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1. Attenuation Characteristics and Time Delay of PD Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in GIS Systems

Author

Martin D. Judd, Tao Zhao, and Brian G. Stewart

Subjects
Physics, Wave propagation, Busbar, TK, Electric field, Acoustics, Attenuation, Partial discharge, Emphasis (telecommunications), Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Electromagnetic radiation, Switchgear
Abstract

Modeling of electromagnetic wave propagation inside a gas-insulated switchgear structure can be helpful for understanding and improving the utilization of partial discharge detection by providing information to help determine more optimal positioning of ultra-high frequency sensors. This paper studies the effect of insulating spacers, L- and T-type structures on electromagnetic wave propagation by simulating the time dependent wave propagation behavior for these arrangements within a gas-insulated switchgear busbar geometry. The attenuation characteristics and time delays produced by spacers, L- and T-type structures for partial discharge electromagnetic wave propagation behavior are presented. Emphasis is placed on comparison of attenuation characteristics and time delay between different observation points along the busbar both before and after the 90° bends formed by L- and T-type structures. Moreover, a comparative analysis of the radial electric field at the gas-insulated switchgear tank and its rate of change with time is also conducted. The paper demonstrates that if the location of the ultra-high frequency sensor is chosen appropriately based on knowledge of the physical structures, the attenuation effects introduced by L- and T-type structures could be reduced.

Published
2022

3. 'Invisible in the Most Tragic of Ways': Exploring Internalized Transphobia and Coping Through Photovoice

Author

Trenton K. Owens, Lauren Mizock, Alayne J. Ormerod, Annabelle Nelson, Colt St. Amand, Diane Paces-Wiles, and Terrence D. Judd

Subjects
Nursing (miscellaneous), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Abstract

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals experience minority stress that includes internalizing the negative attitudes that exist in society about those whose identities rest outside of the gender binary. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the experience of internalized stigma and associated coping methods among six TGD adults utilizing photovoice. Thematic and iconographic analysis of 35 works produced by the participants revealed themes involving metaphors for internalized transphobia, internalized social messages, the psychological debt or emotional cost of internalized transphobia, and a range of coping strategies. Specifically, invisibility was a common metaphor used to suggest that a TGD person’s experience may be associated with actively hiding, masking their identity, or failing to be seen as their true self. Participants expressed concern with being accepted by others and noted anxiety about outward expressions of their gender and personal characteristics. The results also revealed that participants experienced loneliness, fear of rejection, and low self-esteem related to internalized transphobia and their TGD identities. Participants reported receiving messages that TGD individuals are often viewed negatively and generally lack support from society and close relations. Coping strategies utilized by participants included withdrawing from others, hiding their TGD identity to avoid rejection or violence, self-exploration, accepting self and others, and connecting to a community of TGD persons and/or allies. Focus group feedback revealed benefits to participants, including an enhanced sense of community and self-esteem, as well as recommendations for future group structure. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

Published
2022

7. Contact Ion Pair Formation Is Not Necessarily Stronger than Solvent Shared Ion Pairing

Author

Kenneth D. Judd, Nicole M. Gonzalez, Tinglu Yang, and Paul S. Cremer

Subjects
General Materials Science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract

Vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy (VSFS) and pressure-area Langmuir trough measurements were used to investigate the binding of alkali metal cations to eicosyl sulfate (ESO

Published
2022

9. Humoral and cellular immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a prospective cohort study

Author

J. Erika Haydu, Jenny S. Maron, Robert A. Redd, Kathleen M. E. Gallagher, Stephanie Fischinger, Jeffrey A. Barnes, Ephraim P. Hochberg, P. Connor Johnson, R. W. Takvorian, Katelin Katsis, Daneal Portman, Jade Ruiters, Sidney Sechio, Mary Devlin, Connor Regan, Kimberly G. Blumenthal, Aleena Banerji, Allen D. Judd, Krista J. Scorsune, Brianne M. McGree, Maryanne M. Sherburne, Julia M. Lynch, James I. Weitzman, Matthew Lei, Camille N. Kotton, Anand S. Dighe, Marcela V. Maus, Galit Alter, Jeremy S. Abramson, and Jacob D. Soumerai

Subjects
Adult, COVID-19 Vaccines, Immunogenicity, Vaccine, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Humans, Regular Article, Hematology, Prospective Studies, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
Abstract

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common leukemia worldwide, is associated with increased COVID-19 mortality. Previous studies suggest only a portion of vaccinated CLL patients develop severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike antibodies. Whether the elicited antibodies are functional and/or accompanied by functional T-cell responses is unknown. This prospective cohort study included patients with CLL who received SARS-CoV-2 and PCV13 vaccines (not concurrently). The primary cohort included adults with CLL off therapy. Coprimary outcomes were serologic response to SARS-CoV-2 (receptor binding domain [RBD] immunoassay) and PCV13 vaccines (23-serotype IgG assay). Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and their functional activity and assessment of functional T-cell responses was performed. Sixty percent (18/30) of patients demonstrated serologic responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, appearing more frequent among treatment-naïve patients (72%). Among treatment-naïve patients, an absolute lymphocyte count ≤24 000/µL was associated with serologic response (94% vs 14%; P < .001). On interferon-γ release assays, 80% (16/20) of patients had functional spike-specific T-cell responses, including 78% (7/9) with a negative RBD immunoassay, a group enriched for prior B-cell–depleting therapies. A bead-based multiplex immunoassay identified antibodies against wild-type and variant SARS-CoV-2 (α, β, γ, and δ) in all tested patients and confirmed Fc-receptor binding and effector functions of these antibodies. Of 11 patients with negative RBD immunoassay after vaccination, 6 (55%) responded to an additional mRNA-based vaccine dose. The PCV13 serologic response rate was 29% (8/28). Our data demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces functional T-cell and antibody responses in patients with CLL and provides the framework for investigating the molecular mechanisms and clinical benefit of these responses. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT05007860.

Published
2021

10. Simulation Study on the Effect of PD Pulse Shape on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in an L-type GIS Structure

Author

Tao Zhao, Martin D. Judd, and Brian G. Stewart

Subjects
Physics, Amplitude, Ultra high frequency, Wave propagation, TK, Attenuation, Acoustics, Detection theory, Sensitivity (control systems), Electromagnetic radiation, Pulse (physics)
Abstract

Modeling of electromagnetic wave propagation inside a GIS structure can be beneficial to understanding and improvement in sensitivity of PD detection by providing information to help determine more optimal positions for UHF PD sensors. PD pulse shape is found to have a strong influence on the distribution of UHF electric field detected at sensors installed on the GIS. This paper focuses on the effect of different PD pulse shapes to understand better EM wave propagation behavior. The time dependent EM wave propagation behavior is simulated for 3 kinds of pulse shape with different front time, time to half-value and half amplitude width and a comparison is made based on the attenuation characteristic analysis of UHF sensor locations along an L-type GIS tank. The resulting influence of different PD pulse shape sources on the UHF sensor signals is presented and discussed. The results in this paper are conducive to understanding the limitations and optimization of PD sensor positions for UHF signal detection and PD location estimation.

Published
2021

11. Role of clinical history in beta-lactam hypersensitivity

Author

Kimberly G. Blumenthal, Jessica Plager, and Allen D. Judd

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, business.industry, Immunology, Drug allergy, MEDLINE, Penicillin allergy, Penicillins, Predictor variables, beta-Lactams, medicine.disease, Article, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Drug Hypersensitivity, Beta-lactam, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Clinical history, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Clinical care, Intensive care medicine, business, Skin Tests
Abstract

Purpose of review Understand how the clinical history has been used to risk stratify patients reporting a beta-lactam allergy, both in clinical care pathways and predictive models. Recent findings Drug allergy clinical care pathways have emerged as a safe and effective method of stratifying patients with a reported beta-lactam allergy into risk categories, with 'low-risk' patients able to proceed straight to direct challenges or test doses. These methods have streamlined antibiotic stewardship policies and penicillin allergy de-labeling. However, how to define 'low-risk' has been subject to much debate. New research has developed predictive models that utilize the clinical history to assess a patient's true risk of beta-lactam allergy. Summary The clinical history has long been an essential part of drug allergy evaluation and has proven invaluable within the past decade in the development of drug allergy clinical pathways. Evidence-based predictive models that use the clinical history to assess a patient's true risk of beta-lactam allergy offer tremendous promise, but differ in crucial areas such as the populations they study, the predictor variables they use, and the ultimate accuracy they attain. These models highlight key aspects of the drug allergy history and pave the way for future large-scale research.

Published
2021

12. A Convolutional Neural Network-Based Deep Learning Methodology for Recognition of Partial Discharge Patterns from High-Voltage Cables

Author

Martin D. Judd, Donald M. Hepburn, Fan Yang, Alistair Reid, Chengke Zhou, Lee Li, Ganjun Wang, Zhaohui Li, Wah Hoon Siew, Xiaosheng Peng, Ashfaque Ahmed Bhatti, and Yijiang Wu

Subjects
Flowchart, Similarity (geometry), business.industry, Computer science, TK, 020209 energy, Deep learning, Activation function, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Pattern recognition, 02 engineering and technology, Convolutional neural network, law.invention, Support vector machine, law, Partial discharge, Pattern recognition (psychology), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Artificial intelligence, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

It is a great challenge to differentiate partial discharge (PD) induced by different types of insulation defects in high-voltage cables. Some types of PD signals have very similar characteristics and are specifically difficult to differentiate, even for the most experienced specialists. To overcome the challenge, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep learning methodology for PD pattern recognition is presented in this paper. First, PD testing for five types of artificial defects in ethylene-propylene-rubber cables is carried out in high voltage laboratory to generate signals containing PD data. Second, 3500 sets of PD transient pulses are extracted, and then 33 kinds of PD features are established. The third stage applies a CNN to the data; typical CNN architecture and the key factors which affect the CNN-based pattern recognition accuracy are described. Factors discussed include the number of the network layers, convolutional kernel size, activation function, and pooling method. This paper presents a flowchart of the CNN-based PD pattern recognition method and an evaluation with 3500 sets of PD samples. Finally, the CNN-based pattern recognition results are shown and the proposed method is compared with two more traditional analysis methods, i.e., support vector machine (SVM) and back propagation neural network (BPNN). The results show that the proposed CNN method has higher pattern recognition accuracy than SVM and BPNN, and that the novel method is especially effective for PD type recognition in cases of signals of high similarity, which is applicable for industrial applications.

Published
2019

13. Random Forest Based Optimal Feature Selection for Partial Discharge Pattern Recognition in HV Cables

Author

Jinshu Li, Alistair Reid, Martin D. Judd, Donald M. Hepburn, Lee Li, Ashfaque Ahmed Bhatti, Yijiang Wu, Wan Hoon Siew, Xiaosheng Peng, Zhaohui Li, Chengke Zhou, and Ganjun Wang

Subjects
business.industry, Computer science, TK, 020209 energy, Feature extraction, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Condition monitoring, Feature selection, Pattern recognition, 02 engineering and technology, Interference (wave propagation), Random forest, Support vector machine, Pattern recognition (psychology), Partial discharge, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Artificial intelligence, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

Optimal selection of features of Partial Discharge (PD) signals recorded from defects in High Voltage (HV) cables will contribute not only to the improvement of PD pattern recognition accuracy and efficiency but also to PD parameter visualization in HV cable condition monitoring and diagnostics. This paper presents a novel Random Forest (RF)-based feature selection algorithm for PD pattern recognition of HV cables. The algorithm is applied to feature selection of both PD signals and interference signals with the aim of obtaining the optimal features for data processing. Firstly, the experimental data acquisition and feature extraction processes are introduced. PD signals were captured from faults created in a cable to obtain the raw PD data, then a set of 3500 transient PD pulses and a set of 3500 typical interference pulses were extracted, based on which 34 PD features were extracted for further processing. Furthermore, 119 two-dimensional features and 1082 three-dimensional features were generated. The paper then discusses the basic principle of the RF algorithm. Finally, RF-based feature selection was implemented to determine the optimal features for PD pattern recognition. The results were obtained and evaluated with the Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Results show that the proposed RF-based method is effective for PD feature selection of HV cables with the potential for application to additional HV power apparatus.

Published
2019

16. Patient Characteristics and Concerns about Drug Allergy: A Report from the United States Drug Allergy Registry

Author

Kimberly G. Blumenthal, Tyler Harkness, Elizabeth J. Phillips, Allison Ramsey, Aleena Banerji, Upeka Samarakoon, Cosby Stone, Xiaoqing Fu, David A. Khan, Iris Otani, Carlos A. Camargo, Yuqing Zhang, Karen Donelan, Christian M. Mancini, Catherine M. Ahola, Allen D. Judd, Weaam Arman, Elizabeth Phillips, Kristina Williams, Ronald Eugene Osea, S. Shahzad Mustafa, Holly Blue, Autumn Guyer, and David Khan

Subjects
Drug, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, media_common.quotation_subject, Drug allergy, Penicillins, Drug Hypersensitivity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life, Internal medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Registries, media_common, Angioedema, business.industry, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Rash, United States, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 030228 respiratory system, Itching, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Background Drug allergy is frequently reported, but uncommonly confirmed with diagnostic testing. Although drug allergy assessments can improve clinical care, patient concerns may impact the optimal diagnostic approach and/or the clinical effectiveness of diagnostic testing. Objective To assess drug allergy patient concerns. Methods Using data from a multisite, prospective longitudinal cohort study, the United States Drug Allergy Registry (January 16, 2019, to January 24, 2020), we determined patient self-reported characteristics and qualitatively coded free-text patient concerns about their drug allergy/allergies. We assessed associations between patient characteristics and drug allergy concerns using multinomial logistic regression models. Results Of 592 patients (mean age, 49 [standard deviation, 17] years, 74% female, 88% white), the most commonly reported drug allergies were penicillins (78%), cephalosporins (12%), and sulfonamides (12%) with common reactions of rash (62%), hives (54%), itching (48%), flushing or facial redness (28%), and swelling or angioedema (24%). Patient concerns, coded from free text, were optimal medication use (41%), no concern (17%), allergic reaction (14%), diagnosis (12%), and severe allergic reaction (12%). Using multinomial regression, the presence of drug allergy concerns increased with greater age, higher number of reported drug reactions, more antibiotic use, and certain reaction symptoms, most notably mouth or palate itching. Female sex was associated with increased severe allergic reaction concern. Poorer general and mental health was associated with increased allergic reaction concern. Conclusion Patients with drug allergy were concerned about their options for medical treatment, having an allergic reaction, and receiving clarity about their diagnosis. Capturing and addressing patient concerns may improve the approach to patients with drug allergy and/or the effectiveness of drug allergy testing.

Published
2020

17. Comparison of Two Denoising Techniques to Improve UHF Partial Discharge Localization

Author

Tomas Hejtmanek, Petr Drexler, Brian G. Stewart, and Martin D. Judd

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Signal processing, Noise (signal processing), Computer science, Acoustics, System of measurement, Noise reduction, 01 natural sciences, Hilbert–Huang transform, Switchgear, 010309 optics, Ultra high frequency, 0103 physical sciences, Partial discharge
Abstract

This paper reports on an investigation into the application of denoising techniques to improve the arrival time detection of UHF partial discharge (PD) signals, with the aim of refining the spatial localization of PD in power transformers, gas insulated switchgear, and other systems where partial discharges can occur. Noise reduction methods can be applied to signals from various measurement systems including UHF methods or acoustic emission detection. Most existing measurement systems do not normally apply any sophisticated signal processing to suppress noise in the spatial localization of discharges. This can potentially cause inaccuracies in the location of insulation defects position and may inadvertently misdirect modification or repairs of equipment, maintenance inspection of exposed parts or subsequent servicing operation.

Published
2020

18. Measurements of the Absolute Branching Fractions of B± →k±Xc c

Author

A. J. Edwards, F. Simonetto, W. F. Mader, R. H. Schindler, Fry, Shanhui Fan, I Eschrich, W. Menges, M Bruinsma, K. Suzuki, T Schalk, R. Kroeger, J. M. Bauer, D. Boutigny, H. Nicholson, A Petzold, Marcello Rotondo, AT Watson, Martino Margoni, H. U. Flaecher, L. M. Cremaldi, M. Verderi, A Pompili, T. Hadig, U. Mallik, S. K. Swain, KS Chaisanguanthum, Muller, J. F. Strube, Roberto Calabrese, AN Yushkov, E. Gabathuler, Jordan Nash, O. Hamon, R. R. Kofler, M. Krishnamurthy, C. M. Cormack, AE Blinov, WH Toki, R Schwierz, Heiko Lacker, M Battaglia, D. G. Hitlin, S. Ye, M Andreotti, T. C. Petersen, Corrado Angelini, W. Gradl, Stephen Sekula, G Mancinelli, F. C. Porter, R. Ter-Antonyan, R. C. Field, D. E. Wagoner, W. O. Ruddick, Gabriele Simi, A. Buzzo, A. K. Mohapatra, D. J. Payne, J Kadyk, L Piemontese, F. Bucci, P. Wang, ML Vetere, G Lynch, D. Côté, L. Gioi, TW Beck, P. S. Jackson, R. Godang, D. Piccolo, Tisserand, G. Therin, J Marks, W. Bhimji, Gill, Q Zeng, S. Rodier, Nicola Neri, F. Lodovico, O. L. Buchmueller, D. Su, Nicolo De Groot, Wp Vazquez, B. Cheng, Chunhui Chen, K. R. Schubert, C. L. Davis, R. Gamet, H. L. Lynch, A. Gaidot, G. P. Gopal, B. Viaud, Maurizio Pierini, M. P. Kelly, M Saleem, D. J. Bard, A. Calcaterra, J. Ocariz, R Nogowski, M. Piccolo, M. T. Allen, S. Saremi, M Mandelkern, A. W. Weidemann, Matteo Rama, D. M. Strom, Mauro Morandin, G Brandenburg, S. Playfer, C. Bozzi, M. Haire, J. C. Williams, Halyo, K. Honscheid, C. A. Chavez, C. L. Edgar, J Zhang, LT Kerth, D. Dong, DC Williams, JE Sundermann, SE Morgan, J. M. Roney, JS Minamora, Luca Lista, S. J. Gowdy, K. A. George, J. G. Smith, M. B. Nikolich, D Kirkby, C. Cartaro, A. Oyanguren, G. Batignani, R. Sacco, C. Roat, M. Benayoun, Fabio Cossutti, M. A. Mazzoni, G. Wormser, RJ Wilson, H. L. Snoek, S Curry, J. W. Gary, K. Goetzen, B. Franek, P Bloom, R. Frey, H. J. Bulten, CJ Flacco, A. M. Eisner, D. W. G. S. Leith, Nicolas Berger, D. A. Hopkins, S. M. Spanier, Vladimir Blinov, G Vasileiadis, B Lewandowski, J Kroseberg, C. Gatto, A Santroni, S Tosi, C. K. Lae, D. B. MacFarlane, R. J. Barlow, G. Rizzo, E. P. Solodov, D Altenburg, W. N. Cottingham, N. Chevalier, M. Posocco, Marco Bomben, R. Barate, D. Bernard, JD Richman, C Thiebaux, J.J. Reidy, R. Bula, T. Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T. Schroeder, Johnson, G. Schott, M. H. Kelsey, T. Abe, J. Stelzer, C. Touramanis, J. P. Burke, E. Torrence, Giuseppe Della Ricca, Sw. Banerjee, M Pappagallo, Abner Soffer, C. Hearty, R. Claus, S. Prell, Matteo Negrini, Thomas Allmendinger, C. Dallapiccola, J. J. Hollar, Y. P. Lau, D. Fortin, J. A. McKenna, Kyung-Soo Yi, G. Calderini, Douglas Wright, P Lund, James H Cochran, R. Cenci, T. Glanzman, R. L. Flack, HP Paar, J. L. Ritchie, EA Eckhart, S. Bettarini, A. J.S. Smith, Philippe Grenier, M Macri, J. M. LoSecco, E Feltresi, A. Zallo, J. Libby, AB Breon, FS Tehrani, G. Grosdidier, I. J. Forster, D. J. Summers, M. Spitznagel, B Stugu, S. F. Ganzhur, H. R. Band, B Spaan, H. B. Crawley, I. Kitayama, S. I. Serednyakov, MG Wilson, M Morii, KE Ford, D Best, Yuri Skovpen, R. J. Sobie, G. W. London, Y Groysman, J. C. Dingfelder, N. B. Sinev, BL Hartfiel, R. Liu, Daniele Del Re, Luth, A. Perazzo, C. Voena, L. Vitale, W. R. Innes, RG Jacobsen, E Chen, Alam, T. S. Mattison, D. A. Sanders, F. Martinez-Vidal, J. Chauveau, M. J.J. John, R. Aleksan, S. B. Zain, G. P. Dubois-Felsmann, H. A. Neal, S. Willocq, D. Monorchio, I Ofte, K Peters, T. B. Moore, Q. K. Wong, B. T. Meadows, J. Biesiada, A Samuel, V. B. Koptchev, V. E. Ozcan, S. A. Majewski, A Seiden, P. Tan, C. Hast, D. J. Lange, G. Piredda, A. Dvoretskii, W. Kozanecki, M. Legendre, GS Abrams, G. Raven, T. Held, C. Lu, D. Judd, Y. B. Pan, D. Bettoni, M. Lu, Dmytro Kovalskyi, J. I. Yi, C. M. Brown, Y Xie, H. W. Zhao, P. D. Dauncey, J. P. Lees, R. Kowalewski, A. Hocker, S. Ahmed, D. Gamba, A. Lusiani, F. Gallo, RK Mommsen, P. R. Burchat, S Schrenk, M. Pioppi, F. Polci, N. S. Knecht, V. P. Druzhinin, Y Karyotakis, W. J. Wisniewski, A. Stocchi, F. R. Wappler, CM Hawkes, F. Forti, P. C. Kim, A. Lazzaro, J. E. Brau, Tim Adye, X. Giroux, M. Carpinelli, M. T. Naisbit, Lydia Roos, M. Morganti, C. Voci, Eleonora Luppi, R. Baldini-Ferroli, J. Schwiening, Julie Malcles, R. D. Kass, Q. H. Guo, C. De La Vaissiere, H. Kagan, H. Schröder, R. J. Parry, D. Dujmic, Tetiana Hrynova, K. K. Gan, D. A. Roberts, Anders Ryd, N. D. Qi, J. M. Thompson, C. Yeche, A. D'Orazio, F. E. Taylor, A Chen, T. M. Hong, MA Mazur, BA Schumm, D. Aston, C Campagnari, GH de Monchenault, M. H. Schune, Guglielmo De Nardo, G. Marchiori, U. Uwer, BC Shen, J Wu, M. Zito, NA Roe, C. P. O'Grady, M Dickopp, W. Dunwoodie, PJ Clark, M. A. Baak, M Chao, A. V. Telnov, WT Ford, J. Olsen, E. O. Olaiya, M. A. Saeed, W. T. Meyer, Y. S. Zhu, A. Mihalyi, Eyges, R. Stroili, J Schubert, Wagner, Hyunyong Kim, Maurizio Biasini, N. R. Barlow, Pierluigi Paolucci, U Nauenberg, Kenji Hamano, T.R. McMahon, C Buchanan, TJ Harrison, Ulrik Egede, Matthew J. Graham, M. Fritsch, T Piatenko, F Couderc, RW Kadel, S. S. Hertzbach, N. Danielson, R. Messner, A Zghiche, R. Faccini, Sokoloff, F. Ferrarotto, A. J. Lankford, Marcella Bona, AD Bukin, C. Patrignani, A. Cunha, F. Palombo, D Brown, E. Paoloni, F. Salvatore, JF Hirschauer, EJ Hill, S. Pacetti, Owen Rosser Long, G. B. Mohanty, L. Wilden, A. Kreisel, Kefeng Wang, F. Galeazzi, R. Cowan, Gabriele Benelli, P. Taras, Lepeltier, R. F. Schwitters, Mohamed H. Ahmed, M. L. Kocian, P. Roudeau, P. D. Jackson, AJ Hart, A. P. Onuchin, R. K. Yamamoto, J. J. Back, G. Finocchiaro, L Zhang, H. Staengle, PJ Oddone, W Verkerke, J Brose, LM Mir, E. Grauges, X. R. Chen, S. Brunet, M. G. Green, Adrian John Bevan, R. Bartoldus, P Kyberd, Zongfu Yu, G. A. Cowan, M. Gaspero, J. P. Coleman, G. Eigen, M Bondioli, C. T. Potter, A. Snyder, Mario Giorgi, Monge, Michael Steinke, S. Morganti, L. Gladney, M. J. Charles, R. Eckmann, F. F. Wilson, L. Bosisio, S Otto, Sridhara Dasu, M. Davier, G Kukartsev, W Roethel, Karsten Koeneke, K. A. Ulmer, Francesco Fabozzi, G. R. Bonneaud, A. J.R. Weinstein, Colin Jessop, Mousumi Datta, R. Prepost, Andrei Gritsan, I Narsky, SD Foulkes, HK Hadavand, Azzolini, A. Khan, F. Bellini, T. Orimoto, M Barrett, A. Olivas, M. Weaver, G. Vasseur, K. T. Flood, M. L. Perl, J. T. Boyd, Joseph Izen, K. C. Schofield, A. Roodman, R Andreassen, T. Pulliam, S Rahatlou, J. A. Ernst, H. Briand, Roland Waldi, F. Ferroni, N. Cavallo, L. Lanceri, Stéphane Plaszczynski, D. A. Bowerman, Paul Fraser Harrison, P. M. Patel, S. J. Chen, J.H. Panetta, X. Chai, M. K. Sullivan, A. Jawahery, Y. G. Kolomensky, Gabriella Sciolla, W. M. Bugg, G. Cibinetto, B. N. Ratcliff, Emanuele Di Marco, RN Cahn, P Spradlin, Eschenburg, B. A. Petersen, J. Dorfan, A. M. Boyarski, C. L. Brown, JW Berryhill, MT Ronan, P. E. Kutter, P. K. Behera, Ph Leruste, F Muheim, G.J. Wagner, N. Arnaud, B. Mayer, A. K. Yarritu, Convery, I. M. Peruzzi, C. H. Cheng, Luigi Del Buono, B. Aubert, E Robutti, H. Marsiske, R. de Sangro, S. L. Wu, RS Dubitzky, F. Bianchi, A. E. Rubin, N. van Bakel, C. C. Young, F. Diberder, J. Allison, WA Wenzel, A. M. Lutz, Poireau, Hui Li, G. Rong, Sergio Grancagnolo, R Contri, S. Passaggio, R. S. Panvini, M Pelizaeus, Wilson, W. D. Hulsbergen, Xingguo Li, M. V. Purohit, J. Albert, Bruce Mellado, Klose, M. Wittgen, E Charles, Pieter David, Ziegler, V. B. Golubev, Roberto Covarelli, A. Palano, G. Cavoto, David Hutchcroft, Bryan Dahmes, S. Luitz, S Schenk, J. Va’vra, Sharma, D. Hufnagel, Peter Elmer, DP Stoker, E Won, A. M. Eichenbaum, S. Ricciardi, L Teodorescu, C. A. Heusch, E. A. Kravchenko, Crisostomo Sciacca, CT Day, J. C. Chen, P. Patteri, R Capra, D. Wright, B. Bhuyan, B. G. Fulsom, X. C. Lou, J. J. Walsh, A. M. Rahimi, T. E. Latham, D. N. Brown, Gaillard, G. D. Lafferty, T Brandt, M Pripstein, Markus Cristinziani, O. Igonkina, F. X. Yumiceva, J Button-Shafer, S. H. Robertson, G Nesom, S. Emery, G. Blaylock, Herbert Koch, A Hauke, Lombardo, F. Blanc, A. Satpathy, M. C. Hodgkinson, G. Graziani, E. I. Rosenberg, W. S. Lockman, A. A. Salnikov, M. C. Simani, F. Anulli, S. Dittongo, U Langenegger, Lees J.P., Poireau V., Tisserand V., Grauges E., Palano A., Eigen G., Brown D.N., Kolomensky Y.G., Fritsch M., Koch H., Schroeder T., Cheaib R., Hearty C., Mattison T.S., McKenna J.A., So R.Y., Blinov V.E., Buzykaev A.R., Druzhinin V.P., Golubev V.B., Kozyrev E.A., Kravchenko E.A., Onuchin A.P., Serednyakov S.I., Skovpen Y.I., Solodov E.P., Todyshev K.Y., Lankford A.J., Dey B., Gary J.W., Long O., Eisner A.M., Lockman W.S., Panduro Vazquez W., Chao D.S., Cheng C.H., Echenard B., Flood K.T., Hitlin D.G., Kim J., Li Y., Miyashita T.S., Ongmongkolkul P., Porter F.C., Rohrken M., Huard Z., Meadows B.T., Pushpawela B.G., Sokoloff M.D., Sun L., Smith J.G., Wagner S.R., Bernard D., Verderi M., Bettoni D., Bozzi C., Calabrese R., Cibinetto G., Fioravanti E., Garzia I., Luppi E., Santoro V., Calcaterra A., De Sangro R., Finocchiaro G., Martellotti S., Patteri P., Peruzzi I.M., Piccolo M., Rotondo M., Zallo A., Passaggio S., Patrignani C., Shuve B.J., Lacker H.M., Bhuyan B., Mallik U., Chen C., Cochran J., Prell S., Gritsan A.V., Arnaud N., Davier M., Le Diberder F., Lutz A.M., Wormser G., Lange D.J., Wright D.M., Coleman J.P., Gabathuler E., Hutchcroft D.E., Payne D.J., Touramanis C., Bevan A.J., Di Lodovico F., Sacco R., Cowan G., Banerjee S., Davis C.L., Denig A.G., Gradl W., Griessinger K., Hafner A., Schubert K.R., Barlow R.J., Lafferty G.D., Cenci R., Jawahery A., Roberts D.A., Cowan R., Robertson S.H., Seddon R.M., Neri N., Palombo F., Cremaldi L., Godang R., Summers D.J., Taras P., De Nardo G., Sciacca C., Raven G., Jessop C.P., Losecco J.M., Honscheid K., Kass R., Gaz A., Margoni M., Posocco M., Simi G., Simonetto F., Stroili R., Akar S., Ben-Haim E., Bomben M., Bonneaud G.R., Calderini G., Chauveau J., Marchiori G., Ocariz J., Biasini M., Manoni E., Rossi A., Batignani G., Bettarini S., Carpinelli M., Casarosa G., Chrzaszcz M., Forti F., Giorgi M.A., Lusiani A., Oberhof B., Paoloni E., Rama M., Rizzo G., Walsh J.J., Zani L., Smith A.J.S., Anulli F., Faccini R., Ferrarotto F., Ferroni F., Pilloni A., Piredda G., Bunger C., Dittrich S., Grunberg O., Hess M., Leddig T., Voss C., Waldi R., Adye T., Wilson F.F., Emery S., Vasseur G., Aston D., Cartaro C., Convery M.R., Dorfan J., Dunwoodie W., Ebert M., Field R.C., Fulsom B.G., Graham M.T., Hast C., Innes W.R., Kim P., Leith D.W.G.S., Luitz S., Macfarlane D.B., Muller D.R., Neal H., Ratcliff B.N., Roodman A., Sullivan M.K., Va'Vra J., Wisniewski W.J., Purohit M.V., Wilson J.R., Randle-Conde A., Sekula S.J., Ahmed H., Bellis M., Burchat P.R., Puccio E.M.T., Alam M.S., Ernst J.A., Gorodeisky R., Guttman N., Peimer D.R., Soffer A., Spanier S.M., Ritchie J.L., Schwitters R.F., Izen J.M., Lou X.C., Bianchi F., De Mori F., Filippi A., Gamba D., Lanceri L., Vitale L., Martinez-Vidal F., Oyanguren A., Albert J., Beaulieu A., Bernlochner F.U., King G.J., Kowalewski R., Lueck T., Nugent I.M., Roney J.M., Sobie R.J., Tasneem N., Gershon T.J., Harrison P.F., Latham T.E., Prepost R., Wu S.L., Lees, J. P., Poireau, V., Tisserand, V., Grauges, E., Palano, A., Eigen, G., Brown, D. N., Kolomensky, Y. G., Fritsch, M., Koch, H., Schroeder, T., Cheaib, R., Hearty, C., Mattison, T. S., Mckenna, J. A., So, R. Y., Blinov, V. E., Buzykaev, A. R., Druzhinin, V. P., Golubev, V. B., Kozyrev, E. A., Kravchenko, E. A., Onuchin, A. P., Serednyakov, S. I., Skovpen, Y. I., Solodov, E. P., Todyshev, K. Y., Lankford, A. J., Dey, B., Gary, J. W., Long, O., Eisner, A. M., Lockman, W. S., Panduro Vazquez, W., Chao, D. S., Cheng, C. H., Echenard, B., Flood, K. T., Hitlin, D. G., Kim, J., Li, Y., Miyashita, T. S., Ongmongkolkul, P., Porter, F. C., Rohrken, M., Huard, Z., Meadows, B. T., Pushpawela, B. G., Sokoloff, M. D., Sun, L., Smith, J. G., Wagner, S. R., Bernard, D., Verderi, M., Bettoni, D., Bozzi, C., Calabrese, R., Cibinetto, G., Fioravanti, E., Garzia, I., Luppi, E., Santoro, V., Calcaterra, A., De Sangro, R., Finocchiaro, G., Martellotti, S., Patteri, P., Peruzzi, I. M., Piccolo, M., Rotondo, M., Zallo, A., Passaggio, S., Patrignani, C., Shuve, B. J., Lacker, H. M., Bhuyan, B., Mallik, U., Chen, C., Cochran, J., Prell, S., Gritsan, A. V., Arnaud, N., Davier, M., Le Diberder, F., Lutz, A. M., Wormser, G., Lange, D. J., Wright, D. M., Coleman, J. P., Gabathuler, E., Hutchcroft, D. E., Payne, D. J., Touramanis, C., Bevan, A. J., Di Lodovico, F., Sacco, R., Cowan, G., Banerjee, S., Davis, C. L., Denig, A. G., Gradl, W., Griessinger, K., Hafner, A., Schubert, K. R., Barlow, R. J., Lafferty, G. D., Cenci, R., Jawahery, A., Roberts, D. A., Cowan, R., Robertson, S. H., Seddon, R. M., Neri, N., Palombo, F., Cremaldi, L., Godang, R., Summers, D. J., Taras, P., De Nardo, G., Sciacca, C., Raven, G., Jessop, C. P., Losecco, J. M., Honscheid, K., Kass, R., Gaz, A., Margoni, M., Posocco, M., Simi, G., Simonetto, F., Stroili, R., Akar, S., Ben-Haim, E., Bomben, M., Bonneaud, G. R., Calderini, G., Chauveau, J., Marchiori, G., Ocariz, J., Biasini, M., Manoni, E., Rossi, A., Batignani, G., Bettarini, S., Carpinelli, M., Casarosa, G., Chrzaszcz, M., Forti, F., Giorgi, M. A., Lusiani, A., Oberhof, B., Paoloni, E., Rama, M., Rizzo, G., Walsh, J. J., Zani, L., Smith, A. J. S., Anulli, F., Faccini, R., Ferrarotto, F., Ferroni, F., Pilloni, A., Piredda, G., Bunger, C., Dittrich, S., Grunberg, O., Hess, M., Leddig, T., Voss, C., Waldi, R., Adye, T., Wilson, F. F., Emery, S., Vasseur, G., Aston, D., Cartaro, C., Convery, M. R., Dorfan, J., Dunwoodie, W., Ebert, M., Field, R. C., Fulsom, B. G., Graham, M. T., Hast, C., Innes, W. R., Kim, P., Leith, D. W. G. S., Luitz, S., Macfarlane, D. B., Muller, D. R., Neal, H., Ratcliff, B. N., Roodman, A., Sullivan, M. K., Va'Vra, J., Wisniewski, W. J., Purohit, M. V., Wilson, J. R., Randle-Conde, A., Sekula, S. J., Ahmed, H., Bellis, M., Burchat, P. R., Puccio, E. M. T., Alam, M. S., Ernst, J. A., Gorodeisky, R., Guttman, N., Peimer, D. R., Soffer, A., Spanier, S. M., Ritchie, J. L., Schwitters, R. F., Izen, J. M., Lou, X. C., Bianchi, F., De Mori, F., Filippi, A., Gamba, D., Lanceri, L., Vitale, L., Martinez-Vidal, F., Oyanguren, A., Albert, J., Beaulieu, A., Bernlochner, F. U., King, G. J., Kowalewski, R., Lueck, T., Nugent, I. M., Roney, J. M., Sobie, R. J., Tasneem, N., Gershon, T. J., Harrison, P. F., Latham, T. E., Prepost, R., and Wu, S. L.

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Kjerne- og elementærpartikkelfysikk: 431 [VDP], Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electron–positron annihilation, General Physics and Astronomy, BaBar experiment, Bottom meson, BaBar, PEP-II, B meson, Bottom mesons, Branching (polymer chemistry), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Lower limit, HEP, NO, Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431 [VDP], 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Bar (unit)
Abstract

A study of the two-body decays B±→XccK±, where Xcc refers to one charmonium state, is reported by the BABAR Collaboration using a data sample of 424 fb-1. The absolute determination of branching fractions for these decays are significantly improved compared to previous BABAR measurements. Evidence is found for the decay B+→X(3872)K+ at the 3σ level. The absolute branching fraction B[B+→X(3872)K+]=[2.1±0.6(stat)±0.3(syst)]×10-4 is measured for the first time. It follows that B[X(3872)→J/ψπ+π-]=(4.1±1.3)%, supporting the hypothesis of a molecular component for this resonance., This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada), Institute of High Energy Physics (China), the Commissariat `a l’Energie Atomique and Institut National de Physique Nucl´eaire et de Physique des Particules (France), the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany), the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy), the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (The Netherlands), the Research Council of Norway, the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation, and the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (United Kingdom). Individuals have received support from CONACyT (Mexico), the A. P. Sloan Foundation, the Research Corporation, and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.

Published
2020

19. Partial discharge detection and localization : using software defined radio

Author

Martin D. Judd, Christos Tachtatzis, H. Mohamed, Pavlos I. Lazaridis, Robert Atkinson, Peter Mather, and Ian Glover

Subjects
Materials science, INSULATION FAILURE, Acoustics, Capacitive sensing, TK, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, High voltage, 02 engineering and technology, Software-defined radio, Inductive coupling, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Partial discharge, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Radio frequency, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

Partial discharge (PD) occurs when insulation containing voids is subjected to high voltage (HV). If left untreated, PD can degrade insulation until, eventually, catastrophic insulation failure occurs. The detection of PD current pulses, however, can allow incipient insulation faults to be identified, located, and repaired prior to plant failure. Traditionally, PD is detected by using galvanic contact methods or capacitive/inductive coupling sensors. This article discusses the use of software-defined radio (SDR) for PD detection and localization and presents proof of principle experimental results that suggest that SDR can provide a simple and reliable solution for PD-based monitoring of HV insulation integrity.

Published
2019

20. Low power radiometric partial discharge sensor using composite transistor-reset integrator

Author

Ian Glover, Peter Mather, D Upton, Christos Tachtatzis, Keyur K. Mistry, Martin D. Judd, Flavio Torres Filho, Bakhtiar I. Saeed, Pavlos I. Lazaridis, Robert Atkinson, and Martin J.N. Sibley

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Computer science, business.industry, TK, Amplifier, Detector, Bandwidth (signal processing), 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Integrator, 0103 physical sciences, Partial discharge, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, Wireless, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Oscilloscope, business, Wireless sensor network
Abstract

The measurement of partial discharge provides a means of monitoring insulation health in high-voltage equipment. Traditional partial discharge measurements require separate installation for each item of plant to physically connect sensors with specific items. Wireless measurement methods provide an attractive and scalable alternative. Existing wireless monitoring technologies which use time-difference-of-arrival of a partial discharge signal at multiple, spatially separated, sensors place high demands on power consumption and cost due to a requirement for rapid sampling. A recently proposed partial discharge monitoring system using a wireless sensor network and measuring received signal strength only, has potential cost and scalability advantages. An incoherent wireless sensor incorporating a transistor-reset integrator has been developed that reduces the measurement bandwidth of the PD events and alleviates the need for high-speed sampling. It is based on composite amplifier techniques to reduce the power requirements by a factor of approximately four without compromising precision. The accuracy of the proposed sensor is compared to that obtained using a high-speed digital sampling oscilloscope. Received energies were measured over a 10 m distance in 1 m increments and produced an error within 1 dB beyond 4 m and 3.2 dB at shorter distances, resulting in a measurement accuracy within 1 m.

Published
2018

21. A Study of Energy Partition During Arc Initiation

Author

Mark P. Wilson, Tao Wang, Martin D. Judd, Emma I. Harrison, Sotiria G. Koutoula, Igor V. Timoshkin, Scott J. MacGregor, and Martin J. Given

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Electric potential energy, 010401 analytical chemistry, Electrical engineering, Plasma, Mechanics, Condensed Matter Physics, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, Transient voltage suppressor, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Electric arc, Capacitor, law, 0103 physical sciences, Transient (oscillation), business, 010301 acoustics, QC, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of energy partition among various physical processes during the formation of an electrical arc. Experimental work was conducted to accurately determine the energy delivered into the discharge. The transient voltage and current waveforms have been measured. An analytical model was developed which allows estimation of the energy partition in the discharge to be performed in order to evaluate risks associated with different energy components: thermal, kinetic-acoustic and light. Approximately 60% of the electrical energy is converted into mechanical work, subsequently contributing to the pressure rise. The results obtained will help in studies of safety considerations regarding hazards associated with plasma discharges in transient faults/sparks and during the onset of arcing faults (flash and blast hazards).

Published
2016

22. Modeling of high-frequency current transformer based partial discharge detection in high-voltage cables

Author

Xiao Hu, Alistair Reid, Martin D. Judd, Wah Hoon Siew, and Bojie Sheng

Subjects
Coupling, power cables, Materials science, business.industry, 020209 energy, partial discharge (PD), Electrical engineering, Finite-difference time-domain method, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, High voltage, 02 engineering and technology, Transfer function, Current transformer, Partial discharge, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, transfer functions, Waveform, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, high frequency current transformer (HFCT), Electrical conductor, Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD)
Abstract

© 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. © 1986-2012 IEEE. Partial discharge (PD) testing of high-voltage (HV) cables and cable accessories has been implemented predominantly using high-frequency current transformers (HFCTs) as PD sensors. PD currents initiating at PD sources are coupled onto cable conductors. They travel away from the PD sources and are detected by HFCTs installed at cable terminations. In this paper, based on combining finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling and transfer function theory, a hybrid modeling approach is proposed to investigate the processes of PD coupling and detection involved in HFCT-based PD testing of HV cables. This approach allows exciting a PD event anywhere in FDTD models of the cables and predicting output from HFCTs some distance away. Implementation of the method is illustrated using an 11 kV XLPE cable. Moreover, a 'direct measurement' method of obtaining original PD pulses as the excitation source waveform is presented. The modeling approach introduced here will facilitate studies on the relationship between measured PD signals and those excited at PD sources, which can potentially give useful insight into the basic mechanisms behind PD detection in cables.

Published
2019

23. Improving the Flash value stream with new technologies: inline systems provide just-in-time programming of Flash memory devices, improving production line throughput and increasing yields

Author

Godt, Larry and Boone, D. Judd

Subjects
Electronics industry -- Management, Printed circuits -- Management, Circuit printing -- Management, Company business management, Electronics industry, Printed circuit board, Business, Electronics and electrical industries, Engineering and manufacturing industries
Abstract

In today's world of fluctuating production demands and quickly evolving products, factory managers have been forced to find new ways to limit costs and add flexibility. The emergence of the [...]

Published
2002

24. Monitoring contamination level on insulator materials under dry condition with a microwave reflectometer

Author

Martin D. Judd, Yan Jiang, Alan Wilson, A. Nekahi, Scott G. McMeekin, and Alistair Reid

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Radiometer, Nuclear engineering, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Insulator (electricity), 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, Contamination, Snow, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Arc flash, Electronic engineering, Environmental science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Reflectometry, Microwave
Abstract

Current techniques used for monitoring the levels of contamination on high voltage insulators, such as leakage current and infrared, are not effective in dry conditions since they require the surface of the insulator to be wetted by fog, rain or snow. If a buildup of contamination occurs during a prolonged dry period prior to a weather change there will be a significant risk that flashover may occur before there is time to implement preventative maintenance. Previous work has demonstrated the use of microwave radiometry to determine the levels of contamination on an insulator material under dry conditions, however practical applications are limited by low sensitivity. This paper reports the development of a novel technique based on microwave reflectometry to detect the power levels reflected from the surface of the insulator material. The level of contamination is then determined as a function of received power. A theoretical model establishes the relationship between equivalent salt deposit density levels on insulator surface and the dielectric properties of the contamination layer. A Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) model is used to simulate the total loss as a function of the contamination level. Experimental results verify the FDTD model and demonstrate the sensitivity of the reflectometer system to be approximately 100 times greater than the radiometer system. Therefore, the reflectometry system has considerably greater potential for practical applications to provide advance warning of the future failure of insulators under dry conditions for both HVDC and HVAC systems.

Published
2016

25. Feasibility study on application of microwave radiometry to monitor contamination level on insulator materials

Author

A. Nekahi, Martin D. Judd, Alistair Reid, Scott G. McMeekin, Alan Wilson, and Yan Jiang

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Pollution, Radiometer, media_common.quotation_subject, Microwave radiometer, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Insulator (electricity), 02 engineering and technology, Contamination, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Arc flash, Environmental science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Microwave radiometry, High voltage insulators, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, media_common, Remote sensing
Abstract

This paper introduces a novel method for monitoring contamination levels on high voltage insulators based on microwave radiometry. Present contamination monitoring solutions for high voltage insulators are only effective in predicting flashover risk when the contamination layer has been wetted by rain, fog or condensation. The challenge comes where the pollution occurs during a dry period prior to a weather change. Under these conditions, flashover can often occur within a short time period after wetting and is not predicted by measurements taken in the dry period. The microwave radiometer system described in this paper measures energy emitted from the contamination layer and could provide a safe, reliable, contactless monitoring method that is effective under dry conditions. The relationship between equivalent salt deposit density and radiometer output is described using a theoretical model and experimentally verified using a specially designed X-band radiometer. Results demonstrate that the output from the radiometer is able to clearly distinguish between different levels of contamination on insulator materials under dry conditions. This novel contamination monitoring method could potentially provide advance warning of the future failure of wet insulators in climates where insulators can experience dry conditions for extended periods.

Published
2016

26. Practical aspects of partial discharge measurement for HVDC cables

Author

Xiao Hu, Martin D. Judd, Wah Hoon Siew, R Giussani, M. Seltzer-Grant, O El Mountassir, Edward Corr, and Alistair Reid

Subjects
Materials science, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, business.industry, TK, Attenuation, Direct current, Electrical engineering, Condition monitoring, Condensed Matter Physics, Current transformer, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Harmonics, Partial discharge, Radio frequency, business, Voltage
Abstract

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) cables are increasingly being installed to connect new offshore wind farms. Unplanned outages of these connectors can cause high economic impacts. Hence, there are requirements for condition-based maintenance that can improve operational reliability. Partial discharge (PD) is indicative of insulation defects. PD monitoring for AC cables is well established, but before applying the technique to HVDC cable connections, it is important to characterise PD behaviour under DC conditions and the attenuation in HVDC cables. This paper investigates PD activity under non-ideal DC stress, PD signal attenuation in HVDC cables, and electromagnetic noise in converter stations. Under the voltage of superimposed DC and harmonics, PD pulses tend to synchronise with the phase of harmonics. Therefore, synchronised recording of PD pulses can produce phase resolved patterns as an additional tool for insulation diagnostics. Modelling of attenuation in a HVDC transmission cable indicates that a detection bandwidth of tens of kHz to a few MHz may improve detection sensitivity when measuring PD current pulses over very long cable runs is carried out through sensors such as high frequency current transformers (HFCTs) installed at cable ends. Additionally, the RF spectrum measured in a converter station cable hall did not include any switching-related signals, demonstrating the viability of RF sensors based PD monitoring for the HV components associated with the cable connections.

Published
2020

27. Low Power High-Speed Folding ADC Based Partial Discharge Sensor for Wireless Fault Detection in Substations

Author

Richard Haigh, Martin D. Judd, U. Khan, Ian Glover, H. Mohamed, Peter Mather, D Upton, Pavlos I. Lazaridis, Keyur K. Mistry, F. Torres Filho, Christos Tachtatzis, B. Saeed, and Robert Atkinson

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Computer science, business.industry, TK, Condition monitoring, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, computer.file_format, 01 natural sciences, Fault detection and isolation, Switchgear, Data conversion, Electric power transmission, 0103 physical sciences, Partial discharge, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, Wireless, business, computer, Wireless sensor network
Abstract

Partial discharge is a well-established metric for condition monitoring and assessment of high-voltage plant equipment, such as switchgear, transformers and transmission lines. Traditional techniques for the detection of partial discharge pulses involve physical connection of sensors to the device under observation, requiring separate sensors for each item of plant, which can be costly and time consuming. Wireless partial discharge measurement provides an attractive alternative, since sensors can monitor multiple items of plant simultaneously. However, direct sampling of the received UHF partial discharge pulse is unsuitable for a scalable wireless sensor network, due to the high cost and power consumption required for high-speed data conversion. A sensor is proposed that utilizes a pipelined, sample-and-hold based, folding analogue to digital converter structure that features low power consumption when no signal is present, making it suitable for low-power data conversion of radiometric partial discharge. A proof of concept circuit has been developed using discrete components to evaluate the performance of the system with 8-bit resolution at 25 MSa/s and 56 mW of power consumption.

Published
2018

28. History of atmospheric deposition of trace elements in lake sediments, ~1880 to 2007

Author

A. Bari, Kamal Swami, Christopher D. Judd, Liaquat Husain, Sayantan Sarkar, Tanveer Ahmed, and Vincent A. Dutkiewicz

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Meteorology, business.industry, Air pollution, chemistry.chemical_element, Sediment, medicine.disease_cause, Mercury (element), Geophysics, Flux (metallurgy), Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Environmental chemistry, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), medicine, Environmental science, Coal, Water quality, Water pollution, business
Abstract

We report measurements of 30 major and trace elements (TEs) in sediment cores from two high-altitude lakes, West Pine Pond (WPP), and Clear Pond (CP), in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. The data are used to deduce atmospheric deposition histories of TEs over ~130 years. The cores were collected using a gravity corer, sliced, freeze dried, and ages determined using 210Pb and 137Cs techniques. TE data in WPP were supplemented with our earlier elemental carbon (EC) measurements. Lithophilic elements showed no systematic temporal pattern or any significant enrichment over their crustal abundances. Anthropogenic TEs exhibited distinct increases beginning ~1900, and peaked around 1920–1970, due apparently to energy-related emissions. Peak concentrations of most TEs, except Pb and Hg, were observed at ~1921 in WPP and ~1940s in CP. Concentration of Pb peaked in 1973 in both lakes and Hg only in CP at ~1965. Lead fluxes were reflective of historical smelter production and combustion of coal and leaded gasoline. Copper and zinc fluxes mimicked corresponding primary production, while EC fluxes followed the long-term trend for fossil and biofuel combustion. TE and EC flux trends were closely related to the growth of industrialization in the Central and Midwestern U.S. and changing fuel consumption patterns. Compared to peak values, the modern TE fluxes decreased by 25–85%, whereas EC decreased by 96%. Apparently, the regulations intended to control pollutant emissions have succeeded in reducing atmospheric concentrations of the species studied and have improved air quality.

Published
2015

29. Radiometric detection and analysis of arcing faults

Author

Martin D. Judd, Rachel M. Harris, Philip J. Moore, and James Livie

Subjects
Lightning strike, Engineering, business.industry, Global Positioning System, Radio atmospheric, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Multilateration, Fault (power engineering), business, Lightning, Signal, Remote sensing, Fault indicator
Abstract

A novel method for long-range detection and potential location of arcing faults on electrical distribution networks is described and investigated. When a network fault induces an electrical arc it is accompanied by the radiation of electromagnetic transients that can be detected remotely as a radio frequency signal. By capturing its wavefront at more than one monitoring location the time-difference-of-arrival between monitoring station pairs can be used to establish the origin. This approach is used to locate lightning arcs where the emissions are referred to as sferics. A key advantage of detecting faults by capturing the radiometric emissions from their arcs is that no direct connection is required to the plant being monitored, eliminating the need to take it out of service for either installation or maintenance of the radiometric monitoring equipment. This approach also has the potential for wide area coverage as opposed to monitoring a single specific circuit. In this paper, we describe the development and trialing of a monitoring network comprising 4 geographically separate receiving stations with an inter-station distance of less than 20 km. The utilization of GPS steered time-stamps overcame the fundamental challenge of providing a common, accurate, synchronized time-stamp for the transient signals received at each station. As well as providing the basis for fault location, this information allowed signals to be correlated with the network fault records. The system was proven to capture emissions from fault-induced arcs, but none of the captures were made at more than a single monitoring station, hence the efficacy of the system at locating fault-induced arcs could not be evaluated. However, lightning strikes were captured simultaneously at several monitoring stations and successfully located; demonstrating that the data capture methodology does allow signal origins to be determined. Further study is needed regarding the propagation distances of fault induced radiometric emissions, particularly their rate of attenuation with distance.

Published
2015

30. Multiple asymmetric traveling salesmen problem with and without precedence constraints: Performance comparison of alternative formulations

Author

Pei-Fang (Jennifer) Tsai, Jason D. Judd, Hanif D. Sherali, and Subhash C. Sarin

Subjects
Mathematical optimization, Commercial software, Transformation (function), General Computer Science, Flow (mathematics), Modeling and Simulation, Performance comparison, Sequential ordering problem, Context (language use), Management Science and Operations Research, Type (model theory), Travelling salesman problem, Mathematics
Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the performances of 32 formulations for the multiple asymmetric traveling salesman problem (mATSP) from the viewpoint of their tightness and solvability using commercial software. These formulations are either new or are generalizations of those proposed in the literature for the ATSP, including a transformation of the mATSP to an equivalent ATSP formulation. In particular, our results based on the latter strategy reveal that the superiority of the original mATSP formulation over an equivalent transformed ATSP model depends upon the type of formulation used for conducting such a transformation. We also extend our study to the case where precedence relationships exist among the cities. We address two situations in this context. In the first case, a sequential processing order is enforced between a pair of cities only if they both lie on the tour of a particular salesman. The second case involves a more general precedence in which a sequential processing order between certain pairs of cities is enforced regardless of whether the designated pairs are visited by the same or by different salesmen. Our computational experiments demonstrate that the flow-based models afford the tightest LP relaxations. Additionally, the formulations that model the different variants of the mATSP directly, rather than by transforming them to equivalent ATSP problems, are generally faster to solve and are more robust.

Published
2014

31. Employee engagement for a sustainable enterprise 1

Author

Sangeeta Mahurkar-Rao, Orrin D. Judd, Jeana Wirtenberg, Kent D. Fairfield, Richard N. Knowles, and William G. Russell

Subjects
Process management, Employee research, Knowledge management, business.industry, Employee engagement, Business, Enterprise planning system
Published
2017

32. Wireless sensor network for radiometric detection and assessment of partial discharge in HV equipment

Author

H. Mohamed, M F Q Vieira, Christos Tachtatzis, P. J. Malher, Robert Atkinson, D Upton, A. Jaberi, Ephraim Iorkyase, Keyur K. Mistry, B. Saeed, Pavlos I. Lazaridis, Martin D. Judd, Ian Glover, and U. Khan

Subjects
010302 applied physics, WirelessHART, Data collection, Computer science, business.industry, TK, Real-time computing, 020206 networking & telecommunications, High voltage, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Partial discharge, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Mobile wireless sensor network, Radiometry, Radio frequency, Telecommunications, business, Wireless sensor network
Abstract

Monitoring of partial discharge (PD) activity within high voltage electrical environments is frequently used for the assessment of insulation condition. Traditional measurement techniques employ technologies that require either offline installation or high power consumption and cost. A wireless sensor network is proposed that utilizes only received signal strength to locate partial discharge within a high-voltage electricity substation. The network comprises low-power and low-cost radiometric sensor nodes which receive the radiation propagated from a source of partial discharge. Results are reported from a test performed within a large indoor environment with a network of nine sensor nodes. An emulated PD source was placed at multiple locations within the network. Signal strength measured by the nodes is reported via WirelessHART to a data collection hub where it is processed using a location algorithm. The results obtained place the measured location within 2 m of the actual source location.

Published
2017

33. Diagnostic potential of free-space radiometric partial discharge measurements

Author

M F Q Vieira, Pavlos I. Lazaridis, Robert Atkinson, Martin D. Judd, Ephraim Iorkyase, Peter Mather, A. Jaber, Christos Tachtatzis, B. Saeed, and Ian Glover

Subjects
Materials science, TK, 010401 analytical chemistry, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Free space, 01 natural sciences, Radiometric measurement, 0104 chemical sciences, Power (physics), Partial discharge, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Calibration, Radiometry, Contact method, Wireless sensor network, Simulation
Abstract

The work reported in this paper addresses the calibration of four types of partial discharge (PD) emulator required for the development of a PD Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Three partial discharge (PD) emulators have been constructed: a floating-electrode emulator, and two internal\ud PD emulators. Both DC and AC HV power supplies are used to initiate PD which is measured using concurrent free-space radiometry (FSR) and a galvanic contact method based on the IEC 60270 standard. A new method of estimating absolute PD activity level from a radiometric measurement is proposed.

Published
2017

34. Transfer function characterization for HFCTs used in partial discharge detection

Author

Xiaosheng Peng, Xiao Hu, Martin D. Judd, and Wah Hoon Siew

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Pulse (signal processing), Acoustics, TK, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, High voltage, Ranging, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Transfer function, Current transformer, Erbium, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Partial discharge, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wideband
Abstract

High frequency current transformers (HFCTs) are widely employed to detect partial discharge (PD) induced currents in high voltage equipment. This paper describes measurements of the wideband transfer functions of HFCTs so that their influence on the detected pulse shape in advanced PD measurement applications can be characterized. The time-domain method based on the pulse response is a useful way to represent HFCT transfer functions as it allows numerical determination of the forward and reverse transfer functions of the sensor. However, while the method is accurate at high frequencies it can have limited resolution at low frequencies. In this paper, a composite time-domain method is presented to allow accurate characterization of the HFCT transfer functions at both low and high frequencies. The composite method was tested on two different HFCTs and the results indicate that the method can characterize their transfer functions ranging from several kHz to tens of MHz. Results are found to be in good agreement with frequency-domain measurements up to 50 MHz. Measurement procedures for using the method are summarized to facilitate further applications.

Published
2017

35. SDMF based interference rejection and PD interpretation for simulated defects in HV cable diagnostics

Author

Wah Hoon Siew, Xiaosheng Peng, Martin D. Judd, Zhaohui Li, Donald M. Hepburn, Jinyu Wen, Guangyao Yang, Chengke Zhou, and Alistair Reid

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, 020209 energy, System of measurement, TK, 02 engineering and technology, White noise, 01 natural sciences, Synchronous detection, Signal, Current transformer, Interference (communication), 0103 physical sciences, Partial discharge, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Electrical conductor
Abstract

Partial Discharge (PD) in cable systems causes deterioration and failure, identifying the presence of PD is crucial to Asset Management. This paper presents methods for interference signals rejection and for PD interpretation for five types of artificial defect in 11 kV ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) cable. Firstly, the physical parameters of the artificial defects used for PD signal generation are introduced. Thereafter, the sample stress regime, PD testing and detection systems, including IEC 60270 measurement system and High Frequency Current Transformer (HFCT), are outlined. Following on, a novel Synchronous Detection and Multi-information Fusion (SDMF) based signal identification method is developed, to separate PD and interference signals within raw data. Finally, a comparative PD analysis of two detection systems is carried out and several characteristics of insulation related PD signals of EPR cables are reported. The SDMF based data pre-processing and the comparative PD activity analysis contribute to improvement of PD pattern recognition and assist in on-line PD monitoring systems.

Published
2017

36. Rough set theory applied to pattern recognition of partial discharge in noise affected cable data

Author

Martin D. Judd, Xiaosheng Peng, Jinyu Wen, Donald M. Hepburn, Wah Hoon Siew, Alistair Reid, Chengke Zhou, Zhaohui Li, and Guangyao Yang

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Engineering, Artificial neural network, business.industry, Noise (signal processing), TK, Feature extraction, Pattern recognition, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Support vector machine, Reduction (complexity), 0103 physical sciences, Pattern recognition (psychology), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, Rough set, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

This paper presents an effective, Rough Set (RS) based, pattern recognition method for rejecting interference signals and recognising Partial Discharge (PD) signals from different sources. Firstly, RS theory is presented in terms of Information System, Lower and Upper Approximation, Signal Discretisation, Attribute Reduction and a flowchart of the RS based pattern recognition method. Secondly, PD testing of five types of artificial defect in ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) cable is carried out and data pre-processing and feature extraction are employed to separate PD and interference signals. Thirdly, the RS based PD signal recognition method is applied to 4000 samples and is proven to have 99% accuracy. Fourthly, the RS based PD recognition method is applied to signals from five different sources and an accuracy of more than 93% is attained when a combination of signal discretisation and attribute reduction methods are applied. Finally, Back-propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) methods are studied and compared with the developed method. The proposed RS method is proven to have higher accuracy than SVM and BPNN and can be applied for on-line PD monitoring of cable systems after training with valid sample data.

Published
2017

37. Validation of partial discharge emulator simulations using free-space radiometric measurements

Author

Robert Atkinson, Pavlos I. Lazaridis, D Upton, Martin D. Judd, Peter Mather, A. Jaber, Y. Zhang, Ian Glover, H. Ahmed, M F Q Vieira, U. Khan, and B. Saeed

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Acoustics, TK, Finite-difference time-domain method, Field strength, High voltage, Free space, Electromagnetic radiation, Electrode, Partial discharge, business, Intensity (heat transfer), Simulation
Abstract

A useful technique to estimate the degradation of insulation in high voltage (HV) installations is the measurement of partial discharge (PD). Free-space radiometric (FSR) detection of PD is a relatively new technique. Several types of PD emulator sources have been constructed: two internal PD emulators and a floating electrode emulator. The emulators have been simulated using the CST Microwave Studio software package. The intention is to use the simulated emulators to establish a relationship between radiated PD signals and PD intensity as defined by apparent charge transfer. To this end the radiated fields predicted in the simulations are compared with measurements. There is sufficient agreement between simulations and measurements to suggest the simulations could be used to investigate the relationship between PD intensity and the field strength of radiated signals.

Published
2017

38. Assessment of Effective Radiated Power of the Partial Discharge Emulator Source

Author

D Upton, M F Q Vieira, Pavlos I. Lazaridis, Peter Mather, A. Jaber, H. Ahmed, Y. Zhang, Ian Glover, Martin D. Judd, U. Khan, Robert Atkinson, B. Saeed, Otung, Ifiok, Pillai, Prashant, Eleftherakis, George, and Giambene, Giovanni

Subjects
Biconical antenna, Engineering, TA, business.industry, Partial discharge, Calibration, Electronic engineering, AC power, Wideband, Effective radiated power, business, Signal
Abstract

Two effective partial discharge (PD) measurement techniques are used; a galvanic contact measurement technique similar to the IEC 60270 standard measurement and free-space radiometric (FSR) measurement. Several types of PD sources are specially constructed: two internal PD emulators and an emulator of the floating-electrode type. An AC power supply is applied to the PD source and the radiated signal is captured using a wideband biconical antenna. The calibration of PD sources is demonstrated. Effective radiated power (ERP) of the PD sources using a PD calibration device is determined.

Published
2017

39. Characterization of streamers in liquid nitrogen under AC voltages using UHF techniques

Author

Martin D. Judd, Paul Lewin, and L. H. Truong

Subjects
business.industry, Chemistry, Acoustics, Bandwidth (signal processing), Electrical engineering, Current transformer, Narrowband, Ultra high frequency, Partial discharge, Time domain, Radio frequency, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wideband, business
Abstract

Pre-breakdown phenomena in liquid nitrogen (LN2), often referred as streamers, are the precursor of total breakdown due to the more conductive nature of density-change channels compared to the liquid. The paper characterizes streamer behavior in LN2 under AC voltages using ultra high frequency (UHF) and radio frequency current transformer (RFCT) measurements. The aim is to further understand the role of LN2 as insulation as well as the application of non-conventional partial discharge (PD) detection techniques in condition monitoring of future HTS devices. An experiment has been developed to measure PD events in LN2 using narrowband and wideband methods simultaneously. PD detection following IEC 60270 standards allows measurement of the amount of charge transferred at the terminals while the use of a UHF senor with a bandwidth up to 3 GHz can provide better resolution in the time domain. Results from the UHF sensor show that PD in LN2 appears in the form of multiple pulses which are suggested to be due to the expansion and collapse of the gaseous channels. The pulse burst phenomenon was not observed by the narrowband detection. Instead, a slowly damped signal was measured, which may result from the integration of multiple individual events. The experiment also allows correlation of PD measurements with images of pre-breakdown streamers using shadow photography. The characteristics of streamers in LN2 are discussed based on the observation of the density-change channels together with the corresponding discharge signature.

Published
2014

40. Optimization of Voltage Doublers for Energy Harvesting Applications

Author

Martin D. Judd and Nina Roscoe

Subjects
Engineering, Voltage doubler, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Impedance matching, Power (physics), Low-power electronics, Electronic engineering, Voltage source, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Instrumentation, Electrical impedance, Energy harvesting, Voltage
Abstract

Energy harvesting is increasingly enabling the expansion of wireless sensor networks in challenging applications by replacing batteries in low power sensors. Many forms of energy harvester suffer from low output voltage that can be partially compensated for by the use of a Cockcroft-Walton voltage doubler ahead of a dc-dc converter. Impedance matching of energy harvesters is critical to achieve high output power/unit volume. This paper explores optimum impedance match for an energy harvester with a voltage doubler and dc-dc converter. Formulas are derived and experimentally confirmed, which calculate optimum impedance match between the harvester and a load, and calculate voltage at the input to the dc-dc converter for a given wireless sensor power consumption. Further, the formula for optimum impedance match is validated against independently published results.

Published
2013

41. Capacitive sensors for offshore scour monitoring

Author

Mohamed Saafi, Martin D. Judd, and Panagiotis Michalis

Subjects
Engineering, Hydraulics, business.industry, Foundation (engineering), Civil engineering, Turbine, law.invention, Offshore wind power, General Energy, law, Submarine pipeline, Structural health monitoring, business, Wireless sensor network, Seabed, Marine engineering
Abstract

One of the main challenges in the design and operation of offshore wind turbines arises from the uncertainty about maximum scour depth around their foundations. Scour action can lead to excessive excavation of the surrounding seabed and is being considered as a major risk for offshore wind farm developments. An ability to gather information concerning the evolution of scouring will enable the validation of models derived from laboratory-based studies, the assessment of different engineering designs and the development of improved scour countermeasure techniques. However, real-time scour data are not being collected due to a lack of available instrumentation techniques. This paper proposes a new scour monitoring technology for offshore wind turbine installations. The monitoring system consists of arrays of small capacitive scour probes installed around the foundation structure and linked to a wireless network to enable remote data acquisition. Based on this research, it is concluded that the sensor is capable of exhibiting high sensitivity to scour and sediment deposition processes for common sea floor mediums under different temperature conditions in saline water. The proposed monitoring system has considerable potential for field applications that will contribute to improving the resilience and sustainability of offshore structures.

Published
2013

42. Harvest schedule to fill storage for year-round delivery of grasses to biorefinery

Author

Jason D. Judd, Robert D. Grisso, Devita McCullough, and John S. Cundiff

Subjects
Agronomy, biology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Harvest season, Capital cost, Environmental science, Panicum virgatum, Forestry, Biorefinery, biology.organism_classification, Waste Management and Disposal, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Number of annual harvest days is a critical variable in the scheduling of year-round delivery of grasses to a biorefinery. It defines the number of harvest machines required and the size of satellite storage capacity. An increase in both these parameters increases capital cost and thus the average delivered cost of biomass for year-round operation. The objective of this study was to determine the impact (number of harvest machines required and storage capacity required) of several harvest scenarios for switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). Calculations were done for a database of potential production fields within a 48-km radius of Gretna, Virginia. Four harvest scenarios were chosen ranging from short, October–December to extended, July–March. The extended harvest required only 33 round balers while the short (October–December) harvest required 64; consequently, capital cost for extended-harvest balers was only 51% of the baler capital cost for the short season. Maximum required storage capacity was 75% of the total annual harvest for the short season and 44% for the extended season. Capital cost to build storage was reduced by 41% by selecting the extended harvest season.

Published
2013

43. Characterizing the Sensitivity of UHF Partial Discharge Sensors Using FDTD Modeling

Author

Martin D. Judd, A Asnor Mazuan Bin Ishak, P. C. Baker, and Wah Hoon Siew

Subjects
Frequency response, Engineering, business.industry, Finite-difference time-domain method, Condition monitoring, Step response, Ultra high frequency, Partial discharge, Electronic engineering, Sensitivity (control systems), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Instrumentation, Parametric statistics
Abstract

Ultra high frequency (UHF) partial discharge sensors are widely used for condition monitoring and defect location in the insulation systems of high voltage equipment. Designing sensors for specific applications often requires an iterative process of manufacture, test, and mechanical modifications. This paper demonstrates the use of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation as a tool to predict the frequency response of a UHF sensor design. Using this approach, the design process can be simplified and parametric studies can be conducted in order to assess the influence of component dimensions and material properties on the sensor response. The modeling approach is validated using a broadband UHF sensor calibration system, which uses the step response of the sensor to determine its frequency-domain transfer function. The use of a transient excitation source is particularly suitable for modeling using FDTD, which is able to simulate the step response output voltage of the sensor, from which the frequency response is obtained using the same post-processing applied to the physical measurement. Comparisons between simulation and measurement are made for three different sensors, demonstrating sensitivity agreement to within about 10%. Some examples of simple parametric studies carried out using the FDTD model are also presented.

Published
2013

44. Application of K-Means method to pattern recognition in on-line cable partial discharge monitoring

Author

Martin D. Judd, Xiaosheng Peng, Wah Hoon Siew, Donald M. Hepburn, and Chengke Zhou

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, TK, Condition monitoring, Pattern recognition, Interference (wave propagation), Line (electrical engineering), Power (physics), Partial discharge, Pattern recognition (psychology), Electronic engineering, Waveform, Artificial intelligence, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Voltage
Abstract

On-line Partial Discharge (PD) monitoring is being increasingly adopted in an effort to improve asset management of the vast network of MV and HV power cables. This paper presents a novel method for autonomous recognition of PD patterns recorded under conditions in which a phase-reference voltage waveform from the HV conductors is not available, as is often the case in on-line PD based insulation condition monitoring. The paper begins with an analysis of two significant challenges for automatic PD pattern recognition. A methodology is then proposed for applying the K-Means method to the task of recognizing PD patterns without phase reference information. Results are presented to show that the proposed methodology is capable of recognising patterns of PD activity in on-line monitoring applications for both single-phase and three-phase cables and is also effective technique for rejecting interference signals.

Published
2013

45. The psychological benefits of participating in group singing for members of the general public

Author

Marianne D Judd and Julie Ann Pooley

Subjects
Focus (computing), Group (mathematics), Applied psychology, Choir, Psychology (miscellaneous), Singing, Psychology, Social psychology, Music
Abstract

The last decade has produced a growing number of studies examining the potential psychological benefits of singing in a choir. Studies have tended to focus on the benefits for groups that might be described as marginalized or criminal. In contrast, the current study focused on members of the general public who regularly participate in choral singing. An in-depth qualitative design was utilized to explore the meaning and importance of group singing for 10 participants. Thematic analysis based on an interpretive approach was utilized to analyse the data. Psychological benefits emerged as two themes: individual and group. A third theme, mediating factors, impacted upon both individual and group outcomes. Eight sub-themes were identified and labelled: psychological, musical, physical, ethos, group dynamic, past experiences, type of choir and musical director. Results illustrate that group singing is a joyful activity that promotes wellbeing and is life enhancing for those involved. Future research directions are briefly discussed.

Published
2013

47. Comparative study of Partial Discharge emulators for the calibration of Free-Space radiometric measurements

Author

U. Khan, Peter Mather, A. Jaber, Martin D. Judd, H. Ahmed, Y. Zhang, B. Saeed, Pavlos I. Lazaridis, D Upton, Ian Glover, M F Q Vieira, and Robert Atkinson

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Acoustics, High voltage, 02 engineering and technology, Effective radiated power, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Biconical antenna, 0103 physical sciences, Partial discharge, Calibration, Electronic engineering, Radiometry, Wideband, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Partial discharge is measured simultaneously using free-space radiometry (FSR) and a galvanic contact measurement technique based on the IEC 60270 standard. Several types of PD (Partial Discharge) sources are specially constructed: two internal PD emulators and an emulator of the floating-electrode type. The excitation applied to the source is AC and the radiated signal is captured using a wideband biconical antenna. The calibration of PD sources is demonstrated. Effective radiated power of the PD source using a PD calibration device is determined.

Published
2016

48. Assessment of absolute partial discharge intensity from a free-space radiometric measurement

Author

Y. Zhang, Ian Glover, Pavlos I. Lazaridis, Robert Atkinson, Peter Mather, A. Jaber, M F Q Vieira, Martin D. Judd, H. Ahmed, U. Khan, B. Saeed, and D Upton

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Free space, Effective radiated power, Signal, Radiometric measurement, Intensity (physics), Biconical antenna, Optics, Partial discharge, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Calibration, Electronic engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, business
Abstract

Partial discharge (PD) is measured simultaneously using free-space radiometric (FSR) and a galvanic contact measurement technique based on the IEC 60270 standard. The PD source is an emulator of the floating-electrode type. The radiated signal is captured using a biconical antenna. A method of estimating absolute partial discharge (PD) activity level from a radiometric measurement by relating effective radiated power to PD intensity using a PD calibration device is presented.

Published
2016

49. Search for the radiative decay B0→γ

Author

A. B. Breon, R. G. Jacobsen, V. B. Koptchev, S. Ahmed, D. Gamba, J. L. Ritchie, I. Kitayama, S. E. Morgan, T. B. Moore, S. Schrenk, M. Dickopp, M. Legendre, P. C. Bloom, H. K. Hadavand, E. Chen, Q. H. Guo, B. Stugu, D. Dujmic, G. Marchiori, S. H. Robertson, N. S. Knecht, V. B. Golubev, G. Therin, P. Kim, Ch Yèche, F. Bucci, Paul Kyberd, M. M. Macri, G. Kukartsev, P. F. Giraud, J. C. Dingfelder, J. W. Berryhill, S. J. Sekula, A. Jawahery, S. D. Foulkes, G. P. Taylor, Herbert Koch, Maurizio Pierini, V. Halyo, R. Capra, R. N. Cahn, Maria Roberta Monge, G. Cibinetto, Peter Elmer, G. Wagner, L. Gladney, J. Schwiening, R. Faccini, N. De Groot, F. Ferrarotto, A. J. Lankford, F. Le Diberder, A. Mihalyi, Pierluigi Paolucci, N. Danielson, F. Galeazzi, Marcella Bona, J. D. Richman, M. J.J. John, R. Aleksan, E. Paoloni, P. Spradlin, R. Contri, G. W. Morton, M. H. Schune, U. Uwer, T. Brandt, R. Stroili, H. A. Neal, A. Roodman, T. J. Orimoto, D. Fortin, C. H. Cheng, A. Höcker, Liliana Teodorescu, X. C. Lou, J. J. Walsh, J. Marks, K. K. Gan, X. R. Chen, G. A. Cowan, S. Ricciardi, M. Lu, G. De Nardo, F. Simonetto, R. H. Schindler, Marcello Rotondo, Alexis Pompili, Tetiana Hryn'ova, A. P. Onuchin, H. U. Flaecher, A. Zghiche, A. M. Eichenbaum, C. K. Lae, M. T. Ronan, S. Otto, A. Chen, A. Ryd, R. Liu, A. Zallo, J. R. Fry, R. J. Wilson, L. M. Cremaldi, G. Rizzo, C. Lu, D. Judd, V. Lepeltier, B. A. Petersen, J. A. McKenna, F. Couderc, C. L. Brown, Bruce Schumm, F. Colecchia, R. Bartoldus, K. T. Flood, John Allison, Zongfu Yu, M. J. Charles, D. Côté, Shanhui Fan, Lijun Zhang, C. A. Heusch, P. Patteri, J. W. Lamsa, R. de Sangro, J. Brose, D. del Re, T. Pulliam, Roland Waldi, F. Ferroni, J. Schubert, Davide Piccolo, S. Saremi, M. Benayoun, S. L. Wu, W. Kozanecki, L. Del Buono, Roberto Calabrese, B. C. Shen, S. Brunet, A. Satpathy, A. Lu, A. J. Hart, L. Bosisio, A. Calcaterra, D. G. Hitlin, P. Rankin, S. Bailey, H. Marsiske, O. Hamon, J. A. Nash, M. Lo Vetere, Francesco Polci, R. Kroeger, A. W. Weidemann, C. Voci, H. L. Snoek, R. Eckmann, I. M. Peruzzi, W. H. Toki, S. Ye, T. C. Petersen, R. Ter-Antonyan, Eleonora Luppi, J. P. Lees, Te Latham, H. J. Bulten, M. Pelizaeus, Crisostomo Sciacca, D. Aston, H. Schröder, F. Bellini, S. Luitz, V. E. Ozcan, A. N. Yushkov, Yuehong Xie, D. Boutigny, J. Ocariz, Nicola Neri, A. T. Watson, D. A. Bowerman, D. C. Williams, J. M. Roney, M. K. Sullivan, E. Treadwell, T. Schalk, V. Miftakov, Y. P. Lau, Justin Albert, Paul Fraser Harrison, Mauro Morandin, M. Fritsch, S. S. Hertzbach, A. Lazzaro, D. Su, Sai-Juan Chen, T. Cuhadar-Donszelmann, M. G. Greene, A. D'Orazio, M. Chao, B. Spaan, S. Jayatilleke, Julie Malcles, V. Poireau, K. A. Ulmer, C. Hearty, A. M. Lutz, A. J.S. Smith, H. Briand, A. M. Eisner, Hui Li, M. A. Mazzoni, G. Wormser, C. Gatto, Y. Groysman, F. Blanc, C. Touramanis, Luca Lista, J. M. Thompson, M. Bruinsma, W. J. Wisniewski, A. Soha, L. Wilden, M. Piccolo, M. T. Allen, G. Lynch, E. A. Eckhart, C. Roat, A. J. Bevan, F. Muheim, James R. Wilson, M. G. Wilson, M. Steinke, D. J. Summers, M. Pripstein, A. W. Borgland, D. A. Roberts, F. E. Taylor, Sergio Grancagnolo, A. Petzold, G. Hamel de Monchenault, R. S. Panvini, P. M. Patel, T. Schroeder, M. C. Hodgkinson, G. Grosdidier, J. E. Sundermann, Markus Cristinziani, Stephen Robert Wagner, J.H. Panetta, Mohamed H. Ahmed, G. Batignani, N. Cavallo, L. Lanceri, E. Grauges-Pous, Stéphane Plaszczynski, D. S. Best, M. L. Kocian, T. Held, K. E. Ford, M. T. Graham, T. J. Harrison, J. W. Gary, G. Benelli, E. O. Olaiya, L. M. Mir, T. R. McMahon, T. Piatenko, W. D. Hulsbergen, M. V. Purohit, S. Yang, W. Dunwoodie, E. I. Rosenberg, C. T. Day, Brandon L. Hartfiel, M. C. Simani, Francesco Fabozzi, K. R. Schubert, G. Vasileiadis, R. J. Sobie, F. Anulli, A. Perazzo, C. Voena, L. Vitale, S. Passaggio, F. X. Yumiceva, M. Mandelkern, U. Langenegger, G. W. Brandenburg, H. Kagan, W. A. Wenzel, J. Va'vra, F. Martinez-Vidal, Dominik Müller, D. P. Stoker, Nicolas Berger, T. Glanzman, Matteo Rama, M. A. Saeed, N. R. Barlow, F. Palombo, B. Franek, M. Wittgen, Vivek Sharma, S. Dittongo, N. A. Roe, G. P. Dubois-Felsmann, R. C. Field, F. Salvatore, M. Carpinelli, Lydia Roos, G. Finocchiaro, V. Luth, G. Blaylock, M. Morganti, S. Prell, G. Eigen, F. Safai Tehrani, R. F. Schwitters, Q. K. Wong, J.J. Reidy, S. M. Spanier, D. B. MacFarlane, S. Playfer, James D. Olsen, C. P. O'Grady, R. R. Kofler, C. T. Potter, M. Krishnamurthy, A. V. Gritsan, Mario Giorgi, Jie Zhang, R. Claus, Akram Khan, James H Cochran, Matteo Negrini, J. G. Smith, R. S. Dubitzky, J. Stelzer, R. Godang, M. S. Alam, B. Lewandowski, A. Snyder, M. S. Gill, L. T. Kerth, M. A. Baak, M. Pioppi, D. E. Wagoner, A. Soffer, W. O. Ruddick, J. M. LoSecco, A. V. Telnov, H. M. Lacker, H. L. Lynch, S. Morganti, Sridhara Dasu, K. Koeneke, Gabriele Simi, Roberto Covarelli, R. W. Kadel, B. Cheng, V. E. Blinov, A. Palano, M. P. Kelly, B. T. Meadows, F. Gallo, G. Raven, C. L. Davis, J. I. 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Neal, H

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Photon, Annihilation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Branching fraction, Electron–positron annihilation, Detector, BABAR detector, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, HEP, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, BaBar, CP violation, 010306 general physics, Storage ring
Abstract

We perform a search for the exclusive radiative decay B0→γ, which is dominated by b̄d annihilation, in a sample of 124×106 BB̄ events collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- storage ring at SLAC. No significant signal is seen. We set an upper limit on the branching fraction of B(B0→γ)

Published
2016

50. Search for flavor-changing neutral current and lepton-flavor violating decays of D-0 -> l(+)l(-)

Author

B. C. Shen, Corrado Angelini, J. Ocariz, R. Bartoldus, N. A. Roe, Douglas Wright, O. L. Buchmueller, I. J. Forster, D. E. Hutchcroft, J. M. Bauer, C. Dallapiccola, V. P. Druzhinin, C. Bozzi, J. J. Hollar, H. R. Band, K. Honscheid, C. A. Chavez, Zongfu Yu, J. W. Gary, J. Va'vra, M. J. Charles, A. Buzzo, J. L. Ritchie, J. Chauveau, I. Kitayama, S. I. Serednyakov, R. J. Barlow, I. M. Peruzzi, D. J. Bard, W. S. Lockman, D. del Re, N. Chevalier, M. Posocco, J.J. Reidy, C. M. Cormack, R. Frey, H. K. Hadavand, Q. L. Zeng, L. Tantot, M. H. Kelsey, S. Ricciardi, Tetiana Hryn'ova, J. H. von Wimmersperg-Toeller, P. Grenier, T. Abe, R. S. Dubitzky, M. Bondioli, J. R. Johnson, A. V. Telnov, P. J. Clark, J. A. Nash, M. R. Convery, Bruce Schumm, P. Patteri, T. W. Beck, M. Lo Vetere, R. K. Mommsen, F. Bianchi, Maurizio Biasini, V. B. Golubev, J. M. LoSecco, G. Therin, G. Schott, E. Feltresi, D. D. Brown, A. Lu, Owen Rosser Long, A. Seiden, S. Willocq, G. Della Ricca, D. Thiessen, Y. B. Pan, R. Kowalewski, J. W. Berryhill, A. E. Rubin, I. Ofte, G. B. Mohanty, J. A. Ernst, M. Pivk, A. Zallo, Chunhui Chen, N. B. Sinev, M. Datta, S. Saremi, J. Brose, Wouter Verkerke, A. Calcaterra, A. J. Lyon, C. Hearty, Maurizio Pierini, J. J. Back, C. Thiebaux, M. Pelizaeus, H. Staengle, Julie Malcles, A. M. Eisner, A. J. Hart, G. W. London, K. Paick, F. Couderc, F. Colecchia, D. Monorchio, M. Carpinelli, D. Hufnagel, Hui Li, A. Dorigo, JunJie Wu, Lydia Roos, M. Morganti, R. Contri, H. L. Snoek, M. A. Mazur, R. J. Parry, C. Roat, Pierluigi Paolucci, F. Bellini, D. P. Stoker, D. J. Summers, O. Hamon, D. Dong, H. W. Zhao, G. Rong, Sergio Grancagnolo, A. Petzold, G. Hamel de Monchenault, L. Bosisio, M. Pripstein, P. D. Dauncey, G. J. Grenier, C. K. Lae, R. C. Field, E. Won, Andrei Gritsan, J. M. Roney, D. H. Wright, K. T. Flood, G. Rizzo, Yuehong Xie, Mirco Andreotti, V. Miftakov, P. A. Hart, C. Patrignani, R. Claus, Matteo Negrini, Eleonora Luppi, N. Danielson, F. Galeazzi, M. L. Perl, E. O. Olaiya, M. A. Saeed, Luca Lista, R. S. Panvini, Mauro Morandin, Y. P. Lau, K. K. Gan, J. Button-Shafer, W. D. Hulsbergen, N. R. Barlow, M. K. Sullivan, J. R. Gaillard, E. Treadwell, M. G. Greene, R. J. Sobie, A. W. Weidemann, S. J. Gowdy, A. Perazzo, C. Voena, V. Lillard, L. Vitale, C. De La Vaissiere, V. Lepeltier, A. J.S. Smith, F. Salvatore, C. M. Hawkes, F. Martinez-Vidal, G. Finocchiaro, Dominik Müller, A. J. Bevan, F. Muheim, Justin Albert, D. J.J. Mangeol, P. D. Jackson, R. L. Flack, F. Palombo, Vivek Sharma, M. Benayoun, M. V. Purohit, V. Luth, James D. Olsen, J. G. Smith, G. Vasileiadis, S. Jayatilleke, G. Kukartsev, V. N. Ivanchenko, N. D. Qi, Nicolas Berger, T. Schalk, B. Lewandowski, H. P. Paar, J. E. Brau, F. Blanc, W. A. Wenzel, H. J. Bulten, Sw. Banerjee, W. M. Bugg, D. Kovalskyi, M. A. Mazzoni, G. Wormser, J. Stelzer, Alberto Lusiani, M. B. Nikolich, M. G. Green, D. Bernard, Ajit Mohapatra, S. M. Spanier, A. Satpathy, Q. K. Wong, X. Giroux, M. Legendre, M. Wittgen, D. Lavin, P. C. Bloom, Stephane T'Jampens, P. J. Oddone, Maria Roberta Monge, A. Mihalyi, S. E. Morgan, Y. S. Zhu, M. S. Alam, M. Davier, A. Snyder, A. Roodman, R. Liu, A. N. Yushkov, A. Lazzaro, D. Su, S. Bettarini, N. De Groot, J. A. McKenna, B. Stugu, J. M. Dorfan, F. Simonetto, T. Pulliam, R. H. Schindler, F. Bucci, M. Dickopp, H. B. Crawley, C. Gatto, R. K. Yamamoto, B. T. Meadows, G. Raven, Fergus Wilson, M. A. Winter, M. Verderi, G. Sciolla, Alessio Sarti, W. Kozanecki, Colin Jessop, R. Prepost, R. Nogowski, E. Paoloni, P. Spradlin, Amir Farbin, A. A. Salnikov, C. D. Buchanan, W. Dunwoodie, C. H. Cheng, S. Petrak, Frank E. Taylor, J. R. Fry, Roland Waldi, F. Ferroni, D. A. Bowerman, F. Brochard, M. Fritsch, S. S. Hertzbach, Y. Groysman, L. Wilden, A. Gaidot, M. T. Ronan, W. Roethel, M. C. Hodgkinson, E. I. Rosenberg, Brandon L. Hartfiel, M. C. Simani, F. Anulli, A. T. Watson, S. Dittongo, T. B. Moore, Shanhui Fan, J. Schwiening, V. Tisserand, Liliana Teodorescu, X. C. Lou, J. J. Walsh, A. M. Rahimi, J. I. Yi, M. D. Sokoloff, C. M. Brown, M. Saleem, T. Hadig, G. Crosetti, Enrico Robutti, U. Mallik, Paul Fraser Harrison, S. Christ, J. P. Lees, A. Olivas, D. N. Brown, B. Franek, R. Kroeger, M. L. Kocian, M. G. Wilson, A. Soha, A. J. Edwards, C. Cartaro, G. P. Gopal, T. Cuhadar-Donszelmann, C. Touramanis, L. Piemontese, S. H. Robertson, S. Emery, N. S. Knecht, Paul Kyberd, R. de Sangro, S. L. Wu, M. Weaver, M. Pioppi, G. S. Abrams, D. Boutigny, G. P. Dubois-Felsmann, R. Baldini-Ferroli, D. A. Roberts, G. Grosdidier, P. Poropat, P. M. Patel, I. Narsky, Ralph Müller-Pfefferkorn, M. Piccolo, B. Cheng, V. E. Blinov, E. Gabathuler, C. T. Day, S. Brunet, Stephen Robert Wagner, J.H. Panetta, W. Bhimji, D. Kirkby, G. Vasseur, T. Held, K. E. Ford, G. D. Lafferty, Marcello Rotondo, H. U. Flaecher, A. Zghiche, F. C. Porter, S. Luitz, Hyun-Chul Kim, R. J. Wilson, F. Di Lodovico, W. H. Toki, L. M. Cremaldi, Bernard Aubert, A. M. Lutz, M. T. Graham, G. Batignani, R. R. Kofler, M. Krishnamurthy, K. R. Schubert, D. E. Wagoner, A. Hauke, D. C. Williams, R. Godang, V. Lombardo, S. Otto, J. W. Lamsa, D. J. Payne, H. Kagan, H. M. Lacker, M. Chao, D. S. Best, H. L. Lynch, U. Nauenberg, Gabriele Simi, C. L. Davis, A. Pompili, G. R. Bonneaud, Matteo Rama, M. Zito, T. R. McMahon, D. W. G. S. Leith, T. Piatenko, W. N. Cottingham, M. P. Kelly, M. Barrett, S. Prell, A. Samuel, R. Gamet, T. Glanzman, A. M. Boyarski, R. F. Schwitters, M. Mandelkern, U. Egede, Jie Zhang, James H Cochran, D. M. Strom, R. N. Cahn, R. Barate, S. Playfer, C. P. O'Grady, K. S. Chaisanguanthum, Silvano Tosi, D. G. Hitlin, P. Rankin, B. Spaan, M. Haire, J. C. Williams, D. B. MacFarlane, A. Soffer, Akram Khan, H. Briand, M. A. Baak, E. Charles, Fabio Cossutti, G. Calderini, P. Wang, C. T. Potter, Mario Giorgi, S. Ye, S. Morganti, T. C. Petersen, R. Ter-Antonyan, R. Aleksan, F. Gallo, B. Dahmes, D. Bettoni, R. Capra, L. Lanceri, Stéphane Plaszczynski, Sridhara Dasu, C. Yeche, A. B. Breon, Nicola Neri, G. Eigen, J. T. Boyd, J. Libby, G. W. Brandenburg, A. W. Borgland, Joseph Izen, B. N. Ratcliff, A. J.R. Weinstein, P. S. Jackson, V. G. Shelkov, H. Koch, R. Schwierz, K. Wang, Walter R. Innes, G. W. Morton, Y. I. Skovpen, E. J. Hill, I. Eschrich, P. E. Kutter, P. K. Behera, T. Allmendinger, R. Messner, T. J. Harrison, Ph Leruste, T. I. Meyer, A. E. Blinov, H. Nicholson, C. C. Young, T. J. Orimoto, W. T. Meyer, Claudio Campagnari, V. Eschenburg, P. Taras, F. Forti, T. S. Mattison, D. A. Sanders, P. Tan, M. H. Schune, G. P. Taylor, C. Hast, D. J. Lange, G. Piredda, A. Dvoretskii, M. Morii, D. D. Altenburg, M. Gaspero, G. Nesom, F. R. Wappler, Patricia R. Burchat, B. Mayer, A. K. Yarritu, Martino Margoni, Sh. Rahatlou, J. P. Coleman, G. Tiozzo, L. Del Buono, F. Sandrelli, R. Eckmann, M. J.J. John, G. Mancinelli, T. Brandt, R. Stroili, H. A. Neal, G. De Nardo, L. M. Mir, C. Lu, D. Judd, S. Yang, K. Goetzen, Francesco Fabozzi, J. L. Harton, G. Lynch, E. Torrence, A. Ryd, P. David, E. P. Solodov, Pierre-Francois Giraud, A. Santroni, Virginia Azzolini, L. Li Gioi, John Allison, A. Hicheur, Nicola Cavallo, Olga Igonkina, P.F. Manfredi, W. T. Ford, Tim Adye, R. D. Kass, J. Schubert, Davide Piccolo, Valerio Re, Markus Cristinziani, V. E. Ozcan, F. X. Yumiceva, G. Blaylock, Yu G. Kolomensky, James R. Wilson, D. Côté, C. A. Heusch, M. Steinke, Andrew Lankford, S. Bailey, E. A. Kravchenko, H. Marsiske, C. Voci, S. F. Ganzhur, Te Latham, U. Langenegger, Crisostomo Sciacca, D. Aston, J. C. Chen, N. I. Geddes, J. M. Gaillard, Sai-Juan Chen, Peter Elmer, G. Wagner, F. Safai Tehrani, M. Bruinsma, W. J. Wisniewski, A. M. Eichenbaum, J. E. Sundermann, Lijun Zhang, S. Passaggio, M. M. Macri, S. J. Sekula, A. Jawahery, Sandrine Laplace, S. D. Foulkes, G. Cibinetto, R. J. Sloane, A. P. Onuchin, A. Chen, B. A. Petersen, C. L. Brown, M. S. Gill, E. E. Elsen, Roberto Covarelli, R. W. Kadel, A. Palano, J. Kroseberg, G. Cavoto, G. Vuagnin, P. Kim, Y. Karyotakis, R. Cowan, R. G. Jacobsen, V. B. Koptchev, A. Hocker, S. Ahmed, D. Gamba, S. Schrenk, E. Chen, Q. H. Guo, D. Dujmic, G. Marchiori, V. Halyo, L. Gladney, R. Faccini, J. A. Kadyk, F. Ferrarotto, F. Le Diberder, Marcella Bona, J. D. Richman, D. Fortin, L. T. Kerth, G. A. Cowan, Roberto Calabrese, Computer Systems, Geometry, (Astro)-Particles Physics, Aubert, B, Barate, R., Boutigny, D., Couderc, F., Gaillard, J.-M., Hicheur, A., Karyotakis, Y., Lees, J.P., Tisserand, V., Zghiche, A., Palano, A., Pompili, A., Chen, J.C., Qi, N.D., Rong, G., Wang, P., Zhu, Y.S., Eigen, G., Ofte, I., Stugu, B., Abrams, G.S., Borgland, Aw., Breon, A.B., Brown, D.N., Button-Shafer, J., Cahn, R.N., Charles, E., Day, C.T., Gill, M.S., Gritsan, A.V., Groysman, Y., Jacobsen, R.G., Kadel, R.W., Kadyk, J., Kerth, L.T., Kolomensky, Y.G., Kukartsev, G., Lynch, G., Mir, L.M., Oddone, P.J., Orimoto, T.J., Pripstein, M., Roe, N.A., Ronan, M.T., Shelkov, V.G., Wenzel, W.A., Barrett, M., Ford, K.E., Harrison, T.J., Hart, A.J., Hawkes, C.M., Morgan, S.E., Watson, A.T., Fritsch, M., Goetzen, K., Held, T., Koch, H., Lewandowski, B., Pelizaeus, M., Steinke, M., Boyd, J.T., Chevalier, N., Cottingham, W.N., Kelly, M.P., Latham, T.E., Wilson, F.F., Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T., Hearty, C., Knecht, N.S., Mattison, T.S., Mckenna, J.A., Thiessen, D., Khan, A., Kyberd, P., Teodorescu, L., Blinov, A.E., Blinov, V.E., Druzhinin, V.P., Golubev, V.B., Ivanchenko, V.N., Kravchenko, E.A., Onuchin, A.P., Serednyakov, S.I., Skovpen, Y.I., Solodov, E.P., Yushkov, A.N., Best, D., Bruinsma, M., Chao, M., Eschrich, I., Kirkby, D., Lankford, A.J., Mandelkern, M., Mommsen, R.K., Roethel, W., Stoker, D.P., Buchanan, C., Hartfiel, B.L., Foulkes, S.D., Gary, J.W., Shen, B.C., Wang, K., del Re, D., Hadavand, H.K., Hill, E.J., Macfarlane, D.B., Paar, H.P., Rahatlou, S., Sharma, V., Berryhill, J.W., Campagnari, C., Dahmes, B., Long, O., Lu, A., Mazur, M.A., Richman, J.D., Verkerke, W., Beck, T.W., Eisner, A.M., Heusch, C.A., Kroseberg, J., Lockman, W.S., Nesom, G., Schalk, T., Schumm, B.A., Seiden, A., Spradlin, P., Williams, D.C., Wilson, M.G., Albert, J., Chen, E., Dubois-Felsmann, G.P., Dvoretskii, A., Hitlin, D.G., Narsky, I., Piatenko, T., Porter, F.C., Ryd, A., Samuel, A., Yang, S., Jayatilleke, 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Subjects
Optimization, Particle physics, Lepton-flavor violating (LFV), Electron–positron annihilation, BABAR, Charged particle, General Physics and Astronomy, Standard model (SM), Lambda baryon, 01 natural sciences, PARTICLE PHYSICS, PEP2, High Energy Physics - Experiment, NO, Nuclear physics, Silicon microstrip detector, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, DETECTOR, SLAC, Flavor, Probability, Physics, Neutral current, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Energy dissipation, Flavor-changing neutral current, Colliding beam accelerator, Microstrip device, HEP, Flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC), Drift chamber, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle detector, Lepton
Abstract

We report on a search for the flavor-changing neutral current decays $\Dz\to e^+e^-$ and $\Dz\to\mu^+\mu^-$, and the lepton-flavor violating decay $\Dz\to e^\pm\mu^\mp$. The measurement is based on $122 {fb}^{-1}$ of data collected by the \babar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric $e^+e^-$ collider. No evidence is found for any of the decays. The upper limits on the branching fractions, at the 90 % confidence level, are $1.2\times 10^{-6}$ for $\Dz\to e^+e^-$, $1.3\times 10^{-6}$ for $\Dz\to\mu^+\mu^-$, and $8.1\times 10^{-7}$ for $\Dz\to e^\pm\mu^\mp$., Comment: Minor changes of the text and reference for the publication

Published
2016

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