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3. Optical and mechanical properties of ion-beam-sputtered Nb2O5 and TiO2−Nb2O5 thin films for gravitational-wave interferometers and an improved measurement of coating thermal noise in Advanced LIGO

Author

Maurizio Canepa, Matthew Evans, M. Granata, Gianpietro Cagnoli, A. Di Michele, Slawomir Gras, Jerome Degallaix, A. Amato, Nicholas Demos, Laurent Pinard, B. Sassolas, D. Forest, and C. Michel

Subjects
Physics, Ion beam, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Gravitational wave, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, LIGO, Interferometry, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, engineering, Astronomical interferometer, Optoelectronics, Thin film, 010306 general physics, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Abstract

Brownian thermal noise associated with highly-reflective mirror coatings is a fundamental limit for several precision experiments, including gravitational-wave detectors. Recently, there has been a worldwide effort to find mirror coatings with improved thermal noise properties that also fulfill strict optical requirements such as low absorption and scatter. We report on the optical and mechanical properties of ion-beam-sputtered niobia and titania-niobia thin films, and we discuss application of such coatings in current and future gravitational-wave detectors. We also report an updated direct coating thermal noise measurement of the HR coatings used in Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo.

Published
2021
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4. Exploration of co-sputtered Ta2O5-ZrO2thin films for gravitational-wave detectors

Author

I. W. Martin, G. Billingsley, Gianpietro Cagnoli, M. Irving, E. K. Gustafson, S. V. Angelova, B. Maynard, Stuart Reid, Lili Yang, A. Di Michele, Kiran Prasai, S. C. Tait, B. Sassolas, C. Levesque, Riccardo Bassiri, M Coulon, R. Birney, M. Granata, J Teillon, A. M. Gretarsson, Matthew Abernathy, Maurizio Canepa, Sheila Rowan, G. Vajente, François Schiettekatte, Carmen S. Menoni, A. W. Lussier, Bill Baloukas, P. G. Murray, C. Michel, R. Robie, E. J. Hough, Jerome Degallaix, M. Ward, Laurent Pinard, Ludvik Martinu, C. Gier, É. Lalande, Mariana Fazio, Martin M. Fejer, R. Shink, E. M. Gretarsson, Alena Ananyeva, C. Osthelder, S. Penn, A. S. Markosyan, A Amato, D. Forest, Spectroscopies optiques des matériaux verres, amorphes et à nanoparticules (SOPRANO), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), thermal noise, Annealing (metallurgy), FOS: Physical sciences, gravitational-wave detectors, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, law.invention, Coating, Sputtering, law, 0103 physical sciences, Cubic zirconia, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Thin film, Composite material, Crystallization, 010306 general physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), QC, Deposition (law), Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], thin films, engineering, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We report on the development and extensive characterization of co-sputtered tantala–zirconia (Ta2O5-ZrO2) thin films, with the goal to decrease coating Brownian noise in present and future gravitational-wave detectors. We tested a variety of sputtering processes of different energies and deposition rates, and we considered the effect of different values of cation ratio η = Zr/(Zr + Ta) and of post-deposition heat treatment temperature T a on the optical and mechanical properties of the films. Co-sputtered zirconia proved to be an efficient way to frustrate crystallization in tantala thin films, allowing for a substantial increase of the maximum annealing temperature and hence for a decrease of coating mechanical loss φ c. The lowest average coating loss was observed for an ion-beam sputtered sample with η = 0.485 ± 0.004 annealed at 800 °C, yielding φ ¯ c = 1.8 × 1 0 − 4 rad. All coating samples showed cracks after annealing. Although in principle our measurements are sensitive to such defects, we found no evidence that our results were affected. The issue could be solved, at least for ion-beam sputtered coatings, by decreasing heating and cooling rates down to 7 °C h−1. While we observed as little optical absorption as in the coatings of current gravitational-wave interferometers (0.5 parts per million), further development will be needed to decrease light scattering and avoid the formation of defects upon annealing.

Published
2021
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6. Characterization of Core Optics in Gravitational-Wave Detectors: Case Study of KAGRA Sapphire Mirrors

Author

Hiroaki Yamamoto, L. Pinard, D. Forest, Bill Reichman, Mark Gross, Liyuan Zhang, Eiichi Hirose, Christophe Michel, G. Billingsley, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, interferometer, measurement methods, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, KAGRA, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Physics, Gravitational wave, business.industry, Detector, mirror: surface, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, optics, gravitational radiation detector, Characterization (materials science), Core (optical fiber), Interferometry, Sapphire, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 0210 nano-technology, business, aluminum: oxygen
Abstract

International audience; We report the characterization of superlow-loss optics used in the second-generation gravitational-wave detectors currently in operation. The sapphire test-mass mirrors in the KAGRA detector are introduced as an example, but the techniques here are common to all detectors. In this work, we discuss mainly the surface topography obtained by interferometric techniques and the optical properties obtained with special setups.

Published
2020
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7. Optical properties of high-quality oxide coating materials used in gravitational-wave advanced detectors

Author

Lorenzo Mereni, L. Pinard, D. Forest, Benoit Sassolas, Gianluca Gemme, S. Terreni, M. Granata, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Vincent Dolique, Anthony A. Amato, Christophe Michel, Maurizio Canepa, Julien Teillon, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universita degli studi di Genova, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova (INFN, Sezione di Genova), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Spectroscopies optiques des matériaux verres, amorphes et à nanoparticules (SOPRANO), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Oxide, coatings, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, spectroscopic ellipsometry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical interferometer, General Materials Science, KAGRA, 010306 general physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Doping, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, amorphous solids, Amorphous solid, spectroscopic ellipsometry, amorphous solids, oxides, Urbach energy, gravitational waves, coatings, Wavelength, chemistry, gravitational waves, Urbach energy, oxides, engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, business, Refractive index
Abstract

High-reflection interference mirrors for current gravitational wave detectors (aLIGO, Advanced Virgo, KAGRA) are made of high-quality oxide multi-layers deposited by ion beam sputtering (IBS) at the Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA). For this task, LMA uses a large IBS custom-made machine (the grand coater GC) able to deposit very uniform coatings over very large surfaces, with diameter of some tens of cm. We report for the first time about the optical characterization by spectroscopic ellipsometry of oxide coatings deposited by the GC under strictly the same conditions used for the production of interference mirrors. We have investigated oxide materials like silica (SiO2), tantala (Ta2O5) and titania-doped tantala (Ti:Ta2O5), providing for each material a broad-band (190–1700 nm) accurate determination of the complex index of refraction, with particular attention to wavelengths used in interferometers. Particular focus has been dedicated to the influence of Ti-doping on tantala coating. The doping induces a red-shift of the optical gap and an increase of the NIR refractive index. Furthermore, doping induces a decrease of the so-called Urbach energy, consistent with the well-known reduction of the internal friction in these kind of systems.

Published
2019
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8. Breakdown pathways during oral processing of different breads: impact of crumb and crust structures

Author

Anne Saint-Eve, Isabelle Déléris, S. Jourdren, D. Forest, Isabelle Souchon, Maud Panouillé, P. Lejeune, Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires (GMPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, and Lesaffre International

Subjects
Adult, Male, Starch, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], mastication, release, Young Adult, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Rheology, Humans, consumption, Food science, Particle Size, Triticum, 2. Zero hunger, Mouth, model, food, Healthy subjects, Water, food and beverages, Crust, Bread, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, bolus properties, 040401 food science, Starch analysis, chemistry, Taste, dynamic texture-perception, Digestion, Female, Bolus (digestion), human whole saliva, Food Science, Enzymatic degradation
Abstract

Oral processing during bread consumption is a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion. The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. The properties of the in vivo bread bolus obtained from eight healthy subjects were studied at three key points in time during their oral processing. The progressive lubrication and breakdown of bread were observed, as well as the beginning of the enzymatic degradation of starch. The study showed that "time" was the factor responsible for the greatest variability in bolus properties. Breakdown pathways were established for crumbs with and without crust. The presence of crust modified the oral processing, increasing, for instance, the heterogeneity of particle size at the middle of the oral processing sequence. Moreover, the hydration capacity of crust contributed to high starch degradation at swallowing time, in comparison with crumb alone. The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties were the in-mouth duration, the individual masticatory index and the mouth volume, while the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties were the initial composition and the water-absorbing capacity. We concluded that both crumb and crust structures had an impact on the oral processing, affecting the capacity of hydration, the rheology and the breakdown degree of the bolus.

Published
2016
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9. Rare jaw bone tumor: the importance of multidisciplinary management and minimally invasive treatment

Author

L. Argiolas, D. Foresti, C. Gerosa, A. Garau, E. Spinas, C. Casu, G. Orrù, and V. Garau

Subjects
cementoblastoma, odontogenic tumor, histological analysis, reconstructive surgery, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to present a mini review of oral Cementoblastoma and to report a particular case of this tumor. The Cementoblastoma is a rare benign lesion that represents less than 1-6% of all odontogenic tumors. Cementoblastoma, in the current WHO classification of odontogenic tumors, falls under the category of mesenchymal tumors (WHO 2017) and it is characterized by the proliferation of cementum-like tissue and, in all cases, tends to be associated with an erupting permanent tooth, most often the first molar. Case Presentation: A 15-year-old female presented a great Cementoblastoma with cortical expansion that affected the left mandibular body, extending from the canine to the first premolar (size 28x24 mm) and involving the mandibular canal. Surgery was performed under general anesthesia with total excision of the lesion, which was then sent for histological analysis. Due to the high risk of nerve injuries and the extreme fragility of the remaining bone after surgery, which required plates and intermaxillary blockage, the surgical site was regenerated with an iliac crest graft together with autologous and synthetic bone. Results: For the mini-review, 107 articles were found, but only 26 were selected. The patient was monitored for 12 months after surgery; a perfect healing was reported without complications, and she showed no signs of recurrence. Conclusions: This case report emphasizes the usefulness of clinical choices in a rare case of cementoblastoma of great size in a very young patient. In this condition, finding the most effective eradicative and reconstructive treatment, following the last published protocols, could achieve optimal clinical and psychological patient outcomes.

Published
2023
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10. Optical performance of large-area crystalline coatings

Author

Garrett D. Cole, R. Flaminio, Christoph Deutsch, L. Pinard, D. Forest, David Follman, M. Marchio, Paula Heu, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Fabrication, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Optical instrument, Physics::Optics, Dielectric, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Amorphous solid, 010309 optics, Interferometry, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Sapphire, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Thin film, business
Abstract

International audience; Given their excellent optical and mechanical properties, substrate-transferred crystalline coatings are an exciting alternative to amorphous multilayers for applications in precision interferometry. The high mechanical quality factor of these single-crystal interference coatings reduces the limiting thermal noise in precision optical instruments such as reference cavities for narrow-linewidth laser systems and interferometric gravitational wave detectors. In this manuscript, we explore the optical performance of GaAs/AlGaAs crystalline coatings transferred to 50.8-mm (2-inch) diameter fused silica and sapphire substrates. We present results for the transmission, scattering, absorption, and surface quality of these prototype samples including the defect density and micro-roughness. These novel coatings exhibit optical performance on par with state-of-the-art dielectric structures, encouraging further work focused on the fabrication of larger optics using this technique.

Published
2018
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11. Mirrors used in the LIGO interferometers for first detection of gravitational waves

Author

Gianpietro Cagnoli, Laurent Balzarini, Julien Teillon, N. Straniero, R. Flaminio, Benoit Sassolas, V. Dolique, Jerome Degallaix, C. Michel, L. Pinard, D. Forest, B. Lagrange, M. Granata, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ)

Subjects
optical properties, OCIS codes: (3101620) Interference coatings, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Physics::Optics, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, law.invention, 010309 optics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Optics, (3106860) Thin films, (3101860) Deposition and fabrication, law, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical interferometer, Business and International Management, 010306 general physics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Gravitational wave, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Laser, LIGO, (3104165) Multilayer design, Interferometry, Optical coating, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], business
Abstract

International audience; For the first time, direct detection of gravitational waves occurred in the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) interferometers. These advanced detectors require large fused silica mirrors with optical and mechanical properties and have never been reached until now. This paper details the main achievements of these ion beam sputtering coatings.

Published
2017
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12. Evidence of multiple paternity in spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) broods based on microsatellite analysis

Author

C. R. Lage, D. Forest, D. Barnes, C. Wray, C. W. Petersen, and I. Kornfield

Subjects
Spiny dogfish, biology, Squalus acanthias, Ecology, Microsatellite Analysis, Vulnerable species, Microsatellite, Zoology, Effective management, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, Mating system, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

An understanding of alternative mating systems is a fundamental requirement for the effective management of vulnerable species. Microsatellite analysis of spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias broods from the north-west Atlantic provides novel evidence of polyandry in this species.

Published
2008
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13. Concepts and research for future detectors

Author

G. Loddo, Ettore Majorana, J. H. Hough, G. Bergmann, F. Ya. Khalili, S. Márka, Fausto Acernese, A. S. Bell, Kenneth A. Strain, C. Zhao, V. Fafone, Z. Márka, Ludovico Carbone, Rebecca Palmer, Rana X. Adhikari, Charlotte Bond, Akira Furusawa, Sheon Chua, Kentaro Somiya, P. Calia, Kai Bongs, E. Rocco, D. Steinmeyer, P. Risson, D. Friedrich, Andreas Freise, J. Macarthur, Rocco Romano, Kazuaki Kuroda, I. W. Martin, Rosangela Canonico, Xin Chen, J. Steinlechner, L. Pinard, C. Michel, P. Raffai, H. Kawamura, A. Khalaidovski, D. Forest, D. Simakov, David E. McClelland, M. Granata, L. Naticchioni, Roman Schnabel, Carlos Frajuca, Roger K. Route, A. Rocchi, P. Puppo, L. Cunningham, S. H. Huttner, S M Köhlenbeck, Nadja S. Magalhães, Kazuhiro Agatsuma, M. Heurs, T. Denker, Stefan Hild, Y. Ma, Ik Siong Heng, N. V. Voronchev, T. Westphal, S. P. Tarabrin, B. Sorazu, R. Flaminio, Klemens Hammerer, F. Garufi, H. Müller-Ebhardt, T. T. Nguyen, M. Born, Meng Wang, F. S. Bortoli, Carl Blair, Hartmut Grote, Stefan Goßler, Karsten Danzmann, László Gondán, R. De Rosa, G. Cagnoli, Sebastian Steinlechner, H. Kaufer, M. Adier, Harald Lück, S. Hirobayashi, A. R. Wade, Jerome Degallaix, G. Giordano, N. A. Gordon, M. H. Wimmer, Christian Gräf, Jonathan Cripe, R. L. Ward, N. Morgado, M. Punturo, P. Rapagnani, M. Meinders, John Miller, Martin M. Fejer, V. Malvezzi, F. Ricci, D. D. Brown, Nándor Kelecsényi, D. Schütte, S. Sakata, J. Bauchrowitz, David Blair, A. Di Virgilio, B. Barr, B. J. J. Slagmolen, Fabrizio Barone, Riccardo Bassiri, Seiji Kawamura, J. Logue, E. Coccia, S. L. Danilishin, J. P. Fontaine, M. Nakano, Sheila Rowan, M. Perciballi, J. Kato, P. Fulda, S. Leavey, Li Ju, Daniel A. Shaddock, M. Stefszky, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F., Acernese, F., Barone, A. S., Bell, G., Bergmann, D., Blair, M., Born, D., Brown, X., Chen, S. L., Danilishin, J., Degallaix, T., Denker, A., Di Virgilio, C., Frajuca, D., Friedrich, P., Fulda, H., Grote, S. H., Huttner, J., Kato, S., K?hlenbeck, S., Leavey, H., L?ck, M., Nakano, R. N., Palmer, M., Punturo, P., Raffai, D., Sch?tte, D., Simakov, B. J. J., Slagmolen, K., Somiya, J., Steinlechner, S., Steinlechner, S., Tarabrin, A. R., Wade, M., Wang, T., Westphal, C., Zhao, R. X., Adhikari, M., Adier, K., Agatsuma, B. W., Barr, R., Bassiri, J., Bauchrowitz, C., Blair, C., Bond, K., Bong, F. S., Bortoli, G., Cagnoli, P., Calia, R., Canonico, L., Carbone, S. S. Y., Chua, E., Coccia, J., Cripe, L., Cunningham, K., Danzmann, DE ROSA, Rosario, V., Fafone, M. M., Fejer, R., Flaminio, J. P., Fontaine, D., Forest, A., Freise, A., Furusawa, Garufi, Fabio, G., Giordano, L., Gond?n, N., Gordon, S., Go?ler, C., Gr?f, M., Granata, K., Hammerer, I. S., Heng, M., Heur, S., Hild, S., Hirobayashi, J., Hough, L., Ju, H., Kaufer, H., Kawamura, S., Kawamura, N., Kelecs?nyi, A., Khalaidovski, Khalili, F. Y. a., K., Kuroda, G., Loddo, J., Logue, Y., Ma, J., Macarthur, N. S., Magalhae, E., Majorana, V., Malvezzi, S., M?rka, Z., M?rka, I., Martin, D. E., Mcclelland, M., Meinder, C., Michel, J., Miller, N., Morgado, H., M?ller Ebhardt, L., Naticchioni, T. T. H., Nguyen, M., Perciballi, L., Pinard, P., Puppo, P., Rapagnani, F., Ricci, P., Risson, A., Rocchi, E., Rocco, R., Romano, R. K., Route, S., Rowan, S., Sakata, R., Schnabel, D. A., Shaddock, B., Sorazu, M. S., Stefszky, D., Steinmeyer, K. A., Strain, N. V., Voronchev, R. L., Ward, and M. H., Wimmer

Subjects
Amaldi 10 proceedings, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Seismic noise, Gravitational-wave detectors, 01 natural sciences, Theoretical physics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Session (computer science), 010306 general physics, Interferometer, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, Quantum noise, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, business.industry, Detector, Interferometry, Differential geometry, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], business
Abstract

Technologies, design aspects and recent progresses for future gravitational wave (GW) detectors are mentioned in this summary of the C4 session of the Amaldi 10 conference.

Published
2014
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14. The Mirrors Used in the LIGO Interferometers for the First-time Detection of Gravitational Waves

Author

Julien Teillon, N. Straniero, C. Michel, Gianpietro Cagnoli, J. Dolique, M. Granata, Benoit Sassolas, R. Flaminio, Laurent Balzarini, B. Lagrange, L. Pinard, Jerome Degallaix, and D. Forest

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics::Optics, LIGO, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Laser interferometry, Optical coating, Optics, Astronomical interferometer, Spatial frequency, business
Abstract

A first direct detection of gravitational wave occurred in the LIGO interferometers. These detectors need large fused silica mirrors made with optical and mechanical properties never reached up to now. The main achievements are detailed

Published
2016
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16. Virgo: a laser interferometer to detect gravitational waves

Author

Tjeerd Ketel, Antonio Eleuteri, M. Parisi, R. Passaquieti, L. Di Fiore, B. Mours, A. Królak, M. Blom, F. Beauville, K. G. Arun, G. A. Prodi, R. DeSalvo, M. Barsuglia, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Gianluca Persichetti, V. Granata, Julien Moreau, B. Mansoux, D. Verkindt, G. Losurdo, Anna Dari, M. Doets, B. Canuel, F. Piergiovanni, G. Ballardin, T Maiani, L. Giacobone, Y. Minenkov, M. Pietka, Patrice Hello, E. Turri, X Grave, R. Morand, L. Bonelli, M. Davier, G. Pagliaroli, I. Maksimovic, J. Marque, R. L. Ward, R. Hermel, G. Hemming, A. Masserot, Marco G. Tarallo, F. Vetrano, M. A. Mazzoni, L. Journet, O Lodygensky, J. P. Zendri, F. Nocera, G. Vedovato, V. Loriette, G. Barrand, P. N. Y. David, István Rácz, D. Boget, Ludovico Carbone, P. Popolizio, C Drezen, D. Passuello, C. Palomba, V Reita, Piotr Jaranowski, J.-M. Mackowski, Antoine Heidmann, Lisa Barsotti, Riccardo Sturani, Shourov Chatterji, Sofiane Aoudia, C. Arnault, Fausto Acernese, Andreas Freise, A. Di Virgilio, A. Giazotto, F. Mul, Alessandra Toncelli, G. Parguez, L. Brocco, Claude Boccara, J-Y. Vinet, I. Ferrante, S. Hamdani, R. Sottile, F. Cleva, M. Mantovani, Samuele Cortese, C Garnier, M. Lorenzini, V. Dattilo, S. D'Antonio, T. Bouedo, F. Travasso, R. Gouaty, Michał Bejger, Alessandra Corsi, L. Giordano, Mauro Tonelli, L. A. Forte, A. Dietz, M. Alshourbagy, M. Granata, L. Derome, L. Fabbroni, E. Genin, G. Cella, R. Bilhaut, L. Taffarello, A. Grado, J. L. Beney, B Dujardin, V. Fafone, R. Del Fabbro, M. Punturo, Andrea Chincarini, G. Gemme, M. Drago, P. Amico, P. Ganau, M. Galimberti, P. La Penna, F. Raffaelli, Eric Hennes, A. Pasqualetti, M. G. Beker, S. Petit, M. Pichot, Enrico Calloni, N. Liguori, L. Salconi, O. Veziant, V. Re, Guido Russo, Mirko Prato, C. Bradaschia, M. Dehamme, G. De Carolis, P. Dominici, L Matone, L. Holloway, F. Antonucci, Saverio Avino, O. Francois, A. Chiummo, Luca Gammaitoni, A. Paoli, F. Moreau, N. Leroy, B. L. Swinkels, F. Marion, F. Ricci, B. Dulach, D. Sentenac, G. Debreczeni, B. Lagrange, P. Puppo, Maurizio Ripepe, R. Paoletti, M. Loupias, F. Fidecaro, G. M. Guidi, E. Chassande-Mottin, S. Kreckelbergh, M. E. Gáspár, B. Lieunard, V. Moscatelli, K. Yamamoto, A. Brillet, M. Del Prete, Igor Neri, N. Letendre, L. Bosi, B. Bouhou, L. Pinard, C. Girard, T. Accadia, L. Naticchioni, Salvatore Vitale, M Laval, H Voet, F. Richard, P. Astone, M. Perciballi, Tania Regimbau, S. Frasca, M. Branchesi, R. Cavalieri, H. J. Bulten, L. Massonnet, L. Palladino, R. De Rosa, V. Malvezzi, A. Colla, A. Morgia, F. Frasconi, A. Basti, J. F. J. van den Brand, R. Flaminio, S. Birindelli, Tenglin Li, Archana Pai, F. Paoletti, P. Ruggi, S. Mancini, M. Iannarelli, S. Braccini, M. Tacca, D. Babusci, J.-P. Coulon, D. Jehanno, B. Sassolas, J. C. Lacotte, A Dominjon, L. Sperandio, A. C. Clapson, G. Conforto, F. Garufi, A. Viceré, H Groenstege, Andrea Gaddi, J.-D. Fournier, L. Rolland, Fabrizio Barone, C. Buy, I. Kowalska, Marie-Anne Bizouard, M. Bebronne, J. Franc, C. Michel, N. Morgado, J. C. Le Marec, V Sannibale, J. Colas, Ettore Majorana, G. Gennaro, P. Marin, M. Yvert, A. Rocchi, C. Eder, E. Campagna, P. Roudier, Fabio Marchesoni, R. Taddei, N. Arnaud, G. Daguin, J. L. Montorio, I. Fiori, R Pignard, R. Day, V. Boschi, Luisa Bracci, Roberto Cecchi, Tristan Briant, P. Rapagnani, M. Mohan, N. Man, S. Hebri, Nelson Christensen, A Remilleux, E. Tournefier, F. Cavalier, Matthew Evans, Stefano Bigotta, Ketevan Qipiani, C. Magazzù, Silvio Pardi, O. Torre, O. Rabaste, Leopoldo Milano, C. Tremola, M. Bitossi, A. Di Lieto, A. Reboux, E. Cuoco, S. Rapisarda, T. Pradier, D. Rosińska, M. Vasúth, Salvatore Solimeno, D. Enard, Elena Cesarini, B. Lopez, J. F. Hayau, E. Coccia, F. Robinet, G. Calamai, C. N. Colacino, Joseph M. Kovalik, V. Brisson, G. Matone, C. Van Den Broeck, B. Perniola, M. Was, Ruggero Stanga, S Tissot, Maria Grazia Bernardini, Ph Heusse, D. Buskulic, Zhenyu Zhang, C. Greverie, Rosa Poggiani, R. Chiche, H. Vocca, S. Karkar, A. Gennai, P. Mugnier, Simona Mosca, M. Vavoulidis, S. Vilalte, S. Van Der Putten, Tomasz Bulik, L. Fournier, Th. S. Bauer, François Bondu, G. Giordano, M. Colombini, Francesco Cottone, F. Bellachia, G. Vajente, D. Forest, A. Belletoile, W. Del Pozzo, P. F. Cohadon, H. Heitmann, D. S. Rabeling, Rocco Romano, M. Dialinas, F. Menzinger, Iolanda Ricciardi, F. Carbognani, M. Di Paolo Emilio, A. Bozzi, D. Huet, H Fang, R. Bonnand, E Pacaud, F. Martelli, S Mitra, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules ( LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), APC - Cosmologie, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France ( PCC ), Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Institut de Physique de Rennes ( IPR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés ( LMA ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), APC - Gravitation ( APC-Gravitation ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), Max-Planck-Institut-Max-Planck-Institut, T., Accadia, F., Acernese, M., Alshourbagy, P., Amico, F., Antonucci, S., Aoudia, N., Arnaud, C., Arnault, K. G., Arun, P., Astone, S., Avino, D., Babusci, G., Ballardin, F., Barone, G., Barrand, L., Barsotti, M., Barsuglia, A., Basti, Th S., Bauer, F., Beauville, M., Bebronne, M., Bejger, M. G., Beker, F., Bellachia, A., Belletoile, J. L., Beney, M., Bernardini, S., Bigotta, R., Bilhaut, S., Birindelli, M., Bitossi, M. A., Bizouard, M., Blom, C., Boccara, D., Boget, F., Bondu, L., Bonelli, R., Bonnand, V., Boschi, L., Bosi, T., Bouedo, B., Bouhou, A., Bozzi, L., Bracci, S., Braccini, C., Bradaschia, M., Branchesi, T., Briant, A., Brillet, V., Brisson, L., Brocco, T., Bulik, H. J., Bulten, D., Buskulic, C., Buy, G., Cagnoli, G., Calamai, Calloni, Enrico, E., Campagna, B., Canuel, F., Carbognani, L., Carbone, F., Cavalier, R., Cavalieri, R., Cecchi, G., Cella, E., Cesarini, E., Chassande Mottin, S., Chatterji, R., Chiche, A., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, N., Christensen, A. C., Clapson, F., Cleva, E., Coccia, P. F., Cohadon, C. N., Colacino, J., Cola, A., Colla, M., Colombini, G., Conforto, A., Corsi, S., Cortese, F., Cottone, J. P., Coulon, E., Cuoco, S., D'Antonio, G., Daguin, A., Dari, V., Dattilo, P. Y., David, M., Davier, R., Day, G., Debreczeni, G., De Caroli, M., Dehamme, R., Del Fabbro, W., Del Pozzo, M., del Prete, L., Derome, DE ROSA, Rosario, R., Desalvo, M., Dialina, L., Di Fiore, A., Di Lieto, M., Di Paolo Emilio, A., Di Virgilio, A., Dietz, M., Doet, P., Dominici, A., Dominjon, M., Drago, C., Drezen, B., Dujardin, B., Dulach, C., Eder, A., Eleuteri, D., Enard, M., Evan, L., Fabbroni, V., Fafone, H., Fang, I., Ferrante, F., Fidecaro, I., Fiori, R., Flaminio, D., Forest, Forte, LUCA ANTONIO, J. D., Fournier, L., Fournier, J., Franc, O., Francoi, S., Frasca, F., Frasconi, A., Freise, A., Gaddi, M., Galimberti, L., Gammaitoni, P., Ganau, C., Garnier, Garufi, Fabio, M. E., Gáspár, G., Gemme, E., Genin, A., Gennai, G., Gennaro, L., Giacobone, A., Giazotto, G., Giordano, L., Giordano, C., Girard, R., Gouaty, A., Grado, M., Granata, V., Granata, X., Grave, C., Greverie, H., Groenstege, G. M., Guidi, S., Hamdani, J. F., Hayau, S., Hebri, A., Heidmann, H., Heitmann, P., Hello, G., Hemming, E., Henne, R., Hermel, P., Heusse, L., Holloway, D., Huet, M., Iannarelli, P., Jaranowski, D., Jehanno, L., Journet, S., Karkar, T., Ketel, H., Voet, J., Kovalik, I., Kowalska, S., Kreckelbergh, A., Krolak, J. C., Lacotte, B., Lagrange, P., La Penna, M., Laval, J. C., Le Marec, N., Leroy, N., Letendre, T. G. F., Li, B., Lieunard, N., Liguori, O., Lodygensky, B., Lopez, M., Lorenzini, V., Loriette, G., Losurdo, M., Loupia, J. M., Mackowski, T., Maiani, E., Majorana, C., Magazzù, I., Maksimovic, V., Malvezzi, N., Man, S., Mancini, B., Mansoux, M., Mantovani, F., Marchesoni, F., Marion, P., Marin, J., Marque, F., Martelli, A., Masserot, L., Massonnet, G., Matone, L., Matone, M., Mazzoni, F., Menzinger, C., Michel, Milano, Leopoldo, Y., Minenkov, S., Mitra, M., Mohan, J. L., Montorio, R., Morand, F., Moreau, J., Moreau, N., Morgado, A., Morgia, S., Mosca, V., Moscatelli, B., Mour, P., Mugnier, F. A., Mul, L., Naticchioni, I., Neri, F., Nocera, E., Pacaud, G., Pagliaroli, A., Pai, L., Palladino, C., Palomba, F., Paoletti, R., Paoletti, A., Paoli, S., Pardi, G., Parguez, M., Parisi, A., Pasqualetti, R., Passaquieti, D., Passuello, M., Perciballi, B., Perniola, G., Persichetti, S., Petit, M., Pichot, F., Piergiovanni, M., Pietka, R., Pignard, L., Pinard, R., Poggiani, P., Popolizio, T., Pradier, M., Prato, G. A., Prodi, M., Punturo, P., Puppo, K., Qipiani, O., Rabaste, D. S., Rabeling, I., Rácz, F., Raffaelli, P., Rapagnani, S., Rapisarda, V., Re, A., Reboux, T., Regimbau, V., Reita, A., Remilleux, F., Ricci, I., Ricciardi, F., Richard, M., Ripepe, F., Robinet, A., Rocchi, L., Rolland, R., Romano, D., Rosińska, P., Roudier, P., Ruggi, Russo, Guido, L., Salconi, V., Sannibale, B., Sassola, D., Sentenac, S., Solimeno, R., Sottile, L., Sperandio, R., Stanga, R., Sturani, B., Swinkel, M., Tacca, R., Taddei, L., Taffarello, M., Tarallo, S., Tissot, A., Toncelli, M., Tonelli, O., Torre, E., Tournefier, F., Travasso, C., Tremola, E., Turri, G., Vajente, J. F. J., van den Brand, C., Van Den Broeck, S., van der Putten, M., Vasuth, M., Vavoulidi, G., Vedovato, D., Verkindt, F., Vetrano, O., Véziant, A., Viceré, J. Y., Vinet, S., Vilalte, S., Vitale, H., Vocca, R. L., Ward, M., Wa, K., Yamamoto, M., Yvert, J. P., Zendri, Z., Zhang, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), (Astro)-Particles Physics, Mathematical Analysis, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Subjects
Gravitational-wave observatory, PROTOTYPE, 01 natural sciences, SCATTERED-LIGHT NOISE, law.invention, Detection of gravitational wave, interferometers, law, Instrumentation, gravitational wave, Mathematical Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, SEISMIC NOISE, Detector, SUPER ATTENUATOR, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, [ SDU.ASTR.IM ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Interferometry, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 1ST, SUSPENSION, Gravitational waves, [ PHYS.GRQC ] Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Optics, Suspensions, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, Detection theory, Gravitational Waves, Interferometric Detector, Electronics, 010306 general physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Lasers, Michelson interferometer, PERFORMANCE, Antennas, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [ PHYS.ASTR.IM ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Sensitivity (electronics), SHOT-NOISE, SYSTEM, PENDULUM
Abstract

This paper presents a complete description of Virgo, the French-Italian gravitational wave detector. The detector, built at Cascina, near Pisa (Italy), is a very large Michelson interferometer, with 3 km-long arms. In this paper, following a presentation of the physics requirements, leading to the specifications for the construction of the detector, a detailed description of all its different elements is given. These include civil engineering infrastructures, a huge ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chamber (about 6000 cubic metres), all of the optical components, including high quality mirrors and their seismic isolating suspensions, all of the electronics required to control the interferometer and for signal detection. The expected performances of these different elements are given, leading to an overall sensitivity curve as a function of the incoming gravitational wave frequency. This description represents the detector as built and used in the first data-taking runs. Improvements in different parts have been and continue to be performed, leading to better sensitivities. These will be detailed in a forthcoming paper. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl.

Published
2012
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17. Data analysis methods for non-Gaussian, nonstationary and nonlinear features and their application to VIRGO

Author

N. Morgado, D. Enard, M. Yvert, F. Travasso, P. Amico, P. La Penna, Thomas Cokelaer, Frédérique Marion, F. Richard, Elena Cuoco, Fabio Marchesoni, P. Hello, G. Ballardin, R. Hermel, F. Nenci, C. Boccara, D. Verkindt, C. Casciano, Regis Barille, F. Mornet, F. Paoletti, J. L. Montorio, R. Taddei, M. A. Bizouard, F. Martelli, S Peruzzi, Gianpaolo Evangelista, B. Lieunard, R. Passaquieti, J. M. Teuler, L. Pinard, F. Frasconi, R. Flaminio, D. Passuello, J. P. Roger, E. Turri, C. Michel, F. Bellachia, D. Forest, B. Mours, M. Leliboux, R. Cavalieri, F. Honglie, Angela Delli Paoli, Ciro Cattuto, E. Tournefier, Leopoldo Milano, J. Cachenaut, P. Ganau, H. Heitmann, P. Dominici, Irene Fiori, J. Moreau, V. Brisson, M. Davier, V. Reita, S. Krecklbergh, J.-P. Coulon, L. Holloway, Samuele Cortese, Ph. Heusse, A. Di Virgilio, N. Arnaud, J.-D. Fournier, P. Rapagnani, S Puccinelli, A. Brillet, Ruggero Stanga, V Dattilo, B. Perniola, G. Calamai, C. Girard, A. Bozzi, M. Punturo, G Gougoulat, M. De Rosa, G. Gennaro, M. Barsuglia, Rosa Poggiani, H. Trinquet, S. Vilalte, A. Masserot, S. Braccini, Fabrizio Barone, P. Puppo, F. Cleva, G. Losurdo, Sergio Cavaliere, G. Giordano, A. Gennai, B. Dujardin, M. Perciballi, L. Di Fiore, C. Bourgoin, F. Menzinger, L. Massonnet, P. Popolizio, A. Eleuteri, A. Giazotto, I. Ferrante, Alban Remillieux, L. Giacobone, A. Viceré, T. Lomtadze, E. Campagna, A. Pai, C. N. Man, L. Journet, J. Y. Vinet, F. Fidecaro, G. M. Guidi, P. Mugnier, L. Fournier, M. Iannarelli, F. Chollet, J.-M. Mackowski, F. Moreau, M. Loupias, François Bondu, F. Ricci, R. De Rosa, Enrico Calloni, Fausto Acernese, F. Cavalier, C. Bradaschia, Edward K. Porter, V. Loriette, P. Ruggi, José Pacheco, Giorgio Ivan Russo, Ettore Majorana, Luca Gammaitoni, S. Frasca, A. Pasqualetti, Ketevan Qipiani, E. Chassande-Mottin, L Paoli, D. Boget, D. Buskulic, Zhenyu Zhang, L. Brocco, G. Conforto, O. Veziant, B. Lagrange, F. Beauville, Salvatore Solimeno, D. Babusci, F. Vetrano, P. N. Y. David, M. Varvella, C. Palomba, S. Mataguez, G. Cella, M. Mazzoni, J. Ramonet, and H. Vocca

Subjects
Data Analysis, Physics, Gravitational wave detectors and experiments, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Gaussian, Full scale, Astrophysics, Characterization (materials science), Nonlinear system, Interferometry, symbols.namesake, Data analysis, symbols, Algorithm
Abstract

The commissioning of the VIRGO central interferometer occasioned the implementation and tests of various algorithms for the characterization of the non-Gaussianity, non-stationarity and non-linearity of the dark fringe data. This library of prototypes will serve as groundwork for the near commissioning of VIRGO (full scale). We make a summary of the activities on that subject including the description of the selected algorithms and some results obtained with the data of the engineering runs.

Published
2003
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18. Formation of cryptophanes from their precursors as viewed by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry

Author

D. Forest, Magali Darzac, Michel Becchi, Thierry Brotin, Jean-Pierre Dutasta, and Deleage, Gilbert

Subjects
Secondary ion mass spectrometry, Electrospray, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, Chemistry, Desorption, Inorganic chemistry, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Analytical chemistry, Supramolecular chemistry, Mass spectrometry, Spectroscopy, Cryptophane, Ion
Abstract

The formation of cryptophane-A (C1) and the deuterated cryptophanes C2-C6 from their respective precursors P1-P6 in a mass spectrometer ion-source was evidenced by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS). Mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy experiments performed on the precursor molecular ions suggested that cryptophane formation occurred mainly in the liquid-matrix before desorption rather than in the gas phase. In addition, we observed that the presence of cations, such as lithium or sodium ions, inhibited the formation of the cryptophane molecular ions. In the light of these results we used the LSIMS technique to investigate the formation of the new cryptophanes C7-C13. All the data collected support the idea that a direct comparison can be made between these experimental findings and chemistry in solution.The formation of cryptophane-A (C1) and the deuterated cryptophanes C2-C6 from their respective precursors P1-P6 in a mass spectrometer ion-source was evidenced by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS). Mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy experiments performed on the precursor molecular ions suggested that cryptophane formation occurred mainly in the liquid-matrix before desorption rather than in the gas phase. In addition, we observed that the presence of cations, such as lithium or sodium ions, inhibited the formation of the cryptophane molecular ions. In the light of these results we used the LSIMS technique to investigate the formation of the new cryptophanes C7-C13. All the data collected support the idea that a direct comparison can be made between these experimental findings and chemistry in solution.

Published
2001
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19. Status of VIRGO

Author

F. ACERNESE, P. AMICO, N. ARNAUD, D. BABUSCI, G. BALLARDIN, R. BARILL, F. BARONE, M. BARSUGLIA, F. BEAUVILLE, F. BELLACHIA, M. A. BIZOUARD, C. BOCCARA, D. BOGET, F. BONDU, C. BOURGOIN, A. BOZZI, S. BRACCINI, C. BRADASCHIA, A. BRILLET, V. BRISSON, L. BROCCO, D. BUSKULIC, J. CACHENAUT, G. CALAMAI, CALLONI, ENRICO, E. CAMPAGNA, C. CASCIANO, C. CATTUTO, F. CAVALIER, S. CAVALIERE, R. CAVALIERI, G. CELLA, E. CHASSANDEMOTTIN, F. CHOLLET, F. CLEVA, T. COKELAER, G. CONFORTO, S. CORTESE, J. P. COULON, E. CUOCO, V. DATTILO, P. Y. DAVD, M. DAVIER, M. DE ROSA, DE ROSA, ROSARIO, L. DI FIORE, A. DI VIRGILIO, B. DUJARDIN, P. DOMINICI, A. ELEUTERI, D. ENARD, G. EVANGELISTA, I. FERRANTE, F. FIDECARO, I. FIORI, R. FLAMINIO, D. FOREST, J. D. FOURNIER, L. FOURNIER, S. FRASCA, F. FRASCONI, L. GAMMAITONI, P. GANAU, A. GENNAI, G. GENNARO, L. GIACOBONE, A. GIAZOTTO, G. GIORDANO, C. GIRARD, G. GOUGOULAT, G. M. GUIDI, H. HEITMANN, P. HELLO, R. HERMEL, P. HEUSSE, L. HOLLOWAY, F. HONGLIE, M. IANNARELLI, L. JOURNET, S. KRECKLBERGH, B. LAGRANGE, P. LA PENNA, M. LELIBOUX, B. LIEUNARD, T. LOMTADZE, MILANO, LEOPOLDO, F., Acernese, P., Amico, N., Arnaud, D., Babusci, G., Ballardin, R., Barill, F., Barone, M., Barsuglia, F., Beauville, F., Bellachia, M. A., Bizouard, C., Boccara, D., Boget, F., Bondu, C., Bourgoin, A., Bozzi, S., Braccini, C., Bradaschia, A., Brillet, V., Brisson, L., Brocco, D., Buskulic, J., Cachenaut, G., Calamai, Calloni, Enrico, E., Campagna, C., Casciano, C., Cattuto, F., Cavalier, S., Cavaliere, R., Cavalieri, G., Cella, E., Chassandemottin, F., Chollet, F., Cleva, T., Cokelaer, G., Conforto, S., Cortese, J. P., Coulon, E., Cuoco, V., Dattilo, P. Y., Davd, M., Davier, M., DE ROSA, DE ROSA, Rosario, L., DI FIORE, A., DI VIRGILIO, B., Dujardin, P., Dominici, A., Eleuteri, D., Enard, G., Evangelista, I., Ferrante, F., Fidecaro, I., Fiori, R., Flaminio, D., Forest, J. D., Fournier, L., Fournier, S., Frasca, F., Frasconi, L., Gammaitoni, P., Ganau, A., Gennai, G., Gennaro, L., Giacobone, A., Giazotto, G., Giordano, C., Girard, G., Gougoulat, G. M., Guidi, H., Heitmann, P., Hello, R., Hermel, P., Heusse, L., Holloway, F., Honglie, M., Iannarelli, L., Journet, S., Krecklbergh, B., Lagrange, P., LA PENNA, M., Leliboux, B., Lieunard, T., Lomtadze, and Milano, Leopoldo

Published
2003

20. Large filters for wide-field survey telescope LSST

Author

R. Flaminio, N. Morgado, Christophe Michel, P. Antilogus, B. Lagrange, Benoit Sassolas, L. Pinard, and D. Forest

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, law.invention, Telescope, Wavelength, Optics, Transmission (telecommunications), Stack (abstract data type), law, Filter (video), Transmittance, Thin film, Optical filter, business
Abstract

The LSST design foresees the use of six wide-band large optical filters that can alternatively be moved in front of the CCD camera. Each of the six filters has a different band-pass covering all the wavelengths from 300 nm to 1200 nm. The way to achieve this is to coat an optimized optical thin films stack on a filter substrate. Each filter requires a specific design using specific appropriate materials. The main characteristics of these filters, that constitute a real technological challenge, are: their relatively large size - their radii of curvature (about 5.6 m) that represent a sagitta of 12,5 mm that increases the uniformity complexity, the large rejection band requirements with transmission lower than 0.01 % out of the band and a transmission of 95 % over the band-pass. This paper proposes to show the problematic and the results obtained at LMA (Laboratoire des Materiaux Avances-FRANCE) to the purpose of realizing these filters using the IBS (Ion Beam Sputtering) deposition technique. The results obtained with High-Pass/Low-Pass structures will be presented. Experimental results will be shown concerning the R-band filter (552-691 nm). An overview of the work to be done to realize transmittance map over large filters will be given.

Published
2013
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21. Realization of low-loss mirrors with sub-nanometer flatness for future gravitational wave detectors

Author

L. Pinard, D. Forest, Romain Bonnand, Benoit Sassolas, N. Morgado, R. Flaminio, Jerome Degallaix, C. Michel, G. Billingsley, Benítez, Pablo, David, Stuart, de la Fuente, Marta C., Erdmann, Andreas, Kidger, Tina E., Mazuray, Laurent, Raynor, Jeffrey M., Smith, Daniel G., Tissot, Jean-Luc M., Wartmann, Rolf, Wood, Andrew P., and Wyrowski, Frank

Subjects
Physics, Gravitational-wave observatory, Gravitational wave, business.industry, Flatness (systems theory), Detector, Michelson interferometer, LIGO, law.invention, Finesse, Optical coating, Optics, law, business
Abstract

The second generation of gravitational wave detectors will aim at improving by an order of magnitude their sensitivity versus the present ones (LIGO and VIRGO). These detectors are based on long-baseline Michelson interferometer with high finesse Fabry-Perot cavity in the arms and have strong requirements on the mirrors quality. These large low-loss mirrors (340 mm in diameter, 200 mm thick) must have a near perfect flatness. The coating process shall not add surface figure Zernike terms higher than second order with amplitude >0.5 nm over the central 160 mm diameter. The limits for absorption and scattering losses are respectively 0.5 and 5 ppm. For each cavity the maximum loss budget due to the surface figure error should be smaller than 50 ppm. Moreover the transmission matching between the two inputs mirrors must be better than 99%. We describe the different configurations that were explored in order to respect all these requirements. Coatings are done using IBS. The two first configurations based on a single rotation motion combined or not with uniformity masks allow to obtain coating thickness uniformity around 0.2 % rms on 160 mm diameter. But this is not sufficient to meet all the specifications. A planetary motion completed by masking technique has been studied. With simulated values the loss cavity is below 20 ppm, better than the requirements. First experimental results obtained with the planetary system will be presented.

Published
2012
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23. Les aciers modernes pour composants mécaniques mis en forme par estampage

Author

D. Forest, J.Y. Boucher, D. Robat, C. Tomme, and M. Damagnez

Subjects
Materials Chemistry, Metals and Alloys, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

Cet article decrit la demarche developpee par les forgerons a chaud en partenariat etroit avec les acieristes pour proposer des pieces avec une reduction notable des couts, principalement en effectuant le traitement thermique dans la chaude de forge.En fonction des proprietes de mise en oeuvre et d’usage exigees, une palette de nuances d’aciers avec une echelle de performance est ensuite presentee.

Published
1994
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24. Twin mirrors for laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors

Author

Christophe Michel, J. Franc, R. Flaminio, Aline Lacoudre, L. Pinard, D. Forest, N. Morgado, Quentin Benoit, J.-L. Montorio, Massimo Galimberti, Benoit Sassolas, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, law.invention, 010309 optics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Optics, law, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Light beam, Business and International Management, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Gravitational wave, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Michelson interferometer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, LIGO, Interferometry, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Gravitational-wave detectors such as Virgo and the laser interferometric gravitational-wave observatory (LIGO) use a long-baseline Michelson interferometer with Fabry–Perot cavities in the arms to search for gravitational waves. The symmetry between the two Fabry–Perot cavities is crucial to reduce the interferometer’s sensitivity to the laser amplitude and frequency noise. To this purpose, the transmittance of the mirrors in both cavities should be as close as possible. This paper describes the realization and the characterization of the first twin large low-loss mirrors with transmissions differing by less than 0.01%.

Published
2011
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25. Towards a new generation of low loss mirrors for the advanced gravitational waves interferometers

Author

R. Flaminio, J.-L. Montorio, Christophe Michel, L. Pinard, D. Forest, N. Morgado, Benoit Sassolas, and Aline Lacoudre

Subjects
Materials science, Gravitational wave, business.industry, engineering.material, Layer thickness, Laser interferometry, Interferometry, Optics, Coating, Astronomical interferometer, engineering, Thin film, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), business
Abstract

New generation of advanced interferometer needs fused silica mirrors having better optical and mechanical properties. This paper describes the way to reduce the IBS coating absorption (1064 nm) and to improve the layer thickness uniformity.

Published
2010
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26. Generation of a flat-top laser beam for gravitational wave detectors by means of a nonspherical Fabry-Perot resonator

Author

Erika D'Ambrosio, L. Pinard, D. Forest, Marco G. Tarallo, Phil Willems, Juri Agresti, B. Simoni, C. Michel, N. Morgado, John W. Miller, B. Lagrange, A. Remilleux, J. M. Mackowsky, J.-L. Montorio, and R. DeSalvo

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Curved mirror, Physics::Optics, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, law.invention, Resonator, Optics, Tilt (optics), law, Beam tilt, Optical cavity, Light beam, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Business and International Management, business, Adaptive optics, Beam (structure), Caltech Library Services
Abstract

We have tested a new kind of Fabry-Perot long-baseline optical resonator proposed to reduce the thermal noise sensitivity of gravitational wave interferometric detectors--the "mesa beam" cavity--whose flat top beam shape is achieved by means of an aspherical end mirror. We present the fundamental mode intensity pattern for this cavity and its distortion due to surface imperfections and tilt misalignments, and contrast the higher order mode patterns to the Gauss-Laguerre modes of a spherical mirror cavity. We discuss the effects of mirror tilts on cavity alignment and locking and present measurements of the mesa beam tilt sensitivity.

Published
2007

27. Reduction of tantala mechanical losses in Ta2O5/SiO2 coatings for the next generation of VIRGO and LIGO interferometric gravitational waves detectors

Author

C. Comtet, D. Forest, P. Ganau, G. M. Harry, J. -M. Mackowski, Ch. Michel, J. -L. Montorio, N. Morgado, V. Pierro, L. Pinard, I. M. Pinto, A. Remillieux, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VIRGO, Girod, Dominique, Comtet, C., Forest, D., Ganau, P., Harry, G. M., Mackowski, J. -M., Michel, Ch., Montorio, J. -L., Morgado, N., Pierro, V., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., and Remillieux, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Materials Science, thermal noise, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Optics, mechanical losses, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Computer Science::Other, Gravitational waves
Abstract

Mirror thermal noise in Ta2O5/SiO2 coatings is predicted to be the limiting noise in the 50-300 Hz frequency range in the interferometric gravitational wave detectors. Ta2O5 losses were dominating compared to the SiO2 losses. We developed a model to calculate multilayer mechanical losses and we are working for low mechanical losses Ta2O5/SiO2 coatings.

Published
2007

28. Comparison of specularly-reflecting mirrors for GRANIT

Author

P. Ganau, Laurent Pinard, Valery Nesvizhevsky, Alban Remillieux, K.V. Protasov, Jean-Marie Mackowski, D. Forest, N. Morgado, J. L. Montorio, G. Quéméner, Guillaume Pignol, Christine Michel, Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), ILL, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and GRANIT

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Specular reflection, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Optics, Surface finish, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Optics, 03.65.−w, 28.20.−v, Coatings, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics, Elastic scattering, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Specularity, Sapphire, Ultracold neutrons, Reflection (physics), business
Abstract

The specularity of ultracold neutron reflection was compared for different “promising” surfaces, including sapphire, silica, silica with carbon (diamond-like), and copper coatings with very small roughness. The probability of total losses of ultracold neutrons (UCN) from a specular trajectory was dominated by diffusive (non-specular) elastic scattering of UCN. In all the cases considered the quality of reflection was sufficiently high for storage of UCN at specular trajectories for the first stage of GRANIT experiment.

Published
2007
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29. Design and construction of a prototype of a flat top beam interferometer and initial tests

Author

R. DeSalvo, Juri Agresti, N. Morgado, Erika D'Ambrosio, L. Pinard, B. Lagrange, D. Forest, Phil Willems, J M Mackowski, C. Michel, J.-L. Montorio, Marco G. Tarallo, B. Simoni, A. Remillieux, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, History, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Curved mirror, 01 natural sciences, LIGO, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Interferometry, Optics, law, Optical cavity, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical interferometer, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Laser beam quality, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, business, Beam (structure), Caltech Library Services, Gaussian beam
Abstract

A non-Gaussian, flat-top laser beam profile, also called Mesa Beam Profile, supported by non spherical mirrors known as Mexican Hat (MH) mirrors, has been proposed as a way to depress the mirror thermal noise and thus improve the sensitivity of future interferometric Gravitational Wave detectors, including Advanced LIGO [1]. Non-Gaussian beam configurations have never been tested before [2] hence the main motivation of this project is to demonstrate the feasibility of this new concept. A 7m rigid suspended Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity which can support a scaled version of a Mesa beam applicable to the LIGO interferometers has been developed. The FP cavity prototype is being designed to prove the feasibility of actual MH mirror profiles, determine whether a MH mirror cavity is capable of transforming an incoming Gaussian beam into a flat top beam profile, study the effects of unavoidable mirror imperfections on the resulting beam profile and gauge the difficulties associated with locking and maintaining the alignment of such an optical cavity. We present the design of the experimental apparatus and simulations comparing Gaussian and Mesa beams performed both with ideal and current (measured) mirror profiles. An overview of the technique used to manufacture this kind of mirror and initial results showing Mesa beam properties are presented.

Published
2006
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30. Increased emission intensity can compensate for the presence of noise in human click-based echolocation

Author

J. G. Castillo-Serrano, L. J. Norman, D. Foresteire, and L. Thaler

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Echolocating bats adapt their emissions to succeed in noisy environments. In the present study we investigated if echolocating humans can detect a sound-reflecting surface in the presence of noise and if intensity of echolocation emissions (i.e. clicks) changes in a systematic pattern. We tested people who were blind and had experience in echolocation, as well as blind and sighted people who had no experience in echolocation prior to the study. We used an echo-detection paradigm where participants listened to binaural recordings of echolocation sounds (i.e. they did not make their own click emissions), and where intensity of emissions and echoes changed adaptively based on participant performance (intensity of echoes was yoked to intensity of emissions). We found that emission intensity had to systematically increase to compensate for weaker echoes relative to background noise. In fact, emission intensity increased so that spectral power of echoes exceeded spectral power of noise by 12 dB in 4-kHz and 5-kHz frequency bands. The effects were the same across all participant groups, suggesting that this effect occurs independently of long-time experience with echolocation. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that people can echolocate in the presence of noise and suggest that one potential strategy to deal with noise is to increase emission intensity to maintain signal-to-noise ratio of certain spectral components of the echoes.

Published
2021
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31. [Electrical dental anesthesia (EDA), an alternative to local anesthesia?]

Author

M, Migneault, A, Charbonneau, D, Forest, and G, Lavigne

Subjects
Anesthesia, Dental, Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation, Humans, Electronarcosis
Abstract

Electrical dental anesthesia has recently been suggested as an alternative to local anesthetics for the control of pain related to certain dental acts. This article updates the evidence which supports the efficiency, indications and contra-indications of such a procedure. Although this technique has certain advantages, its use is limited by: 1) how cooperative the patient may be; 2) the time required to explain the procedure to the patient and that which is required to produce the needed clinical effect; and, 3) how efficient it may be relative to the patient in question and the dental treatment rendered.

Published
1991

32. [AIDS paranoia]

Author

D, Forest

Subjects
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Humans, Attitude to Health, Paranoid Behavior
Published
1991

33. I. Stylohyoid chain ossification: A discussion of etiology

Author

C. Deschamps, A.J. Camarda, and D. Forest

Subjects
Metaplasia, medicine.medical_specialty, Hyperplasia, Ligaments, business.industry, Ossification, Ossification, Heterotopic, Hyoid bone, Tendinosis, Temporal Bone, Eagle syndrome, Syndrome, medicine.disease, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Surgery, Stylohyoid ligament, Facial Pain, Etiology, Humans, Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, General Dentistry, Lesser horn, Confusion
Abstract

Not all patients with cervicopharyngeal pain related to the stylohyoid apparatus can be diagnosed as having Eagle's syndrome. An attempt is therefore made to classify these patients according to etiology. First, a diagnosis of Eagle's syndrome is applied to symptomatic patients in whom elongated, ossified styloid processes develop within a period of time posttraumatically. Second, a diagnosis of stylohyoid syndrome is applied to patients in whom elongated styloid processes and/or stylohyoid chain ossification develop early in life as an anatomic anomaly, and in whom symptoms later develop. Last, a diagnosis of pseudostylohyoid syndrome is applied to patients in whom, because of aging, a tendinosis at the junction of the stylohyoid ligament and the lesser horn of the hyoid bone develops. It is hoped that such a simplified classification may lead to a global understanding of the causes of such symptomatology, a more practical approach to treatment, and less confusion among the professions in regard to terminology.

Published
1989
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34. Chromatography of mycotoxins on precoated reverse-phase thin-layer plates

Author

D. Abramson, T. Thorsteinson, and D. Forest

Subjects
Ochratoxin A, Chromatography, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Trichothecene, General Medicine, Reversed-phase chromatography, Mycotoxins, Toxicology, Pollution, Diacetoxyscirpenol, Patulin, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Penicillic acid, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Screening procedures, Sterigmatocystin
Abstract

Reverse-phase thin-layer chromatography of 18 common mycotoxins was carried out on Merck C18 and Whatman C18 and diphenyl bonded phases. The mobile phases included neutral and acidified binary mixtures of water and methanol, acetonitrile or tetrahydrofuran. Mycotoxins studied included aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin A, citrinin, penicillic acid, patulin, zearalenone, and the trichothecenes diacetoxyscirpenol, HT-2 toxin, nivalenol, neosolaniol, fusarenone-X, T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol. Both C18-bonded phases performed well, and could serve as a convenient confirmation for mycotoxins appearing in normal-phase (silica) thin-layer chromatographic screening procedures.

Published
1989
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35. Mandibular infected buccal cyst: Report of two cases

Author

D. Forest, J. Pham, and A.J. Camarda

Subjects
Inflammation, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Jaw Cysts, business.industry, Dentistry, Surgery, Diagnosis, Differential, stomatognathic diseases, Mandibular infected buccal cyst, stomatognathic system, Otorhinolaryngology, Humans, Medicine, Mandibular Diseases, Oral Surgery, Child, business, Tooth
Abstract

Two cases of mandibular infected buccal cyst are presented. A thorough review of the literature reveals that this is a fairly new entity with the first cases reported by Stoneman and Worth in 1983.1

Published
1989
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37. II. Stylohyoid chain ossification: A discussion of etiology

Author

A J, Camarda, C, Deschamps, and D, Forest

Subjects
Adult, Male, Ligaments, Adolescent, Ossification, Heterotopic, Temporal Bone, Syndrome, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Child, Preschool, Radiography, Panoramic, Humans, Female, Child, General Dentistry
Abstract

It has been estimated that between 2% and 4% of the general adult population has radiographic evidence of an ossification of the stylohyoid chain. In an effort to prove that this is also the case in children and adolescents, 150 panoramic radiographs were examined at the Department of Pedodontics of St. Justine's Hospital in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. A total of 300 styloid processes and stylohyoid chains were evaluated and measured radiographically. The patients' mean age was 11 years. The mean length of the styloid processes was 10 mm. Forty percent of the population without symptoms studied showed some evidence of stylohyoid ligament ossification. Sixty percent of these were males; 40% were females. It was also found that 65.6% had no history of cervicopharyngeal trauma on review of the medical and dental histories.

Published
1989
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38. The major emphasis of the funeral

Author

Jack D. Forest

Subjects
Cross-cultural psychology, Sociology and Political Science, Social Psychology, Religious studies, Engineering ethics, Sociology, Emphasis (typography), Applied Psychology
Published
1963
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39. The Application of Cylindrical Geometry for the Determination of Crystal Orientation

Author

Robert D. Forest, Richard J. Barton, and N. C. Schieltz

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

A procedure for conveniently determining the orientation of noncubic crystals is presented. The methods usually employed for cubic crystals, flat-film backreflection Laue patterns interpreted with the aid of a table of interplanar angles, is not readily adaptable to noncubics. In general, tables of interplanar angles for noncubics do not exist and if the effort is expended to generate them, such a vast array of angles result that they are virtually impossible to use. It is thus necessary to use the symmetry of the pattern to identify the low-index planes. However, on flat-film geometry, due to the small angular range of the data, insufficient low-index points are present to permit orientation.In order to alleviate this problem we have developed the necessary techniques for the interpretation of back-reflection Laue patterns employing cylindrical-film geometry. The necessary overlays and their use are presented along with some of the results obtained.

Published
1965
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40. Development and application of aluminum-boron composite material

Author

J. L. Christian and J. D. Forest

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Computer science, Aerospace Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Composite epoxy material, chemistry, Aluminium, Nondestructive testing, Airframe, Elevon, Composite material, business, Material properties, Boron, Sandwich-structured composite
Abstract

Specific design studies of the application of aluminum-boron composites to structural components of the F-106 aircraft are presented and weight and performance improvements assessed. A summary of the current mechanical and physical properties, manufacturing, nondestructive test, and structural test evaluations of aluminum-boron are presented. Savings for components, which approach 50% in some cases, and the airframe weight saving for the F-106 are presented. The problems of high-temperature joining and cost of implementation are touched on briefly.

Published
1970
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41. Amorphous optical coatings of present gravitational-wave interferometers.

Author

M Granata, A Amato, L Balzarini, M Canepa, J Degallaix, D Forest, V Dolique, L Mereni, C Michel, L Pinard, B Sassolas, J Teillon, and G Cagnoli

Subjects
INTERNAL friction, OPTICAL coatings, ANTIREFLECTIVE coatings, YOUNG'S modulus, INTERFEROMETERS, LIGHT absorption, REFRACTIVE index
Abstract

We report on the results of an extensive campaign of optical and mechanical characterization of the ion-beam sputtered oxide layers (Ta2O5, TiO2, Ta2O5–TiO2, SiO2) within the high-reflection coatings of the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors: refractive index, thickness, optical absorption, composition, density, internal friction and elastic constants have been measured; the impact of deposition rate and post-deposition annealing on coating internal friction has been assessed. For Ta2O5 and SiO2 layers, coating internal friction increases with the deposition rate, whereas the annealing treatment either erases or largely reduces the gap between samples with different deposition history. For Ta2O5–TiO2 layers, the reduction of internal friction due to TiO2 doping becomes effective only if coupled with annealing. All measured samples showed a weak dependence of internal friction on frequency [ϕc(f) = afb, with −0.208 < b < 0.140 depending on the coating material considered]. SiO2 films showed a mode-dependent loss branching, likely due to spurious losses at the coated edge of the samples. The reference loss values of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo input (ITM) and end (ETM) mirror HR coatings have been updated by using our estimated value of Young’s modulus of Ta2O5–TiO2 layers (120 GPa) and are about 10% higher than previous estimations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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46. A Single-Point Terminal for Arctic Condition

Author

D. Forest-Dodelin and M.G. Lemoel

Subjects
Current (stream), Engineering, Arctic, Meteorology, Buoy, Terminal (electronics), business.industry, Cold climate, Catenary, Single point, Mooring, business, Marine engineering
Abstract

In November 1987 an order was placed for the designing and building of a new CALM (Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring) buoy which was to be anchored off the east coast of Canada. This buoy offered a technological challenge in design optimisation for three reasons: (1) The environmental conditions are very severe (cold climate, fast current). (2) The buoy is to include the latest technology in order to allow maximum operating service. (3) The limited space available on the buoy required a rather unusual detailed ergonomic analysis which resulted in optimum use of the available space.

Published
1989
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47. Chemistry Research and Development Semiannual Progress Report January through June 1974

Author

Robert D. Forest

Subjects
Engineering, Chemical technology, Pilot plant, business.industry, Process chemistry, Mechanical engineering, Instrumentation (computer programming), business, Construction engineering
Abstract

Progress is reported in a number of projects related to process chemistry, chemical technology, chemistry instrumentation, and pilot plant development, as well as miscellaneous staff projects.

Published
1974
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49. [Computerized dental tomography: technique with indications for future use]

Author

D, Forest, M, Dufresne, and H, Huneault

Subjects
Absorptiometry, Photon, Dental Implantation, Endosseous, Preoperative Care, Radiography, Dental, Humans, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract

This article relates to the technique of computerized tomography. New indications for this technique are described and especially those used in implantology. Several axial and coronal sections are presented.

Published
1989

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