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SummaryWerneria Kunth (Compositae: Senecioneae: Senecioninae) was effectively lectotypified by Rockhausen based on Werneria rigida. Two later lectotypifications have apparently been made, firstly (presumably by Cabrera) W. graminifolia and secondly (presumably by Funk) W. nubigena, yet the Index Nominum Genericorum website has no type stated. In removing W. rigida to the then newly recognised Xenophylllum, Funk moved Rockhausen’s type thereby creating a superfluous generic synonym. All species that Funk recognised in Xenophyllum are thus wernerias in the nomenclatural sense. Two species of Xenophyllum described since Funk’s revision are transferred to Werneria: X. funkianum and X. lorochaqui. The remainder of the species of Werneria are here placed in the new genus Rockhausenia (Compositae: Senecioneae: Senecioninae), a generitype is selected, and the corresponding 27 combinations are made at species level; the relevant subgeneric and sectional combinations are also made with two subgenera recognised, one with three sections. The confusion surrounding the generic name Oresigonia is commented on. A nomenclator of all relevant names in Rockhausenia, Werneria and Xenophyllum, is provided.

SummaryA new combination, Conocliniopsis grossedentata, in Conocliniopsis R.M.King & H.Rob. (Compositae: Eupatorieae: Gyptidinae) is provided. An earlier assessment of Prince Maximilian Wied-Neuwied’s collections (sent by Martius to Colla), proposed that Colla’s Eupatorium grossedentatum was a new synonym of Lourteigia ballotifolia (Kunth) R.M.King & H.Rob., a Colombian endemic. A critical assessment of Wied’s collection has indicated that the material, collected in Brazil near the Bahian coast, on the banks of the Rio Belmonte (= Rio Jequitinhonha), is conspecific with the plant more usually known as Conocliniopsis prasiifolia (DC.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Colla’s name pre-dates that of de Candolle’s Conoclinium prasiifolium, the basionym of Conocliniopsis prasiifolia; a new combination is necessary. A full synonymy of Conocliniopsis grossedentata is provided, types indicated, and other issues discussed.

SummaryThe recently described Werneria praetermissa (Compositae: Senecioneae: Senecioninae) from northwestern Argentina (Jujuy, Salta) and southern Bolivia (Tarija) is transferred to Rockhausenia.

SummaryA synopsis of Plagiocheilus (Compositae: Astereae) is provided, giving full synonymy, type citations and the location of known types, together with relevant notes and commentary, and the currently accepted distribution of each taxon; the distribution of taxa is also tabulated. Six species are recognised, one containing three subspecies. A key to species is presented. One author citation is corrected following an incorrect assumption by de Candolle when describing Plagiocheilus tanacetoides. The synonymy of Polygyne inconspicua, under Eclipta prostrata, is précised once again. An index to names associated with Plagiocheilus is given, and the nomen nudum of Plagiocheilus herzogii commented upon.

SummaryPorophyllum woodii (Compositae: Heliantheae: Pectidinae), a new species from Prov. Burnet O’Connor, Departamento de Tarija, Bolivia, is described and illustrated. This new species is distinctive in that it is apparently the largest shrubby species in South America, with flowering plants up to 1.5 m tall, possessing alternate, long-linear, spreading to recurved leaves, solitary terminal capitula with phyllaries with two more-or-less even rows of linear glands, and about 40 – 45 florets per capitulum.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T17:39:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-08-05 Royal Society International Exchanges Carlsberg Foundation Danish Research Council National Natural Science Foundation of China Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) US National Science Foundation National Parks Board, Singapore Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Synthesys Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Edinburgh Botanic Garden (Sibbald) Trust M. L. MacIntyre Begonia Trust Scottish Government's Rural and Environmental Science and Analytical Services Division New Guinea is the world's largest tropical island and has fascinated naturalists for centuries(1,2). Home to some of the best-preserved ecosystems on the planet(3)and to intact ecological gradients-from mangroves to tropical alpine grasslands-that are unmatched in the Asia-Pacific region(4,5), it is a globally recognized centre of biological and cultural diversity(6,7). So far, however, there has been no attempt to critically catalogue the entire vascular plant diversity of New Guinea. Here we present the first, to our knowledge, expert-verified checklist of the vascular plants of mainland New Guinea and surrounding islands. Our publicly available checklist includes 13,634 species (68% endemic), 1,742 genera and 264 families-suggesting that New Guinea is the most floristically diverse island in the world. Expert knowledge is essential for building checklists in the digital era: reliance on online taxonomic resources alone would have inflated species counts by 22%. Species discovery shows no sign of levelling off, and we discuss steps to accelerate botanical research in the 'Last Unknown'(8). A catalogue of the vascular flora of New Guinea indicates that this island is the most floristically diverse in the world, and that 68% of the species identified are endemic to New Guinea. Royal Bot Gardens, London, England Nat Biodivers Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands Univ Michigan Herbarium, Ann Arbor, MI USA Univ Gottingen, Dept Systemat Biodivers & Evolut Plants, Albrecht von Haller Inst Plant Sci, Gottingen, Germany Royal Bot Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Aarhus, Denmark Univ Vermont, Dept Plant Biol, Pringle Herbarium, Burlington, VT USA Boise State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA Conservatoire & Jardin Bot Ville Geneve, Chambesy, Switzerland Univ Sydney, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia Natl Museum Nat & Sci, Dept Bot, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA New Guinea Binatang Res Ctr, Madang, Papua N Guinea Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reg & Chinese Acad Sci, Guangxi Key Lab Plant Conservat & Restorat Ecol K, Guangxi Inst Bot, Guilin, Peoples R China Papua New Guinea Univ Technol, Lae, Papua N Guinea Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Tres Lagoas Campus, Tres Lagoas, Brazil Royal Bot Garden Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ Papua, Fak Kehutanan, Manokwari, Indonesia Baden Penelitian & Pengembangan Daerah Prov Papua, Manokwari, Indonesia Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO USA Papua New Guinea Forest Res Inst, Lae, Papua N Guinea Natl Bot Gardens Ireland, Glasnevin, Ireland Univ Zurich, Dept Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Zurich, Switzerland Forest Res Inst Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London, England Univ Bonn, Nees Inst Biodivers Plants, Bonn, Germany Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol, Herbarium, Halle, Germany Natl Pk Board, Nat Plants Ctr, Singapore, Singapore Natl Pk Board, Singapore Bot Gardens, Singapore, Singapore Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland Univ Philippines Manila, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Biol, Manila, Philippines Kyoto Univ, Kyoto Univ Museum, Kyoto, Japan Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Rio Claro, Brazil Royal Bot Gardens Victoria, South Yarra, Vic, Australia Univ Melbourne, Sch BioSci, Parkville, Vic, Australia Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford, England Queens Univ Belfast, Marine Lab, Portaferry, North Ireland Fern Res Fdn, Kerikeri, New Zealand Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC USA Museum New Zealand Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand Western Michigan Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Vegetal, Vicosa, MG, Brazil Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Nat Sci, Dept Bot, Dublin, Ireland Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL USA CSIRO Land & Water, Floreat, WA, Australia Univ Western Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Crawley, WA, Australia Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Minnesota, Bell Museum, St Paul, MN 55108 USA Univ Glasgow, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Chengdu, Peoples R China Leiden Univ, Inst Biol Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, Zurich, Switzerland Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Rio Claro, Brazil Royal Society International Exchanges: IE 170241 National Natural Science Foundation of China: 31570307 CNPq: 153430/2018-4 US National Science Foundation: DEB-1457366 US National Science Foundation: DEB-1754667 US National Science Foundation: DEB-0515678 US National Science Foundation: DEB-0816749 US National Science Foundation: DEB-0841885 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: LE 1826/3-1 Synthesys: GB-TAF-6305 FAPESP: 2015/13112-7 FAPESP: 2018/09379-6

The taxonomic concepts and nomenclatural issues surrounding a group of taxa, often placed into ‘Rhaponticum Vaill.’ sensu auct. mult., are discussed. Taxonomically, taxa belonging to Acroptilon, Leuzea, Stemmacantha and ‘Rhaponticum Vaill.’, are now considered congeneric. ‘Rhaponticum Vaill.’ is not considered a validly published generic name and taxa are now recognised under the generic name Leuzea, which has priority. The taxonomic position of Acroptilon repens (Compositae: Cardueae: Centaureinae), the only representative of the genus in Iraq, has been reviewed and a new combination in Leuzea is provided, together with an exhaustive synonymy of the taxon concerned.

Work towards the Compositae for a checklist of the flowering plants of Guinea has shown that Melanthera elegans C.D.Adams belongs in Aspilia Thouars. An earlier ‘combination’ in the literature was not validly published, the authors also unaware of an earlier combination under the name Aspilia elegans. A new name, Aspilia lisowskiana, is provided for the Guinean species.

Work towards the Compositae records for a checklist of the flora of Guinea (Conakry) provided some contentious records. Although ‘Bothriocline fruticosa (C.D.Adams) Lisowski’ appeared in Lisowski’s posthumous Flora account of the Asteraceae (= Compositae), no such combination has ever been validly published. Based on Erlangea fruticosa, material of this taxon has been curated (following the most recent revision of the East African species) for the last thirty years under the A – Z species of Bothriocline. It is clear that this material belongs in Bothriocline; the formal transfer is now made.

During the course of a recent research project on Adenocaulon and Eriachaenium it became apparent that some of the species names had not been typified. In this study we located and designated as much type material as possible for these two genera. We indicate holotypes or lectotypes where appropriate, including one for the type of the genus Adenocaulon.

The identity of Cosmos herzogii (Compositae: Heliantheae: Coreopsidinae), from the Department of Santa Cruz, eastern Bolivia, is discussed. Field observations of critical characters of the rootstock, anther filaments and achenes, of plants identified as Cosmos herzogii, indicated that the material does not belong to Cosmos but rather to Bidens; the relevant combination is made, an English description and a black and white illustration are provided.

A new species of Ichthyothere, I. woodii (Compositae: Heliantheae: Milleriinae) is described and illustrated from the cerrados of the Department of Santa Cruz, eastern Bolivia. The distribution of Bolivian and Brazilian species is tabulated, and the large number of species in cerrado and campos rupestres vegetation commented on.

A new purple-flowered discoid Calea (Compositae: Heliantheae: Neurolaeninae), Calea woodii (Calea sect. Meyeria (DC.) Benth. & Hook. f.), is described and illustrated from the Serrania de Cochis and the Serrania de Santa Barbara, Chiquitos, Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. The relationship of this species is discussed and a key to the purple-flowered species of Calea sect. Meyeria is provided. The Brazilian C. purpurea G. M. Barroso, is lectotypified together with the Bidens edentula G. M. Barroso, C. nervosa G. M. Barroso, and Ichthyothere pruinosa G. M. Barroso (= I. connata S. F. Blake).

A new species of Sciadocephala (Compositae: Eupatorieae: Adenostemmatinae), S. gracieliae, is described and illustrated from Mato Grosso State, Brazil — the first record of the genus for the country. Distinctions of the new species are discussed and the corolla colour is confirmed as green, an unusual colour in the Eupatorieae. A synopsis and key to the six species now recognised in Sciadocephala and a distribution map for the species are also provided.

Nassauvia falklandica (Compositae: Mutisieae: Nassauviinae), a new endemic herbaceous sub-shrub from the Falkland Islands, is described, illustrated and its conservation status assessed. N. falklandica is unique within the genus in possessing a row of pits towards the apex of the abaxial surface of its leaves; stomata and stiff white hairs are confined to these pits. This adaptation most likely reduces water loss in the sparsely vegetated feldmark habitats exposed to strong and drying winds in which it occurs. Its apparent restricted habitat preference contrasts in particular to the wide distribution of one of the other two Falkland endemic Nassauvia species, N. gaudichaudii. N. falklandica has an estimated world population of fewer than 250 mature individuals and is currently only known from two sites on West Falkland c. 34 km apart. Both sites are located on hill summits between 400 and 500 m altitude. The subpopulations are severely fragmented and at risk from genetic erosion, damage by livestock and stochastic events. N. falklandica is assessed as Critically Endangered B1ab(iii), B2ab(iii).

The pantropic weed known as Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. (Compositae: Heliantheae: Ecliptinae) is based on Verbesina nodiflora L. Previous type citations of the Linnaean name are in error since the material cited was not acquired by Linnaeus until three years after he published the name in Centuria I. Plantarum. The name is now lectotypified based upon the illustration of Bidens nodiflora, folio tetrahit in Dillenius’s Hortus Elthamensis. A discussion of the original material available is provided and why some was discounted as suitable lectotype material.

Podocoma is a southern South American genus of perennial herbs with short-radiate capitula with two- to four-seriate ray florets and a two- to three-seriate pappus of scabridulous setae. The ray florets have corollas with narrow limbs. The rostrate cypsela of Podocoma is one of the most distinct features of the genus. Podocoma, with many of the endemic southern South American genera of Astereae, is included in subtribe Podocominae. Podocoma traditionally contained seven mainly Brazilian species (P. asperrima, P. bellidifolia, P. blanchetiana, P. hieracifolia, P. hirsuta, P. regnellii and P. spegazzinii), and its expansion to include two species of Conyza (C. notobellidiastrum and C. rivularis) was, perhaps, the most significant recent change in the generic concept of Podocoma. However, recent molecular- and morphology-based phylogenetic analyses do not support the inclusion of these two species in Podocoma. Morphological and anatomical studies were carried out in order to clarify the taxonomy of Podocoma and to delimit the genus and its species. On the basis of the results of these morphological and anatomical studies, and those from molecular- and morphology-based phylogenetic analyses, P. notobellidiastrum and P. rivularis are excluded from Podocoma and transferred to a new genus that is currently under description. Moreover, P. regnellii and P. asperrima are placed in synonymy with P. hirsuta and P. spegazzinii, respectively. Three species, P. bellidifolia, P. blanchetiana and P. hieracifolia, are recognized here as a complex of closely related species from a morphological point of view; however, they are treated separately. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 163, 486–513.

Work on the Global Compositae Checklist has highlighted uncertainties and errors in the nomenclatural parameters of many genera and subgenera described by Henri Cassini. Problems concern rank (subgenus vs. genus); type designation; correct place of valid publication; alternative names; and other miscellaneous issues. An annotated list with correct nomenclatural information for 391 generic names or designations is provided, including types (newly designated here for 17 names) and one new combination (Gyptis tanacetifolia). The current taxonomic disposition of Cassini's genera and the accepted names for the listed typonyms are consistently mentioned. The familiar names Felicia and Chrysopsis, already conserved, are threatened by unlisted earlier synonyms, and currently used Fulcaldea turns out to be illegitimate. Proposals to deal with these problems by conservation are being presented separately

Attempts to identify a modern collection of Chromolaena (Wood et al. 19515) proved problematic, especially when comparison of type material in K, against images of types in NY, was carried out. Examination of the type material of Eupatorium bangii Rusby (= Chromolaena bangii (Rusby) R. M. King & H. Rob.) has shown that the protologue is effectively a combination of characters based on the two syntypes that are shown not to be conspecific. In order to anchor the name, E. bangii is lectotypified based on a specified portion of the Bang 1133 syntype in NY. The Bridges s.n. syntype collection, in K, is a similar, yet distinctive, species. The Bridges collection has been shown to be conspecific with the d’Orbigny type material of E. phyllocephalum Klatt. A new combination in Chromolaena is provided and the type material evaluated. Illustrations of both taxa are provided, as are the relevant lectotypes, together with English descriptions. The importance of the Klatt Compositae material in GH is discussed and reassessed.

Recent fieldwork and collections have added a new genus to the Compositae flora of Bahia State, Brazil. Gorceixia decurrens is newly recorded for the State from Caatinga woodland along the lower part of the Estrada Real, in the municipality of Rio de Contas. A full description is provided, its distribution and conservation status discussed; likely affinities in the Vernonieae are discussed with the conclusion that it belongs to the subtribe Piptocarphinae.

The identity of Eupatorium porophylloides is clarified, and the new combination Praxelis porophylloides (Compositae: Eupatorieae: Praxeliinae) provided.

Emiliella luwiikae (Compositae: Senecioneae: Senecioninae), from northwestern Zambia, is described and illustrated; it is compared with E. drummondii. Seven species, one with two varieties, are now recognised in the genus; four species are now recorded from the Flora Zambesiaca area. A key and a table of distribution of all the taxa are provided. The presence of a single collection of Emiliella exigua from northwestern Zambia extends the range of this diminutive species and shows some variation in leaf size between the protologue and material from Congo (Kinshasa); this species is illustrated for the first time.

Stomatanthes tundavalaensis (Compositae: Eupatorieae: Eupatoriinae), a new species from the Tundavala portion of the Lubango Escarpment, Angola, is described and illustrated. It is compared with the narrow Ethiopian endemic S. meyeri. A synopsis of the four African species of Stomatanthes now recognised is provided indicating full synonymy, citation of types and their known location, together with relevant comments and an indication of their geographical distribution. Criscianthus is synonymised with Stomatanthes, and C. zambiensis with S. zambiensis. A key to the African species is provided.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Information regarding the beneficial use of native Brazilian plants was compiled by a number of European naturalists in the 19th century. The Scottish surgeon botanist George Gardner (1812–1849) was one such naturalist; however, the useful plants recorded in his manuscripts have not yet been studied in depth. Aim of the study To present data recorded by Gardner in his manuscript Catalogue of Brazilian Plants regarding the use of native plants by Brazilian people and evaluate the extent to which they have been explored. Materials and methods Data on useful plants were obtained from Gardner׳s manuscript Catalogue of Brazilian Plants deposited in the Archives of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. The identification of each plant was determined and/or updated by consulting the preserved botanical collections of Gardner deposited in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (hereafter K), and expert determinations in other herbaria where duplicates are held. Correlated pharmacological studies for each plant were obtained from the PubMed database. Information recorded in Gardner׳s diary and previously published elsewhere complemented these data. Results A total of 63 useful plants was recorded from the Catalogue and a further 30 from Gardner׳s book Travels in the Interior of Brazil ( Gardner, 1846 ). Of the recorded names in the Catalogue, 46 (73%) could be identified to species by consulting specimens collected by Gardner and held at Kew. Thirty-six different traditional uses were registered for the identified plants, the most common being as febrifuges, to treat venereal complaints and as purgatives. Fewer than 50% of these species have been the focus of published pharmacological studies, yet for those which have been thus investigated, the efficacies reported by Gardner were confirmed. Conclusion The data recorded by Gardner represent a rich, relatively unexplored source of information regarding the traditional uses of Brazilian plants which merits further investigation.

A synopsis of Lipotriche R. Br. (Compositae: Heliantheae: Ecliptinae) is provided, giving full synonymy, type citations and the location of known types, together with relevant notes and commentary, and the known distribution of each taxon. Twelve species are recognised, including five infraspecific taxa (including the relevant autonyms); ten new combinations are proposed in the genus, eight at specific level (Lipotriche elliptica, felicis, marlothiana, rhombifolia, richardsiae, robinsonii, scaberrima, tithonioides) and two at the subspecific level (Lipotriche pungens subsp. caudata, scandens subsp. madagascariensis), a number of which will be used in the forthcoming Flora Zambesiaca account of the genus. Second-step lectotypification of the name Wuerschmittia abyssinica Sch. Bip. ex Walp. is made. Melanthera angustifolia Gilli, a later homonym, is placed in the synonymy of Lipotriche scandens subsp. madagascariensis together with names based on M. scandens subsp. subsimplicifolia. The fate of one unpublished name in Part IV of Burtt Davy’s A manual of the flowering plants and ferns of the Transvaal is discussed. Several historical errors are highlighted and corrected, and an index to names provided. Two of Vellozo’s names in Buphthalmum are also added to the synonymy of the widespread Tilesia baccata.

Summary. A new, dwarf perennial species of Pectis (Compositae: Heliantheae: Pectidinae), Pectis harryi, is described and illustrated from the Departamento de Santa Cruz, eastern Bolivia. The new species adds to the increasingly recognised richness of the rock platforms and low granite shield inselbergs (lajas) of the provinces of Nuflo de Chavez and Velasco. The species has had its Conservation Status recorded as CR (Critically Endangered), although the species may already be extinct in the type locality. The species appears relatively isolated within the genus in its dwarf suffruticose habit, solitary, relatively long-pedicellate small capitula and achenes possessing relatively few, barbellate setae; three types of setulae apices are recorded on the achenes. A short key to the species now known from Bolivia is provided. Comparison is made with other perennial species from Brazil and Colombia. Additional problems with Glaziou’s collection localities are highlighted.

Summary. A new endemic species of Olearia, O. dibrachiata (Compositae: Astereae: Hinterhuberinae), from Papua (Indonesia), is described and illustrated. It is compared with the other New Guinean species possessing malpighiaceous ‘T’-shaped hairs.

Summary. A synopsis of Calostephane (Compositae: Inuleae), together with a generic description, a key to the five species, protologue type citations of all relevant names, an indication of the distribution of their types, the species’ known geographical distribution (alphabetically), and an index to names is provided. Lectotypes are selected for Calostephane divaricata, Mollera angolensis and M. madagascariensis.

Summary. A closer examination of relevant protologues and herbarium material has shown that the recently described Amblysperma minor Keighery is conspecific with A. spathulata (A. Cunn. ex DC.) D. J. N. Hind. Amblysperma scapigera Benth. is removed from synonymy of A. spathulata and is once more recognised as a separate species. A synopsis of the genus Amblysperma is provided together with a generic description and a key to the two species recognised.

Summary. A new species of Ichthyothere (Compositae: Heliantheae: Milleriinae), I. sasakiae, is described and illustrated from the campo rupestre da Amazonia on the Serra do Rochedo, Municipio de Mundo Novo, northern Mato Grosso State, Brazil.

Mikania manomoi (Compositae: Eupatorieae: Mikaniinae), a new species from the Cerro Manomo, Departamento de Santa Cruz, eastern Bolivia, is described and illustrated, and the unique habitat that it is found in is discussed. Many climbing/lianous species exhibit a dimorphous leaf shape as found in this species, but it is unique amongst mikanias in that its achenes are epappose, and equally rare in its shrubby, cliff-dwelling habit, the only such species known from Bolivia.

A synopsis of Hypericophyllum (Compositae: Heliantheae) is presented. A new section is described, together with three new combinations; a total of ten species are recognised, and the synonymy of two expanded. The name H. compositarum is lectotypified and an epitype designated. The position of H. altissimum is discussed. One or two obvious historical errors are highlighted and corrected, and an index to names provided. The fate of Klatt’s Jaumea alternifolia is revealed and is proposed as another synonym of Palafoxia linearis.

A new combination is provided in Inulanthera (I. brownii) to validate a combination proposed by Kallersjo in her assessment of the delimitation of Athanasia.

A new combination is provided in Vernonia (Compositae: Vernoniae), V. longicuspis (Dematt.) D. J. N. Hind, based on Lessingianthus longicuspis Dematt., recently described from Bolivia (Santa Cruz) and Brazil (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul).

New combinations are provided for nine taxa in the Bolivian Compositae — four in Dendrophorbium (Senecioneae), four in Vernonia (Vernonieae) and one in Viguiera (Heliantheae) — in advance of an on-line publication of a ‘Preliminary checklist of the Compositae of Bolivia’.

Revisionary study of the South American species of Calea L. (Compositae: Heliantheae) by the first author and floristic study of Compositae in Grao Mogol, Minas Gerais, Brazil by the second author has lead to the recognition of two new species of Calea section Meyeria (DC.) Benth. Both are endemic to the neighbourhood of Serra do Grfio Mogol, Minas Gerais, Brazil, an area known for its high endemicity. An introduction to this region and a discussion of several other endemic Compositae is found in Hind (1994).

During the preparation of the treatment for the genus Verbesina Linnaeus (1753: 901) for the Flora iberica (Castroviejo 1986–2015) and work towards a preliminary checklist of the Compositae of Bolivia (Hind 2011), the typification of Verbesina encelioides (Cavanilles 1793: 60) Gray (1876: 350) was reviewed. It is a species with a native distribution apparently along the Gulf coast plains of Texas and Mexico, where it grows on disturbed soils, field margins, roadsides and cultivated areas. Nowadays, V. encelioides is widely distributed as a pantropic weed, behaves as a naturalised plant especially in temperate regions, as well as sometimes cultivated as a half-hardy annual (Hind 2011). This work was supported by the Flora iberica Project (CGL2011-28613-C03-C1, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain) and the BEST/2014/264 grant (Generalitat Valenciana, Spain).