mccarthy, M., Mccauley, N., Mcelwee, J., Mcgrew, C., Mefodiev, A., Medhi, A., Mehta, P., Mellet, L., Menjo, H., Mermod, P., Metelko, C., Mezzetto, M., Migenda, J., Migliozzi, P., Mijakowski, P., Miki, S., Miller, E. W., Minakata, H., Minamino, A., Mine, S., Mineev, O., Mitra, A., Miura, M., Moharana, R., Mollo, C. M., Mondal, T., Mongelli, M., Monrabal, F., Moon, D. H., Moon, C. S., Mora, F. J., Moriyama, S., Mueller, T. A., Munteanu, L., Murase, K., Nagao, Y., Nakadaira, T., Nakagiri, K., Nakahata, M., Nakai, S., Nakajima, Y., Nakamura, K., Nakamura, K. I., Nakamura, H., Nakano, Y., Nakaya, T., Nakayama, S., Nakayoshi, K., Nascimento Machado, L., Naseby, C. E. R., Navarro-Garcia, B., Needham, M., Nicholls, T., Niewczas, K., Nishimura, Y., Noah, E., Nova, F., Nugent, J. C., Nunokawa, H., Obrebski, W., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., O'Connor, E., Ogawa, N., Ogitsu, T., Ohta, K., Okamoto, K., O'Keeffe, H. M., Okumura, K., Onishchuk, Y., Orozco-Luna, F., Oshlianskyi, A., Ospina, N., Ostrowski, M., O'Sullivan, E., O'Sullivan, L., Ovsiannikova, T., Oyama, Y., Ozaki, H., Pac, M. Y., Paganini, P., Palladino, V., Paolone, V., Pari, M., Parsa, S., Pasternak, J., Pastore, C., Pastuszak, G., Patel, D. A., Pavin, M., Payne, D., Pea-Garay, C., Pidcott, C., Pinzon Guerra, E., Playfer, S., Pointon, B. W., Popov, A., Popov, B., Porwit, K., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Poutissou, J. -M., Pozimski, J., Pronost, G., Prouse, N. W., Przewlocki, P., Quilain, B., Quiroga, A. A., Radicioni, E., Radics, B., Rajda, P. J., Renner, J., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Ricciardi, G., Riccio, C., Richards, B., Rondio, E., Rose, H. J., Roskovec, B., Roth, S., Rott, C., Rountree, S. D., Rubbia, A., Ruggeri, A. C., Ruggles, C., Russo, S., Rychter, A., Ryu, D., Sakashita, K., Samani, S., Sanchez, F., Sanchez, M. L., Sanchez, M. C., Sano, S., Santos, J. D., Santucci, G., Sarmah, P., Sashima, I., Sato, K., Scott, M., Seiya, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Sekiya, H., Seo, J. W., Seo, S. H., Sgalaberna, D., Shaikhiev, A., Shan, Z., Shaykina, A., Shimizu, I., Shin, C. D., Shinoki, M., Shiozawa, M., Sinnis, G., Skrobova, N., Skwarczynski, K., Smy, M. B., Sobczyk, J., Sobel, H. W., Soler, F. J. P., Sonoda, Y., Spina, R., Spisso, B., Spradlin, P., Stankevich, K. L., Stawarz, L., Stellacci, S. M., Stopa, K., Studenikin, A. I., Suarez Gomez, S. L., Suganuma, T., Suvorov, S., Suwa, Y., Suzuki, A. T., Suzuki, S. Y., Suzuki, Y., Svirida, D., Svoboda, R., Taani, M., Tada, M., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Taketa, A., Takeuchi, Y., Takhistov, V., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, H. A., Tanaka, H. I., Tanaka, M., Tashiro, T., Thiesse, M., Thompson, L. F., Toledo, J., Tomatani-Sanchez, A. K., Tortone, G., Tsui, K. M., Tsukamoto, T., Tzanov, M., Uchida, Y., Vagins, M. R., Valder, S., Valentino, V., Vasseur, G., Vijayvargi, A., Vilela, C., Vinning, W. G. S., Vivolo, D., Vladisavljevic, T., Vogelaar, R. B., Vyalkov, M. M., Wachala, T., Walker, J., Wark, D., Wascko, M. O., Wendell, R. A., Wilkes, R. J., Wilking, M. J., Wilson, J. R., Wronka, S., Xia, J., Xie, Z., Xin, T., Yamaguchi, Y., Yamamoto, K., Yanagisawa, C., Yano, T., Yen, S., Yershov, N., Yeum, D. N., Yokoyama, M., Yonenaga, M., Yoo, J., Yu, I., Yu, M., Zakrzewski, T., Zaldivar, B., Zalipska, J., Zaremba, K., Zarnecki, G., Ziembicki, M., Zietara, K., Zito, M., Zsoldos, S., Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Hyper-Kamiokande, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 09.- Desarrollar infraestructuras resilientes, promover la industrialización inclusiva y sostenible, y fomentar la innovación, KAMIOKANDE, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, neutrino: flux, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), neutrino, accretion, black hole, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Core-collapse supernovae, neutron star, Monte Carlo, physics.ins-det, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 16. Peace & justice, Supernova, neutrino: detector, 07.- Asegurar el acceso a energías asequibles, fiables, sostenibles y modernas para todos, supernova, neutrino astronomy, neutrino physics, Neutrino detector, Neutrino, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, supernova: collapse, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Observable universe, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Hyper-Kamiokande, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], High energy physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, supernova: model, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Black hole, Neutron star, Space and Planetary Science, neutrino: burst, galaxy, Neutrino astronomy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], astro-ph.IM
Abstract

Autorzy: Abe K., Adrich P., Aihara H., Akutsu, R., Alekseev I., Ali A. , Ameli F., Anghel I., Anthony L. H. V., Antonova M. , Araya A., Asaoka Y., Ashida Y., Aushev V., Ballester F., Bandac I., Barbi M., Barker G. J., Barr G., Batkiewicz-Kwasniak M., Bellato M., Berardi V., Bergevin M., Bernard L., Bernardini E., Berns L., Bhadra S., Bian J., Blanchet A., Blaszczyk F. d. M., Blonde A., Boiano A., Bolognesi S., Bonavera L., Booth N., Borjabad S., Boschi, T., Bose D., Boyd S . B., Bozza C., Bravar A., Bravo-Berguño D., Bronner C., Brown L., Bubak Arkadiusz, Buchowicz A., Buizza Avanzini M., Cafagna F. S., Calabria N. F., Calvo-Mozota J. M., Cao S., Cartwright S.L., Carroll A., Catanesi M. G., Cebriàn, S., Chabera M., Chakraborty, S., Checchia C., Choi J.H., Choubey S., Cicerchia M., Coleman J., Collazuol G., Cook L., Cowan G., Cuen-Rochin, S., Danilov M., Díaz López G., De la Fuente E., de Perio P., De Rosa G., Dealtry T., Densham C. J., Dergacheva A., Deshmukh N., Devi M. M., Di Lodovico F., Di Meo, P., Di Palma I., Doyle T. A., Drakopoulou E., Drapier O., Dumarchez J., Dunne P., Dziewiecki M., Eklund L., El Hedri S., Ellis J., Emery S., Esmaili A., Esteve R., Evangelisti A., Feely M., Fedotov S., Feng J., Fernandez P., Fernández-Martinez E., Ferrario P., Ferrazzi,B., Feusels T., Finch A., Finley C., Fiorentini A., Fiorillo G., Fitton M., Frankiewicz K., Friend M., Fujii Y., Fukuda Y., Galinski G., Gao J., Garde C., Garfagnini A., Garode S., Gialanella L., Giganti C., Gomez-Cadenas J.J., Gonin M., González-Nuevo J., Gorin A., Gornea R., Gousy-Leblanc V. Gramegna F. Grassi M. Grella G. Guigue M. Gumplinger P. Hadley D.R. Harada M., Hartfiel B., Hartz M., Hassani S., Hastings N.C., Hayato Y., Hernando-Morata J.A., Herrero V., Hill J., Hiraide K., Hirota S., Holin A., Horiuchi S., Hoshina K., Hultqvist K., Iacob F., Ichikawa A.K., Idrissi Ibnsalih W., Iijima T., Ikeda M., Inomoto M., Inoue K., Insler J., Ioannisian A., Ishida T., Ishidoshiro K., Ishino H., Ishitsuka M., Ito H., Ito S., Itow Y., Iwamoto K., Izmaylov A., Izumi N., Izumiyama S., Jakkapu M., Jamieson B., Jang H.I., Jang J.S., Jenkins S.J., Jeon S.H., Jiang M., Jo H.S., Jonsson P., Joo K.K., Kajita T., Kakuno H., Kameda J., Kano Y., Kalaczynski P., Karlen D., Kasperek J., Kataoka Y., Kato A., Katori T., Kazarian N., Kearns E., Khabibullin M., Khotjantsev A., Kikawa T., Kekic M., Kim J.H., Kim J.Y., Kim S.B., Kim S.Y., King S., Kinoshita T., Kisiel Jan, Klekotko A., Kobayashi T., Koch L., Koga M., Koerich L., Kolev N., Konaka A., Kormos L.L., Koshio Y., Korzenev A., Kotsar Y., Kouzakov K.A., Kowalik K.L., Kravchuk L., Kryukov A.P., Kudenko Y., Kumita T., Kurjata R., Kutter T., Kuze M., Kwak K., La Commara M., Labarga L., Lagoda J., Lamers James J., Lamoureux M., Laveder M., Lavitola L., Lawe M., Learned J.G., Lee J., Leitner R., Lezaun V., Lim I.T., Lindner T., Litchfield R.P., Long K.R., Longhin A., Loverre P., Lu X., Ludovici L., Maekawa Y., Magaletti L., Magar K., Mahn K., Makida Y., Malek M., Malinský M., Marchi T., Maret L., Mariani C., Marinelli A., Martens K., Marti L., Martin J.F. Martin D., Marzec J., Matsubara T., Matsumoto R., Matsuno S., Matusiak M., Mazzucato E., McCarthy M., McCauley N., McElwee J., McGrew C., Mefodiev A., Medhi A., Mehta P., Mellet L., Menjo H., Mermod P., Metelko C., Mezzetto M., Migenda J., Migliozzi P., Mijakowski P., Miki S., Miller E.W., Minakata H., Minamino A., Mine S., Mineev O., Mitra A., Miura M., Moharana R., Mollo C.M., Mondal T., Mongelli M., Monrabal F., Moon D.H., Moon C.S., Mora F.J., Moriyama S., Mueller Th.A., Munteanu L., Murase K., Nagao Y., Nakadaira T., Nakagiri K., Nakahata M., Nakai S., Nakajima Y., Nakamura K., Nakamura KI., Nakamura H., Nakano Y., Nakaya T., Nakayama S., Nakayoshi K., Nascimento Machado L., Naseby C.E.R., Navarro-Garcia B., Needham M., Nicholls T., Niewczas K., Nishimura Y., Noah E., Nova F., Nugent J.C., Nunokawa H., Obrebski W., Ochoa-Ricoux J.P., O’Connor E., Ogawa N., Ogitsu T., Ohta K., Okamoto K., O’Keeffe H.M., Okumura K., Onishchuk Y., Orozco-Luna F., Oshlianskyi A., Ospina N., Ostrowski M., O’Sullivan E., O’Sullivan L., Ovsiannikova T., Oyama Y., Ozaki H., Pac M.Y., Paganini P., Palladino V., Paolone V., Pari M., Parsa S., Pasternak J., Pastore C., Pastuszak G., Patel D.A., Pavin M., Payne D., Peña-Garay C., Pidcott C., Pinzon Guerra E., Playfer S., Pointon B.W., Popov A., Popov B., Porwit Kamil, Posiadala-Zezula M., Poutissou J.M., Pozimski J., Pronost G., Prouse N.W., Przewlocki P., Quilain B., Quiroga A.A., Radicioni E., Radics B., Rajda P.J., Renner J., Rescigno M., Retiere F., Ricciardi G., Riccio C., Richards B., Rondio E., Rose H.J., Roskovec B., Roth S., Rott C., Rountree S.D., Rubbia A., Ruggeri A.C., Ruggles C., Russo S., Rychter A., Ryu D., Sakashita K., Samani S., Sánchez F., Sánchez M.L., Sanchez M.C., Sano S., Santos J.D., Santucci G., Sarmah P., Sashima I., Sato K., Scott M., Seiya Y., Sekiguchi T., Sekiya H., Seo J.W., Seo S.H., Sgalaberna D., Shaikhiev A., Shan Z., Shaykina A., Shimizu I., Shin C.D., Shinoki M., Shiozawa M., Sinnis G., Skrobova N., Skwarczynski K., Smy M.B., Sobczyk J., Sobel H.W., Soler F. J. P., Sonoda Y., Spina R., Spisso B., Spradlin B., Stankevich K.L., Stawarz L., Stellacci S.M., Stopa K., Studenikin A.I., Suárez Gómez S.L., Suganuma T., Suvorov S., Suwa Y., Suzuki A.T., Suzuki S.Y., Suzuki Y., Svirida D., Svoboda R., Taani M., Tada M., Takeda A., Takemoto Y., Takenaka A., Taketa A., Takeuchi Y., Takhistov V., Tanaka H., Tanaka H.A., Tanaka H.I., Tanaka M., Tashiro T., Thiesse M., Thompson L.F., Toledo J., Tomatani-Sánchez A.K., Tortone G., Tsui K.M., Tsukamoto T., Tzanov M., Uchida Y., Vagins M.R., Valder S., Valentino V., Vasseur G., Vijayvargi A., Vilela C., Vinning W. G. S., Vivolo D., Vladisavljevic T., Vogelaar R.B., Vyalkov M.M., Wachala T., Walker J., Wark D., Wascko M.O., Wendell R.A., Wilkes R.J., Wilking M.J., Wilson M.R., Wronka S., Xia J., Xie Z., Xin T., Yamaguchi Y., Yamamoto K., Yanagisawa C., Yano T., Yen S., Yershov N., Yeum D.N., Yokoyama M., Yonenaga M., Yoo J., Yu I., Yu M., Zakrzewski T., Zaldivar B., Zalipska J., Zaremba K., Zarnecki G., Ziembicki M., Zietara K., Zito M., Zsoldos S., Core-collapse supernovae are among the most magnificent events in the observable universe. They produce many of the chemical elements necessary for life to exist and their remnants-neutron stars and black holes-are interesting astrophysical objects in their own right. However, despite millennia of observations and almost a century of astrophysical study, the explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae is not yet well understood. Hyper-Kamiokande is a next-generation neutrino detector that will be able to observe the neutrino flux from the next galactic core-collapse supernova in unprecedented detail. We focus on the first 500 ms of the neutrino burst, corresponding to the accretion phase, and use a newly-developed, high-precision supernova event generator to simulate Hyper-Kamiokandeʼs response to five different supernova models. We show that Hyper-Kamiokande will be able to distinguish between these models with high accuracy for a supernova at a distance of up to 100 kpc. Once the next galactic supernova happens, this ability will be a powerful tool for guiding simulations toward a precise reproduction of the explosion mechanism observed in nature.

Published
2022

15. Metabolic engineering of p-hydroxybenzoate in poplar lignin

Author

Yaseen Mottiar, Steven D. Karlen, Robyn E. Goacher, John Ralph, and Shawn D. Mansfield

Subjects
Plant Science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

Ester-linked p-hydroxybenzoate occurs naturally in poplar lignin as pendent groups that can be released by mild alkaline hydrolysis. These 'clip-off' phenolics can be separated from biomass and upgraded into diverse high-value bioproducts. We introduced a bacterial chorismate pyruvate lyase gene into transgenic poplar trees with the aim of producing more p-hydroxybenzoate from chorismate, itself a metabolic precursor to lignin. By driving heterologous expression specifically in the plastids of cells undergoing secondary wall formation, this strategy achieved a 50% increase in cell-wall-bound p-hydroxybenzoate in mature wood and nearly 10 times more in developing xylem relative to control trees. Comparable amounts also remained as soluble p-hydroxybenzoate-containing xylem metabolites, pointing to even greater engineering potential. Mass spectrometry imaging showed that the elevated p-hydroxybenzoylation was largely restricted to the cell walls of fibres. Finally, transgenic lines outperformed control trees in assays of saccharification potential. This study highlights the biotech potential of cell-wall-bound phenolate esters and demonstrates the importance of substrate supply in lignin engineering.

Published
2022

16. Modeling of Future COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths, by Vaccination Rates and Nonpharmaceutical Intervention Scenarios — United States, April–September 2021

Author

Cash Costello, Katriona Shea, Molly E. Gallagher, Xinyue Xiong, Michael A. Johansson, Matt Kinsey, D. Karlen, Przemyslaw J. Porebski, Lindsay T Keegan, Jessica Salerno, Shelby Wilson, Shaun A. Truelove, Alessandro Vespignani, Kunpeng Mu, Ajitesh Srivastava, Hannah R. Meredith, Pyrros A Telionis, Juan Dent, Emily Howerton, Ana Pastore y Piontti, Benjamin Hurt, Akhil Sai Peddireddy, Joseph Outten, Jiangzhuo Chen, Rachel B. Slayton, Lijing Wang, R. Freddy Obrecht, Madhav V. Marathe, Bryan Lewis, Claire P. Smith, Stephen A. Lauer, Luke C. Mullany, Matteo Chinazzi, Brian D. Klahn, Joshua Kaminsky, Kyra H. Grantz, James Schlitt, Kate Tallaksen, Michael C. Runge, Michael Kelbaugh, Javier Perez-Saez, Lauren Shin, Patrick Corbett, Justin Lessler, Nicholas G. Reich, Joseph C. Lemaitre, Matthew Biggerstaff, Willem G. van Panhuis, Anil Vullikanti, Lucie Contamin, John Levander, Kaitlin Rainwater-Lovett, Jessica M. Healy, Elizabeth C. Lee, Aniruddha Adiga, Cécile Viboud, Rebecca K. Borchering, Laura Asher, Jessica T. Davis, and Srinivasan Venkatramanan

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, COVID-19 Vaccines, Health (social science), Epidemiology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Physical Distancing, Population, Psychological intervention, Public Policy, 01 natural sciences, Masking (Electronic Health Record), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Health Information Management, Pandemic, medicine, Humans, Full Report, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0101 mathematics, education, education.field_of_study, Models, Statistical, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Public health, Vaccination, 010102 general mathematics, Masks, COVID-19, General Medicine, United States, Hospitalization, Intervention (law), business, Forecasting, Demography
Abstract

After a period of rapidly declining U.S. COVID-19 incidence during January-March 2021, increases occurred in several jurisdictions (1,2) despite the rapid rollout of a large-scale vaccination program. This increase coincided with the spread of more transmissible variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, including B.1.1.7 (1,3) and relaxation of COVID-19 prevention strategies such as those for businesses, large-scale gatherings, and educational activities. To provide long-term projections of potential trends in COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths, COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub teams used a multiple-model approach comprising six models to assess the potential course of COVID-19 in the United States across four scenarios with different vaccination coverage rates and effectiveness estimates and strength and implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) (public health policies, such as physical distancing and masking) over a 6-month period (April-September 2021) using data available through March 27, 2021 (4). Among the four scenarios, an accelerated decline in NPI adherence (which encapsulates NPI mandates and population behavior) was shown to undermine vaccination-related gains over the subsequent 2-3 months and, in combination with increased transmissibility of new variants, could lead to surges in cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. A sharp decline in cases was projected by July 2021, with a faster decline in the high-vaccination scenarios. High vaccination rates and compliance with public health prevention measures are essential to control the COVID-19 pandemic and to prevent surges in hospitalizations and deaths in the coming months.

Published
2021

18. Eudicot Nutshells: Cell-Wall Composition and Biofuel Feedstock Potential

Author

Rebecca A. Smith, Sarah Liu, Leta Landucci, John Ralph, and Steven D. Karlen

Subjects
Food industry, business.industry, General Chemical Engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, Biofuel feedstock, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pulp and paper industry, Cell wall, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fuel Technology, 020401 chemical engineering, chemistry, Lignin, Composition (visual arts), 0204 chemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Nutshells are the recalcitrant and membranous layers that encompass and provide protection to the seed of a fruit. Rich in lignin, these are often waste products of the food industry and are a pote...

Published
2020

19. Production of p-Coumaric Acid from Corn GVL-Lignin

Author

Ali Hussain Motagamwala, Vitaliy I. Timokhin, Matthew R. Regner, Canan Sener, James A. Dumesic, John Ralph, and Steven D. Karlen

Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, food and beverages, Biomass, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Fractionation, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Biorefinery, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, p-Coumaric acid, 0104 chemical sciences, Hydrolysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Corn stover, Environmental Chemistry, Lignin, Food science, 0210 nano-technology, Saponification
Abstract

Following biomass fractionation of corn stover using γ-valerolactone (GVL) pretreatment, the resulting lignin stream was subjected to base hydrolysis reactions to achieve the isolation of p-coumari...

Published
2020

20. Mechanistic Study of Diaryl Ether Bond Cleavage during Palladium‐Catalyzed Lignin Hydrogenolysis

Author

Benginur Demir, James A. Dumesic, Yanding Li, Hoon Kim, Jeremy S. Luterbacher, Shannon S. Stahl, John Ralph, and Steven D. Karlen

Subjects
General Chemical Engineering, Ether, macromolecular substances, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Hydrogenolysis, Environmental Chemistry, Organic chemistry, Lignin, General Materials Science, Reactivity (chemistry), Bond cleavage, fungi, Diphenyl ether, technology, industry, and agriculture, food and beverages, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, General Energy, Monomer, chemistry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Hydrogenolysis has emerged as one of the most effective means of converting polymeric lignin into monoaromatic fragments of value. Reported yields may be higher than for other methods and can exceed the theoretical yields estimated from measures of the content of lignin's most readily cleaved alkyl-aryl ether bonds in β-ether units. The high yields suggest that other units in lignin are being cleaved. Diaryl ether units are important units in lignin, and their cleavage has been examined previously using simple model compounds, such as diphenyl ether. Herein, the hydrogenolysis of model compounds that closely resemble the native lignin 4-O-5 diaryl ether units was analyzed. The results provided unexpected insights into the reactivity and partial cleavage of these compounds. The models and lignin polymer produced not only monomers, but also unusual 1,3,5-meta-substituted aromatics that appear to be diagnostic for the presence and the cleavage of the 4-O-5 diaryl ether unit in lignin.

Published
2020

21. Assessing the Viability of Recovery of Hydroxycinnamic Acids from Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Alkaline Pretreatment Waste Streams

Author

Mick McGee, Cynthia L. Cass, Mona Mazaheri, Sarah Liu, Vitaliy I. Tymokhin, Shawn M. Kaeppler, Christos T. Maravelias, Rebecca A. Smith, Yaoping Zhang, Steven D. Karlen, Troy Runge, Jose Serate, John C. Sedbrook, John Ralph, Natalia de Leon, Peyman Fasahati, Jason D. Russell, Heidi F. Kaeppler, Sirisha Sirobhushanam, Joshua J. Coon, Dharshana Padmakshan, Mingjie Chen, and Dan Xie

Subjects
industrial chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Biomass, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, p-Coumaric acid, Ferulic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, synthesis design, Environmental Chemistry, General Materials Science, acids, chemistry.chemical_classification, Full Paper, biomass, Chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), food and beverages, protein engineering, Full Papers, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Biorefinery, Hydroxycinnamic acid, Pulp and paper industry, 0104 chemical sciences, General Energy, Monolignol, 0210 nano-technology, Plant design
Abstract

The hydroxycinnamic acids p‐coumaric acid (pCA) and ferulic acid (FA) add diversity to the portfolio of products produced by using grass‐fed lignocellulosic biorefineries. The level of lignin‐bound pCA in Zea mays was modified by the alteration of p‐coumaroyl‐CoA monolignol transferase expression. The biomass was processed in a lab‐scale alkaline‐pretreatment biorefinery process and the data were used for a baseline technoeconomic analysis to determine where to direct future research efforts to couple plant design to biomass utilization processes. It is concluded that future plant engineering efforts should focus on strategies that ramp up accumulation of one type of hydroxycinnamate (pCA or FA) predominantly and suppress that of the other. Technoeconomic analysis indicates that target extraction titers of one hydroxycinnamic acid need to be >50 g kg−1 biomass, at least five times higher than observed titers for the impure pCA/FA product mixture from wild‐type maize. The technical challenge for process engineers is to develop a viable process that requires more than 80 % reduction of the isolation costs., Stream on: A competitive lignocellulosic biorefinery will need to produce multiple product streams that include liquid fuel, solid fuel, and commodity chemicals. In this study, some key parameters are identified for the extraction of the valuable commodity chemicals p‐coumaric acid and ferulic acid from one of the waste streams in an alkaline‐pretreatment‐based biorefinery.

Published
2020

22. Monolignol Benzoates Incorporate into the Lignin of Transgenic Populus trichocarpa Depleted in C3H and C4H

Author

Steven D. Karlen, Rebecca A. Smith, Quanzi Li, Jie Liu, Chenmin Yang, Ronald R. Sederoff, John Ralph, Rui Shi, Jack P. Wang, Vincent L. Chiang, Hou-min Chang, Sermsawat Tunlaya-Anukit, and Hoon Kim

Subjects
Populus trichocarpa, General Chemical Engineering, Transgene, macromolecular substances, 02 engineering and technology, Genetically modified crops, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Biosynthesis, Botany, Environmental Chemistry, Lignin, biology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, fungi, technology, industry, and agriculture, food and beverages, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, Benzoates, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, engineering, Biopolymer, Monolignol, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Lignin, an abundant renewable aromatic biopolymer, is an essential macromolecule in terrestrial vascular plants. Genetic modifications affecting monolignol biosynthesis, which produces lignin monom...

Published
2020

23. Identification and characterization of a set of monocot BAHD monolignol transferases

Author

Rebecca A Smith, Emily T Beebe, Craig A Bingman, Kirk Vander Meulen, Alexis Eugene, Alexander J Steiner, Steven D Karlen, John Ralph, and Brian G Fox

Subjects
Physiology, Transferases, fungi, Genetics, Arabidopsis, food and beverages, Oryza, Plant Science, Panicum, Lignin, Acyltransferases, Sorghum
Abstract

Plant BAHD acyltransferases perform a wide range of enzymatic tasks in primary and secondary metabolism. Acyl-CoA monolignol transferases, which couple a CoA substrate to a monolignol creating an ester linkage, represent a more recent class of such acyltransferases. The resulting conjugates may be used for plant defense but are also deployed as important “monomers” for lignification, in which they are incorporated into the growing lignin polymer chain. p-Coumaroyl-CoA monolignol transferases (PMTs) increase the production of monolignol p-coumarates, and feruloyl-CoA monolignol transferases (FMTs) catalyze the production of monolignol ferulate conjugates. We identified putative FMT and PMT enzymes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and have compared their activities to those of known monolignol transferases. The putative FMT enzymes produced both monolignol ferulate and monolignol p-coumarate conjugates, whereas the putative PMT enzymes produced monolignol p-coumarate conjugates. Enzyme activity measurements revealed that the putative FMT enzymes are not as efficient as the rice (Oryza sativa) control OsFMT enzyme under the conditions tested, but the SbPMT enzyme is as active as the control OsPMT enzyme. These putative FMTs and PMTs were transformed into Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to test their activities and abilities to biosynthesize monolignol conjugates for lignification in planta. The presence of ferulates and p-coumarates on the lignin of these transformants indicated that the putative FMTs and PMTs act as functional feruloyl-CoA and p-coumaroyl-CoA monolignol transferases within plants.

Published
2021

24. Oxidative Catalytic Fractionation of Lignocellulosic Biomass under Non-alkaline Conditions

Author

Shannon S. Stahl, Steven D. Karlen, Manar Alherech, Eric P Weeda, Cliff E. Foster, Colin W. Anson, Yanbin Cui, and Hao Luo

Subjects
Vanillin, Lignocellulosic biomass, General Chemistry, Fractionation, Chemical Fractionation, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Biochemistry, Syringaldehyde, Lignin, Wood, Catalysis, Article, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Populus, chemistry, Vanillic acid, Organic chemistry, Phenols, Cellulose, Oxidation-Reduction
Abstract

Biomass pretreatment methods are commonly used to isolate carbohydrates from biomass, but they often lead to modification, degradation, and/or low yields of lignin. Catalytic fractionation approaches provide a possible solution to these challenges by separating the polymeric sugar and lignin fractions in the presence of a catalyst that promotes cleavage of the lignin into aromatic monomers. Here, we demonstrate an oxidative fractionation method conducted in the presence of a heterogeneous non-precious-metal Co-N-C catalyst and O(2) in acetone as the solvent. The process affords a 15 wt% yield of phenolic products bearing aldehydes (vanillin, syringaldehyde) and carboxylic acids (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid), complementing the alkylated phenols obtained from existing reductive catalytic fractionation methods. The oxygenated aromatics derived from this process have appealing features for use in polymer synthesis and/or biological funneling to value-added products, and the non-alkaline conditions associated with this process support preservation of the cellulose, which remains insoluble at reaction conditions and is recovered as a solid.

Published
2021

25. Projected resurgence of COVID-19 in the United States in July—December 2021 resulting from the increased transmissibility of the Delta variant and faltering vaccination

Author

Teresa K. Yamana, Lucie Contamin Ms, Justin Lessler, Lijing Wang, Matteo Chinazzi, Alison L. Hill, Cécile Viboud, Joseph C. Lemaitre Ms, Xinyue Xiong, Jiangzhuo Chen, Marta Galanti, Ana Pastore y Piontti, Przemyslaw J. Porebski, Michelle Qin, Ajitesh Srivastava, Pyrros A Telionis, Srinivasan Venkatramanan, Anil Vullikanti, Jeffrey Shaman, Joshua Kaminsky Ms, Shi Chen, Luke C. Mullany, Alessandro Vespignani, Rajib Paul, Harry Hochheiser, John Levander, Michael C. Runge, Kunpeng Mu, Dustin Machi, Benjamin Hurt Ms, Jessica M. Healy, Juan Dent Hulse ScM, Aniruddha Adiga, Kate Tallaksen Ms, Elizabeth C. Lee, Joseph Outten, Rachel B. Slayton, Lauren Shin, Daniel Janies, Jean-Claude Thill, James Schlitt, Matt Kinsey, Rebecca K. Borchering, Jessica T. Davis Bs, Shaun A. Truelove, Stefan Hoops, Matthew Biggerstaff ScD, Emily Howerton, Kaitlin Rainwater-Lovett, Jessica Salerno Mph, D. Karlen, Claire P. Smith, Bryan Lewis, Nicholas G. Reich, Michael A. Johansson, Sen Pei, Javier Perez-Saez, Parantapa Bhattacharya, Patrick Corbett, Katriona Shea, Brian Klahn Ms, Akhil Sai Peddireddy Ms, Madhav V. Marathe, and Shelby Wilson

Subjects
Delta, medicine.medical_specialty, delta variant, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Psychological intervention, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, law.invention, law, disease modeling, Pandemic, medicine, Humans, human, Pandemics, General Immunology and Microbiology, General Neuroscience, pandemic, Public health, Vaccination, Outbreak, General Medicine, scenario projection, United States, sars-cov-2, Geography, Transmission (mechanics), covid-19, Demography
Abstract

SummaryWhat is already known about this topic?The highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant has begun to cause increases in cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in parts of the United States. With slowed vaccination uptake, this novel variant is expected to increase the risk of pandemic resurgence in the US in July—December 2021.What is added by this report?Data from nine mechanistic models project substantial resurgences of COVID-19 across the US resulting from the more transmissible Delta variant. These resurgences, which have now been observed in most states, were projected to occur across most of the US, coinciding with school and business reopening. Reaching higher vaccine coverage in July—December 2021 reduces the size and duration of the projected resurgence substantially. The expected impact of the outbreak is largely concentrated in a subset of states with lower vaccination coverage.What are the implications for public health practice?Renewed efforts to increase vaccination uptake are critical to limiting transmission and disease, particularly in states with lower current vaccination coverage. Reaching higher vaccination goals in the coming months can potentially avert 1.5 million cases and 21,000 deaths and improve the ability to safely resume social contacts, and educational and business activities. Continued or renewed non-pharmaceutical interventions, including masking, can also help limit transmission, particularly as schools and businesses reopen.

Published
2021

26. Electrochemical Aminoxyl-Mediated Oxidation of Primary Alcohols in Lignin to Carboxylic Acids: Polymer Modification and Depolymerization

Author

Steven D. Karlen, Shannon S. Stahl, Manar Alherech, and Mohammad Rafiee

Subjects
Polymers, Carboxylic Acids, macromolecular substances, Electrochemistry, Lignin, complex mixtures, Biochemistry, Redox, Article, Catalysis, Polymerization, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Organic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_classification, Primary (chemistry), Molecular Structure, Depolymerization, fungi, technology, industry, and agriculture, food and beverages, Electrochemical Techniques, General Chemistry, Polymer, chemistry, Alcohols, Scientific method, Oxidation-Reduction
Abstract

An electrochemical process has been developed for chemoselective oxidation of primary alcohols in lignin to the corresponding carboxylic acids. The electrochemical oxidation reactions proceed under mildly basic conditions and employ 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine N-oxyl (TEMPO) and 4-acetamido-TEMPO (ACT) as catalytic mediators. Lignin model compounds and related alcohols are used to conduct structure-reactivity studies that provide insights into the origin of the reaction selectivity. The method is applied to the oxidation of lignin extracted from poplar wood chips via a mild acidolysis method, and the reaction affords a novel polyelectrolyte material. Gel permeation chromatography data for the oxidized lignin shows that this material has a molecular weight and molecular weight distribution very similar to that of the extracted lignin, but notable differences are also evident. Base titration reveals a significant increase in the acid content, and the oxidized lignin has much higher water solubility relative to the extracted lignin. Treatment of the oxidized lignin under acidic conditions results in depolymerization of the material into characterized aromatic monomers in nearly 30 wt% yield.

Published
2019

27. A heterodimeric glutathione S-transferase that stereospecifically breaks lignin's β(R)-aryl ether bond reveals the diversity of bacterial β-etherases

Author

Kirk A. Vander Meulen, Daniel R. Noguera, Wayne S. Kontur, Daniel L. Gall, Kevin A. Walters, Timothy J. Donohue, Charles N. Olmsted, Steven D. Karlen, Emily T. Beebe, Larissa M. Yusko, and Alyssa V. Niles

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Novosphingobium, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, biology, Stereochemistry, Aryl, Protein subunit, Ether, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Biochemistry, Cofactor, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 030104 developmental biology, Stereospecificity, chemistry, Cleave, biology.protein, Asparagine, Molecular Biology
Abstract

Lignin is a heterogeneous polymer of aromatic subunits that is a major component of lignocellulosic plant biomass. Understanding how microorganisms deconstruct lignin is important for understanding the global carbon cycle and could aid in developing systems for processing plant biomass into valuable commodities. Sphingomonad bacteria use stereospecific glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) called β-etherases to cleave the β-aryl ether (β-O-4) bond, the most common bond between aromatic subunits in lignin. Previously characterized bacterial β-etherases are homodimers that fall into two distinct GST subclasses: LigE homologues, which cleave the β(R) stereoisomer of the bond, and LigF homologues, which cleave the β(S) stereoisomer. Here, we report on a heterodimeric β-etherase (BaeAB) from the sphingomonad Novosphingobium aromaticivorans that stereospecifically cleaves the β(R)-aryl ether bond of the di-aromatic compound β-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-γ-hydroxypropiovanillone (MPHPV). BaeAB's subunits are phylogenetically distinct from each other and from other β-etherases, although they are evolutionarily related to LigF, despite the fact that BaeAB and LigF cleave different β-aryl ether bond stereoisomers. We identify amino acid residues in BaeAB's BaeA subunit important for substrate binding and catalysis, including an asparagine that is proposed to activate the GSH cofactor. We also show that BaeAB homologues from other sphingomonads can cleave β(R)-MPHPV and that they may be as common in bacteria as LigE homologues. Our results suggest that the ability to cleave the β-aryl ether bond arose independently at least twice in GSTs and that BaeAB homologues may be important for cleaving the β(R)-aryl ether bonds of lignin-derived oligomers in nature.

Published
2019

28. Supercritical methanol depolymerization and hydrodeoxygenation of lignin and biomass over reduced copper porous metal oxides

Author

Peter H. Galebach, Steven D. Karlen, Daniel J. McClelland, J. Scott Buchanan, Ali Hussain Motagamwala, Ashley M. Wittrig, George W. Huber, and James A. Dumesic

Subjects
Maple, 010405 organic chemistry, Depolymerization, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Supercritical fluid, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, engineering, Environmental Chemistry, Lignin, Organic chemistry, Phenols, Methanol, Hydrodeoxygenation
Abstract

Supercritical methanol depolymerization and hydrodeoxygenation (SCM-DHDO) of maple wood and lignin extracted with GVL from maple wood, was studied using a copper porous metal oxide catalyst. Phenols (P or H), guaiacols (G), and syringols (S) with deoxygenated 1 to 3-carbon (C1–C3) alkyl tails were the early products (15 min reaction time) from both the maple wood and the GVL extracted lignin. Furthermore, at 15 min reaction time, the maple wood products showed increased levels of demethoxylation with an S/G/P ratio of 1.0/4.2/1.2 versus 1.0/1.0/0.1 from the GVL extracted lignin products. After 4 h of reacting lignin monomers, dimers and trimers were produced with both the maple wood and extracted lignin. However, the 4 h maple wood products yielded twice the amount of lignin monomers (43.1%) as compared to the 4 h GVL extracted lignin products (20.1%). The GVL extracted lignin products were in the dimer to trimer molecular weight (MW, ∼180–750 Da) ranges whereas the maple wood products were in the monomer to dimer MW ranges (∼94–500 Da) according to the GPC results. NMR and FT-ICR MS analyses show that both the 4 h maple wood products and 4 h GVL extracted lignin products undergo a high degree of hydrodeoxygenation, saturation, and repolymerization by C–C bond formation. The higher yield of lignin monomers from the maple wood is likely due to the lower lignin concentration that occurs during the reaction whereas higher lignin concentration during the reaction leads to more oligomerization reactions.

Published
2019

29. Funneling aromatic products of chemically depolymerized lignin into 2-pyrone-4-6-dicarboxylic acid withNovosphingobium aromaticivorans

Author

Shannon S. Stahl, Wayne S. Kontur, Daniel R. Noguera, Manar Alherech, Timothy J. Donohue, Jose M. Perez, Steven D. Karlen, and Jason Coplien

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Novosphingobium, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Commodity chemicals, Depolymerization, fungi, food and beverages, macromolecular substances, 010402 general chemistry, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, 0104 chemical sciences, Polyester, chemistry.chemical_compound, Monomer, Dicarboxylic acid, chemistry, 2-Pyrone, Environmental Chemistry, Organic chemistry, Lignin
Abstract

Lignin is an aromatic heteropolymer found in plant biomass. Depolymerization of lignin, either through biological or chemical means, invariably produces heterogenous mixtures of low molecular weight aromatic compounds. Microbes that can metabolize lignin-derived aromatics have evolved pathways that funnel these heterogeneous mixtures into a few common intermediates before opening the aromatic ring. In this work, we engineered Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM12444, via targeted gene deletions, to use its native funneling pathways to simultaneously convert plant-derived aromatic compounds containing syringyl (S), guaiacyl (G), and p-hydroxyphenyl (H) aromatic units into 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), a potential polyester precursor. In batch cultures containing defined media, the engineered strain converted several of these depolymerization products, including S-diketone and G-diketone (non-natural compounds specifically produced by chemical depolymerization), into PDC with yields ranging from 22% to 100%. In batch cultures containing a heterogeneous mixture of aromatic monomers derived from chemical depolymerization of poplar lignin, 59% of the measured aromatic compounds were converted to PDC. Overall, our results show that N. aromaticivorans has ideal characteristics for its use as a microbial platform for funneling heterogeneous mixtures of lignin depolymerization products into PDC or other commodity chemicals.

Published
2019

30. Overexpression of a Sugarcane BAHD Acyltransferase Alters Hydroxycinnamate Content in Maize Cell Wall

Author

Steven D. Karlen, David M. Rancour, Michael L. Sullivan, Ronald D. Hatfield, Amanda Fanelli, Elisson Romanel, John Ralph, Diego Mauricio Riaño-Pachón, André Ferraz, Renato Vicentini, and Tatiane da Franca Silva

Subjects
biomass engineering, p-coumaric acid (pCA), Plant culture, Plant Science, BAHD acyltransferases, SB1-1110, ferulic acid (FA), biorefineries, Cell wall, Ferulic acid, Hydrolysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Biochemistry, Acyltransferase, Reductive cleavage, Gene expression, Derivatization, Gene, Original Research
Abstract

The purification of hydroxycinnamic acids [p-coumaric acid (pCA) and ferulic acid (FA)] from grass cell walls requires high-cost processes. Feedstocks with increased levels of one hydroxycinnamate in preference to the other are therefore highly desirable. We identified and conducted expression analysis for nine BAHD acyltransferase ScAts genes from sugarcane. The high conservation of AT10 proteins, together with their similar gene expression patterns, supported a similar role in distinct grasses. Overexpression of ScAT10 in maize resulted in up to 75% increase in total pCA content. Mild hydrolysis and derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) analysis showed that pCA increase was restricted to the hemicellulosic portion of the cell wall. Furthermore, total FA content was reduced up to 88%, resulting in a 10-fold increase in the pCA/FA ratio. Thus, we functionally characterized a sugarcane gene involved in pCA content on hemicelluloses and generated a C4 plant that is promising for valorizing pCA production in biorefineries.

Published
2021
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31. Stacking AsFMT overexpression with BdPMT loss of function enhances monolignol ferulate production in Brachypodium distachyon

Author

Rebecca A. Smith, Steven D. Karlen, John C. Sedbrook, Cynthia L. Cass, John Ralph, Deborah L. Petrik, and Dharshana Padmakshan

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Mutant, Plant Science, plant biotechnology, Biology, bioenergy, 01 natural sciences, Lignin, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Transferases, Transferase, Research Articles, Plant Proteins, chemistry.chemical_classification, bioengineering, biomass, fungi, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, BAHD acyltransferase, 030104 developmental biology, Enzyme, chemistry, Biochemistry, lignin acylation, DFRC method, Brachypodium distachyon, Monolignol, Agronomy and Crop Science, Flux (metabolism), Function (biology), 010606 plant biology & botany, Biotechnology, Brachypodium, Research Article
Abstract

Summary To what degree can the lignin subunits in a monocot be derived from monolignol ferulate (ML‐FA) conjugates? This simple question comes with a complex set of variables. Three potential requirements for optimizing ML‐FA production are as follows: (1) The presence of an active FERULOYL‐CoA MONOLIGNOL TRANSFERASE (FMT) enzyme throughout monolignol production; (2) Suppression or elimination of enzymatic pathways competing for monolignols and intermediates during lignin biosynthesis; and (3) Exclusion of alternative phenolic compounds that participate in lignification. A 16‐fold increase in lignin‐bound ML‐FA incorporation was observed by introducing an AsFMT gene into Brachypodium distachyon. On its own, knocking out the native p‐COUMAROYL‐CoA MONOLIGNOL TRANSFERASE (BdPMT) pathway that competes for monolignols and the p‐coumaroyl‐CoA intermediate did not change ML‐FA incorporation, nor did partial loss of CINNAMOYL‐CoA REDUCTASE1 (CCR1) function, which reduced metabolic flux to monolignols. However, stacking AsFMT into the Bdpmt‐1 mutant resulted in a 32‐fold increase in ML‐FA incorporation into lignin over the wild‐type level.

Published
2021

32. Measurements of ν̅ μ and ν̅ μ + ν μ charged-current cross-sections without detected pions or protons on water and hydrocarbon at a mean anti-neutrino energy of 0.86 GeV

Author

M. Barbi, T. Vladisavljevic, A. Longhin, A. Shaykina, M. Lawe, Michelangelo Pari, A. Blanchet, Thorsten Lux, Y. Sonoda, L. Molina Bueno, T. Kikawa, S. Parsa, V. Q. Nguyen, H. W. Sobel, M. Gonin, J. Xia, A. T. Suzuki, A. Dergacheva, C. E. R. Naseby, J. F. Martin, N. Kukita, M. Licciardi, T. Feusels, Y. Tanihara, C. Alt, T. Nakadaira, Shuji Tanaka, R. Shah, J. Lagoda, R. J. Wilson, M. Pavin, S. J. Jenkins, J. R. Wilson, D. Fukuda, L. O'Sullivan, Jochen Steinmann, Xianguo Lu, M. R. Vagins, H. Kikutani, J. G. Walsh, A. Bubak, P. Jonsson, R. A. Owen, P. Novella, K. Iwamoto, K. Niewczas, André Rubbia, Jaroslaw Pasternak, Y. Yoshimoto, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M. Miura, Marco Laveder, A. Zykova, J. P. Coleman, T. Hayashino, Yuto Ashida, A. J. Finch, R. Fukuda, C. Wret, A. Knox, T. Arihara, T. Sekiguchi, R. Akutsu, J. Morrison, N. McCauley, M. Guigue, A. Pritchard, P. B. Jurj, A. A. Sztuc, J. L. Palomino, G. Zarnecki, Patrick Dunne, P. Paudyal, A. Blondel, T. Koga, B. A. Popov, T. Honjo, A. Rychter, P. Hamacher-Baumann, Oleg Mineev, C. Pistillo, M. Jakkapu, M. Buizza Avanzini, B. Jamieson, G. Christodoulou, K. Nakamura, T. A. Doyle, E. Reinherz-Aronis, Keigo Nakamura, Takaaki Kajita, E. Rondio, B. Quilain, C. J. Densham, K. Yasutome, K. Fusshoeller, Hiroyuki Sekiya, S. L. Cartwright, F. Shaker, W. Uno, C. M. Nantais, F. Nova, K. Porwit, P. F. Denner, R. Fujita, Y. Fukuda, Kendall Mahn, A. K. Ichikawa, V. Paolone, Akitaka Ariga, Ko Okumura, G. Pintaudi, S. Moriyama, Kate Scholberg, D. Cherdack, M. Ziembicki, S. Roth, J. Kameda, J. Zalipska, C. Vilela, S. Kuribayashi, E. S. Pinzon Guerra, Th. A. Mueller, B. Radics, M. Ikeda, A. Zalewska, Federico Sanchez, B. Bourguille, Yousuke Kataoka, Z. Vallari, Y. Takeuchi, K. Wood, R.P. Kurjata, L. F. Thompson, S. Valder, T. Ogawa, T. Golan, M. Hartz, E. D. Zimmerman, C. McGrew, Masayuki Nakahata, C. Pidcott, L. Koch, Y. Asada, A. Gorin, G. A. Fiorentini, A. Knight, A. Shvartsman, N. Teshima, C. Checchia, A. Bravar, Vladimir Volkov, Y. Uchida, Shigeki Aoki, Yuichi Oyama, A. Nakamura, S. Suvorov, R. P. Litchfield, Takatomi Yano, Y. Hayato, C. Andreopoulos, R. A. Wendell, S. Bolognesi, H. M. O'Keeffe, J. Holeczek, S. Hassani, G. Fiorillo, T. Radermacher, Thomas B. Campbell, Yuki Fujii, K. Nakayoshi, D. Bravo Berguño, E. Radicioni, T. Kobata, W. H. Toki, Hiromasa Tanaka, V. A. Matveev, M. B. Smy, T. Towstego, L. Maret, P. N. Ratoff, T. Kutter, Koji Yamamoto, M. McCarthy, M. Zito, Hidekazu Kakuno, Pablo Fernandez, M. O. Wascko, S. Mine, G. Yang, E. Mazzucato, K. Kowalik, Laura Gutermuth Anthony, M. Yu, D. L. Wark, F. Di Lodovico, Yutaka Nakajima, Jan Kisiel, T. Bonus, M. Friend, Teppei Katori, Yanbin Wang, M. Tada, D. J. Payne, K. Abe, T. Okusawa, Jungsang Kim, S. Y. Suzuki, N. Izumi, D. Vargas, J. Dumarchez, N. Chikuma, Vincenzo Berardi, D. Barrow, Etam Noah, C. Bronner, Steven C. Johnson, S. Nakayama, F. J. P. Soler, L. L. Kormos, W. Shorrock, Masaki Ishitsuka, Yoshihiro Suzuki, M. Kuze, T. Tsukamoto, K. Skwarczynski, L. Labarga, A. Eguchi, K. Sakashita, S. M. Oser, L. Berns, S. Yen, M. Hogan, T. Kobayashi, N. C. Hastings, M. Antonova, R. Okada, T. Odagawa, Yoshikazu Yamada, A. N. Khotjantsev, Alan Cosimo Ruggeri, J. Schwehr, D. Karlen, T. Yoshida, Y. Seiya, A. Minamino, Hidetoshi Kubo, A. D. Marino, Hyun-Chul Kim, A. Izmaylov, L. Pickering, Y. Nishimura, S. Manly, S. Ban, S. Bienstock, K. M. Tsui, K. S. McFarland, F. Bench, A. C. Weber, Y. Katayama, G. Vasseur, C. Jesús-Valls, C. Ruggles, G. Santucci, O. Drapier, D. A. Harris, S. Emery-Schrenk, H. K. Tanaka, T. Wachala, T. Ishida, S. P. Kasetti, N. Akhlaq, M. M. Khabibullin, S. L. Liu, M. Posiadala-Zezula, M. G. Catanesi, M. Malek, L. Magaletti, C. Giganti, N. Dokania, S. Berkman, Roberto Spina, A. C. Kaboth, A. Cervera, G. Collazuol, Mark Scott, M. Kabirnezhad, K. Mavrokoridis, J. A. Nowak, A. Chappell, Lars Eklund, T. S. Nonnenmacher, C. Barry, S. Murphy, C. Riccio, C. Mauger, T. Dealtry, E. T. Atkin, M. Cicerchia, Alexei Yu. Smirnov, Yuta Kato, K. Nishikawa, M. Lamoureux, L. N. Machado, J. T. Haigh, S. Zsoldos, V. Palladino, S. B. Boyd, L. Marti-Magro, K. Zaremba, Jan T. Sobczyk, Stephanie Bron, Atsushi Takeda, J. McElwee, D. Sgalaberna, Ahmed Ali, C. Francois, Y. Awataguchi, Xiao-yan Li, W. G. S. Vinning, C. Wilkinson, T. V. Ngoc, C. Yanagisawa, Gareth J. Barker, Yuuki Nakano, D. Coplowe, T. Ishii, A. Hiramoto, T. Hasegawa, Takahiko Matsubara, S. V. Cao, C. Touramanis, M. J. Wilking, M. Jiang, Antonio Ereditato, N. Yershov, T. Maruyama, K. Gameil, J. C. Nugent, G.D. Barr, S. King, F. Iacob, M. Mezzetto, D. R. Hadley, Y. Nagai, W. C. Parker, M. Tani, E. Kearns, G. C. Penn, Masashi Yokoyama, M. Tzanov, C. J. Metelko, Yu.A. Kudenko, A. Dabrowska, K. Matsushita, D. Brailsford, N. T. Hong Van, J. Walker, A. Mefodiev, S. Dolan, T. Lindner, A. Cudd, S. R. Dennis, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, C. M. Schloesser, C. K. Jung, Masato Shiozawa, L. Ludovici, A. Kostin, S. Bhadra, L. Cook, A. Beloshapkin, G. De Rosa, J. Calcutt, A. Shaikhiev, A. Konaka, L. Munteanu, M. Tajima, and Yusuke Koshio

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Hydrocarbon, Pion, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Energy (signal processing), Charged current, Bar (unit)
Abstract

We report measurements of the flux-integrated ν̅μ and ν̅μ + νμ charged-current cross-sections on water and hydrocarbon targets using the T2K anti-neutrino beam with a mean beam energy of 0.86 GeV. The signal is defined as the (anti-)neutrino charged-current interaction with one induced $\mu^\pm$ and no detected charged pion or proton. These measurements are performed using a new WAGASCI module recently added to the T2K setup in combination with the INGRID Proton Module. The phase space of muons is restricted to the high-detection efficiency region, $p_{\mu}>400~{\rm MeV}/c$ and $\theta_{\mu}200~{\rm MeV}/c$, $\theta_{\pi}600~{\rm MeV}/c$, $\theta_{\rm p}

Published
2021

33. The Hyper-Kamiokande Experiment -- Snowmass LOI

Author

Hyper-Kamiokande Collaboration, K. Abe, P. Adrich, H. Aihara, R. Akutsu, I. Alekseev, A. Ali, F. Ameli, L. H. V. Anthony, A. Araya, Y. Asaoka, V. Aushev, I. Bandac, M. Barbi, G. Barr, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M. Bellato, V. Berardi, L. Bernard, E. Bernardini, L. Berns, S. Bhadra, J. Bian, A. Blanchet, A. Blondel, A. Boiano, S. Bolognesi, L. Bonavera, S. Borjabad, T. Boschi, D. Bose, S . B. Boyd, C. Bozza, A. Bravar, C. Bronner, A. Bubak, A. Buchowicz, M. Buizza Avanzini, F. S. Cafagna, N. F. Calabria, J. M. Calvo-Mozota, S. Cao, M. G. Catanesi, S. Chakraborty, J. H. Choi, S. Choubey, M. Cicerchia, J. Coleman, G. Collazuol, S. Cuen-Rochin, M. Danilov, E. De la Fuente, P. de Perio, G. De Rosa, T. Dealtry, C. J. Densham, A. Dergacheva, N. Deshmukh, M. M. Devi, F. Di Lodovico, P. Di Meo, I. Di Palma, T. A. Doyle, E. Drakopoulou, O. Drapier, J. Dumarchez, L. Eklund, S. El Hedri, J. Ellis, S. Emery, A. Esmaili, S. Fedotov, J. Feng, E. Fernández-Martinez, P. Ferrario, B. Ferrazzi, A. Finch, C. Finley, G. Fiorillo, M. Fitton, M. Friend, Y. Fujii, Y. Fukuda, G. Galinski, J. Gao, C. Garde, A. Garfagnini, S. Garode, L. Gialanella, C. Giganti, J. J. Gomez-Cadenas, M. Gonin, J. González-Nuevo, A. Gorin, R. Gornea, F. Gramegna, M. Grassi, G. Grella, M. Guigue, D. R. Hadley, M. Harada, M. Hartz, S. Hassani, N. C. Hastings, Y. Hayato, K. Hiraide, K. Hoshina, K. Hultqvist, F. Iacob, A. K. Ichikawa, W. Idrissi Ibnsalih, M. Ikeda, M. Inomoto, A. Ioannisian, T. Ishida, K. Ishidoshiro, H. Ishino, M. Ishitsuka, H. Ito, S. Ito, Y. Itow, K. Iwamoto, N. Izumi, S. Izumiyama, M. Jakkapu, B. Jamieson, J. S. Jang, H. S. Jo, P. Jonsson, K. K. Joo, T. Kajita, H. Kakuno, J. Kameda, Y. Kano, D. Karlen, Y. Kataoka, A. Kato, T. Katori, N. Kazarian, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, T. Kikawa, J. Y. Kim, S. B. Kim, S. King, T. Kinoshita, J. Kisiel, A. Klekotko, T. Kobayashi, L. Koerich, N. Kolev, A. Konaka, L. L. Kormos, Y. Koshio, Y. Kotsar, K. A. Kouzakov, K. L. Kowalik, L. Kravchuk, A. P. Kryukov, Y. Kudenko, T. Kumita, R. Kurjata, T. Kutter, M. Kuze, K. Kwak, M. La Commara, L. Labarga, J. Lagoda, M. Lamoureux, M. Laveder, L. Lavitola, J. Lee, R. Leitner, V. Lezaun, I. T. Lim, T. Lindner, R. P. Litchfield, K. R. Long, A. Longhin, P. Loverre, X. Lu, L. Ludovici, Y. Maekawa, L. Magaletti, K. Magar, Y. Makida, M. Malek, M. Malinský, T. Marchi, C. Mariani, A. Marinelli, K. Martens, Ll. Marti, J. F. Martin, D. Martin, J. Marzec, T. Matsubara, R. Matsumoto, N. McCauley, A. Medhi, P. Mehta, L. Mellet, H. Menjo, M. Mezzetto, J. Migenda, P. Migliozzi, S. Miki, A. Minamino, S. Mine, O. Mineev, A. Mitra, M. Miura, R. Moharana, C. M. Mollo, T. Mondal, M. Mongelli, F. Monrabal, D. H. Moon, C. S. Moon, S. Moriyama, T. Mueller, Y. Nagao, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakagiri, M. Nakahata, S. Nakai, Y. Nakajima, K. Nakamura, KI. Nakamura, H. Nakamura, Y. Nakano, T. Nakaya, S. Nakayama, K. Nakayoshi, L. Nascimento Machado, C. E. R. Naseby, B. Navarro-Garcia, M. Needham, K. Niewczas, Y. Nishimura, F. Nova, J. C. Nugent, H. Nunokawa, W. Obrebski, J. P. Ochoa-Ricoux, E. O'Connor, N. Ogawa, T. Ogitsu, K. Okamoto, H. M. O'Keeffe, K. Okumura, Y. Onishchuk, F. Orozco-Luna, A. Oshlianskyi, N. Ospina, M. Ostrowski, E. O'Sullivan, Y. Oyama, H. Ozaki, M. Y. Pac, P. Paganini, V. Palladino, M. Pari, J. Pasternak, C. Pastore, G. Pastuszak, D. A. Patel, M. Pavin, D. Payne, C. Peña-Garay, C. Pidcott, S. Playfer, B. W. Pointon, A. Popov, B. Popov, K. Porwit, M. Posiadala-Zezula, G. Pronost, N. W. Prouse, B. Quilain, A. A. Quiroga, E. Radicioni, B. Radics, P. J. Rajda, M. Rescigno, G. Ricciardi, B. Richards, E. Rondio, B. Roskovec, S. Roth, C. Rott, A. Rubbia, A. C. Ruggeri, S. Russo, A. Rychter, D. Ryu, K. Sakashita, S. Samani, F. Sánchez, M. L. Sánchez, S. Sano, J. D. Santos, G. Santucci, P. Sarmah, K. Sato, M. Scott, Y. Seiya, T. Sekiguchi, H. Sekiya, J. W. Seo, D. Sgalaberna, A. Shaykina, I. Shimizu, C. D. Shin, M. Shinoki, M. Shiozawa, N. Skrobova, K. Skwarczynski, M. B. Smy, J. Sobczyk, H. W. Sobel, F. J. P. Soler, Y. Sonoda, R. Spina, B. Spisso, P. Spradlin, K. L. Stankevich, L. Stawarz, S. M. Stellacci, A. I. Studenikin, S. L. Suárez Gómez, T. Suganuma, S. Suvorov, Y. Suwa, A. T. Suzuki, S. Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, D. Svirida, M. Taani, M. Tada, A. Takeda, Y. Takemoto, A. Takenaka, A. Taketa, Y. Takeuchi, H. Tanaka, H. I. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, T. Tashiro, M. Thiesse, L. F. Thompson, A. K. Tomatani-Sánchez, G. Tortone, K. M. Tsui, T. Tsukamoto, M. Tzanov, Y. Uchida, M. R. Vagins, S. Valder, V. Valentino, G. Vasseur, A. Vijayvargi, W. G. S. Vinning, D. Vivolo, R. B. Vogelaar, M. M. Vyalkov, T. Wachala, J. Walker, D. Wark, M. O. Wascko, R. A. Wendell, J. R. Wilson, S. Wronka, J. Xia, Y. Yamaguchi, K. Yamamoto, T. Yano, N. Yershov, M. Yokoyama, J. Yoo, I. Yu, T. Zakrzewski, B. Zaldivar, J. Zalipska, K. Zaremba, G. Zarnecki, M. Ziembicki, K. Zietara, M. Zito, S. Zsoldos, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Hyper-Kamiokande, HEP, INSPIRE, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collaboration, Hyper-Kamiokande, Abe, K., Adrich, P., Aihara, H., Akutsu, R., Alekseev, I., Ali, A., Ameli, F., Anthony, L. H. V., Araya, A., Asaoka, Y., Aushev, V., Bandac, I., Barbi, M., Barr, G., Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M., Bellato, M., Berardi, V., Bernard, L., Bernardini, E., Berns, L., Bhadra, S., Bian, J., Blanchet, A., Blondel, A., Boiano, A., Bolognesi, S., Bonavera, L., Borjabad, S., Boschi, T., Bose, D., Boyd, S . B., Bozza, C., Bravar, A., Bronner, C., Bubak, A., Buchowicz, A., Buizza Avanzini, M., Cafagna, F. S., Calabria, N. F., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Cao, S., Catanesi, M. G., Chakraborty, S., Choi, J. H., Choubey, S., Cicerchia, M., Coleman, J., Collazuol, G., Cuen-Rochin, S., Danilov, M., De la Fuente, E., de Perio, P., De Rosa, G., Dealtry, T., Densham, C. J., Dergacheva, A., Deshmukh, N., Devi, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Di Meo, P., Di Palma, I., Doyle, T. A., Drakopoulou, E., Drapier, O., Dumarchez, J., Eklund, L., El Hedri, S., Ellis, J., Emery, S., Esmaili, A., Fedotov, S., Feng, J., Fernández-Martinez, E., Ferrario, P., Ferrazzi, B., Finch, A., Finley, C., Fiorillo, G., Fitton, M., Friend, M., Fujii, Y., Fukuda, Y., Galinski, G., Gao, J., Garde, C., Garfagnini, A., Garode, S., Gialanella, L., Giganti, C., Gomez-Cadenas, J. J., Gonin, M., González-Nuevo, J., Gorin, A., Gornea, R., Gramegna, F., Grassi, M., Grella, G., Guigue, M., Hadley, D. R., Harada, M., Hartz, M., Hassani, S., Hastings, N. C., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Hoshina, K., Hultqvist, K., Iacob, F., Ichikawa, A. K., Idrissi Ibnsalih, W., Ikeda, M., Inomoto, M., Ioannisian, A., Ishida, T., Ishidoshiro, K., Ishino, H., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Ito, S., Itow, Y., Iwamoto, K., Izumi, N., Izumiyama, S., Jakkapu, M., Jamieson, B., Jang, J. S., Jo, H. S., Jonsson, P., Joo, K. K., Kajita, T., Kakuno, H., Kameda, J., Kano, Y., Karlen, D., Kataoka, Y., Kato, A., Katori, T., Kazarian, N., Khabibullin, M., Khotjantsev, A., Kikawa, T., Kim, J. Y., Kim, S. B., King, S., Kinoshita, T., Kisiel, J., Klekotko, A., Kobayashi, T., Koerich, L., Kolev, N., Konaka, A., Kormos, L. L., Koshio, Y., Kotsar, Y., Kouzakov, K. A., Kowalik, K. L., Kravchuk, L., Kryukov, A. P., Kudenko, Y., Kumita, T., Kurjata, R., Kutter, T., Kuze, M., Kwak, K., La Commara, M., Labarga, L., Lagoda, J., Lamoureux, M., Laveder, M., Lavitola, L., Lee, J., Leitner, R., Lezaun, V., Lim, I. T., Lindner, T., Litchfield, R. P., Long, K. R., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Lu, X., Ludovici, L., Maekawa, Y., Magaletti, L., Magar, K., Makida, Y., Malek, M., Malinský, M., Marchi, T., Mariani, C., Marinelli, A., Martens, K., Marti, Ll., Martin, J. F., Martin, D., Marzec, J., Matsubara, T., Matsumoto, R., Mccauley, N., Medhi, A., Mehta, P., Mellet, L., Menjo, H., Mezzetto, M., Migenda, J., Migliozzi, P., Miki, S., Minamino, A., Mine, S., Mineev, O., Mitra, A., Miura, M., Moharana, R., Mollo, C. M., Mondal, T., Mongelli, M., Monrabal, F., Moon, D. H., Moon, C. S., Moriyama, S., Mueller, T., Nagao, Y., Nakadaira, T., Nakagiri, K., Nakahata, M., Nakai, S., Nakajima, Y., Nakamura, K., Nakamura, Ki., Nakamura, H., Nakano, Y., Nakaya, T., Nakayama, S., Nakayoshi, K., Nascimento Machado, L., Naseby, C. E. R., Navarro-Garcia, B., Needham, M., Niewczas, K., Nishimura, Y., Nova, F., Nugent, J. C., Nunokawa, H., Obrebski, W., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., O'Connor, E., Ogawa, N., Ogitsu, T., Okamoto, K., O'Keeffe, H. M., Okumura, K., Onishchuk, Y., Orozco-Luna, F., Oshlianskyi, A., Ospina, N., Ostrowski, M., O'Sullivan, E., Oyama, Y., Ozaki, H., Pac, M. Y., Paganini, P., Palladino, V., Pari, M., Pasternak, J., Pastore, C., Pastuszak, G., Patel, D. A., Pavin, M., Payne, D., Peña-Garay, C., Pidcott, C., Playfer, S., Pointon, B. W., Popov, A., Popov, B., Porwit, K., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Pronost, G., Prouse, N. W., Quilain, B., Quiroga, A. A., Radicioni, E., Radics, B., Rajda, P. J., Rescigno, M., Ricciardi, G., Richards, B., Rondio, E., Roskovec, B., Roth, S., Rott, C., Rubbia, A., Ruggeri, A. C., Russo, S., Rychter, A., Ryu, D., Sakashita, K., Samani, S., Sánchez, F., Sánchez, M. L., Sano, S., Santos, J. D., Santucci, G., Sarmah, P., Sato, K., Scott, M., Seiya, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Sekiya, H., Seo, J. W., Sgalaberna, D., Shaykina, A., Shimizu, I., Shin, C. D., Shinoki, M., Shiozawa, M., Skrobova, N., Skwarczynski, K., Smy, M. B., Sobczyk, J., Sobel, H. W., Soler, F. J. P., Sonoda, Y., Spina, R., Spisso, B., Spradlin, P., Stankevich, K. L., Stawarz, L., Stellacci, S. M., Studenikin, A. I., Suárez Gómez, S. L., Suganuma, T., Suvorov, S., Suwa, Y., Suzuki, A. T., Suzuki, S., Suzuki, Y., Svirida, D., Taani, M., Tada, M., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Taketa, A., Takeuchi, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, H. I., Tanaka, M., Tashiro, T., Thiesse, M., Thompson, L. F., Tomatani-Sánchez, A. K., Tortone, G., Tsui, K. M., Tsukamoto, T., Tzanov, M., Uchida, Y., Vagins, M. R., Valder, S., Valentino, V., Vasseur, G., Vijayvargi, A., Vinning, W. G. S., Vivolo, D., Vogelaar, R. B., Vyalkov, M. M., Wachala, T., Walker, J., Wark, D., Wascko, M. O., Wendell, R. A., Wilson, J. R., Wronka, S., Xia, J., Yamaguchi, Y., Yamamoto, K., Yano, T., Yershov, N., Yokoyama, M., Yoo, J., Yu, I., Zakrzewski, T., Zaldivar, B., Zalipska, J., Zaremba, K., Zarnecki, G., Ziembicki, M., Zietara, K., Zito, M., and Zsoldos, S.

Subjects
nucleon: decay, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Cherenkov counter: water, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, J-PARC Lab, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), KAMIOKANDE, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], upgrade, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detector, neutrino: oscillation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], activity report
Abstract

Hyper-Kamiokande is the next generation underground water Cherenkov detector that builds on the highly successful Super-Kamiokande experiment. The detector which has an 8.4~times larger effective volume than its predecessor will be located along the T2K neutrino beamline and utilize an upgraded J-PARC beam with 2.6~times beam power. Hyper-K's low energy threshold combined with the very large fiducial volume make the detector unique, that is expected to acquire an unprecedented exposure of 3.8~Mton$\cdot$year over a period of 20~years of operation. Hyper-Kamiokande combines an extremely diverse science program including nucleon decays, long-baseline neutrino oscillations, atmospheric neutrinos, and neutrinos from astrophysical origins. The scientific scope of this program is highly complementary to liquid-argon detectors for example in sensitivity to nucleon decay channels or supernova detection modes. Hyper-Kamiokande construction has started in early 2020 and the experiment is expected to start operations in 2027. The Hyper-Kamiokande collaboration is presently being formed amongst groups from 19 countries including the United States, whose community has a long history of making significant contributions to the neutrino physics program in Japan. US physicists have played leading roles in the Kamiokande, Super-Kamiokande, EGADS, K2K, and T2K programs., 6 pages, prepared as Snowmass2021 LOI

Published
2020

34. First measurement of the charged current ν¯μ double differential cross section on a water target without pions in the final state

Author

J. R. Wilson, Jochen Steinmann, T. Koga, D. Cherdack, S. Valder, C. McGrew, Y. Hayato, C. Andreopoulos, A. Longhin, A. Shaykina, T. Vladisavljevic, Yoshikazu Yamada, Thorsten Lux, M. Gonin, L. Molina Bueno, F. Bench, W. G. S. Vinning, E. Kearns, A. T. Suzuki, M. Pavin, S. J. Jenkins, T. V. Ngoc, A. Knox, J. F. Martin, C. Alt, T. Sekiguchi, T. Nakadaira, Hiroyuki Sekiya, F. Nova, T. Tsukamoto, Masashi Yokoyama, Yasunari Suzuki, Keigo Nakamura, R. Fujita, Y. Fukuda, Kendall Mahn, N. T. Hong Van, Hyun-Chul Kim, G. Christodoulou, J. Walker, Y. Takeuchi, Xianguo Lu, A. Mefodiev, K. Niewczas, L. H. V. Anthony, André Rubbia, S. Moriyama, Masayuki Nakahata, C. Pidcott, T. Ishida, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, J. L. Palomino, Y. Uchida, C. K. Jung, A. Cervera, L. Maret, M. Kabirnezhad, T. S. Nonnenmacher, Masato Shiozawa, C. Barry, S. Murphy, L. Ludovici, P. N. Ratoff, T. Kutter, T. Golan, A. Shvartsman, K. Zaremba, Yuki Fujii, S. Bhadra, L. Cook, R. Akutsu, M. Lamoureux, M. Friend, Teppei Katori, Pablo Fernandez, K. Kowalik, N. Chikuma, D. Vargas, C. Pistillo, Atsushi Takeda, J. Dumarchez, J. Schwehr, D. Brailsford, E. Reinherz-Aronis, G. Fiorillo, S. Bolognesi, B. Quilain, V. Palladino, M. M. Khabibullin, Yuichi Oyama, A. Shaikhiev, Alessandro Ruggeri, R.P. Kurjata, O. Drapier, Y. Nakajima, M. McCarthy, S. R. Dennis, S. Suvorov, R. P. Litchfield, C. M. Schloesser, S. Nakayama, J. T. Haigh, F. Di Lodovico, C. Wilkinson, M. Tada, D. J. Payne, Koji Yamamoto, M. Kuze, M. Mezzetto, N. C. Hastings, A. Zykova, K. Sakashita, S. M. Oser, L. Berns, A. Nakamura, L. Pickering, W. C. Parker, D. Coplowe, Yanbin Wang, Y. Nishimura, S. Manly, C. Riccio, K. Abe, Asher Kaboth, Y. Seiya, L. Magaletti, C. Giganti, Jan Kisiel, M. Tzanov, T. Okusawa, T. Kobayashi, J. A. Nowak, C. Yanagisawa, Jungsang Kim, S. Y. Suzuki, A. Chappell, Lars Eklund, Yuta Kato, C. J. Metelko, K. Matsushita, T. Hayashino, R. Fukuda, S. Berkman, M. Zito, Gareth J. Barker, A. Beloshapkin, E. T. Atkin, S. B. Boyd, T. Wachala, Artur F. Izmaylov, G. De Rosa, S. Ban, J. Calcutt, C. Vilela, T. Ishii, N. Dokania, G. A. Fiorentini, A. Konaka, L. Munteanu, Ahmed Ali, W. H. Toki, M. B. Smy, Xiao-yan Li, E. Mazzucato, Yusuke Koshio, F. Shaker, D. Karlen, S. L. Liu, E. Rondio, N. McCauley, C. M. Nantais, J. Morrison, A. Pritchard, K. Porwit, G. Zarnecki, C. Checchia, M. Buizza Avanzini, Vladimir Volkov, Lester D.R. Thompson, B. Jamieson, Shuji Tanaka, J. Holeczek, T. Radermacher, Thomas B. Campbell, K. Nakayoshi, M. Hogan, Yu. Kudenko, A. A. Sztuc, C. Densham, S. Zsoldos, Patrick Dunne, M. Vagins, M. Barbi, A. N. Khotjantsev, P. F. Denner, K. M. Tsui, N. Kukita, M. Licciardi, M. Lawe, H. W. Sobel, T. Feusels, T. Matsubara, K. Iwamoto, M. G. Catanesi, Marco Laveder, J. P. Coleman, A. Gorin, P. Hamacher-Baumann, Takaaki Kajita, K. Yasutome, A. Zalewska, Federico Sanchez, A. Bravar, Vincenzo Berardi, F. J. P. Soler, S. Bienstock, G. Vasseur, V. Paolone, Z. Vallari, K. Wood, E. D. Zimmerman, R. A. Wendell, T. Maruyama, G.D. Barr, S. V. Cao, M. J. Wilking, C. Touramanis, M. Jiang, Antonio Ereditato, N. Yershov, K. Gameil, A. Hiramoto, T. Hasegawa, A. Minamino, C. Jesús-Valls, G. C. Penn, T. Dealtry, K. Mavrokoridis, A. Dabrowska, M. Malek, A. J. Finch, J. Lagoda, H. A. Tanaka, R. J. Wilson, Akitaka Ariga, B. Bourguille, S. Dolan, T. Lindner, Shigeki Aoki, A. Cudd, M. Guigue, V. Matveev, J. C. Nugent, S. King, Y. Awataguchi, P. Paudyal, B. Radics, Alexei Yu. Smirnov, Hidekazu Kakuno, S. Mine, G. Yang, A. K. Ichikawa, K. Nishikawa, S. L. Cartwright, F. Iacob, Jan T. Sobczyk, M. Ziembicki, M. Ikeda, Kimihiro Okumura, S. Roth, J. Kameda, K. Nakamura, J. Zalipska, Hidetoshi Kubo, D. R. Hadley, C. Francois, A. C. Weber, Y. Nagai, Yousuke Kataoka, E. S. Pinzon Guerra, Th. A. Mueller, D. Fukuda, O. V. Mineev, M. Posiadala-Zezula, A. Knight, R. Shah, G. Collazuol, Mark Scott, J. G. Walsh, L. O'Sullivan, R. A. Owen, P. Novella, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, H. M. O'Keeffe, M. Miura, C. Wret, L. Koch, B. A. Popov, L. L. Kormos, Masaki Ishitsuka, M. O. Wascko, M. Yu, C. Bronner, Kate Scholberg, T. Yoshida, Steven C. Johnson, S. Yen, K. S. McFarland, M. Antonova, M. Hartz, H. K. Tanaka, S. Emery-Schrenk, Yuto Ashida, D. Sgalaberna, A. Blondel, A. Rychter, W. Uno, E. Radicioni, D. L. Wark, W. Shorrock, T. Yano, A. D. Marino, Y. Sonoda, P. Jonsson, and L. Labarga

Subjects
Physics, Scattering cross-section, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, media_common.cataloged_instance, Library science, Christian ministry, Early career, European union, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, media_common
Abstract

We thank the J-PARC staff for superb accelerator performance. We thank the CERN NA61/SHINE Collaboration for providing valuable particle production data. We acknowledge the support of MEXT, Japan; NSERC (Grant No. SAPPJ-2014-00031), the NRC and CFI, Canada; the CEA and CNRS/IN2P3, France; the DFG, Germany; the INFN, Italy; the National Science Centre and Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; the RSF (Grant No. 19-12-00325) and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Russia; MINECO and ERDF funds, Spain; the SNSF and SERI, Switzerland; the STFC, UK; and the DOE, USA. We also thank CERN for the UA1/NOMAD magnet, DESY for the HERA-B magnet mover system, NII for SINET4, the WestGrid and SciNet consortia in Compute Canada, and GridPP in the United Kingdom. In addition, participation of individual researchers and institutions has been further supported by funds from the ERC (FP7), “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434, fellowship code LCF/BQ/IN17/11620050), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska- Curie Grants Agreement No. 713673 and No. 754496, and H2020 Grant No. RISE-GA822070-JENNIFER2 2020 and No. RISE-GA872549-SK2HK; the JSPS, Japan; the Royal Society, UK; French ANR Grant No. ANR-19- CE31-0001; and the DOE Early Career programme, USA.

Published
2020

35. A bacterial biosynthetic pathway for methylated furan fatty acids

Author

Joshua J. Coon, Timothy J. Donohue, Emily T. Beebe, Stephanie M. Olson, John Ralph, Steven D. Karlen, Brian G. Fox, Rachelle A. S. Lemke, Alan Higbee, and Kaitlin Morse

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, fatty acid modification, Phospholipid, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Biochemistry, oxygenated fatty acids, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, α-proteobacteria, cell signaling, Editors' Picks, fatty acyl methylase, Furans, Molecular Biology, phospholipid, chemistry.chemical_classification, Bacteria, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, biology, Fatty acid metabolism, Fatty Acids, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), Fatty acid, Cell Biology, polyunsaturated fatty acid, biology.organism_classification, Biosynthetic Pathways, furan fatty acid, Rhodopseudomonas, 030104 developmental biology, Enzyme, Fatty acid desaturase, fatty acid metabolism, chemistry, biology.protein, Editors' Picks Highlights, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract

Fatty acids play many important roles in cells and also in industrial processes. Furan fatty acids (FuFAs) are present in the lipids of some plant, fish, and microbial species and appear to function as second messengers in pathways that protect cells from membrane-damaging agents. We report here the results of chemical, genetic, and synthetic biology experiments to decipher the biosynthesis of the monomethylated FuFA, methyl 9-(3-methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl) nonanoate (9M5-FuFA), and its dimethyl counterpart, methyl 9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl) nonanoate (9D5-FuFA), in two α-proteobacteria. Each of the steps in FuFA biosynthesis occurs on pre-existing phospholipid fatty acid chains, and we identified pathway intermediates and the gene products that catalyze 9M5-FuFA and 9D5-FuFA synthesis in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 and Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009. One previously unknown pathway intermediate was a methylated diunsaturated fatty acid, (10E,12E)-11-methyloctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid (11Me-10t,12t-18:2), produced from (11E)-methyloctadeca-11-enoic acid (11Me-12t-18:1) by a newly identified fatty acid desaturase, UfaD. We also show that molecular oxygen (O2) is the source of the oxygen atom in the furan ring of 9M5-FuFA, and our findings predict that an O2-derived oxygen atom is incorporated into 9M5-FuFA via a protein, UfaO, that uses the 11Me-10t,12t-18:2 fatty acid phospholipid chain as a substrate. We discovered that R. palustris also contains a SAM-dependent methylase, FufM, that produces 9D5-FuFA from 9M5-FuFA. These results uncover the biochemical sequence of intermediates in a bacterial pathway for 9M5-FuFA and 9D5-FuFA biosynthesis and suggest the existence of homologs of the enzymes identified here that could function in FuFA biosynthesis in other organisms.

Published
2020

36. Measurement of the muon neutrino charged-current single π+ production on hydrocarbon using the T2K off-axis near detector ND280

Author

Rosario Castillo, B. A. Popov, Alexei Yu. Smirnov, K. Nishikawa, C. K. Jung, M. Ikeda, Masato Shiozawa, L. Ludovici, H. Kakuno, Kate Scholberg, L. Zambelli, Jan T. Sobczyk, S. Bhadra, M. Antonova, D. Hansen, T. Feusels, P. Novella, M. M. Khabibullin, J. C. Nugent, O. Drapier, S. King, E. Kearns, W. G. S. Vinning, M. McCarthy, Masashi Yokoyama, W. Shorrock, N. T. Hong Van, J. Walker, T. V. Ngoc, A. Mefodiev, C. Francois, K. Mavrokoridis, D. R. Hadley, T. Ishida, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, A. D. Marino, A. Hiramoto, T. Hasegawa, S. Tobayama, T. Lou, M. Lawe, J. Harada, H. W. Sobel, J. T. Haigh, Ryuji Tamura, F. Iacob, Gareth J. Barker, F. Nova, A. Shaikhiev, R. G. Calland, S. Bordoni, S. Yamasu, J. Holeczek, T. Radermacher, Thomas B. Campbell, K. Nakamura, P. Hamacher-Baumann, J. P. Coleman, K. Nakayoshi, L. Molina Bueno, A. T. Suzuki, F. Gizzarelli, F. Shaker, T. Tomura, B. Quilain, Vincenzo Berardi, A. Zalewska, Y. Nagai, J. F. Martin, N. D. Patel, F. J. P. Soler, Marco Laveder, T. Nakadaira, S. Valder, T. Shirahige, E. Radicioni, M. Ziembicki, J. Zalipska, J. Insler, F. Sanchez, Shin Sasaki, R. M. Berner, Yufeng Wang, K. Sakashita, S. M. Oser, S. Bienstock, J. L. Palomino, G. Vasseur, L. Berns, M. Posiadala-Zezula, T. Inoue, S. Zsoldos, T.S. Nonnenmacher, A. Ali, K. Iwamoto, Y. Nishimura, D. Shaw, W. H. Toki, Y. Takeuchi, A. Blondel, A. Rychter, Y. Kataoka, Akitaka Ariga, Ko Okumura, L. Pickering, G. Fiorillo, M. Hartz, M. Barbi, Alyssa Garcia, B. Bourguille, T. Kajita, K. Zaremba, P. Stowell, S. Mine, K. M. Tsui, Shigeki Aoki, C. Alt, Yutaka Nakajima, D. Karlen, Atsushi Takeda, G. Yang, S. V. Cao, L. Maret, K. Yasutome, Yoshihiro Suzuki, V. Matveev, A. Bravar, S. L. Liu, P. N. Ratoff, Alessandro Ruggeri, N. Kukita, M. Licciardi, W. Uno, M. Lamoureux, T. Thakore, T. Kutter, T. Matsubara, Hidetoshi Kubo, A. C. Weber, C. Touramanis, M. Friend, M. Jiang, Antonio Ereditato, N. Yershov, Y. Petrov, C. Wilkinson, T. Maruyama, S. Ban, T. Wachala, K. Kowalik, Teppei Katori, M. Hogan, G.D. Barr, G. Collazuol, N. Chikuma, Mark Scott, S. Berkman, T. Ishii, N. Dokania, P. P. Koller, A. Minamino, S. Bolognesi, C. Jesús-Valls, N. McCauley, M. Malek, J. Morrison, T. Golan, V. Paolone, T. Yano, Yoshikazu Yamada, Z. J. Liptak, Y. Awataguchi, Z. Vallari, C. W. Walter, Patrick Dunne, A. Shvartsman, W. Y. Ma, H. J. Kim, A. Pritchard, Yuki Fujii, A. N. Khotjantsev, E. D. Zimmerman, S. J. Jenkins, Todd D. Stewart, M. J. Wilking, Pablo Fernandez, D. Vargas, M. A. M. Rayner, G. Zarnecki, P. F. Denner, A. Knox, J. Dumarchez, J. Schwehr, T. Sekiguchi, M. Buizza Avanzini, Hiroyuki Sekiya, R. Fujita, F. Bench, C. Pistillo, B. Jamieson, Y. Fukuda, Kendall Mahn, Keigo Nakamura, D. Coplowe, D. Brailsford, K. Gameil, Y. Sonoda, C. J. Densham, L. Cook, I. Lamont, A. Cervera, C. Nielsen, M. Kabirnezhad, G. C. Penn, T. Hayashino, R. Fukuda, A. Dabrowska, S. R. Dennis, T. Koga, Per Jönsson, C. M. Schloesser, Shuji Tanaka, Davide Sgalaberna, T. Okusawa, R. Akutsu, Y. Seiya, D. Cherdack, M. R. Vagins, S. Y. Suzuki, K. Abe, C. McGrew, S. Dolan, T. Lindner, L. Koch, Y. Hayato, C. Andreopoulos, A. Cudd, A. C. Kaboth, T. Vladisavljevic, J. Y. Kim, E. Mazzucato, Thorsten Lux, Seiko Hirota, M. Gonin, Y. Ashida, W. Oryszczak, K. S. Wood, G. Christodoulou, M. Mezzetto, M. Zito, Y. Nakanishi, S. Moriyama, Yuichi Oyama, S. Suvorov, R. P. Litchfield, Masayuki Nakahata, C. Pidcott, Y. Uchida, M. Tzanov, C. J. Metelko, A. Longhin, A. Shaykina, Giovanni Fiorentini, K. Matsushita, Yu. Kudenko, E. T. Atkin, A. Beloshapkin, R. A. Intonti, G. De Rosa, Koji Yamamoto, M. Pavin, J. Calcutt, Masaki Ishitsuka, A. Konaka, L. Munteanu, Yusuke Koshio, Leïla Haegel, Takahiro Hiraki, O. V. Mineev, James R. Wilson, Yusuke Suda, C. Vilela, R. Shah, E. Rondio, R. A. Owen, A. Gorin, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M. Miura, C. Wret, C. M. Nantais, K. E. Duffy, H.A. Tanaka, S. Murphy, Xianguo Lu, M. Yu, J. M. Poutissou, C. Bronner, K. Niewczas, M. Guigue, P. Paudyal, J. Walsh, J. P. Lopez, J. Imber, L. H. V. Anthony, André Rubbia, S. L. Cartwright, K. Huang, K. Porwit, S. Manly, Xiao-yan Li, L. L. Kormos, W. Parker, P. Przewlocki, P. Lasorak, S. Martynenko, David A. Wark, J. Lagoda, R. J. Wilson, C. Checchia, Vladimir Volkov, A. Nakamura, Lester D.R. Thompson, R. Tacik, D. Fukuda, C. Riccio, M. G. Catanesi, L. O'Sullivan, T. Yoshida, K. S. McFarland, Jan Kisiel, L. Labarga, T. Kobayashi, H. K. Tanaka, A. Zykova, J. Amey, Alexander Finch, T. Dealtry, A. Missert, B. Radics, P. Martins, F. Di Lodovico, M. Tada, D. J. Payne, M. Kuze, N. C. Hastings, Steven C. Johnson, S. Nakayama, R. A. Wendell, S. Yen, S. Emery-Schrenk, T. Tsukamoto, A. K. Ichikawa, S. Roth, J. Kameda, Y. Azuma, E. S. Pinzon Guerra, Th. A. Mueller, A. Knight, J. Steinmann, H. M. O'Keeffe, T. Ovsyannikova, M. O. Wascko, C. Barry, B. Rossi, C. Yanagisawa, L. Magaletti, C. Giganti, V. Palladino, J. A. Nowak, E. Iwai, A. Chappell, A. A. Sztuc, E. Reinherz-Aronis, E. Scantamburlo, R.P. Kurjata, F. Hosomi, M. B. Smy, Lars Eklund, Yuta Kato, A. Hillairet, L. N. Machado, S. B. Boyd, and Artur F. Izmaylov

Subjects
Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), Pion, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Muon neutrino, Production (computer science), Neutrino, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Charged current
Abstract

We report the measurements of single and double differential cross section of muon neutrino charged-current interactions on carbon with a single positively charged pion in the final state at the T2K off-axis near detector using $5.56\times10^{20}$ protons on target. The analysis uses data control samples for the background subtraction and the cross section signal, defined as a single negatively charged muon and a single positively charged pion exiting from the target nucleus, is extracted using an unfolding method. The model dependent cross section, integrated over the T2K off-axis neutrino beam spectrum peaking at $0.6$~GeV, is measured to be $\sigma = (11.76 \pm 0.44 \text{(stat)} \pm 2.39 \text{(syst)}) \times 10^{-40} \text{cm}^2$~$\text{nucleon}^{-1}$. Various differential cross sections are measured, including the first measurement of the Adler angles for single charged pion production in neutrino interactions with heavy nuclei target.

Published
2020

37. Measurement of the charged-current electron (anti-)neutrino inclusive cross-sections at the T2K off-axis near detector ND280

Author

M. Gonin, Lars Eklund, C. Bronner, T. Vladisavljevic, E. Rondio, N. McCauley, C. M. Nantais, Thorsten Lux, K. Porwit, A. Eguchi, C. Touramanis, M. Jiang, Antonio Ereditato, N. Yershov, M. McCarthy, T. Lindner, T. Kikawa, Kevin Scott McFarland, S. Suvorov, R. P. Litchfield, S. Ban, M. Barbi, P. Hamacher-Baumann, L. Molina Bueno, B. Radics, B. Bourguille, A. Mefodiev, Vladimir Volkov, S. R. Johnson, J. Morrison, J. McElwee, C. E. R. Naseby, Lester D.R. Thompson, M. Mezzetto, N. Dokania, S. M. Oser, G. Pintaudi, Y. Ashida, A. Gorin, M. Ikeda, K. Nakayoshi, Kimihiro Okumura, M. J. Wilking, C. Alt, N. Teshima, A. T. Suzuki, Y. Nagai, Y. Fukuda, G. Christodoulou, P. B. Jurj, G. Zarnecki, M. Buizza Avanzini, F. Iacob, L. Berns, T. Towstego, S. Murphy, S. Bolognesi, C. K. Jung, B. Quilain, J. Kameda, T. Okusawa, Alexander N. Smirnov, K. Nakamura, K. Sakashita, M. Kuze, G.D. Barr, K. Niewczas, M. M. Khabibullin, R. Wendell, Y. Tanihara, Th. A. Mueller, N. Kukita, M. Licciardi, T. Feusels, T. Hayashino, R. Fukuda, C. Wilkinson, C. Giganti, S. Kuribayashi, R. Akutsu, M. Vagins, M. Yu, T. Kobata, S. Mine, D. Brailsford, T. Radermacher, A. Bubak, K. Iwamoto, A. Knox, T. Arihara, Y. Hayato, L. Ludovici, S. Parsa, J. Steinmann, T. Honjo, Y. Nakajima, G. Fiorillo, Hiroyuki Sekiya, F. Nova, Y. Oyama, Hyun-Chul Kim, V. Paolone, P. Novella, Jaroslaw Pasternak, K. Mavrokoridis, Y. Fujii, A. Konaka, J. L. Palomino, R. Fujita, D. Karlen, L. Pickering, C. Ruggles, G. Santucci, S. L. Liu, Z. Vallari, K. Wood, Masayuki Nakahata, C. Pidcott, Y. Uchida, E. D. Zimmerman, E. Mazzucato, A. Takeda, J. C. Nugent, Keigo Nakamura, C. Vilela, Kendall Mahn, A. Rychter, C. Checchia, A. Longhin, M. Friend, A. Shaykina, J. Lagoda, S. R. Dennis, Yoshihiro Suzuki, K. M. Tsui, C. M. Schloesser, Robert Wilson, C. Barry, A. Hiramoto, R.P. Kurjata, Marco Laveder, S. King, A. Izmaylov, A. C. Kaboth, S. P. Kasetti, J. Zalipska, R. Shah, T. Kobayashi, M. G. Catanesi, T. Hasegawa, A. Blondel, D. Sgalaberna, C. Jesús-Valls, Alexander Finch, L. N. Machado, J. Holeczek, Michelangelo Pari, Shuji Tanaka, G. De Rosa, J. G. Walsh, Y. Takeuchi, R. A. Owen, X. Junjie, H. Kikutani, A. Cervera, K. Yamamoto, D. R. Hadley, L. Marti-Magro, F. Bench, K. Zaremba, J. T. Haigh, O. Drapier, S. Yen, D. Cherdack, Y. Kato, S. Valder, A. Pritchard, T. Campbell, Y. Kataoka, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, E. T. Atkin, K. Yasutome, V. A. Matveev, C. Metelko, C. Wret, T. Nakadaira, N. Akhlaq, T. Kajita, M. Lawe, T. Wachala, L. Maret, M. Tani, T. Sekiguchi, Stephanie Bron, C. Riccio, T. Dealtry, K. Abe, C. McGrew, M. Pavin, S. J. Jenkins, L. Koch, M. Guigue, T. Tsukamoto, Akitaka Ariga, D. Coplowe, A. Beloshapkin, M. Miura, F. Di Lodovico, A. A. Sztuc, Federico Sanchez, E. S. Pinzon Guerra, M. Tada, Vincenzo Berardi, G. A. Fiorentini, P. Paudyal, A. Bravar, M. Kabirnezhad, C. Andreopoulos, A. Zykova, W. Toki, Y. Awataguchi, D. Barrow, T. Ishii, P. N. Ratoff, Yu. G. Kudenko, Etam Noah, F. J. P. Soler, T. Kutter, S. L. Cartwright, T. Bonus, N. C. Hastings, D. G. Payne, H. Kubo, A. Nakamura, S. Nakayama, J. Calcutt, Y. Asada, Hiromasa Tanaka, P. Jonsson, Ahmed Ali, M. Hogan, Shigeki Aoki, G. C. Penn, L. Labarga, Alan Cosimo Ruggeri, Y. Nishimura, Gareth J. Barker, M. B. Smy, A. Knight, Y. Seiya, L. Munteanu, H. Sobel, T. Ishida, T. Odagawa, Xiao-yan Li, T. S. Nonnenmacher, S. Bienstock, M. Tajima, Yusuke Koshio, Teppei Katori, L. L. Kormos, H. M. O'Keeffe, E. Radicioni, M. Lamoureux, Y. Sonoda, J. P. Coleman, Laura Gutermuth Anthony, K. Kowalik, S. Zsoldos, S. Roth, C. Pistillo, A. Dabrowska, F. Shaker, T. Matsubara, D. L. Wark, G. Vasseur, V. Palladino, Patrick Dunne, N. Chikuma, J. A. Nowak, W. C. Parker, M. O. Wascko, A. Chappell, E. Kearns, Sy Suzuki, A. N. Khotjantsev, A. K. Ichikawa, J. F. Martin, M. Tzanov, M. Jakkapu, J. R. Wilson, M. Ishitsuka, W. Shorrock, J. Kisiel, Yuuki Nakano, S. Manly, P. F. Denner, A. Minamino, T. Yano, M. Antonova, K. Matsushita, A. D. Marino, R. Okada, T. Ogawa, Y. Katayama, S. Emery-Schrenk, M. Malek, S. Moriyama, Samira Hassani, T. A. Doyle, Jan T. Sobczyk, S. Dolan, C. Densham, A. Cudd, T. Koga, Oleg Mineev, C. Francois, M. Ziembicki, Yufeng Wang, M. Zito, Hidekazu Kakuno, Y. Yamada, G. Yang, S. B. Boyd, N. Izumi, B. A. Popov, B. Jamieson, A. Zalewska, T. Golan, A. Shvartsman, K. Fusshoeller, D. Bravo Berguño, Pablo Fernandez, Kate Scholberg, H. K. Tanaka, D. Vargas, A. C. Weber, J. Dumarchez, J. Schwehr, M. Posiadala-Zezula, G. Collazuol, Mark Scott, T. Yoshida, M. Cicerchia, W. G. S. Vinning, T. Maruyama, T. V. Ngoc, A. Shaikhiev, E. Reinherz-Aronis, K. Nishikawa, Masashi Yokoyama, N. T. Hong Van, J. Walker, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, C. Mauger, Masato Shiozawa, A. Kostin, D. Fukuda, S. Bhadra, L. Cook, L. O'Sullivan, Xianguo Lu, M. Hartz, André Rubbia, L. Magaletti, C. Yanagisawa, S. V. Cao, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Abe, K., Akutsu, R., Ali, A., Alt, C., Andreopoulos, C., Anthony, L., Antonova, M., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ashida, Y., Atkin, E. T., Awataguchi, Y., Ban, S., Barbi, M., Barker, G. J., Barr, G., Barry, C., Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M., Beloshapkin, A., Bench, F., Berardi, V., Berkman, S., Berns, L., Bhadra, S., Bienstock, S., Blondel, A., Bolognesi, S., Bourguille, B., Boyd, S. B., Brailsford, D., Bravar, A., Berguno, D. Bravo, Bronner, C., Bubak, A., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Calcutt, J., Campbell, T., Cao, S., Cartwright, S. L., Catanesi, M. G., Cervera, A., Chappell, A., Checchia, C., Cherdack, D., Chikuma, N., Christodoulou, G., Coleman, J., Collazuol, G., Cook, L., Coplowe, D., Cudd, A., Dabrowska, A., De Rosa, G., Dealtry, T., Denner, P. F., Dennis, S. R., Densham, C., Di Lodovico, F., Dokania, N., Dolan, S., Drapier, O., Dumarchez, J., Dunne, P., Eklund, L., Emery-Schrenk, S., Ereditato, A., Fernandez, P., Feusels, T., Finch, A. J., Fiorentini, G. A., Fiorillo, G., Francois, C., Friend, M., Fujii, Y., Fujita, R., Fukuda, D., Fukuda, R., Fukuda, Y., Gameil, K., Giganti, C., Golan, T., Gonin, M., Gorin, A., Guigue, M., Hadley, D. R., Haigh, J. T., Hamacher-Baumann, P., Hartz, M., Hasegawa, T., Hastings, N. C., Hayashino, T., Hayato, Y., Hiramoto, A., Hogan, M., Holeczek, J., Hong Van, N. T., Iacob, F., Ichikawa, A. K., Ikeda, M., Ishida, T., Ishii, T., Ishitsuka, M., Iwamoto, K., Izmaylov, A., Jamieson, B., Jenkins, S. J., Jesus-Valls, C., Jiang, M., Johnson, S., Jonsson, P., Jung, C. K., Kabirnezhad, M., Kaboth, A. C., Kajita, T., Kakuno, H., Kameda, J., Karlen, D., Kasetti, S. P., Kataoka, Y., Katori, T., Kato, Y., Kearns, E., Khabibullin, M., Khotjantsev, A., Kikawa, T., Kim, H., Kim, J., King, S., Kisiel, J., Knight, A., Knox, A., Kobayashi, T., Koch, L., Koga, T., Konaka, A., Kormos, L. L., Koshio, Y., Kowalik, K., Kubo, H., Kudenko, Y., Kukita, N., Kuribayashi, S., Kurjata, R., Kutter, T., Kuze, M., Labarga, L., Lagoda, J., Lamoureux, M., Laveder, M., Lawe, M., Licciardi, M., Lindner, T., Litchfield, R. P., Liu, S. L., Li, X., Longhin, A., Ludovici, L., Lu, X., Lux, T., Nascimento Machado, L., Magaletti, L., Mahn, K., Malek, M., Manly, S., Maret, L., Marino, A. D., Martin, J. F., Maruyama, T., Matsubara, T., Matsushita, K., Matveev, V., Mavrokoridis, K., Mazzucato, E., Mccarthy, M., Mccauley, N., Mcfarland, K. S., Mcgrew, C., Mefodiev, A., Metelko, C., Mezzetto, M., Minamino, A., Mineev, O., Mine, S., Miura, M., Bueno, L. Molina, Moriyama, S., Morrison, J., Mueller, Th. A., Munteanu, L., Murphy, S., Nagai, Y., Nakadaira, T., Nakahata, M., Nakajima, Y., Nakamura, A., Nakamura, K. G., Nakamura, K., Nakayama, S., Nakaya, T., Nakayoshi, K., Nantais, C., Ngoc, T. V., Niewczas, K., Nishikawa, K., Nishimura, Y., Nonnenmacher, T. S., Nova, F., Novella, P., Nowak, J., Nugent, J. C., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, L., Odagawa, T., Okumura, K., Okusawa, T., Oser, S. M., Owen, R. A., Oyama, Y., Palladino, V., Palomino, J. L., Paolone, V., Parker, W. C., Paudyal, P., Pavin, M., Payne, D., Penn, G. C., Pickering, L., Pidcott, C., Guerra, E. S. Pinzon, Pistillo, C., Popov, B., Porwit, K., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Pritchard, A., Quilain, B., Radermacher, T., Radicioni, E., Radics, B., Ratoff, P. N., Reinherz-Aronis, E., Riccio, C., Rondio, E., Roth, S., Rubbia, A., Ruggeri, A. C., Rychter, A., Sakashita, K., Sanchez, F., Schloesser, C. M., Scholberg, K., Schwehr, J., Scott, M., Seiya, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Sekiya, H., Sgalaberna, D., Shah, R., Shaikhiev, A., Shaker, F., Shaykina, A., Shiozawa, M., Shorrock, W., Shvartsman, A., Smirnov, A., Smy, M., Sobczyk, J. T., Sobel, H., Soler, F. J. P., Sonoda, Y., Steinmann, J., Suvorov, S., Suzuki, A., Suzuki, S. Y., Suzuki, Y., Sztuc, A. A., Tada, M., Tajima, M., Takeda, A., Takeuchi, Y., Tanaka, H. K., Tanaka, H. A., Tanaka, S., Thompson, L. F., Toki, W., Touramanis, C., Tsui, K. M., Tsukamoto, T., Tzanov, M., Uchida, Y., Uno, W., Vagins, M., Valder, S., Vallari, Z., Vargas, D., Vasseur, G., Vilela, C., Vinning, W. G. S., Vladisavljevic, T., Volkov, V. V., Wachala, T., Walker, J., Walsh, J. G., Wang, Y., Wark, D., Wascko, M. O., Weber, A., Wendell, R., Wilking, M. J., Wilkinson, C., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, R. J., Wood, K., Wret, C., Yamada, Y., Yamamoto, K., Yanagisawa, C., Yang, G., Yano, T., Yasutome, K., Yen, S., Yershov, N., Yokoyama, M., Yoshida, T., Yu, M., Zalewska, A., Zalipska, J., Zaremba, K., Zarnecki, G., Ziembicki, M., Zimmerman, E. D., Zito, M., Zsoldos, S., Zykova, A., Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), T2K, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-19-CE31-0001,SUNCORE,Incertitudes systématiques dans les combinaisons de résultats d'oscillations de neutrinos(2019)

Subjects
electron, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Monte Carlo method, far detector, Electron, KAMIOKANDE, antineutrino/mu: secondary beam, Other experiments, antineutrino/e: particle identification, 01 natural sciences, neutrino: flux, High Energy Physics - Experiment, charged current, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), secondary beam [neutrino/mu], [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], neutrino/e: particle identification, measured [total cross section], detector [neutrino], Charged current, Physics, 0105 Mathematical Physics, J-PARC Lab, Detector, Monte Carlo [numerical calculations], Nuclear & Particles Physics, angular dependence, neutrino: detector, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Neutrino, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, Particle Physics - Experiment, scattering [neutrino], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 530 Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, particle identification [antineutrino/e], FOS: Physical sciences, momentum dependence, secondary beam [antineutrino/mu], Nuclear physics, Momentum, differential cross section: measured, phase space, near detector, measured [differential cross section], 0103 physical sciences, neutrino: scattering, ddc:530, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, 0206 Quantum Physics, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, particle identification [neutrino/e], background, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, scintillation counter: target, flux [neutrino], neutrino/mu: secondary beam, total cross section: measured, target [scintillation counter], lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electron neutrino, experimental results
Abstract

The electron (anti-)neutrino component of the T2K neutrino beam constitutes the largest background in the measurement of electron (anti-)neutrino appearance at the far detector. The electron neutrino scattering is measured directly with the T2K off-axis near detector, ND280. The selection of the electron (anti-)neutrino events in the plastic scintillator target from both neutrino and anti-neutrino mode beams is discussed in this paper. The flux integrated single differential charged-current inclusive electron (anti-)neutrino cross-sections, dσ/dp and dσ/d cos(θ), and the total cross-sections in a limited phase-space in momentum and scattering angle (p > 300 MeV/c and θ ≤ 45°) are measured using a binned maximum likelihood fit and compared to the neutrino Monte Carlo generator predictions, resulting in good agreement., Journal of High Energy Physics, 2020 (10), ISSN:1126-6708, ISSN:1029-8479

Published
2020
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39. Search for Electron Antineutrino Appearance in a Long-baseline Muon Antineutrino Beam

Author

E. Rondio, N. McCauley, C. M. Nantais, K. Porwit, J. T. Haigh, M. McCarthy, Vladimir Volkov, Lester D.R. Thompson, M. Mezzetto, W. Toki, L. Molina Bueno, K. Nishikawa, A. A. Sztuc, E. S. Pinzon Guerra, M. Vagins, S. Mine, Xianguo Lu, F. Di Lodovico, M. Barbi, M. Tada, B. Radics, Masashi Yokoyama, C. Alt, K. M. Tsui, M. G. Catanesi, Yu. G. Kudenko, N. C. Hastings, N. T. Hong Van, Y. Takeuchi, K. Kowalik, J. Walker, R. Shah, S. V. Cao, V. Paolone, A. Knight, André Rubbia, B. Bourguille, L. Magaletti, M. Gonin, Y. Nishimura, G. De Rosa, J. G. Walsh, S. M. Oser, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, Alexander N. Smirnov, Th. A. Mueller, T. Towstego, Z. Vallari, K. Wood, R. A. Owen, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, D. Karlen, L. Maret, R. Akutsu, H. M. O'Keeffe, Y. Sonoda, P. N. Ratoff, T. Kutter, S. P. Kasetti, C. Ruggles, F. Iacob, L. Berns, E. D. Zimmerman, A. Cervera, A. Mefodiev, M. Ikeda, K. Nakayoshi, Kimihiro Okumura, N. Kukita, M. Licciardi, N. Chikuma, A. N. Khotjantsev, J. C. Nugent, S. King, T. Feusels, S. Bolognesi, Y. Ashida, A. Beloshapkin, Teppei Katori, K. Yamamoto, C. Wret, M. Guigue, J. A. Nowak, M. Miura, A. Shaikhiev, A. Chappell, T. Okusawa, M. O. Wascko, E. Kearns, S. L. Liu, C. Yanagisawa, Lars Eklund, Y. Oyama, J. Calcutt, G. Fiorillo, S. Berkman, B. Quilain, T. A. Doyle, P. Paudyal, C. Bronner, E. Radicioni, K. Niewczas, Hyun-Chul Kim, A. Izmaylov, J. Steinmann, M. M. Khabibullin, M. Zito, Hidekazu Kakuno, P. Novella, K. Nakamura, R. Wendell, E. Reinherz-Aronis, Y. Fukuda, G. Christodoulou, S. L. Cartwright, Vincenzo Berardi, D. Barrow, O. Drapier, L. Pickering, F. J. P. Soler, G. Yang, J. L. Palomino, J. Zalipska, E. T. Atkin, Y. Nakajima, K. Sakashita, M. Kuze, L. Marti-Magro, L. Munteanu, Alan Cosimo Ruggeri, K. Zaremba, Laura Gutermuth Anthony, C. Vilela, D. Fukuda, D. Sgalaberna, Hiroyuki Sekiya, F. Nova, T. Matsubara, C. Wilkinson, C. Touramanis, Y. Kato, M. Tajima, R. Fujita, S. Yen, K. Yasutome, D. L. Wark, S. Bienstock, L. O'Sullivan, A. Knox, M. Jiang, D. R. Hadley, S. Ban, Yusuke Koshio, Kendall Mahn, G. Vasseur, J. Lagoda, Yoshihiro Suzuki, L. N. Machado, Antonio Ereditato, Federico Sanchez, A. C. Weber, D. Brailsford, W. G. S. Vinning, J. Kameda, Y. Hayato, L. Ludovici, S. Murphy, N. Yershov, M. Ishitsuka, C. Giganti, S. Kuribayashi, J. R. Wilson, C. Jesús-Valls, Alexander Finch, S. Nakayama, Masayuki Nakahata, C. Pidcott, W. Shorrock, Kevin Scott McFarland, T. Radermacher, M. Posiadala-Zezula, Robert Wilson, T. Maruyama, Sy Suzuki, T. Wachala, M. Yu, S. Moriyama, Y. Seiya, T. V. Ngoc, M. Antonova, C. Barry, Y. Uchida, C. Checchia, T. Yano, H. Sobel, T. Koga, R.P. Kurjata, G. Collazuol, T. S. Nonnenmacher, Mark Scott, T. Yoshida, P. Hamacher-Baumann, S. R. Dennis, Y. Fujii, C. M. Schloesser, Jungsang Kim, A. D. Marino, A. Longhin, M. Friend, A. Shaykina, A. Blondel, M. Lamoureux, Masato Shiozawa, A. Takeda, B. Jamieson, A. Zalewska, A. C. Kaboth, N. Dokania, G. A. Fiorentini, S. R. Johnson, T. Golan, S. Emery-Schrenk, J. Holeczek, S. Zsoldos, A. Pritchard, V. Palladino, A. Shvartsman, T. Kobayashi, G. C. Penn, T. Sekiguchi, D. Bravo Berguño, W. Uno, Ahmed Ali, C. Pistillo, C. Riccio, Pablo Fernandez, A. Dabrowska, M. B. Smy, A. Kostin, B. A. Popov, C. Metelko, D. Coplowe, T. Dealtry, S. Bhadra, L. Cook, G.D. Barr, M. Jakkapu, D. Vargas, Xiao-yan Li, J. Dumarchez, J. Schwehr, M. Hartz, A. Bravar, S. Dolan, T. Ishii, C. Densham, A. Cudd, Y. Yamada, H. Kubo, M. J. Wilking, P. Jonsson, S. B. Boyd, S. Roth, Keigo Nakamura, L. Labarga, K. Fusshoeller, K. Gameil, J. Morrison, W. C. Parker, A. Zykova, M. Pavin, S. J. Jenkins, Gareth J. Barker, D. G. Payne, A. Nakamura, Kate Scholberg, J. P. Coleman, F. Shaker, T. Tsukamoto, H. K. Tanaka, J. F. Martin, M. Tzanov, G. Zarnecki, A. Rychter, J. Kisiel, K. Matsushita, A. Hiramoto, A. K. Ichikawa, M. Buizza Avanzini, L. L. Kormos, T. Hasegawa, D. Cherdack, T. Campbell, S. Valder, K. Abe, Y. Kataoka, G. Pintaudi, C. McGrew, A. Gorin, L. Koch, C. Andreopoulos, T. Vladisavljevic, Thorsten Lux, T. Lindner, T. Kikawa, S. Suvorov, R. P. Litchfield, F. Bench, T. Kajita, M. Lawe, M. Kabirnezhad, A. T. Suzuki, Y. Nagai, C. K. Jung, Akitaka Ariga, T. Hayashino, R. Fukuda, E. Mazzucato, Y. Asada, Oleg Mineev, T. Nakadaira, Shigeki Aoki, M. Ziembicki, Yufeng Wang, M. Hogan, V. Matveev, T. Ishida, T. Odagawa, K. Mavrokoridis, A. Konaka, A. Bubak, H. A. Tanaka, K. Iwamoto, Jaroslaw Pasternak, Y. Awataguchi, Marco Laveder, Patrick Dunne, Jan T. Sobczyk, S. Manly, P. F. Denner, C. Francois, A. Minamino, M. Malek, Shuji Tanaka, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), T2K, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Abe, K., Akutsu, R., Ali, A., Alt, C., Andreopoulos, C., Anthony, L., Antonova, M., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Asada, Y., Ashida, Y., Atkin, E. T., Awataguchi, Y., Ban, S., Barbi, M., Barker, G. J., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Barry, C., Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M., Beloshapkin, A., Bench, F., Berardi, V, Berkman, S., Berns, L., Bhadra, S., Bienstock, S., Blondel, A., Bolognesi, S., Bourguille, B., Boyd, S. B., Brailsford, D., Bravar, A., Bravo Berguno, D., Bronner, C., Bubak, A., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Calcutt, J., Campbell, T., Cao, S., Cartwright, S. L., Catanesi, M. G., Cervera, A., Chappell, A., Checchia, C., Cherdack, D., Chikuma, N., Christodoulou, G., Coleman, J., Collazuol, G., Cook, L., Coplowe, D., Cudd, A., Dabrowska, A., De Rosa, G., Dealtry, T., Denner, P. F., Dennis, S. R., Densham, C., Di Lodovico, F., Dokania, N., Dolan, S., Doyle, T. A., Drapier, O., Dumarchez, J., Dunne, P., Eklund, L., Emery-Schrenk, S., Ereditato, A., Fernandez, P., Feusels, T., Finch, A. J., Fiorentini, G. A., Fiorillo, G., Francois, C., Friend, M., Fujii, Y., Fujita, R., Fukuda, D., Fukuda, R., Fukuda, Y., Fusshoeller, K., Gameil, K., Giganti, C., Golan, T., Gonin, M., Gorin, A., Guigue, M., Hadley, D. R., Haigh, J. T., Hamacher-Baumann, P., Hartz, M., Hasegawa, T., Hastings, N. C., Hayashino, T., Hayato, Y., Hiramoto, A., Hogan, M., Holeczek, J., Van, N. T. Hong, Iacob, F., Ichikawa, A. K., Ikeda, M., Ishida, T., Ishii, T., Ishitsuka, M., Iwamoto, K., Izmaylov, A., Jakkapu, M., Jamieson, B., Jenkins, S. J., Jesus-Valls, C., Jiang, M., Johnson, S., Jonsson, P., Jung, C. K., Kabirnezhad, M., Kaboth, A. C., Kajita, T., Kakuno, H., Kameda, J., Karlen, D., Kasetti, S. P., Kataoka, Y., Katori, T., Kato, Y., Kearns, E., Khabibullin, M., Khotjantsev, A., Kikawa, T., Kim, H., Kim, J., King, S., Kisiel, J., Knight, A., Knox, A., Kobayashi, T., Koch, L., Koga, T., Konaka, A., Kormos, L. L., Koshio, Y., Kostin, A., Kowalik, K., Kubo, H., Kudenko, Y., Kukita, N., Kuribayashi, S., Kurjata, R., Kutter, T., Kuze, M., Labarga, L., Lagoda, J., Lamoureux, M., Laveder, M., Lawe, M., Licciardi, M., Lindner, T., Litcheld, R. P., Liu, S. L., Li, X., Longhin, A., Ludovici, L., Lu, X., Lux, T., Nascimento Machado, L., Magaletti, L., Mahn, K., Malek, M., Manly, S., Maret, L., Marino, A. D., Marti-Magro, L., Martin, J. F., Maruyama, T., Matsubara, T., Matsushita, K., Matveev, V, Mavrokoridis, K., Mazzucato, E., Mccarthy, M., Mccauley, N., Mcfarland, K. S., Mcgrew, C., Mefodiev, A., Metelko, C., Mezzetto, M., Minamino, A., Mineev, O., Mine, S., Miura, M., Bueno, L. Molina, Moriyama, S., Morrison, J., Mueller, Th A., Munteanu, L., Murphy, S., Nagai, Y., Nakadaira, T., Nakahata, M., Nakajima, Y., Nakamura, A., Nakamura, K. G., Nakamura, K., Nakayama, S., Nakaya, T., Nakayoshi, K., Nantais, C., Ngoc, T., V, Niewczas, K., Nishikawa, K., Nishimura, Y., Nonnenmacher, T. S., Nova, F., Novella, P., Nowak, J., Nugent, J. C., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, L., Odagawa, T., Okumura, K., Okusawa, T., Oser, S. M., Owen, R. A., Oyama, Y., Palladino, V, Palomino, J. L., Paolone, V, Parker, W. C., Pasternak, J., Paudyal, P., Pavin, M., Payne, D., Penn, G. C., Pickering, L., Pidcott, C., Pintaudi, G., Guerra, E. S. Pinzon, Pistillo, C., Popov, B., Porwit, K., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Pritchard, A., Quilain, B., Radermacher, T., Radicioni, E., Radics, B., Rato, P. N., Reinherz-Aronis, E., Riccio, C., Rondio, E., Roth, S., Rubbia, A., Ruggeri, A. C., Ruggles, C. A., Rychter, A., Sakashita, K., Sanchez, F., Schloesser, C. M., Scholberg, K., Schwehr, J., Scott, M., Seiya, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Sekiya, H., Sgalaberna, D., Shah, R., Shaikhiev, A., Shaker, F., Shaykina, A., Shiozawa, M., Shorrock, W., Shvartsman, A., Smirnov, A., Smy, M., Sobczyk, J. T., Sobel, H., Soler, F. J. P., Sonoda, Y., Steinmann, J., Suvorov, S., Suzuki, A., Suzuki, S. Y., Suzuki, Y., Sztuc, A. A., Tada, M., Tajima, M., Takeda, A., Takeuchi, Y., Tanaka, H. K., Tanaka, H. A., Tanaka, S., Thompson, L. F., Toki, W., Touramanis, C., Towstego, T., Tsui, K. M., Tsukamoto, T., Tzanov, M., Uchida, Y., Uno, W., Vagins, M., Valder, S., Vallari, Z., Vargas, D., Vasseur, G., Vilela, C., Vinning, W. G. S., Vladisavljevic, T., Volkov, V. V., Wachala, T., Walker, J., Walsh, J. G., Wang, Y., Wark, D., Wascko, M. O., Weber, A., Wendell, R., Wilking, M. J., Wilkinson, C., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, R. J., Wood, K., Wret, C., Yamada, Y., Yamamoto, K., Yanagisawa, C., Yang, G., Yano, T., Yasutome, K., Yen, S., Yershov, N., Yokoyama, M., Yoshida, T., Yu, M., Zalewska, A., Zalipska, J., Zaremba, K., Zarnecki, G., Ziembicki, M., Zimmerman, E. D., Zito, M., Zsoldos, S., and Zykova, A.

Subjects
muon antineutrino beam, General Physics and Astronomy, antineutrino/mu: secondary beam, KAMIOKANDE, antineutrino/e: particle identification, 01 natural sciences, 09 Engineering, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), secondary beam [neutrino/mu], [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], neutrino/e: particle identification, QC, Physics, 02 Physical Sciences, J-PARC Lab, T2K experiment, electron antineutrino, T2K Collaboration, kinematics, Physical Sciences, Particle Physics - Experiment, T2K experiment in an accelerator-produced, General Physics, 530 Physics, Physics, Multidisciplinary, FOS: Physical sciences, particle identification [antineutrino/e], Neutrino beam, secondary beam [antineutrino/mu], Physics::Geophysics, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, mixing, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, 01 Mathematical Sciences, Muon, Science & Technology, particle identification [neutrino/e], hep-ex, background, neutrino/mu: secondary beam, antineutrino: oscillation, oscillation [antineutrino], Elementary Particles and Fields, High Energy Physics::Experiment, PMNS, Electron neutrino, Beam (structure), Free parameter, experimental results
Abstract

Electron antineutrino appearance is measured by the T2K experiment in an accelerator-produced antineutrino beam, using additional neutrino beam operation to constrain parameters of the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) mixing matrix. T2K observes 15 candidate electron antineutrino events with a background expectation of 9.3 events. Including information from the kinematic distribution of observed events, the hypothesis of no electron antineutrino appearance is disfavored with a significance of 2.40 σ and no discrepancy between data and PMNS predictions is found. A complementary analysis that introduces an additional free parameter which allows non-PMNS values of electron neutrino and antineutrino appearance also finds no discrepancy between data and PMNS predictions., Physical Review Letters, 124 (16), ISSN:0031-9007, ISSN:1079-7114

Published
2019

40. Diverse lignocellulosic feedstocks can achieve high field‐scale ethanol yields while providing flexibility for the biorefinery and landscape‐level environmental benefits

Author

Joshua J. Coon, Jeff S. Piotrowski, Edward L. Pohlmann, Dan Xie, Yaoping Zhang, Yury V. Bukhman, Megan K. Young, John Ralph, David Cavalier, Alan Higbee, Trey K. Sato, Steven D. Karlen, Gregg R. Sanford, Lawrence G. Oates, Dustin Eilert, Rebecca G. Ong, and Jose Serate

Subjects
Flexibility (engineering), Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 020209 energy, Scale (chemistry), Forestry, 02 engineering and technology, Biorefinery, Landscape level, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Ethanol yield, Environmental science, Biochemical engineering, High field, Waste Management and Disposal, Agronomy and Crop Science
Published
2018

41. Downregulation of p‐ <scp>COUMAROYL ESTER</scp> 3‐ <scp>HYDROXYLASE</scp> in rice leads to altered cell wall structures and improves biomass saccharification

Author

Toshiaki Umezawa, Taichi Koshiba, John Ralph, Mai Mukai, Masaomi Yamamura, Steven D. Karlen, Yuri Takeda, Shinya Murakami, Keishi Osakabe, Takefumi Hattori, Shiro Suzuki, Masahiro Sakamoto, and Yuki Tobimatsu

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Oryza sativa, Phenylpropanoid, Mutant, food and beverages, Cell Biology, Plant Science, Biology, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Cell wall, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Biochemistry, RNA interference, Genetics, Lignin, Tricin, Secondary cell wall, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

p-Coumaroyl ester 3-hydroxylase (C3'H) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of lignin, a phenylpropanoid polymer that is the major constituent of secondary cell walls in vascular plants. Although the crucial role of C3'H in lignification and its manipulation to upgrade lignocellulose have been investigated in eudicots, limited information is available in monocotyledonous grass species, despite their potential as biomass feedstocks. Here we address the pronounced impacts of C3'H deficiency on the structure and properties of grass cell walls. C3'H-knockdown lines generated via RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing, with about 0.5% of the residual expression levels, reached maturity and set seeds. In contrast, C3'H-knockout rice mutants generated via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis were severely dwarfed and sterile. Cell wall analysis of the mature C3'H-knockdown RNAi lines revealed that their lignins were largely enriched in p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units while being substantially reduced in the normally dominant guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) units. Interestingly, however, the enrichment of H units was limited to within the non-acylated lignin units, with grass-specific γ-p-coumaroylated lignin units remaining apparently unchanged. Suppression of C3'H also resulted in relative augmentation in tricin residues in lignin as well as a substantial reduction in wall cross-linking ferulates. Collectively, our data demonstrate that C3'H expression is an important determinant not only of lignin content and composition but also of the degree of cell wall cross-linking. We also demonstrated that C3'H-suppressed rice displays enhanced biomass saccharification.

Published
2018

42. Evaluation of Feruloylated and p-Coumaroylated Arabinosyl Units in Grass Arabinoxylans by Acidolysis in Dioxane/Methanol

Author

Steven D. Karlen, John Ralph, Catherine Lapierre, Aline Voxeur, Richard F. Helm, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biochemistry [Blacksburg], Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], LabEx Saclay Plant Sciences-SPS [ANR-10-LABX-0040-SPS], French National Research Agency, program Investment for the Future [ANR-11-BTBR-0006-BFF], DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science) [DE-FC02-07ER64494, DE-SC0018409), and French National Research Agency, Grant Pectosign [ANR 14-CE34-0010]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Arabinose, Anomer, Coumaric Acids, esterification, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Poaceae, Lignin, 01 natural sciences, Dioxanes, Acylation, 03 medical and health sciences, Hydrolysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cell Wall, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, acylation, Trifluoroacetic acid, Side chain, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Hemicellulose, ferulate, arabinose, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Chromatography, quantitative analysis, Methanol, hemicellulose, General Chemistry, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Xylans, Hydrochloric Acid, Propionates, p-coumarate, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, grass cell walls, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; The arabinosyl side chains of grass arabinoxylans are partially acylated by p-coumarate (pCA) and ferulate (FA). These aromatic side chains can cross-couple wall polymers resulting in modulation of cell wall physical properties. The determination of p-coumaroylated and feruloylated arabinose units has been the target of analytical efforts with trifluoroacetic acid hydrolysis the standard method to release feruloylated and p-coumaroylated arabinose units from arabinoxylans. Herein, we report on a more robust method to measure these acylated units. Acidolysis of extractive-free grass samples in a dioxane/methanol/aqueous 2 M HCl mixture provided the methyl 5-O-p-coumaroyl- and 5-O-feruloyl-L-arabinofuranoside anomers (pCA-MeAra and FA-MeAra). These conjugates were readily analyzed by liquid chromatography combined with both UV and MS detection. The method revealed the variability of the relative acylation of arabinose units by pCA or FA in grass cell walls. This methodology will permit delineation of hydroxycinnamate acylation patterns in arabinoxylans.

Published
2018

43. Reductive Cleavage Method for Quantitation of Monolignols and Low‐Abundance Monolignol Conjugates

Author

John Ralph, Allison Bartuce, Steven D. Karlen, Dharshana Padmakshan, and Matt Regner

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Abundance (chemistry), General Chemical Engineering, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 030104 developmental biology, General Energy, chemistry, Reductive cleavage, Environmental Chemistry, Lignin, Organic chemistry, General Materials Science, Lignin biosynthesis, Monolignol, Derivatization, 010606 plant biology & botany, Conjugate
Abstract

As interest in biomass utilization has grown, the manipulation of lignin biosynthesis has received significant attention, such that recent work has demanded more robust lignin analytical methods. As the derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) method is particularly effective for structurally characterizing natively acylated lignins, we used an array of synthetic β-ether γ-acylated model compounds to determine theoretical yields for all monolignol conjugates currently known to exist in lignin, and we synthesized a new set of deuterated analogs as internal standards for quantification using GC-MS/MS. Yields of the saturated ester conjugates ranged from 40 to 90 %, and NMR analysis revealed the presence of residual unsaturated conjugates in yields of 20 to 35 %. In contrast to traditional selected-ion-monitoring, we demonstrated the superior sensitivity and accuracy of multiple-reaction-monitoring detection methods, and further highlighted the inadequacy of traditional standards relative to isotopically labeled analogs.

Published
2018

44. Commelinid Monocotyledon Lignins Are Acylated by p-Coumarate

Author

Steven D. Karlen, Bronwen G. Smith, John Ralph, Philip J. Harris, Heather C. A. Free, and Dharshana Padmakshan

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Poales, biology, Physiology, Plant Science, Commelinaceae, biology.organism_classification, Arecales, 01 natural sciences, Monocotyledon, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 030104 developmental biology, Commelinales, chemistry, Botany, Genetics, Lignin, Poaceae, Monolignol, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Commelinid monocotyledons are a monophyletic clade differentiated from other monocotyledons by the presence of cell wall-bound ferulate and p-coumarate. The Poaceae, or grass family, is a member of this group, and most of the p-coumarate in the cell walls of this family acylates lignin. Here, we isolated and examined lignified cell wall preparations from 10 species of commelinid monocotyledons from nine families other than Poaceae, including species from all four commelinid monocotyledon orders (Poales, Zingiberales, Commelinales, and Arecales). We showed that, as in the Poaceae, lignin-linked p-coumarate occurs exclusively on the hydroxyl group on the γ-carbon of lignin unit side chains, mostly on syringyl units. Although the mechanism of acylation has not been studied directly in these species, it is likely to be similar to that in the Poaceae and involve BAHD acyl-coenzyme A:monolignol transferases.

Published
2018

45. Short-term facilitation of microbial litter decomposition by ultraviolet radiation

Author

Yang Lin, John Ralph, Jennifer Y. King, and Steven D. Karlen

Subjects
Abiotic component, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil organic matter, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plant litter, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Decomposition, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Botany, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental Chemistry, Lignin, Photodegradation, Waste Management and Disposal, Incubation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Solar radiation plays an important role in carbon cycling by increasing the decomposition rates of plant litter and soil organic matter (i.e. photodegradation). Previous work suggests that exposure to radiation can facilitate microbial decomposition of litter by altering litter chemistry and consequently litter degradability (i.e. photopriming). However, it remains unclear to what extent photopriming contributes to litter decomposition processes and on what timescale photopriming operates. We conducted laboratory experiments to compare the effects of UV photopriming at two temporal scales (months versus days). In one experiment, we found that four months of UV exposure induced a significant but small (3-4%) mass loss in two of three litter species commonly found in California oak savanna; however, UV exposure did not alter litter degradability as measured by microbial respiration in an incubation experiment. We also found that UV exposure had limited effects on lignin and other cell wall structures, but one month of microbial decomposition (in absence of UV exposure) significantly reduced lignin β-aryl ether inter-unit linkages and acetylated xylans. These results indicate that abiotic photodegradation alone was ineffective at breaking down lignin. In another experiment, litter of a common grass was exposed to either alternating UV radiation and dark conditions or constant darkness for 128days. We found that the alternating UV exposure increased litter CO2 production in both dark and UV phases over that observed in constant darkness. This led to a 35% greater release of CO2 from the alternating UV exposure treatment between days 65 and 128 of the experiment. These results demonstrate that alternating UV exposure with dark conditions is key to enabling photopriming on a timescale of days. Overall, we identify short-term photopriming as a novel mechanism behind photodegradation. Our results also challenge the conventional hypothesis that abiotic processes are primarily responsible for degrading lignin during photodegradation.

Published
2018

46. Engineered Lignin in Poplar Biomass Facilitates Cu-Catalyzed Alkaline-Oxidative Pretreatment

Author

Chrislyn A. Particka, Steven D. Karlen, Aditya Bhalla, Namita Bansal, Wei Shen, David B. Hodge, Rachel R. Semaan, Eric L. Hegg, Sivakumar Pattathil, Shi You Ding, Thanaphong Phongpreecha, John Ralph, Muyang Li, Eliana Gonzales-Vigil, and Shawn D. Mansfield

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, General Chemical Engineering, fungi, technology, industry, and agriculture, food and beverages, macromolecular substances, General Chemistry, Xylose, complex mixtures, Catalysis, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Hydrolysis, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Biofuel, Enzymatic hydrolysis, Environmental Chemistry, Lignin, Sugar, Hydrogen peroxide, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

Both untransformed poplar and genetically modified “zip-lignin” poplar, in which additional ester bonds were introduced into the lignin backbone, were subjected to mild alkaline and copper-catalyzed alkaline hydrogen peroxide (Cu-AHP) pretreatment. Our hypothesis was that the lignin in zip-lignin poplar would be removed more easily than lignin in untransformed poplar during this alkaline pretreatment, resulting in higher sugar yields following enzymatic hydrolysis. We observed improved glucose and xylose hydrolysis yields for zip-lignin poplar compared to untransformed poplar following both alkaline-only pretreatment (56% glucose yield for untransformed poplar compared to 67% for zip-lignin poplar) and Cu-AHP pretreatment (77% glucose yield for untransformed poplar compared to 85% for zip-lignin poplar). Compositional analysis, glycome profiling, and microscopy all supported the notion that the ester linkages increase delignification and improve sugar yields. Essentially no differences were noted in the m...

Published
2018

47. Effect of supraphysiological alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA) expression on skeletal manifestations in mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) mice following ex vivo lentiviral vector transduction of hematopoietic stem cells

Author

Troy C. Lund, Hillary Mantone, Avery Huber, Kelly M. Podetz-Pedersen, Elizabeth A. Braunlin, Lalitha R. Belur, Miles Smith, Andrea D. Karlen, R. Scott McIvor, Melissa Bonner, Nicholas A. Robinson, and Hsing-Chen Tsai

Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Biology, Biochemistry, Cell biology, Viral vector, Mucopolysaccharidosis type I, Transduction (genetics), Haematopoiesis, Endocrinology, Genetics, Stem cell, Iduronidase, Molecular Biology, Ex vivo
Published
2021

48. Comparative systemic and neurologic effectiveness of intravenous and intrathecal AAV9 delivered individually or combined in a murine model of mucopolysaccharidosis type I

Author

Andrea D. Karlen, Li Ou, Nicholas Buss, Hillary Mantone, Lalitha R. Belur, Miles Smith, Avery Huber, Chester B. Whitley, and R. Scott McIvor

Subjects
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I, Endocrinology, Murine model, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Anesthesia, Genetics, Medicine, business, Intrathecal, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry
Published
2021

49. Chemical Pulping Advantages of Zip‐lignin Hybrid Poplar

Author

Shengfei Zhou, Shawn D. Mansfield, Troy Runge, Steven D. Karlen, Eliana Gonzales-Vigil, and John Ralph

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, General Chemical Engineering, lignin, macromolecular substances, Degree of polymerization, Polysaccharide, complex mixtures, Polymerization, Chemical pulping, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, monolignol ferulate, Polysaccharides, Environmental Chemistry, Lignin, Organic chemistry, General Materials Science, Cellulose, Amines, chemistry.chemical_classification, delignification, Full Paper, biomass, Viscosity, fungi, technology, industry, and agriculture, food and beverages, Full Papers, Pulp and paper industry, Wood, nuclear magnetic resonance, 030104 developmental biology, General Energy, Populus, chemistry, Kraft process, Hybrid poplar
Abstract

Hybrid poplar genetically engineered to possess chemically labile ester linkages in its lignin backbone (zip‐lignin hybrid poplar) was examined to determine if the strategic lignin modifications would enhance chemical pulping efficiencies. Kraft pulping of zip‐lignin and wild‐type hybrid poplar was performed in lab‐scale reactors under conditions of varying severity by altering time, temperature and chemical charge. The resulting pulps were analyzed for yield, residual lignin content, and cellulose DP (degree of polymerization), as well as changes in carbohydrates and lignin structure. Statistical models of pulping were created, and the pulp bleaching and physical properties evaluated. Under identical cooking conditions, compared to wild‐type, the zip‐lignin hybrid poplar showed extended delignification, confirming the zip‐lignin effect. Additionally, yield and carbohydrate content of the ensuing pulps were slightly elevated, as was the cellulose DP for zip‐lignin poplar pulp, although differences in residual lignin between zip‐lignin and wild‐type poplar were not detected. Statistical prediction models facilitated comparisons between pulping conditions that resulted in identical delignification, with the zip‐lignin poplar needing milder cooking conditions and resulting in higher pulp yield (up to 1.41 % gain). Bleaching and physical properties were subsequently equivalent between the samples with slight chemical savings realized in the zip‐lignin samples due to the enhanced delignification.

Published
2017

50. Systemic high-level IDUA enzyme activity with correction of neurologic deficit in mucopolysaccharidosis type I mice by lentiviral transduction of hematopoietic stem cells

Author

R. Scott McIvor, Melissa Bonner, Patricia Coutinho de Souza, Jessica McKenzie, Andrea D. Karlen, Avery Huber, Shelby Labarre, Hsing-Chen Tsai, Jennifer Detellis, Geoff Parsons, Kelly M. Podetz-Pedersen, Khatuna Gagnidze, Lalitha R. Belur, and Miles Smith

Subjects
Lentiviral transduction, biology, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Biochemistry, Enzyme assay, Haematopoiesis, Mucopolysaccharidosis type I, Endocrinology, Genetics, biology.protein, Cancer research, Medicine, Stem cell, business, Molecular Biology
Published
2020

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