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1. Measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in the quasi-elastic He→3(e→,e′p) process

Author

M. Mihovilovič, G. Jin, E. Long, Y.-W. Zhang, K. Allada, B. Anderson, J.R.M. Annand, T. Averett, W. Bertozzi, W. Boeglin, P. Bradshaw, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, G.D. Cates, C. Chen, J.P. Chen, E. Chudakov, R. De Leo, X. Deng, A. Deltuva, A. Deur, C. Dutta, L. El Fassi, D. Flay, S. Frullani, F. Garibaldi, H. Gao, S. Gilad, R. Gilman, O. Glamazdin, J. Golak, S. Golge, J. Gomez, O. Hansen, D.W. Higinbotham, T. Holmstrom, J. Huang, H. Ibrahim, C.W. de Jager, E. Jensen, X. Jiang, M. Jones, H. Kamada, H. Kang, J. Katich, H.P. Khanal, A. Kievsky, P. King, W. Korsch, J. LeRose, R. Lindgren, H.-J. Lu, W. Luo, L.E. Marcucci, P. Markowitz, M. Meziane, R. Michaels, B. Moffit, P. Monaghan, N. Muangma, S. Nanda, B.E. Norum, K. Pan, D.S. Parno, E. Piasetzky, M. Posik, V. Punjabi, A.J.R. Puckett, X. Qian, Y. Qiang, X. Qui, S. Riordan, A. Saha, P.U. Sauer, B. Sawatzky, R. Schiavilla, B. Schoenrock, M. Shabestari, A. Shahinyan, S. Širca, R. Skibiński, J. St. John, R. Subedi, V. Sulkosky, W. Tireman, W.A. Tobias, K. Topolnicki, G.M. Urciuoli, M. Viviani, D. Wang, K. Wang, Y. Wang, J. Watson, B. Wojtsekhowski, H. Witała, Z. Ye, X. Zhan, Y. Zhang, X. Zheng, B. Zhao, and L. Zhu

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We report on a precise measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in electron-induced breakup of He3 proceeding to pd and ppn final states, performed in quasi-elastic kinematics at Q2=0.25(GeV/c)2 for missing momenta up to 250MeV/c. These observables represent highly sensitive tools to investigate the electromagnetic and spin structure of He3 and the relative importance of two- and three-body effects involved in the breakup reaction dynamics. The measured asymmetries cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by state-of-the-art calculations of He3 unless their three-body segment is adjusted, indicating that the spin-dependent part of the nuclear interaction governing the three-body breakup process is much smaller than previously thought. Keywords: Double-polarization asymmetry, Helium-3 nucleus, Proton knock-out

Published
2019
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2. Measurement of the single-spin asymmetry Ay0 in quasi-elastic 3He↑(e,e′n) scattering at 0.4

Author

E. Long, Y.W. Zhang, M. Mihovilovič, G. Jin, V. Sulkosky, A. Kelleher, B. Anderson, D.W. Higinbotham, S. Širca, K. Allada, J.R.M. Annand, T. Averett, W. Bertozzi, W. Boeglin, P. Bradshaw, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, G.D. Cates, C. Chen, J.-P. Chen, E. Chudakov, R. De Leo, X. Deng, A. Deur, C. Dutta, L. El Fassi, D. Flay, S. Frullani, F. Garibaldi, H. Gao, S. Gilad, R. Gilman, O. Glamazdin, S. Golge, J. Gomez, J.-O. Hansen, T. Holmstrom, J. Huang, H. Ibrahim, C.W. de Jager, E. Jensen, X. Jiang, M. Jones, H. Kang, J. Katich, H.P. Khanal, P.M. King, W. Korsch, J. LeRose, R. Lindgren, H.-J. Lu, W. Luo, P. Markowitz, M. Meziane, R. Michaels, B. Moffit, P. Monaghan, N. Muangma, S. Nanda, B.E. Norum, K. Pan, D. Parno, E. Piasetzky, M. Posik, V. Punjabi, A.J.R. Puckett, X. Qian, Y. Qiang, X. Qui, S. Riordan, A. Saha, B. Sawatzky, M. Shabestari, A. Shahinyan, B. Shoenrock, J. St. John, R. Subedi, W.A. Tobias, W. Tireman, G.M. Urciuoli, D. Wang, K. Wang, Y. Wang, J. Watson, B. Wojtsekhowski, Z. Ye, X. Zhan, Y. Zhang, X. Zheng, B. Zhao, and L. Zhu

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Due to the lack of free neutron targets, studies of the structure of the neutron are typically made by scattering electrons from either 2H or 3He targets. In order to extract useful neutron information from a 3He target, one must understand how the neutron in a 3He system differs from a free neutron by taking into account nuclear effects such as final state interactions and meson exchange currents. The target single spin asymmetry Ay0 is an ideal probe of such effects, as any deviation from zero indicates effects beyond plane wave impulse approximation. New measurements of the target single spin asymmetry Ay0 at Q2 of 0.46 and 0.96 (GeV/c)2 were made at Jefferson Lab using the quasi-elastic He↑3(e,e′n) reaction. Our measured asymmetry decreases rapidly, from >20% at Q2=0.46 (GeV/c)2 to nearly zero at Q2=0.96 (GeV/c)2, demonstrating the fall-off of the reaction mechanism effects as Q2 increases. We also observed a small ϵ-dependent increase in Ay0 compared to previous measurements, particularly at moderate Q2. This indicates that upcoming high Q2 measurements from the Jefferson Lab 12 GeV program can cleanly probe neutron structure from polarized 3He using plane wave impulse approximation. Keywords: Neutron, Quasi-elastic, Polarized, 3He, Electron scattering, Single spin asymmetry

Published
2019
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3. A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton

Author

M. Defurne, A. Martí Jiménez-Argüello, Z. Ahmed, H. Albataineh, K. Allada, K. A. Aniol, V. Bellini, M. Benali, W. Boeglin, P. Bertin, M. Brossard, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, S. Chandavar, C. Chen, J.-P. Chen, C. W. de Jager, R. de Leo, C. Desnault, A. Deur, L. El Fassi, R. Ent, D. Flay, M. Friend, E. Fuchey, S. Frullani, F. Garibaldi, D. Gaskell, A. Giusa, O. Glamazdin, S. Golge, J. Gomez, O. Hansen, D. Higinbotham, T. Holmstrom, T. Horn, J. Huang, M. Huang, C. E. Hyde, S. Iqbal, F. Itard, H. Kang, A. Kelleher, C. Keppel, S. Koirala, I. Korover, J. J. LeRose, R. Lindgren, E. Long, M. Magne, J. Mammei, D. J. Margaziotis, P. Markowitz, M. Mazouz, F. Meddi, D. Meekins, R. Michaels, M. Mihovilovic, C. Muñoz Camacho, P. Nadel-Turonski, N. Nuruzzaman, R. Paremuzyan, A. Puckett, V. Punjabi, Y. Qiang, A. Rakhman, M. N. H. Rashad, S. Riordan, J. Roche, G. Russo, F. Sabatié, K. Saenboonruang, A. Saha, B. Sawatzky, L. Selvy, A. Shahinyan, S. Sirca, P. Solvignon, M. L. Sperduto, R. Subedi, V. Sulkosky, C. Sutera, W. A. Tobias, G. M. Urciuoli, D. Wang, B. Wojtsekhowski, H. Yao, Z. Ye, X. Zhan, J. Zhang, B. Zhao, Z. Zhao, X. Zheng, and P. Zhu

Subjects
Science
Abstract

It remains a challenge to find the structure and the distribution of the constituents of nucleons. Here the authors use a scattering method to get information about the gluons and quarks inside a proton and separate the contribution of Bethe-Heitler from the deeply virtual Compton scattering process.

Published
2017
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4. Electroexcitation of the Δ+(1232) at low momentum transfer

Author

A. Blomberg, D. Anez, N. Sparveris, A.J. Sarty, M. Paolone, S. Gilad, D. Higinbotham, Z. Ahmed, H. Albataineh, K. Allada, B. Anderson, K. Aniol, J. Annand, J. Arrington, T. Averett, H. Baghdasaryan, X. Bai, A. Beck, S. Beck, V. Bellini, F. Benmokhtar, W. Boeglin, C.M. Camacho, A. Camsonne, C. Chen, J.P. Chen, K. Chirapatpimol, E. Cisbani, M. Dalton, W. Deconinck, M. Defurne, R. De Leo, D. Flay, N. Fomin, M. Friend, S. Frullani, E. Fuchey, F. Garibaldi, R. Gilman, C. Gu, D. Hamilton, C. Hanretty, O. Hansen, M. Hashemi Shabestari, O. Hen, T. Holmstrom, M. Huang, S. Iqbal, N. Kalantarians, H. Kang, A. Kelleher, M. Khandaker, I. Korover, J. Leckey, J. LeRose, R. Lindgren, E. Long, J. Mammei, D.J. Margaziotis, A. Martí Jimenez-Arguello, D. Meekins, Z.E. Meziani, M. Mihovilovic, N. Muangma, B. Norum, Nuruzzaman, K. Pan, S. Phillips, E. Piasetzky, A. Polychronopoulou, I. Pomerantz, M. Posik, V. Punjabi, X. Qian, A. Rakhman, P.E. Reimer, S. Riordan, G. Ron, A. Saha, E. Schulte, L. Selvy, R. Shneor, S. Sirca, J. Sjoegren, R. Subedi, V. Sulkosky, W. Tireman, D. Wang, J. Watson, B. Wojtsekhowski, W. Yan, I. Yaron, Z. Ye, X. Zhan, J. Zhang, Y. Zhang, B. Zhao, Z. Zhao, X. Zheng, and P. Zhu

Subjects
CMR, Pion electroproduction, Nucleon deformation, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We report on new p(e,e′p)π∘ measurements at the Δ+(1232) resonance at the low momentum transfer region, where the mesonic cloud dynamics is predicted to be dominant and rapidly changing, offering a test bed for chiral effective field theory calculations. The new data explore the Q2 dependence of the resonant quadrupole amplitudes and for the first time indicate that the Electric and the Coulomb quadrupole amplitudes converge as Q2→0. The measurements of the Coulomb quadrupole amplitude have been extended to the lowest momentum transfer ever reached, and suggest that more than half of its magnitude is attributed to the mesonic cloud in this region. The new data disagree with predictions of constituent quark models and are in reasonable agreement with dynamical calculations that include pion cloud effects, chiral effective field theory and lattice calculations. The measurements indicate that improvement is required to the theoretical calculations and provide valuable input that will allow their refinements.

Published
2016
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5. Precision measurements of A1n in the deep inelastic regime

Author

D.S. Parno, D. Flay, M. Posik, K. Allada, W. Armstrong, T. Averett, F. Benmokhtar, W. Bertozzi, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, G.D. Cates, C. Chen, J.-P. Chen, S. Choi, E. Chudakov, F. Cusanno, M.M. Dalton, W. Deconinck, C.W. de Jager, X. Deng, A. Deur, C. Dutta, L. El Fassi, G.B. Franklin, M. Friend, H. Gao, F. Garibaldi, S. Gilad, R. Gilman, O. Glamazdin, S. Golge, J. Gomez, L. Guo, O. Hansen, D.W. Higinbotham, T. Holmstrom, J. Huang, C. Hyde, H.F. Ibrahim, X. Jiang, G. Jin, J. Katich, A. Kelleher, A. Kolarkar, W. Korsch, G. Kumbartzki, J.J. LeRose, R. Lindgren, N. Liyanage, E. Long, A. Lukhanin, V. Mamyan, D. McNulty, Z.-E. Meziani, R. Michaels, M. Mihovilovič, B. Moffit, N. Muangma, S. Nanda, A. Narayan, V. Nelyubin, B. Norum, Nuruzzaman, Y. Oh, J.C. Peng, X. Qian, Y. Qiang, A. Rakhman, S. Riordan, A. Saha, B. Sawatzky, M.H. Shabestari, A. Shahinyan, S. Širca, P. Solvignon, R. Subedi, V. Sulkosky, W.A. Tobias, W. Troth, D. Wang, Y. Wang, B. Wojtsekhowski, X. Yan, H. Yao, Y. Ye, Z. Ye, L. Yuan, X. Zhan, Y. Zhang, Y.-W. Zhang, B. Zhao, and X. Zheng

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We have performed precision measurements of the double-spin virtual-photon asymmetry A1 on the neutron in the deep inelastic scattering regime, using an open-geometry, large-acceptance spectrometer and a longitudinally and transversely polarized 3He target. Our data cover a wide kinematic range 0.277≤x≤0.548 at an average Q2 value of 3.078 (GeV/c)2, doubling the available high-precision neutron data in this x range. We have combined our results with world data on proton targets to make a leading-order extraction of the ratio of polarized-to-unpolarized parton distribution functions for up quarks and for down quarks in the same kinematic range. Our data are consistent with a previous observation of an A1n zero crossing near x=0.5. We find no evidence of a transition to a positive slope in (Δd+Δd¯)/(d+d¯) up to x=0.548. Keywords: Spin structure functions, Nucleon structure, Parton distribution functions, Polarized electron scattering

Published
2015
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6. High-Accuracy Absolute Magnetometry with Application to the Fermilab Muon $g-2$ Experiment

Author

D. Flay, D. Kawall, T. Chupp, S. Corrodi, M. Farooq, M. Fertl, J. George, J. Grange, R. Hong, R. Osofsky, S. Ramachandran, E. Swanson, and P. Winter

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, 010305 fluids & plasmas
Abstract

We present details of a high-accuracy absolute scalar magnetometer based on pulsed proton NMR. The B-field magnitude is determined from the precession frequency of proton spins in a cylindrical sample of water after accounting for field perturbations from probe materials, sample shape, and other corrections. Features of the design, testing procedures, and corrections necessary for qualification as an absolute scalar magnetometer are described. The device was tested at B = 1.45 T but can be modified for a range exceeding 1–3 T. The magnetometer was used to calibrate other NMR magnetometers and measure absolute magnetic field magnitudes to an accuracy of 19 parts per billion as part of a measurement of the muon magnetic moment anomaly at Fermilab.

Published
2021

7. Measurement of the anomalous precession frequency of the muon in the Fermilab Muon <math><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math> Experiment

Author

P. Bloom, P. Kammel, Timothy Chupp, C. Schlesier, P. Girotti, M. J. Lee, A. Nath, Frederick Gray, C. Gabbanini, D. Shemyakin, C. C. Polly, L. Cotrozzi, V. N. Duginov, G. Venanzoni, T. Stuttard, G. Lukicov, M. Iacovacci, H. E. Swanson, T. P. Gorringe, B. C.K. Casey, J. Grange, N. H. Tran, K. W. Hong, K. T. Pitts, R. T. Chislett, Fabrizio Marignetti, A. Lucà, Martin Fertl, E. Barlas-Yucel, J. George, A. Kuchibhotla, Dariush Hampai, T. Walton, D. Cauz, G. Sweetmore, J. Bono, I. R. Bailey, Dinko Pocanic, J. L. Holzbauer, Gavin Grant Hesketh, J. L. Ritchie, Alexander Keshavarzi, H. P. Binney, A. García, Manolis Kargiantoulakis, A. Basti, Barry King, B. MacCoy, M. Kiburg, David Rubin, Alexey Anisenkov, V. Tishchenko, Marin Karuza, H. Nguyen, P. Di Meo, Claudio Ferrari, N. Kinnaird, Liang Li, L. K. Gibbons, N. Raha, R. Chakraborty, D. Flay, R. N. Pilato, M. Incagli, M. Lancaster, Michael Syphers, S. Baeßler, T. J. V. Bowcock, J. LaBounty, G. M. Piacentino, D. Vasilkova, S. Park, A. Lusiani, T. Albahri, R. Madrak, Z. Hodge, Dominik Stöckinger, A. Chapelain, Brad Plaster, R. M. Carey, Dongdong Li, J. D. Crnkovic, D. W. Hertzog, Selcuk Haciomeroglu, J. P. Miller, Andrzej Wolski, Tabitha Halewood-leagas, Franco Bedeschi, B. L. Roberts, S. Grant, J. Fry, Kyoko Makino, J.B. Hempstead, S. Di Falco, K. S. Khaw, W. Turner, Z. Chu, A. T. Herrod, J. D. Price, T. Barrett, N. V. Khomutov, M. Farooq, P. Winter, J. Stapleton, R. Fatemi, D. Kawall, S. Charity, L. Santi, A. Schreckenberger, E. Valetov, B. Quinn, Yannis K. Semertzidis, B. Li, K. L. Giovanetti, A. E. Tewsley-Booth, S. Lee, Ran Hong, S. Leo, M. D. Galati, A.T. Fienberg, Sultan B. Dabagov, S. P. Chang, L. Kelton, G. Pauletta, Rachel Osofsky, G. Di Sciascio, S. Ganguly, D.A. Sweigart, Meghna Bhattacharya, Thomas Teubner, A. Gioiosa, S. Miozzi, B. Kiburg, J. Esquivel, A. Lorente Campos, David Kessler, E. Bottalico, M. Sorbara, Christopher Stoughton, J. Mott, Kayleigh Anne Thomson, Giovanni Cantatore, A. Fioretti, A. Anastasi, Wanwei Wu, Karie Badgley, S. Mastroianni, O. Kim, William Morse, L. Welty-Rieger, A. L. Lyon, A. Hibbert, A. Weisskopf, P. T. Debevec, W. Gohn, E. J. Ramberg, R. Di Stefano, E. Kraegeloh, Martin Berz, Z. Khechadoorian, S. Ramachandran, D. Stratakis, S. Corrodi, D. A. Tarazona, V. A. Baranov, J. Choi, F. Han, Nicholas A. Pohlman, M. Eads, I. Logashenko, N. A. Kuchinskiy, M. W. Smith, Y. I. Kim, A. Driutti, J. Kaspar, K. R. Labe, N. S. Froemming, E. Frlež, Albahri, T., Anastasi, A., Anisenkov, A., Badgley, K., Baeßler, S., Bailey, I., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Basti, A., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chang, S. P., Chapelain, A., Charity, S., Chislett, R., Choi, J., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Frlež, E., Froemming, N. S., Fry, J., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Herrod, A. T., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Holzbauer, J. L., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kim, Y. I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Kraegeloh, E., Kuchibhotla, A., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., Labounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. J., Lee, S., Leo, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Lorente Campos, A., Lucà, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., Maccoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Nguyen, H., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Počanić, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Ritchie, J. L., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shemyakin, D., Smith, M. W., Sorbara, M., Stöckinger, D., Stapleton, J., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Thomson, K., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wolski, A., and Wu, W.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Measure (physics), FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Omega, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), muon, 0103 physical sciences, Fermilab, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Larmor precession, Physics, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, anomalous magnetic moment, 3. Good health, Magnetic field, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Storage ring, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

The Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) has measured the muon anomalous precession frequency $\omega_a$ to an uncertainty of 434 parts per billion (ppb), statistical, and 56 ppb, systematic, with data collected in four storage ring configurations during its first physics run in 2018. When combined with a precision measurement of the magnetic field of the experiment's muon storage ring, the precession frequency measurement determines a muon magnetic anomaly of $a_{\mu}({\rm FNAL}) = 116\,592\,040(54) \times 10^{-11}$ (0.46 ppm). This article describes the multiple techniques employed in the reconstruction, analysis and fitting of the data to measure the precession frequency. It also presents the averaging of the results from the eleven separate determinations of \omega_a, and the systematic uncertainties on the result., Comment: 29 pages, 19 figures. Published in Physical Review D

Published
2021

8. Systematic and statistical uncertainties of the hilbert-transform based high-precision FID frequency extraction method

Author

Ran Hong, B. Kiburg, H. E. Swanson, D. Kawall, Martin Fertl, Suvarna Ramachandran, Jimin George, J. Grange, Alejandro Garcia, Kyun Woo Hong, Simon Corrodi, A. E. Tewsley-Booth, D. Flay, Kevin Giovanetti, Timothy Gorringe, Bingzhi Li, Kai Zheng, J. Bono, Tianyu Yang, Liang Li, M. W. Smith, Rachel Osofsky, P. Winter, Timothy Chupp, Dinko Pocanic, Saskia Charity, and S. Baeßler

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Larmor precession, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Noise (signal processing), Covariance matrix, Mathematical analysis, Biophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Absolute value, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Signal, Free induction decay, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Hilbert transform, Uncertainty analysis
Abstract

Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is widely used in high-precision magnetic field measurements. The absolute value of the magnetic field is determined from the precession frequency of nuclear magnetic moments. The Hilbert transform is one of the methods that have been used to extract the phase function from the observed free induction decay (FID) signal and then its frequency. In this paper, a detailed implementation of a Hilbert-transform based FID frequency extraction method is described, and it is briefly compared with other commonly used frequency extraction methods. How artifacts and noise level in the FID signal affect the extracted phase function are derived analytically. A method of mitigating the artifacts in the extracted phase function of an FID is discussed. Correlations between noises of the phase function samples are studied for different noise spectra. We discovered that the error covariance matrix for the extracted phase function is nearly singular and improper for constructing the χ 2 used in the fitting routine. A down-sampling method for fixing the singular covariance matrix has been developed, so that the minimum χ 2 -fit yields properly the statistical uncertainty of the extracted frequency. Other practical methods of obtaining the statistical uncertainty are also discussed.

Published
2021

9. An experimental program with high duty-cycle polarized and unpolarized positron beams at Jefferson Lab

Author

Anthony W. Thomas, M. Battaglieri, R. De Vita, D. Marchand, Latifa Elouadrhiri, S. Habet, Hubert Spiesberger, P. Gueye, David Hamilton, Giovanni Salmè, A. Filippi, Pete Markowitz, D. Perera, G. Kalicy, M. Muhoza, N. Kalantarians, H. Atac, M. Khandaker, J. Xie, F. Sabatié, M. Mazouz, Ashot Gasparian, I.P. Fernando, V. Klimenko, T. A. Forest, D. McNulty, Z. E. Meziani, M. Boer, M. McCaughan, A. Asaturyan, J. P. Chen, V. Kozhuharov, S. Stepanyan, Simonetta Liuti, T. Patel, Alberto Accardi, M. Spata, Andrew Puckett, Andreas Metz, Salina Ali, V. Bellini, L. Barion, V. V. Berdnikov, Alexandre Camsonne, P. E. Reimer, M. Shabestari, P. Bisio, Simon Širca, T. Averett, J. Kim, Nikolaos Sparveris, M. Poelker, M. Spreafico, H. F. Ibrahim, Dipangkar Dutta, V. Bertone, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, Ross Milner, H. Avakian, C. E. Hyde, P. M. King, Marc Vanderhaeghen, A. Somov, Yulia Furletova, Miha Mihovilovič, V. Tadevosyan, P. Sznajder, S. Migliorati, R. S. Beminiwattha, T. Chetry, M. Guidal, Olfred Hansen, T. Kutz, Z. W. Zhao, Barbara Pasquini, Eric Voutier, L. Lanza, M. J. Amaryan, J. R. M. Annand, Fatiha Benmokhtar, T. Gautam, H. Voskanyan, Richard Trotta, Ian L. Pegg, J. F. Owens, W. J. Briscoe, Jingyi Zhou, P. Valente, M. N. H. Rashad, Gordan Krnjaic, P. Lenisa, Elena Santopinto, Joseph Grames, M. Leali, S. Zhamkochyan, M. Caudron, Kai-Thomas Brinkmann, Elton Smith, L. Marsicano, Andrei Afanasev, Luciano Pappalardo, M. Carmignotto, Donal Day, L. Venturelli, Eugene Pasyuk, M. Ungaro, C. Peng, L. Causse, D. Hasell, G. Costantini, Douglas Higinbotham, N. D’Hose, J. Murphy, P. Chatagnon, R. Dupré, M. Bondì, Alexander Ilyichev, Matteo Rinaldi, P. Stoler, Brian Raue, G. N. Grauvogel, R. Santos Estrada, Kondo Gnanvo, K. Price, Q. Liu, S. Diehl, J. Nazeer, Y. G. Sharabian, X. Zheng, S. Niccolai, P. G. Blunden, J. Arrington, Riad Suleiman, J. Erler, S. Joosten, Andrea Bianconi, H.-S. Ko, P. L. Cole, Nilanga Liyanage, I. Albayrak, K. Joo, Jan C. Bernauer, F.-X. Girod, D. Gaskell, A. Kim, Juliette Mammei, A. Italiano, M. Hattawy, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, I. I. Strakovsky, M. Yurov, N. Randazzo, A. Deur, Wally Melnitchouk, H.-G. Zaunick, Michael Kohl, A. D'Angelo, E. Nardi, M. Paolone, C. Zorn, L. El Fassi, B. T. Kriesten, L. Darmé, M. Rathnayake, A. Shahinyan, Jie Zhang, Alessandro Rizzo, D. Flay, W. Xiong, H. Dutrieux, V. Sergeyeva, S. Zhang, E. R. Kinney, Hervé Moutarde, B. Dongwi, Axel Schmidt, Rolf Ent, S. Zhao, Volker D. Burkert, A. S. Tadepalli, A. S. Biselli, Tanja Horn, G. Niculescu, T. Cao, A. Celentano, P. Nadel-Turonski, Ethan Cline, J. Roche, B. Karky, M. Contalbrigo, H. Szumila-Vance, S. Fucini, O. Rondon-Aramayo, M. De Napoli, V. Mascagna, E. Fuchey, L. Cardman, G. Ciullo, Haiyan Gao, Cynthia Keppel, M. Ehrhart, A. Movsisyan, R. Novotny, A. Hobart, Sergio Scopetta, B. McKinnon, S. A. Wood, H. Mkrtchyan, M. Tiefenback, C. Munoz Camacho, Xinzhan Bai, R. Paremuzyan, B. Sawatzky, D. Sokhan, M. Suresh, Markus Diefenthaler, Z. Ye, Mauro Raggi, M. Kerver, Y. Roblin, A. Mkrtchyan, V. P. Kubarovsky, R. Capobianco, T. J. Hague, Dustin Keller, Sonny Mantry, Vladimir Khachatryan, Peter Schweitzer, Michael Wood, Maxime Defurne, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
cross-section, ratio, Photon, parton distributions, elastic scattering, Parton, polarized beam, Electron, Leptons Accelerators, Structure of Nucleons, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Dark photon, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Positron, Economica, electromagnetic form-factors, virtual compton-scattering, generalized, squared 4-momentum transfers, lepton-flavor, violation, electron-proton, parity violation, pair production, Physics, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Elastic scattering, Dark sector, JLab, dark photon, Settore FIS/04, lepton: flavor: violation, nucleon: generalized parton distribution, 3. Good health, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Elastic and deep inelastic Scattering, Nucleon, Jefferson Lab, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, nucleon: form factor: electromagnetic, FOS: Physical sciences, Socio-culturale, helium: target, Context (language use), [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear physics, PE2_2, PE2_1, deeply virtual Compton scattering, 0103 physical sciences, quantum chromodynamics, 010306 general physics, PE2_3, activity report, exchange: two-photon, electroweak interaction, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Ambientale, positron: beam, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], charge: asymmetry, Positron Beams, Physics::Accelerator Physics, proposal, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

Positron beams, both polarized and unpolarized, are identified as essential ingredients for the experimental programs at the next generation of lepton accelerators. In the context of the hadronic physics program at Jefferson Lab (JLab), positron beams are complementary, even essential, tools for a precise understanding of the electromagnetic structure of nucleons and nuclei, in both the elastic and deep-inelastic regimes. For instance, elastic scattering of polarized and unpolarized electrons and positrons from the nucleon enables a model independent determination of its electromagnetic form factors. Also, the deeply-virtual scattering of polarized and unpolarized electrons and positrons allows unambiguous separation of the different contributions to the cross section of the lepto-production of photons and of lepton-pairs, enabling an accurate determination of the nucleons and nuclei generalized parton distributions, and providing an access to the gravitational form factors. Furthermore, positron beams offer the possibility of alternative tests of the Standard Model of particle physics through the search of a dark photon, the precise measurement of electroweak couplings, and the investigation of charged lepton flavor violation. This document discusses the perspectives of an experimental program with high duty-cycle positron beams at JLab., Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures This version superseeds the previous version which scientific content was decomposed into several more elaborated articles. All of these articles will be collected in the EPJ A Topical Issue about "Positron beam and physics at Jefferson Lab (e+@Jlab)"

Published
2021

10. Measurement of the anomalous precession frequency of the muon in the Fermilab Muon Experiment

Author

T. Albahri, A. Anastasi, A. Anisenkov, K. Badgley, S. Bae??ler, I. Bailey, V. ???A. Baranov, E. Barlas-Yucel, T. Barrett, A. Basti, F. Bedeschi, M. Berz, M. Bhattacharya, H. ???P. Binney, P. Bloom, J. Bono, E. Bottalico, T. Bowcock, G. Cantatore, R. ???M. Carey, B. ???C. ???K. Casey, D. Cauz, R. Chakraborty, S. ???P. Chang, A. Chapelain, S. Charity, R. Chislett, J. Choi, Z. Chu, T. ???E. Chupp, S. Corrodi, L. Cotrozzi, J. ???D. Crnkovic, S. Dabagov, P. ???T. Debevec, S. Di Falco, P. Di Meo, G. Di Sciascio, R. Di Stefano, A. Driutti, V. ???N. Duginov, M. Eads, J. Esquivel, M. Farooq, R. Fatemi, C. Ferrari, M. Fertl, A. ???T. Fienberg, A. Fioretti, D. Flay, E. Frle??, N. ???S. Froemming, J. Fry, C. Gabbanini, M. ???D. Galati, S. Ganguly, A. Garcia, J. George, L. ???K. Gibbons, A. Gioiosa, K. ???L. Giovanetti, P. Girotti, W. Gohn, T. Gorringe, J. Grange, S. Grant, F. Gray, S. Haciomeroglu, T. Halewood-Leagas, D. Hampai, F. Han, J. Hempstead, A. ???T. Herrod, D. ???W. Hertzog, G. Hesketh, A. Hibbert, Z. Hodge, J. ???L. Holzbauer, K. ???W. Hong, R. Hong, M. Iacovacci, M. Incagli, P. Kammel, M. Kargiantoulakis, M. Karuza, J. Kaspar, D. Kawall, L. Kelton, A. Keshavarzi, D. Kessler, K. ???S. Khaw, Z. Khechadoorian, N. ???V. Khomutov, B. Kiburg, M. Kiburg, O. Kim, Y. ???I. Kim, B. King, N. Kinnaird, E. Kraegeloh, A. Kuchibhotla, N. ???A. Kuchinskiy, K. ???R. Labe, J. LaBounty, M. Lancaster, M. ???J. Lee, S. Lee, S. Leo, B. Li, D. Li, L. Li, I. Logashenko, A. Lorente Campos, A. Luc??, G. Lukicov, A. Lusiani, A. ???L. Lyon, B. MacCoy, R. Madrak, K. Makino, F. Marignetti, S. Mastroianni, J. ???P. Miller, S. Miozzi, W. ???M. Morse, J. Mott, A. Nath, H. Nguyen, R. Osofsky, S. Park, G. Pauletta, G. ???M. Piacentino, R. ???N. Pilato, K. ???T. Pitts, B. Plaster, D. Po??ani??, N. Pohlman, C. ???C. Polly, J. Price, B. Quinn, N. Raha, S. Ramachandran, E. Ramberg, J. ???L. Ritchie, B. ???L. Roberts, D. ???L. Rubin, L. Santi, C. Schlesier, A. Schreckenberger, Y. ???K. Semertzidis, D. Shemyakin, M. ???W. Smith, M. Sorbara, D. St??ckinger, J. Stapleton, C. Stoughton, D. Stratakis, T. Stuttard, H. ???E. Swanson, G. Sweetmore, D. ???A. Sweigart, M. ???J. Syphers, D. ???A. Tarazona, T. Teubner, A. ???E. Tewsley-Booth, K. Thomson, V. Tishchenko, N. ???H. Tran, W. Turner, E. Valetov, D. Vasilkova, G. Venanzoni, T. Walton, A. Weisskopf, L. Welty-Rieger, P. Winter, A. Wolski, W. Wu, Albahri, T., Anastasi, A., Anisenkov, A., Badgley, K., Bae??ler, S., Bailey, I., Baranov, V. ???A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Basti, A., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. ???P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. ???M., Casey, B. ???C. ???K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chang, S. ???P., Chapelain, A., Charity, S., Chislett, R., Choi, J., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. ???E., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. ???D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. ???T., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. ???N., Eads, M., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A. ???T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Frle??, E., Froemming, N. ???S., Fry, J., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. ???D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. ???K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. ???L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Herrod, A. ???T., Hertzog, D. ???W., Hesketh, G., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Holzbauer, J. ???L., Hong, K. ???W., Hong, R., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D., Khaw, K. ???S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. ???V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kim, Y. ???I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Kraegeloh, E., Kuchibhotla, A., Kuchinskiy, N. ???A., Labe, K. ???R., Labounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. ???J., Lee, S., Leo, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Lorente Campos, A., Luc??, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. ???L., Maccoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. ???P., Miozzi, S., Morse, W. ???M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Nguyen, H., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. ???M., Pilato, R. ???N., Pitts, K. ???T., Plaster, B., Po??ani??, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. ???C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Ritchie, J. ???L., Roberts, B. ???L., Rubin, D. ???L., Santi, L., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. ???K., Shemyakin, D., Smith, M. ???W., Sorbara, M., St??ckinger, D., Stapleton, J., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. ???E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. ???A., Syphers, M. ???J., Tarazona, D. ???A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. ???E., Thomson, K., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. ???H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wolski, A., and Wu, W.

Abstract

The Muon g−2 Experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) has measured the muon anomalous precession frequency ωma to an uncertainty of 434 parts per billion (ppb), statistical, and 56 ppb, systematic, with data collected in four storage ring configurations during its first physics run in 2018. When combined with a precision measurement of the magnetic field of the experiment’s muon storage ring, the precession frequency measurement determines a muon magnetic anomaly of aμ(FNAL)=116592040(54)×10−11 (0.46 ppm). This article describes the multiple techniques employed in the reconstruction, analysis, and fitting of the data to measure the precession frequency. It also presents the averaging of the results from the 11 separate determinations of ωma, and the systematic uncertainties on the result.

Published
2021

11. Magnetic Field Measurement and Analysis for the Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab

Author

Z. Chu, M. Eads, M. Lancaster, T. Halewood-Leagas, D. Flay, I. Logashenko, N. A. Kuchinskiy, M. W. Smith, Y. I. Kim, S.B. Dabagov, B. MacCoy, N. H. Tran, K. W. Hong, Liang Li, L. Santi, A. Chapelain, K. S. Khaw, K. T. Pitts, R. Fatemi, I. R. Bailey, E. Bottalico, Andrzej Wolski, R. N. Pilato, P. Bloom, M. Iacovacci, G. Pauletta, M. Incagli, R. Di Stefano, Timothy Chupp, E. Barlas-Yucel, G. Di Sciascio, G. Sweetmore, D. Cauz, P. Girotti, H. Nguyen, Thomas Teubner, D.A. Sweigart, A. E. Tewsley-Booth, G. Piacentino, D. Stöckinger, Karie Badgley, L. Kelton, P. Winter, Brad Plaster, J. L. Holzbauer, R. Chislett, B. Quinn, R. M. Carey, A. Conway, Kyoko Makino, A. Hibbert, B. C. K. Casey, A. Driutti, J. George, A. Lorente Campos, W. Turner, A. Lucà, S. Ramachandran, W. Wu, G. Hesketh, E. Valetov, E. Kraegeloh, Franco Bedeschi, A. Gioiosa, P. T. Debevec, L. Cotrozzi, V. N. Duginov, S. Corrodi, S. Miozzi, Yannis K. Semertzidis, M. J. Lee, S. Mastroianni, P. Di Meo, Martin Berz, K. L. Giovanetti, D. Stratakis, G. Lukicov, C. Gabbanini, J.B. Hempstead, A. Weisskopf, V. Tishchenko, B. Kiburg, H. E. Swanson, O. Kim, Michael Syphers, R. Osofsky, T. Stuttard, J. Esquivel, Dariush Hampai, T. J. V. Bowcock, Adam L. Lyon, Z. Khechadoorian, Meghna Bhattacharya, T. Barrett, Martin Fertl, D. Shemyakin, V. A. Baranov, Manolis Kargiantoulakis, R. Madrak, Marin Karuza, D. Vasilkova, S. Park, N. Kinnaird, A. Lusiani, T. Albahri, E. Ramberg, Nicholas A. Pohlman, D. Kawall, A. Schreckenberger, J. L. Ritchie, A. T. Herrod, Selcuk Haciomeroglu, L. K. Gibbons, J. Stapleton, Fabrizio Marignetti, K. Thomson, J. LaBounty, W. Gohn, G. Venanzoni, B. Li, Claudio Ferrari, Dinko Pocanic, S. P. Chang, S. Charity, T. Walton, T. P. Gorringe, Benjamin T. King, A. Fioretti, A. Anastasi, Sudeshna Ganguly, S. Lee, Ran Hong, M. D. Galati, A.T. Fienberg, William Morse, L. Welty-Rieger, Alejandro Garcia, J. Grange, J. Choi, Dongdong Li, D. W. Hertzog, A. Keshavarzi, M. Sorbara, F. Han, J. Bono, J. Mott, P. Kammel, C. Schlesier, Giovanni Cantatore, S. Di Falco, R. Chakraborty, C. C. Polly, J. P. Miller, M. Kiburg, J. Kaspar, David Rubin, S. Baeßler, K. R. Labe, N. S. Froemming, H. P. Binney, B. L. Roberts, S. Grant, J. Price, N. Raha, Z. Hodge, N. V. Khomutov, M. Farooq, Jason Crnkovic, D. A. Tarazona, C. Stoughton, A. Nath, Frederick Gray, David Kessler, Albahri, T., Anastasi, A., Badgley, K., Baessler, S., Bailey, I., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chang, S. P., Chapelain, A., Charity, S., Chislett, R., Choi, J., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Conway, A., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Froemming, N. S., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Herrod, A. T., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Holzbauer, J. L., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kim, Y. I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Kraegeloh, E., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., Labounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. J., Lee, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Lorente Campos, A., Luca, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., Maccoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Nguyen, H., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Pocanic, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Ritchie, J. L., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shemyakin, D., Smith, M. W., Sorbara, M., Stockinger, D., Stapleton, J., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Thomson, K., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wolski, A., Wu, W., Baeßler, S., Lucà, A., Počanić, D., and Stöckinger, D.

Subjects
Field (physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Omega, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), muon, 0103 physical sciences, Proton spin crisis, Fermilab, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Larmor precession, Physics, Muon, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, VACUUM POLARIZATION CONTRIBUTIONSTEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCEPROTON NMRMOMENTSUSCEPTIBILITYTERMS, anomalous magnetic moment, Muon g-2 Experiment, anomalous precession frequency, Magnetic field, anomalous precession frequency, Muon g-2 Experiment, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

The Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory has measured the anomalous precession frequency $a^{}_\mu = (g^{}_\mu-2)/2$ of the muon to a combined precision of 0.46 parts per million with data collected during its first physics run in 2018. This paper documents the measurement of the magnetic field in the muon storage ring. The magnetic field is monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance systems and calibrated in terms of the equivalent proton spin precession frequency in a spherical water sample at 34.7$^\circ$C. The measured field is weighted by the muon distribution resulting in $\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$, the denominator in the ratio $\omega^{}_a$/$\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$ that together with known fundamental constants yields $a^{}_\mu$. The reported uncertainty on $\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$ for the Run-1 data set is 114 ppb consisting of uncertainty contributions from frequency extraction, calibration, mapping, tracking, and averaging of 56 ppb, and contributions from fast transient fields of 99 ppb., Comment: Added one citation and corrected missing normalization in Eqs (35) and (36)

Published
2021
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12. Beam dynamics corrections to the Run-1 measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment at Fermilab

Author

K. S. Khaw, C. Schlesier, Diktys Stratakis, R. Fatemi, S. Corrodi, D. Newton, K. T. Pitts, R. T. Chislett, L. K. Gibbons, Kyoko Makino, E. Bottalico, A. Gioiosa, J. LaBounty, J. Bono, I. R. Bailey, P. Kammel, D. Kawall, T. J. V. Bowcock, H. P. Binney, W. Turner, A. T. Herrod, S. Miozzi, A. Schreckenberger, E. Valetov, N. H. Tran, K. W. Hong, J. Esquivel, M. Sorbara, Christopher Stoughton, Fabrizio Marignetti, A. Lucà, L. Kelton, M. Eads, D. Stöckinger, T. Barrett, G. Piacentino, J. Mott, S. Baeßler, Bck Casey, Kayleigh Anne Thomson, Giovanni Cantatore, Rachel Osofsky, M. Kiburg, E. Barlas-Yucel, Michael Syphers, C. C. Polly, J. Choi, R. Chakraborty, D. Flay, David Rubin, J. Grange, N. A. Kuchinskiy, M. W. Smith, G. Lukicov, M. Iacovacci, G. Pauletta, J. L. Ritchie, B. MacCoy, L. Cotrozzi, V. N. Duginov, A. Lorente Campos, S. Lee, Ran Hong, G. Sweetmore, D.A. Sweigart, M. Korostelev, Dongdong Li, D. W. Hertzog, Alexander Keshavarzi, G. Di Sciascio, Alejandro L. Garcia, Liang Li, F. Han, D. Sathyan, A.T. Fienberg, Sultan B. Dabagov, M. J. Lee, S. P. Chang, Benjamin T. King, Marin Karuza, R. N. Pilato, M. Incagli, J.B. Hempstead, B. Quinn, L. Santi, N. Kinnaird, F. Gray, P. Winter, L. Welty-Rieger, Meghna Bhattacharya, H. Nguyen, P. Di Meo, T. Stuttard, A. L. Lyon, David Kessler, A. Chapelain, J. Kaspar, B. Li, Galati, Sudeshna Ganguly, Andrzej Wolski, A. Driutti, D. A. Tarazona, Brad Plaster, R. M. Carey, D. Cauz, G. Venanzoni, J. Fry, B. Kiburg, J. P. Miller, W. Gohn, B. L. Roberts, S. Grant, V. A. Baranov, Nicholas A. Pohlman, N. V. Khomutov, M. Farooq, Jason Crnkovic, A. Hibbert, K. R. Labe, P. T. Debevec, Thomas Teubner, S. Di Falco, J. D. Price, Yi Kim, I.B. Logashenko, Yannis K. Semertzidis, K. L. Giovanetti, A. E. Tewsley-Booth, E. Frlež, Martin Berz, S. Charity, T. Walton, Z. Khechadoorian, S. Ramachandran, A. Fiedler, T. P. Gorringe, William Morse, A. Fioretti, A. Anastasi, O. Kim, A. Weisskopf, Wanwei Wu, Karie Badgley, S. Mastroianni, J. L. Holzbauer, Manolis Kargiantoulakis, S. Park, A. Lusiani, T. Albahri, R. Madrak, Selcuk Haciomeroglu, Z. Chu, Dariush Hampai, Gavin Grant Hesketh, J. George, Tishchenko, D. Vasilkova, Franco Bedeschi, P. Bloom, Timothy Chupp, P. Girotti, Nathan Froemming, J. Stapleton, Dinko Pocanic, M. Lancaster, C. Gabbanini, N. Raha, H. E. Swanson, Martin Fertl, Z. Hodge, Tabitha Halewood-leagas, E. J. Ramberg, A. Nath, R. Di Stefano, E. Kraegeloh, Claudio Ferrari, Albahri, T., Anastasi, A., Badgley, K., Baessler, S., Bailey, I., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chang, S. P., Chapelain, A., Charity, S., Chislett, R., Choi, J., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fiedler, A., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Frlez, E., Froemming, N. S., Fry, J., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Herrod, A. T., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Holzbauer, J. L., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kim, Y. I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Korostelev, M., Kraegeloh, E., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., Labounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. J., Lee, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Lorente Campos, A., Luca, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., Maccoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Newton, D., Nguyen, H., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Pocanic, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Ritchie, J. L., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Sathyan, D., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Smith, M. W., Sorbara, M., Stockinger, D., Stapleton, J., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Thomson, K., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wolski, A., and Wu, W.

Subjects
Larmor precession, Physics, Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Anomalous magnetic dipole moment, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Surfaces and Interfaces, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Magnetic field, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), muon magnetic anomaly, 0103 physical sciences, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Fermilab, Pitch angle, 010306 general physics, G-2 EXPERIMENTFREQUENCY, Storage ring, Beam (structure)
Abstract

This paper presents the beam dynamics systematic corrections and their uncertainties for the Run-1 data set of the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment. Two corrections to the measured muon precession frequency $\omega_a^m$ are associated with well-known effects owing to the use of electrostatic quadrupole (ESQ) vertical focusing in the storage ring. An average vertically oriented motional magnetic field is felt by relativistic muons passing transversely through the radial electric field components created by the ESQ system. The correction depends on the stored momentum distribution and the tunes of the ring, which has relatively weak vertical focusing. Vertical betatron motions imply that the muons do not orbit the ring in a plane exactly orthogonal to the vertical magnetic field direction. A correction is necessary to account for an average pitch angle associated with their trajectories. A third small correction is necessary because muons that escape the ring during the storage time are slightly biased in initial spin phase compared to the parent distribution. Finally, because two high-voltage resistors in the ESQ network had longer than designed RC time constants, the vertical and horizontal centroids and envelopes of the stored muon beam drifted slightly, but coherently, during each storage ring fill. This led to the discovery of an important phase-acceptance relationship that requires a correction. The sum of the corrections to $\omega_a^m$ is 0.50 $\pm$ 0.09 ppm; the uncertainty is small compared to the 0.43 ppm statistical precision of $\omega_a^m$., Comment: 35 pages, 29 figures. Accepted by Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

Published
2021
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13. Absolute Magnetometry with He3

Author

Midhat Farooq, Natasha Sachdeva, Timothy Chupp, P. Winter, Joe Grange, D. Flay, D. Kawall, and A. E. Tewsley-Booth

Subjects
Physics, Muon, Spins, Magnetic moment, Magnetometer, Electron shell, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Optical pumping, Magnetization, law, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract

We report development of a highly accurate (parts per billion) absolute magnetometer based on $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ NMR. Optical pumping polarizes the spins, long coherence times provide high sensitivity, and the $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ electron shell effectively isolates the nuclear spin providing accuracy limited only by corrections including materials, sample shape, and magnetization. Our magnetometer was used to confirm calibration, to 32 ppb, of the magnetic-field sensors used in recent measurements of the muon magnetic moment anomaly $({g}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{-}2)$, which differs from the standard model by 2.4 ppm. With independent determination of the magnetic moment of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$, this work will lead the way to a new absolute magnetometry standard.

Published
2020

14. Proton form factor ratio μpGEp/GMp from double spin asymmetry

Author

Ho. Kang, J. Roche, X. Qiu, Z. Ye, H. Kang, H. Mkrtchyan, S. A. Wood, M. Veilleux, C. Butuceanu, Tomofumi Maruta, Osamu Hashimoto, Nilanga Liyanage, E. J. Brash, A. Mkrtchyan, Amrendra Narayan, T. Walton, H. Baghdasaryan, Andrey Vasiliev, P. M. King, V. P. Kubarovsky, Matthew Jones, S. Choi, W.U. Boeglin, D. Gaskell, E. Christy, Satoshi Nakamura, S. Riordan, Y. Li, A. Daniel, S. Covrig, Whitney Armstrong, Rolf Ent, C. Ellis, Chunhui Chen, O. Rondon, J. Mulholland, Karl Slifer, Z. E. Meziani, K. Kovacs, D. G. Crabb, L. Z. Ndukum, C. E. Keppel, Emil Frlez, M. Elaasar, J. German, M. H. Shabestari, D. Kawama, A. Deur, Wouter Deconinck, D. Flay, V. V. Mochalov, V. Mamyan, O. Ates, Dipanwita Dutta, Ronald Gilman, Pete Markowitz, J. A. Dunne, G. M. Huber, Brian M. Davis, Lubomir Pentchev, P. Solvignon, A. Liyanage, M. Khandaker, J. Gomez, A. Ahmidouch, Douglas Higinbotham, M. K. Jones, B. Sawatzky, L. F. Soloviev, L. G. Tang, Michael Kohl, P. Carter, P. Monaghan, A. Asaturyan, J. P. Chen, Tanja Horn, P. E. Bosted, J. Reinhold, I. Albayrak, A. J. R. Puckett, M. Bychkov, F. R. Wesselmann, Geoffrey Smith, L. El Fassi, V. Tadevosyan, Toshiyuki Gogami, M. Posik, L. Y. Zhu, O. Geagla, N. Kalantarians, A. Davidenko, Dinko Pocanic, Yu.M. Mel'nik, James Maxwell, Y. Goncharenko, H. Yao, Nuruzzaman, S. Danagoulian, Y.H. Kim, and Donal Day

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, media_common.quotation_subject, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Uncorrelated, Polarized target, Nuclear physics, Recoil, 0103 physical sciences, Magnetic form factor, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, media_common
Abstract

The ratio of the electric and magnetic form factor of the proton, $\mu_p G_E^p/G_M^p$, has been measured for elastic electron-proton scattering with polarized beam and target up to four-momentum transfer squared, $Q^2=5.66$ (GeV/c)$^2$ using the double spin asymmetry for target spin orientation aligned nearly perpendicular to the beam momentum direction. This measurement of $\mu_p G_E^p/G_M^p$ agrees with the $Q^2$ dependence of previous recoil polarization data and reconfirms the discrepancy at high $Q^2$ between the Rosenbluth and the polarization-transfer method with a different measurement technique and systematic uncertainties uncorrelated to those of the recoil-polarization measurements. The form factor ratio at $Q^2$=2.06 (GeV/c)$^2$ has been measured as $\mu_p G_E^p/G_M^p = 0.720 \pm 0.176_{stat} \pm 0.039_{sys}$, which is in agreement with an earlier measurement with the polarized target technique at similar kinematics. The form factor ratio at $Q^2$=5.66 (GeV/c)$^2$ has been determined as $\mu_p G_E^p/G_M^p=0.244\pm0.353_{stat}\pm0.013_{sys}$, which represents the highest $Q^2$ reach with the double spin asymmetry with polarized target to date.

Published
2020

15. Design and performance of an in-vacuum, magnetic field mapping system for the Muon g-2 experiment

Author

M. Oberling, D. Kawall, P. De Lurgio, Ran Hong, S. Ramachandran, J. Grange, P. Winter, D. Flay, and S. Corrodi

Subjects
Larmor precession, Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Muon, Field (physics), Anomalous magnetic dipole moment, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Magnetic field, Nuclear physics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 0103 physical sciences, Measuring instrument, Fermilab, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Lepton
Abstract

The E989 Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab aims to measure the anomalous magnetic moment, a$_\mu$, of the muon with a precision of 140 parts-per-billion. This requires a precise measurement of both the anomalous spin precession frequency, $\omega_a$, and the average magnetic field in terms of the equivalent, free proton Larmor frequency, $\omega_p$. The measurement of $\omega_p$ with a total systematic uncertainty of 70 parts-per-billion involves a combination of various NMR probes. There are 378 probes in fixed locations constantly monitoring field drifts. A water-based probe provides the calibration in terms of $\omega_p$. A crucial element for the multi-step measurement of $\omega_p$ is the regular mapping of the magnetic field over the muon storage region. The former E821 experiment at Brookhaven employed an in-vacuum field mapping system equipped with 17 NMR probes, which was developed by the University of Heidelberg. We have refurbished and upgraded this system with new probes and electronics. The upgrades include a new communication scheme incorporating time-division multiplexing to separate the important NMR reference clock from the data communication. The addition digitization of the NMR signals replaced the hardware-implemented zero-crossing counting of the E821 system. The digitized signals offer new capabilities in the NMR frequency analysis and its related systematic uncertainties. While the mechanical systems that move the field mapper around the ring have been mostly refurbished, the motion control system was completely replaced with a custom-built electronics centered around a commercial Galil motion controller. Both the field mapping NMR system and its motion control were successfully commissioned at Fermilab and have been in reliable operation during the first data taking periods. This article provides details of the upgrades of the field mapper and its performance.

Published
2020
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16. Deeply virtual Compton scattering off the neutron

Author

M. Benali, C. Desnault, M. Mazouz, Z. Ahmed, H. Albataineh, K. Allada, K. A. Aniol, V. Bellini, W. Boeglin, P. Bertin, M. Brossard, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, S. Chandavar, C. Chen, J.-P. Chen, M. Defurne, C. W. de Jager, R. de Leo, A. Deur, L. El Fassi, R. Ent, D. Flay, M. Friend, E. Fuchey, S. Frullani, F. Garibaldi, D. Gaskell, A. Giusa, O. Glamazdin, S. Golge, J. Gomez, O. Hansen, D. Higinbotham, T. Holmstrom, T. Horn, J. Huang, M. Huang, G. M. Huber, C. E. Hyde, S. Iqbal, F. Itard, Ho. Kang, Hy. Kang, A. Kelleher, C. Keppel, S. Koirala, I. Korover, J. J. LeRose, R. Lindgren, E. Long, M. Magne, J. Mammei, D. J. Margaziotis, P. Markowitz, A. Martí Jiménez-Argüello, F. Meddi, D. Meekins, R. Michaels, M. Mihovilovic, N. Muangma, C. Muñoz Camacho, P. Nadel-Turonski, N. Nuruzzaman, R. Paremuzyan, R. Pomatsalyuk, A. Puckett, V. Punjabi, Y. Qiang, A. Rakhman, M. N. H. Rashad, S. Riordan, J. Roche, G. Russo, F. Sabatié, K. Saenboonruang, A. Saha, B. Sawatzky, L. Selvy, A. Shahinyan, S. Sirca, P. Solvignon, M. L. Sperduto, R. Subedi, V. Sulkosky, C. Sutera, W. A. Tobias, G. M. Urciuoli, D. Wang, B. Wojtsekhowski, H. Yao, Z. Ye, L. Zana, X. Zhan, J. Zhang, B. Zhao, Z. Zhao, X. Zheng, P. Zhu, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
quark: flavor, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, n: structure function, nucleon, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 010305 fluids & plasmas, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), deeply virtual Compton scattering, 0103 physical sciences, photon: scattering, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The three-dimensional structure of nucleons (protons and neutrons) is embedded in so-called generalized parton distributions, which are accessible from deeply virtual Compton scattering. In this process, a high energy electron is scattered off a nucleon by exchanging a virtual photon. Then, a highly-energetic real photon is emitted from one of the quarks inside the nucleon, which carries information on the quark's transverse position and longitudinal momentum. By measuring the cross-section of deeply virtual Compton scattering, Compton form factors related to the generalized parton distributions can be extracted. Here, we report the observation of unpolarized deeply virtual Compton scattering off a deuterium target. From the measured photon-electroproduction cross-sections, we have extracted the cross-section of a quasi-free neutron and a coherent deuteron. Due to the approximate isospin symmetry of quantum chromodynamics, we can determine the contributions from the different quark flavours to the helicity-conserved Compton form factors by combining our measurements with previous ones probing the proton's internal structure. These results advance our understanding of the description of the nucleon structure, which is important to solve the proton spin puzzle.

Published
2020

17. Novel observation of isospin structure of short-range correlations in calcium isotopes

Author

V. Bellini, A. Daniel, R. Shneor, Juliette Mammei, Simon Širca, Chunhui Chen, Shalev Gilad, F. Garibaldi, J. Leckey, K. A. Aniol, C. Hanretty, Nadia Fomin, S. K. Phillips, M. Hashemi Shabestari, Guy Ron, Z. E. Meziani, T. Averett, A. Shahinyan, S. Iqbal, Kalyan Allada, N. Muangma, R. Subedi, A. Saha, Wouter Deconinck, Ishay Pomerantz, M. Mihovilovic, I. Korover, X. Zhan, D. Anez, P. Aguilera, D. J. Margaziotis, J.-O. Hansen, Ping Zhu, Yujie Qiang, S. A. Wood, E. Cisbani, R. A. Lindgren, J. J. LeRose, P. E. Reimer, Z. Ye, B. E. Norum, V. A. Punjabi, M. Friend, Fatiha Benmokhtar, Karl Slifer, E. Fuchey, John Arrington, V. Sulkosky, Donal Day, Nikolaos Sparveris, Y. Zhang, D. Wang, S. Beck, E. Long, M. Posik, Jie Zhang, X. Bai, Xin Qian, D. Flay, A. Kelleher, M. M. Dalton, S. Riordan, J. W. Watson, D. G. Meekins, N. Kalantarians, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, Paul Gueye, Nuruzzaman, S. Frullani, D. Nguyen, G. Jin, R. Zielinski, X. Zheng, Brian P. Anderson, R. Michaels, Shanfeng Li, Alexandre Camsonne, A. Beck, B. Zhao, C. Munoz Camacho, H. Kang, D. Gaskell, Douglas Higinbotham, M. Defurne, J. R. M. Annand, K. Pan, Abdurahim Rakhman, E. Piasetzky, M. Huang, P. Solvignon, C. Gu, I. Yaron, H. Al-Bataineh, S. Glamazdin, Larry Weinstein, Ronald Gilman, L. Selvy, Pete Markowitz, J. P. Chen, H. Baghdasaryan, K. Chirapatpimol, Z. Ahmed, X. Qiu, O. Rondon-Aramayo, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Jefferson Lab Hall A, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)

Subjects
Triple coincidence, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, Isotopes of calcium, Isospin, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment, Few-Body Systems, Range (computer programming), Mathematical physics
Abstract

Short Range Correlations (SRCs) have been identified as being responsible for the high momentum tail of the nucleon momentum distribution, n(k). Hard, short-range interactions of nucleon pairs generate the high momentum tail and imprint a universal character on n(k) for all nuclei at large momentum. Triple coincidence experiments have shown a strong dominance of np pairs, but these measurements involve large final state interactions. This paper presents the results from Jefferson Lab experiment E08014 which measured inclusive electron scattering cross-section from Ca isotopes. By comparing the inclusive cross section from 48Ca to 40Ca in a kinematic region dominated by SRCs we provide a new way to study the isospin structure of SRCs., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures

Published
2020
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19. Revealing Color Forces with Transverse Polarized Electron Scattering

Author

C. D. Keith, T. Walton, H. Baghdasaryan, Satoshi Nakamura, T. Horn, G. R. Smith, S. Danagoulian, Michael Kohl, P. Carter, L. Pentchev, P. Monaghan, Ronald Gilman, Chunhui Chen, X. Qiu, H. Yao, P. Solvignon, M. Jones, B. Sawatzky, C. Butuceanu, S. Riordan, Z. Ye, Amrendra Narayan, P. M. King, J. Gomez, D. Gaskell, Joerg Reinhold, M. H. Shabestari, Douglas Higinbotham, M. K. Jones, D. G. Meekins, A. Daniel, E. J. Brash, J. Mulholland, Tomofumi Maruta, A. Mkrtchyan, J. A. Dunne, O. Ates, Brian M. Davis, C. Ellis, Whitney Armstrong, Y. Li, V. P. Kubarovsky, D. Kawama, Karl Slifer, G. M. Huber, A. Nuruzzaman, L. G. Tang, J. P. Chen, Osamu Hashimoto, A. Deur, N. Kalantarians, O. Geagla, S. Covrig, L. El Fassi, W. Luo, W. U. Boeglin, M. Posik, Wouter Deconinck, V. V. Mochalov, Zein-Eddine Meziani, Nilanga Liyanage, Rolf Ent, L. Y. Zhu, Andrew Puckett, H. Mkrtchyan, Toshiyuki Gogami, A. Liyanage, V. Mamyan, M. E. Christy, P. Bosted, Ho. Kang, Y. Goncharenko, F. Wesselmann, L. Z. Ndukum, Pete Markowitz, O. Rondon, M. Khandaker, Andrey Vasiliev, J. German, D. Flay, A. Ahmidouch, V. Tadevosyan, H. Kang, Sungyeon Choi, James Maxwell, Dipangkar Dutta, K. Kovacs, C. E. Keppel, Emil Frlez, S. A. Wood, M. Veilleux, I. Albayrak, D. J. Mack, M. Bychkov, Jie Zhang, L. F. Soloviev, A. Davidenko, Dinko Pocanic, Yu.M. Mel'nik, J. Roche, A. Asaturyan, D. G. Crabb, Y.H. Kim, and Donal Day

Subjects
Physics, Quark, Proton, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Lattice QCD, Electron, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment, Lorentz force, Electron scattering, Spin-½
Abstract

The Spin Asymmetries of the Nucleon Experiment (SANE) measured two double spin asymmetries using a polarized proton target and polarized electron beam at two beam energies, 4.7 GeV and 5.9 GeV. A large-acceptance open-configuration detector package identified scattered electrons at 40$^{\circ}$ and covered a wide range in Bjorken $x$ ($0.3 < x < 0.8$). Proportional to an average color Lorentz force, the twist-3 matrix element, $\tilde{d}_2^p$, was extracted from the measured asymmetries at $Q^2$ values ranging from 2.0 to 6.0 GeV$^2$. The data display the opposite sign compared to most quark models, including the lattice QCD result, and an apparently unexpected scale dependence. Furthermore when combined with the neutron data in the same $Q^2$ range the results suggest a flavor independent average color Lorentz force.

Published
2019

20. Virtual Compton Scattering measurements in the nucleon resonance region

Author

Anselm Esser, B. Pasquini, Josef Pochodzalla, Harald Merkel, Adrian Weber, H. Atac, J. Beričič, M. Schoth, R. Böhm, F. Schulz, H. Fonvieille, S. Schlimme, M. Benali, Patrick Achenbach, Nikolaos Sparveris, S. Širca, Concettina Sfienti, Ivica Friščić, D. Flay, A. Polychronopoulou, Michael Paolone, L. Correa, M. Mihovilovič, M. O. Distler, U. Müller, A. Blomberg, Zein-Eddine Meziani, Y. Kohl, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Momentum transfer, Compton scattering, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Resonance (particle physics), Nuclear physics, Amplitude, Pion, 0103 physical sciences, Quadrupole, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report on new measurements of the electric Generalized Polarizability (GP) of the proton $ \alpha_{E}$αE in a kinematic region where a puzzling dependence on momentum transfer has been observed, and we have found that $ \alpha_E = (5.3 \pm 0.6_{stat} \pm 1.3_{sys}) 10^{-4}$αE=(5.3±0.6stat±1.3sys)10-4 fm3 at $ Q^{2}=0.20$Q2=0.20 (GeV/c)2. The new measurements, when considered along with the rest of the world data, suggest that $ \alpha_E$αE can be described by either a local plateau or by an enhancement in the region $ Q^2=0.20$Q2=0.20 (GeV/c)2 to 0.33 (GeV/c)2. The experiment also provides the first measurement of the Coulomb quadrupole amplitude in the $ N \rightarrow \Delta$N→Δ transition through the exploration of the $ p(e,e'p)\gamma$p(e,ep)γ reaction. The new measurement gives $ CMR = (-4.4 \pm 0.8_{stat} \pm 0.6_{sys})\%$CMR=(-4.4±0.8stat±0.6sys)% at $ Q^2=0.20$Q2=0.20 (GeV/c)2 and is consistent with the results from the pion electroproduction world data. It has been obtained using a completely different extraction method, and therefore represents a strong validation test of the world data model uncertainties.

Published
2019
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21. Measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in the quasi-elastic Process

Author

R. A. Lindgren, C. Dutta, William A. Tobias, X. Zhan, F. Garibaldi, M. H. Shabestari, G. D. Cates, D. Flay, B. Schoenrock, Henryk Witała, Y. Zhang, X. Deng, Diana Parno, T. Holmstrom, J. P. Chen, B. Zhao, P. Monaghan, Yingxiao Wang, J. Huang, P. M. King, A. Saha, G. M. Urciuoli, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, N. Muangma, J. Gomez, Shalev Gilad, S. Golge, R. Subedi, C. W. de Jager, T. Averett, Chunhui Chen, S. Širca, A. Shahinyan, P. C. Bradshaw, X. Jiang, Xin Qian, A. Kievsky, J. St. John, P. U. Sauer, H. P. Khanal, B. Moffit, Mustafa Canan, Kalyan Allada, R. Michaels, R. Skibiński, L. El Fassi, W. U. Boeglin, A. Deltuva, A. Deur, H. Kang, B. D. Anderson, Yiyang Zhang, W. Tireman, M. Meziane, M. Posik, William Bertozzi, Z. Ye, H.-J. Lu, Wolfgang Korsch, B. E. Norum, Michele Viviani, Hiroyuki Kamada, Vincent Sulkosky, O. Glamazdin, Pete Markowitz, Olfred Hansen, J. R. M. Annand, A. Camsonne, H. F. Ibrahim, J. LeRose, W. Luo, R. De Leo, Joseph M. Katich, Kacper Topolnicki, J. W. Watson, B. Sawatzky, E. Chudakov, Haiyan Gao, L. E. Marcucci, S. Riordan, V. A. Punjabi, D. Wang, Ronald Gilman, Douglas Higinbotham, M. K. Jones, E. Jensen, Jacek Golak, K. Pan, K. Wang, X. Qui, L. Y. Zhu, S. Frullani, G. Jin, X. Zheng, S. K. Nanda, Yujie Qiang, Andrew Puckett, Rocco Schiavilla, E. Long, M. Mihovilovič, and E. Piasetzky

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Observable, Kinematics, Spin structure, Polarization (waves), Breakup, 01 natural sciences, p-process, Nuclear interaction, Nuclear physics, Reaction dynamics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

We report on a precise measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in electron-induced breakup of He3 proceeding to pd and ppn final states, performed in quasi-elastic kinematics at Q2=0.25(GeV/c)2 for missing momenta up to 250MeV/c. These observables represent highly sensitive tools to investigate the electromagnetic and spin structure of He3 and the relative importance of two- and three-body effects involved in the breakup reaction dynamics. The measured asymmetries cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by state-of-the-art calculations of He3 unless their three-body segment is adjusted, indicating that the spin-dependent part of the nuclear interaction governing the three-body breakup process is much smaller than previously thought.

Published
2018

22. Electroexcitation of the Δ+(1232) at low momentum transfer

Author

V. Bellini, C.M. Camacho, E. Schulte, H. Albataineh, J. W. Watson, M. Huang, M. Hashemi Shabestari, J. Sjoegren, C. Gu, Simon Širca, F. Garibaldi, I. Yaron, L. Selvy, M. Khandaker, V. A. Punjabi, T. Holmstrom, E. Fuchey, B. D. Anderson, M. Defurne, W. Tireman, D. J. Margaziotis, R. A. Lindgren, Or Hen, J. P. Chen, I. Korover, E. Piasetzky, Z. E. Meziani, A. Blomberg, H. Baghdasaryan, Olfred Hansen, K. Chirapatpimol, J. R. M. Annand, Juliette Mammei, A. Polychronopoulou, Salvatore Frullani, M. Posik, N. Muangma, X. Zhan, S. K. Phillips, John Arrington, X. Bai, J. Leckey, D. Flay, Nikos Sparveris, Ping Zhu, B. Zhao, Guy Ron, David Hamilton, W. B. Yan, A. Kelleher, X. Zheng, N. Kalantarians, R. Shneor, S. Riordan, Abdurahim Rakhman, A. Saha, Kalyan Allada, Vincent Sulkosky, Z. W. Zhao, Z. Ye, E. Long, Xin Qian, R. Subedi, D. G. Meekins, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, B. E. Norum, J. LeRose, R. De Leo, M. Mihovilovič, A. Martí Jiménez-Argüello, E. Cisbani, S. Iqbal, M. M. Dalton, W. U. Boeglin, Chunhui Chen, H. Kang, A. Camsonne, Nuruzzaman, Michael Paolone, C. Hanretty, D. Anez, N. Fomin, Shalev Gilad, K. A. Aniol, T. Averett, Wouter Deconinck, Ishay Pomerantz, Z. Ahmed, A. J. Sarty, Fatiha Benmokhtar, D. Wang, S. Beck, Ronald Gilman, Douglas Higinbotham, K. Pan, Yiyang Zhang, A. Beck, Jie Zhang, M. Friend, P. E. Reimer, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Ecole Centrale Paris, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Angular momentum, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Nuclear Theory, Constituent quark, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nucleon deformation, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Atomic, Nuclear physics, Pion, Particle and Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Coulomb, Effective field theory, Nuclear, CMR, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Mathematical Physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Momentum transfer, Pion electroproduction, Molecular, Nuclear & Particles Physics, lcsh:QC1-999, Quantum electrodynamics, Quadrupole, Nucleon, Astronomical and Space Sciences, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

International audience; We report on new p(e,e′p)π∘p(e,e′p)π∘ measurements at the Δ+(1232)Δ+(1232) resonance at the low momentum transfer region, where the mesonic cloud dynamics is predicted to be dominant and rapidly changing, offering a test bed for chiral effective field theory calculations. The new data explore the Q2Q2 dependence of the resonant quadrupole amplitudes and for the first time indicate that the Electric and the Coulomb quadrupole amplitudes converge as Q2→0Q2→0. The measurements of the Coulomb quadrupole amplitude have been extended to the lowest momentum transfer ever reached, and suggest that more than half of its magnitude is attributed to the mesonic cloud in this region. The new data disagree with predictions of constituent quark models and are in reasonable agreement with dynamical calculations that include pion cloud effects, chiral effective field theory and lattice calculations. The measurements indicate that improvement is required to the theoretical calculations and provide valuable input that will allow their refinements.

Published
2016

23. Search for three-nucleon short-range correlations in light nuclei

Author

L. Selvy, P. E. Reimer, M. Hashemi Shabestari, Wouter Deconinck, T. Averett, Karl Slifer, M. M. Dalton, H. Baghdasaryan, S. Riordan, Z. Ahmed, X. Qiu, S. Glamazdin, O. Rondon-Aramayo, X. Zhan, S. A. Wood, M. Posik, X. Bai, Yujie Qiang, N. Kalantarians, Zein-Eddine Meziani, E. Piasetzky, Larry Weinstein, P. Solvignon, Nuruzzaman, Z. Ye, B. E. Norum, Kalyan Allada, Nikolaos Sparveris, Ishay Pomerantz, N. Fomin, J. R. M. Annand, A. Kelleher, Shalev Gilad, J. Arrington, Abdurahim Rakhman, D. Wang, S. Beck, Ronald Gilman, K. A. Aniol, J. O. Hansen, B. Zhao, J. W. Watson, Juliette Mammei, Arijit Saha, M. Huang, E. Fuchey, Paul Gueye, Chunhui Chen, C. Gu, Douglas Higinbotham, I. Korover, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, R. Michaels, H. Kang, Fatiha Benmokhtar, R. Shneor, A. Shahinyan, C. Munoz Camacho, M. Defurne, A. Camsonne, K. Chirapatpimol, I. Yaron, G. Jin, S. Iqbal, X. Zheng, Xin Qian, R. Subedi, D. J. Margaziotis, K. Pan, Pete Markowitz, D. G. Meekins, H. Albataineh, Vincent Sulkosky, B. D. Anderson, J. LeRose, Yiyang Zhang, A. Beck, P. Aguilera, A. Daniel, R. A. Lindgren, Donal Day, D. Gaskell, Guy Ron, D. Nguyen, D. Flay, C. Hanretty, N. Muangma, S. K. Phillips, M. Friend, M. Mihovilovic, Jie Zhang, E. Cisbani, Jian-Ping Chen, S. Frullani, J. Leckey, R. Zielinski, V. A. Punjabi, D. Anez, E. Long, Ping Zhu, V. Bellini, Simon Širca, F. Garibaldi, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Hall A, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Light nucleus, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, Combinatorics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment, Range (computer programming)
Abstract

We present new data probing short-range correlations (SRCs) in nuclei through the measurement of electron scattering off high-momentum nucleons in nuclei. The inclusive 4He/3He cross section ratio is observed to be both x and Q2 independent for 1.5 < x < 2, confirming the dominance of two- nucleon (2N) short-range correlations (SRCs). For x > 2, our data do not support a previous claim of three-nucleon (3N) correlation dominance. While contributions beyond those from stationary 2N- SRCs are observed, our data show that isolating 3N-SRCs is more complicated than for 2N-SRCs., 6 pages, 2 figures, new experimental results from JLab E08-014

Published
2018

24. Design and Performance of the Spin Asymmetries of the Nucleon Experiment

Author

P. M. King, Dipangkar Dutta, C. Ellis, Osamu Hashimoto, T. Walton, H. Baghdasaryan, E. J. Brash, Y. Goncharenko, Satoshi Nakamura, G. R. Smith, Yu Kyeong Kim, A. Deur, M. H. Shabestari, O. Geagla, Pete Markowitz, H. Kang, H. Yao, M. Khandaker, Donal Day, O. Ates, F.R. Wesselmann, J. Roche, N. Kalantarians, Michael Kohl, Z. Ye, Toshiyuki Gogami, L. G. Tang, P. Carter, J. Brock, S. Riordan, Tanja Horn, C. Carlin, Karl Slifer, P. Solvignon, Nuruzzaman, L. Z. Ndukum, Jian-Ping Chen, J. German, A. Daniel, Y. Li, Douglas Higinbotham, M. K. Jones, M. E. Christy, P. Bosted, L. Y. Zhu, D. Flay, A. Ahmidouch, C. D. Keith, T. Maruta, V. Tadevosyan, W. Luo, V. Mamyan, Andrey Vasiliev, B. Sawatzky, J. Mulholland, Nilanga Liyanage, Chunhui Chen, James Maxwell, D. Kawama, Brian M. Davis, P. Monaghan, O. Rondon, Wouter Deconinck, V. V. Mochalov, D. G. Crabb, G. M. Huber, Andrew Puckett, Joerg Reinhold, K. Kovacs, Cynthia Keppel, J. Gomez, L. Pentchev, A. Liyanage, J. A. Dunne, D. G. Meekins, A. Davidenko, S. Covrig, Rolf Ent, Dinko Pocanic, Yu.M. Mel'nik, L. El Fassi, W. U. Boeglin, C. Butuceanu, Amrendra Narayan, Sungyeon Choi, D. Gaskell, S. Danagoulian, Ronald Gilman, A. Mkrtchyan, V. P. Kubarovsky, M. Elaasar, L. F. Soloviev, X. Qiu, S. A. Wood, M. Veilleux, I. Albayrak, M. Bychkov, Emil Frlez, M. Posik, Zein-Eddine Meziani, H. Mkrtchyan, Whitney Armstrong, M. Jones, and A. Asaturyan

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electron, Deep inelastic scattering, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic field, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Electron scattering, Beam (structure), Spin-½
Abstract

The Spin Asymmetries of the Nucleon Experiment (SANE) performed inclusive, double-polarized electron scattering measurements of the proton at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility at Jefferson Lab. A novel detector array observed scattered electrons of four-momentum transfer 2 . 5 Q 2 6 . 5 GeV 2 and Bjorken scaling 0 . 3 x 0 . 8 from initial beam energies of 4.7 and 5.9 GeV. Employing a polarized proton target whose magnetic field direction could be rotated with respect to the incident electron beam, both parallel and near perpendicular spin asymmetries were measured, allowing model-independent access to transverse polarization observables A 1 , A 2 , g 1 , g 2 and moment d 2 of the proton. This document summarizes the operation and performance of the polarized target, polarized electron beam, and novel detector systems used during the course of the experiment, and describes analysis techniques utilized to access the physics observables of interest.

Published
2017

25. Precision measurements of A1n in the deep inelastic regime

Author

S. Choi, Mustafa Canan, Kalyan Allada, H. Yao, M. Friend, A. Deur, Wouter Deconinck, Nuruzzaman, J. P. Chen, B. Sawatzky, F. Garibaldi, M. H. Shabestari, G. D. Cates, S. K. Nanda, Yujie Qiang, R. Subedi, A. Camsonne, N. Muangma, A. Shahinyan, Vincent Sulkosky, O. Glamazdin, Z. Ye, B. E. Norum, V. Mamyan, J. Huang, R. A. Lindgren, J. J. LeRose, Olfred Hansen, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, X. Deng, X. Zhan, W. Troth, Y. Zhang, D. Flay, A. Lukhanin, B. Moffit, G. Jin, M. Posik, Douglas Higinbotham, C. Dutta, X. Zheng, Zein-Eddine Meziani, Diana Parno, William A. Tobias, D. McNulty, Arijit Saha, P. Solvignon, J. Gomez, Jen-Chieh Peng, S. Golge, Chunhui Chen, S. Širca, Haiyan Gao, Y. X. Ye, Wolfgang Korsch, L. Yuan, X. Jiang, Whitney Armstrong, G. Kumbartzki, B. Zhao, Yiyang Zhang, William Bertozzi, Yingxiao Wang, Amrendra Narayan, Joseph M. Katich, Shalev Gilad, C. W. de Jager, G. B. Franklin, M. M. Dalton, T. Holmstrom, S. Riordan, D. Wang, Ronald Gilman, R. Michaels, Abdurahim Rakhman, L. Guo, E. Long, M. Mihovilovič, A. Kelleher, Vladimir Nelyubin, Young Do Oh, H. F. Ibrahim, E. Chudakov, A. Kolarkar, Nilanga Liyanage, T. Averett, C. E. Hyde, F. Cusanno, Fatiha Benmokhtar, X. Yan, Xin Qian, and L. El Fassi

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear physics, Quark, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, media_common.quotation_subject, Up quark, Neutron, Parton, Deep inelastic scattering, Asymmetry, media_common
Abstract

We have performed precision measurements of the double-spin virtual-photon asymmetry A 1 on the neutron in the deep inelastic scattering regime, using an open-geometry, large-acceptance spectrometer and a longitudinally and transversely polarized 3 He target. Our data cover a wide kinematic range 0.277 ≤ x ≤ 0.548 at an average Q 2 value of 3.078 (GeV/c) 2 , doubling the available high-precision neutron data in this x range. We have combined our results with world data on proton targets to make a leading-order extraction of the ratio of polarized-to-unpolarized parton distribution functions for up quarks and for down quarks in the same kinematic range. Our data are consistent with a previous observation of an A 1 n zero crossing near x = 0.5 . We find no evidence of a transition to a positive slope in ( Δ d + Δ d ¯ ) / ( d + d ¯ ) up to x = 0.548 .

Published
2015

26. Rosenbluth Separation of the π0 Electroproduction Cross Section Off the Neutron

Author

N. Nuruzzaman, S. Golge, M. L. Sperduto, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, R. A. Lindgren, J. J. LeRose, C. M. Sutera, Chunhui Chen, Z. W. Zhao, Z. Ye, M. Mihovilovic, H. Albataineh, H. Yao, D. Flay, N. Muangma, V. Bellini, A. Martí Jiménez-Argüello, Yujie Qiang, A. Saha, M. Huang, Andrew Puckett, D. G. Meekins, Z. Ahmed, B. Zhao, F. Sabatié, Simon Širca, G. M. Huber, Pete Markowitz, S. Koirala, F. Garibaldi, L. El Fassi, W. U. Boeglin, C. E. Hyde, Tanja Horn, X. Zhan, D. J. Margaziotis, M. Brossard, S. Chandavar, Maxime Defurne, R. De Leo, D. Gaskell, M. Benali, C. W. de Jager, K. A. Aniol, M. Mazouz, P. Solvignon, O. Glamazdin, M. Magne, Olfred Hansen, A. Deur, Cynthia Keppel, A. Camsonne, Douglas Higinbotham, M. N. H. Rashad, A. Shahinyan, Vincent Sulkosky, V. A. Punjabi, Mustafa Canan, C. Desnault, Kalyan Allada, E. Long, J. Roche, S. Iqbal, William A. Tobias, E. Fuchey, I. Korover, A. Giusa, Abdurahim Rakhman, A. Kelleher, G.V. Russo, Ho. Kang, J. P. Chen, X. Zheng, L. Selvy, D. Wang, Juliette Mammei, L. Zana, J. Huang, G. M. Urciuoli, J. Gomez, Rolf Ent, S. Riordan, P.Y. Bertin, P. Nadel-Turonski, P. Zhu, H. Kang, Franco Meddi, M. Friend, Jie Zhang, S. Frullani, R. Paremuzyan, Kiadtisak Saenboonruang, R. Subedi, B. Sawatzky, F. Itard, T. Holmstrom, R. Michaels, and C. Munoz Camacho

Subjects
Quark, Physics, Particle physics, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Momentum transfer, General Physics and Astronomy, Parton, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, Recoil, 0103 physical sciences, Photon polarization, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon
Abstract

We report the first longitudinal-transverse separation of the deeply virtual exclusive π^{0} electroproduction cross section off the neutron and coherent deuteron. The corresponding four structure functions dσ_{L}/dt, dσ_{T}/dt, dσ_{LT}/dt, and dσ_{TT}/dt are extracted as a function of the momentum transfer to the recoil system at Q^{2}=1.75 GeV^{2} and x_{B}=0.36. The ed→edπ^{0} cross sections are found compatible with the small values expected from theoretical models. The en→enπ^{0} cross sections show a dominance from the response to transversely polarized photons, and are in good agreement with calculations based on the transversity generalized parton distributions of the nucleon. By combining these results with previous measurements of π^{0} electroproduction off the proton, we present a flavor decomposition of the u and d quark contributions to the cross section.

Published
2017

27. Extraction of the Neutron Electric Form Factor from Measurements of Inclusive Double Spin Asymmetries

Author

G. D. Cates, T. Holmstrom, Xin Qian, Haiyan Gao, M. Meziane, Simon Širca, F. Garibaldi, H. F. Ibrahim, E. Chudakov, Houbing Lu, P. M. King, A. Shahinyan, W.U. Boeglin, V. A. Punjabi, D. G. Meekins, X. Jiang, E. Long, C. Dutta, William A. Tobias, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, L. El Fassi, Vincent Sulkosky, S. Riordan, H. P. Khanal, A. Kelleher, H. Kang, A. Camsonne, R. A. Lindgren, Eric L. N. Jensen, N. Muangma, W. Tireman, Diana Parno, M. Mihovilovic, R. Subedi, D. Flay, Yingxiao Wang, W. Luo, M. H. Shabestari, B. Shoenrock, B. Sawatzky, Shalev Gilad, C. W. de Jager, Bryan J. Moffit, E. Piasetzky, X. Zhan, A. Deur, J.-O. Hansen, Z. Ye, B. E. Norum, Y. Zhang, M. Posik, R. Michaels, X. Deng, B. Zhao, J. Gomez, X. Qui, S. Golge, Arijit Saha, P. Monaghan, P. C. Bradshaw, Chunhui Chen, A. J. R. Puckett, L. Y. Zhu, Wolfgang Korsch, J. W. Watson, O. Glamazdin, J. R. M. Annand, S. Frullani, J. P. Chen, J. Huang, G. M. Urciuoli, William Bertozzi, Ronald Gilman, Pete Markowitz, J. LeRose, R. De Leo, J. John, Brian P. Anderson, Yiyang Zhang, Joseph M. Katich, Douglas Higinbotham, Matthew Jones, K. Pan, K. Wang, D. Wang, T. Averett, G. Jin, X. Zheng, Mustafa Canan, Kalyan Allada, S. K. Nanda, and Yujie Qiang

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Nuclear Theory, Electric form factor, Form factor (quantum field theory), FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Nuclear physics, Pion, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron detection, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Spin-½, media_common
Abstract

$[Background]$ Measurements of the neutron charge form factor, $G^n_E$, are challenging due to the fact that the neutron has no net charge. In addition, measurements of the neutron form factors must use nuclear targets which require accurately accounting for nuclear effects. Extracting $G^n_E$ with different targets and techniques provides an important test of our handling of these effects. $[Purpose]$ The goal of the measurement was to use an inclusive asymmetry measurement technique to extract the neutron charge form factor at a four-momentum transfer of $1~(\rm{GeV/c})^2$. This technique has very different systematic uncertainties than traditional exclusive measurements and thus serves as an independent check of whether nuclear effects have been taken into account correctly. $[Method]$ The inclusive quasi-elastic reaction $^3\overrightarrow{\rm{He}}(\overrightarrow{e},e')$ was measured at Jefferson Lab. The neutron electric form factor, $G_E^n$, was extracted at $Q^2 = 0.98~(\rm{GeV/c})^2$ from ratios of electron-polarization asymmetries measured for two orthogonal target spin orientations. This $Q^2$ is high enough that the sensitivity to $G_E^n$ is not overwhelmed by the neutron magnetic contribution, and yet low enough that explicit neutron detection is not required to suppress pion production. $[Results]$ The neutron electric form factor, $G_E^n$, was determined to be $0.0414\pm0.0077\;{(stat)}\pm0.0022\;{(syst)}$; providing the first high precision inclusive extraction of the neutron's charge form factor. $[Conclusions]$ The use of the inclusive quasi-elastic $^3\overrightarrow{\rm{He}}(\overrightarrow{e},e')$ with a four-momentum transfer near $1~(\rm{GeV/c})^2$ has been used to provide a unique measurement of $G^n_E$. This new result provides a systematically independent validation of the exclusive extraction technique results., 7 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables

Published
2017

28. Rosenbluth Separation of the π^{0} Electroproduction Cross Section Off the Neutron

Author

M, Mazouz, Z, Ahmed, H, Albataineh, K, Allada, K A, Aniol, V, Bellini, M, Benali, W, Boeglin, P, Bertin, M, Brossard, A, Camsonne, M, Canan, S, Chandavar, C, Chen, J-P, Chen, M, Defurne, C W, de Jager, R, de Leo, C, Desnault, A, Deur, L, El Fassi, R, Ent, D, Flay, M, Friend, E, Fuchey, S, Frullani, F, Garibaldi, D, Gaskell, A, Giusa, O, Glamazdin, S, Golge, J, Gomez, O, Hansen, D, Higinbotham, T, Holmstrom, T, Horn, J, Huang, M, Huang, G M, Huber, C E, Hyde, S, Iqbal, F, Itard, Ho, Kang, Hy, Kang, A, Kelleher, C, Keppel, S, Koirala, I, Korover, J J, LeRose, R, Lindgren, E, Long, M, Magne, J, Mammei, D J, Margaziotis, P, Markowitz, A, Martí Jiménez-Argüello, F, Meddi, D, Meekins, R, Michaels, M, Mihovilovic, N, Muangma, C, Muñoz Camacho, P, Nadel-Turonski, N, Nuruzzaman, R, Paremuzyan, A, Puckett, V, Punjabi, Y, Qiang, A, Rakhman, M N H, Rashad, S, Riordan, J, Roche, G, Russo, F, Sabatié, K, Saenboonruang, A, Saha, B, Sawatzky, L, Selvy, A, Shahinyan, S, Sirca, P, Solvignon, M L, Sperduto, R, Subedi, V, Sulkosky, C, Sutera, W A, Tobias, G M, Urciuoli, D, Wang, B, Wojtsekhowski, H, Yao, Z, Ye, L, Zana, X, Zhan, J, Zhang, B, Zhao, Z, Zhao, X, Zheng, and P, Zhu

Abstract

We report the first longitudinal-transverse separation of the deeply virtual exclusive π^{0} electroproduction cross section off the neutron and coherent deuteron. The corresponding four structure functions dσ_{L}/dt, dσ_{T}/dt, dσ_{LT}/dt, and dσ_{TT}/dt are extracted as a function of the momentum transfer to the recoil system at Q^{2}=1.75 GeV^{2} and x_{B}=0.36. The ed→edπ^{0} cross sections are found compatible with the small values expected from theoretical models. The en→enπ^{0} cross sections show a dominance from the response to transversely polarized photons, and are in good agreement with calculations based on the transversity generalized parton distributions of the nucleon. By combining these results with previous measurements of π^{0} electroproduction off the proton, we present a flavor decomposition of the u and d quark contributions to the cross section.

Published
2017

29. A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton

Author

J. Huang, S. Riordan, M. Brossard, I. Korover, N. Nuruzzaman, S. Golge, H. Al-Bataineh, P. Bertin, William A. Tobias, Abdurahim Rakhman, H. Kang, H. Yao, A. Camsonne, Franco Meddi, Yujie Qiang, M. Huang, A. Kelleher, A. Martí Jiménez-Argüello, S. Koirala, Kiadtisak Saenboonruang, D. J. Margaziotis, Andrew Puckett, T. Horn, E. Fuchey, G.V. Russo, R. Ent, Z. W. Zhao, Z. Ye, S. Chandavar, J. LeRose, R. De Leo, O. Glamazdin, Olfred Hansen, E. Long, F. Garibaldi, V. Bellini, L. Selvy, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, M. N. H. Rashad, R. A. Lindgren, Cynthia Keppel, P. Markowitz, Jian-Ping Chen, X. Zhan, M. Mihovilovic, Juliette Mammei, Arijit Saha, J. Gomez, V. A. Punjabi, S. Frullani, P. Nadel-Turonski, Alexandre Deur, K. A. Aniol, Chunhui Chen, S. Širca, D. Wang, F. Sabatié, X. Zheng, R. Paremuzyan, Ping Zhu, Mustafa Canan, Kalyan Allada, R. Michaels, D. G. Meekins, C. M. Sutera, M. L. Sperduto, M. Magne, Charles Hyde, B. Zhao, D. Flay, P. Solvignon, L. El Fassi, W. U. Boeglin, M. Defurne, M. Mazouz, Jie Zhang, B. Sawatzky, M. Benali, C. Desnault, Vincent Sulkosky, S. Iqbal, F. Itard, J. Roche, M. Friend, T. Holmstrom, D. Gaskell, Douglas Higinbotham, A. Giusa, A. Shahinyan, C. W. de Jager, C. Muñoz Camacho, Z. Ahmed, G. M. Urciuoli, R. Subedi, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers ( IRFU ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont ( LPC ), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Photon, Proton, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Nuclear Theory, General Physics and Astronomy, Virtual particle, parton: distribution function, Biochemistry, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], p: structure function, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), [ PHYS.NEXP ] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], lcsh:Science, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, energy: high, Multidisciplinary, strong interaction, Chemistry (all), Compton scattering: form factor, photon: energy spectrum, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, confinement, +electron+p+photon%22">electron p --> electron p photon, channel cross section: measured, Quark, electron p: deep inelastic scattering, Particle physics, electron: polarized beam, Science, Strong interaction, FOS: Physical sciences, Bethe-Heitler, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, energy dependence, quark, Physics and Astronomy (all), [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], photon: emission, deeply virtual Compton scattering, 0103 physical sciences, structure, 010306 general physics, quantum mechanics: interference, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Compton scattering, General Chemistry, gluon, sensitivity, Gluon, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Quark–gluon plasma, lcsh:Q, [ PHYS.HPHE ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], High Energy Physics::Experiment, holography, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), photon: virtual, experimental results
Abstract

The internal structure of nucleons (protons and neutrons) remains one of the greatest outstanding problems in modern nuclear physics. By scattering high-energy electrons off a proton we are able to resolve its fundamental constituents and probe their momenta and positions. Here we investigate the dynamics of quarks and gluons inside nucleons using deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS)—a highly virtual photon scatters off the proton, which subsequently radiates a photon. DVCS interferes with the Bethe-Heitler (BH) process, where the photon is emitted by the electron rather than the proton. We report herein the full determination of the BH-DVCS interference by exploiting the distinct energy dependences of the DVCS and BH amplitudes. In the regime where the scattering is expected to occur off a single quark, measurements show an intriguing sensitivity to gluons, the carriers of the strong interaction., It remains a challenge to find the structure and the distribution of the constituents of nucleons. Here the authors use a scattering method to get information about the gluons and quarks inside a proton and separate the contribution of Bethe-Heitler from the deeply virtual Compton scattering process.

Published
2017

30. Measurement of parity violation in electron–quark scattering

Author

William Bertozzi, A. V. Glamazdin, E. Long, D. S. Armstrong, D. McNulty, Arijit Saha, G. D. Cates, B. Waidyawansa, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, Amrendra Narayan, J. LeRose, R. De Leo, Jongmin Lee, S. Kowalski, J. Roche, Xin Qian, D. J. Margaziotis, J. P. Chen, D. G. Meekins, Vladimir Nelyubin, Douglas Higinbotham, L. Ye, J. Huang, C. E. Hyde, C. M. Sutera, Nuruzzaman, Shalev Gilad, B. P. Quinn, N. Muangma, S. K. Phillips, R. Holmes, E. Cisbani, L. El Fassi, M. M. Dalton, S. K. Nanda, M. Mihovilovic, Kent Paschke, Yujie Qiang, John Arrington, C. W. de Jager, K. A. Aniol, R. J. Holt, K. Rider, K. Pan, P. E. Reimer, A. Giusa, P. M. King, Franco Meddi, Vincent Sulkosky, Fatiha Benmokhtar, Kiadtisak Saenboonruang, B. Sawatzky, R. S. Beminiwattha, R. Silwal, Wouter Deconinck, Nilanga Liyanage, E. Chudakov, F. Garibaldi, Ho-Young Kang, J. O. Hansen, D. Wang, T. Holmstrom, Mustafa Canan, X. Zheng, Kalyan Allada, X. Deng, S. Frullani, Diana Parno, G.V. Russo, B. Zhao, R. Subedi, Jay Benesch, K. E. Myers, Z. Ahmed, C. M. Jen, A. Deur, D. C. Jones, S. Riordan, D. Flay, C. Dutta, R. Michaels, Young Do Oh, William A. Tobias, Abdurahim Rakhman, A. Camsonne, K. Hafidi, G. M. Urciuoli, K. Grimm, V. Bellini, G. B. Franklin, J. G. Rubin, Simon Širca, R. Suleiman, M. Friend, L. Mercado, K. S. Kumar, S. Golge, Jens Erler, A. Shahinyan, Z. E. Meziani, and Paul Souder

Subjects
Physics, Quark, Particle physics, Multidisciplinary, Scattering, Physics beyond the Standard Model, media_common.quotation_subject, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Electroweak interaction, Parity (physics), Electron, Asymmetry, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, media_common
Abstract

Symmetry permeates nature and is fundamental to all laws of physics. One example is parity (mirror) symmetry, which implies that flipping left and right does not change the laws of physics. Laws for electromagnetism, gravity and the subatomic strong force respect parity symmetry, but the subatomic weak force does not. Historically, parity violation in electron scattering has been important in establishing (and now testing) the standard model of particle physics. One particular set of quantities accessible through measurements of parity-violating electron scattering are the effective weak couplings C2q, sensitive to the quarks' chirality preference when participating in the weak force, which have been measured directly only once in the past 40 years. Here we report a measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in electron-quark scattering, which yields a determination of 2C2u - C2d (where u and d denote up and down quarks, respectively) with a precision increased by a factor of five relative to the earlier result. These results provide evidence with greater than 95 per cent confidence that the C2q couplings are non-zero, as predicted by the electroweak theory. They lead to constraints on new parity-violating interactions beyond the standard model, particularly those due to quark chirality. Whereas contemporary particle physics research is focused on high-energy colliders such as the Large Hadron Collider, our results provide specific chirality information on electroweak theory that is difficult to obtain at high energies. Our measurement is relatively free of ambiguity in its interpretation, and opens the door to even more precise measurements in the future.

Published
2014

31. Measurements ofd2nandA1n: Probing the neutron spin structure

Author

T. Averett, C. E. Hyde, A. Saha, R. Subedi, Nilanga Liyanage, R. A. Lindgren, J. J. LeRose, V. Sulkosky, S. K. Nanda, Yujie Qiang, D. Flay, S. Riordan, Fatiha Benmokhtar, Simon Širca, M. H. Shabestari, F. Garibaldi, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, H. Yao, Wolfgang Korsch, Young Do Oh, V. Mamyan, G. D. Cates, A. Kolarkar, R. Michaels, M. M. Dalton, Douglas Higinbotham, Whitney Armstrong, X. Deng, C. Dutta, H. F. Ibrahim, N. Muangma, William A. Tobias, M. Friend, W. Troth, E. Chudakov, Diana Parno, M. Mihovilovic, D. McNulty, Haiyan Gao, X. Zhan, G. J. Kumbartzki, G. Jin, J. P. Chen, J. Gomez, B. Sawatzky, M. Posik, X. Zheng, X. Jiang, Chunhui Chen, X. Yan, Ronald Ransome, Wouter Deconinck, G. B. Franklin, B. Zhao, L. Guo, Z. Ye, B. E. Norum, T. Holmstrom, Xin Qian, A. Shahinyan, E. Long, Y. Zhang, S. Choi, Jen-Chieh Peng, A. Kelleher, J. Huang, A. Lukhanin, Yingxiao Wang, L. El Fassi, Mustafa Canan, Kalyan Allada, Vladimir Nelyubin, Shalev Gilad, L. Yuan, C. W. de Jager, Bryan J. Moffit, S. Golge, Abdurahim Rakhman, Z. E. Meziani, F. Cusanno, P. Solvignon, A. Deur, Yiyang Zhang, Y. X. Ye, William Bertozzi, Amrendra Narayan, Joseph M. Katich, D. Wang, Ronald Gilman, O. Glamazdin, Olfred Hansen, Alexandre Camsonne, and Nuruzzaman

Subjects
Quark, Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, QCD sum rules, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Constituent quark, Lattice QCD, Deep inelastic scattering, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Electron scattering
Abstract

We report on the results of the E06-014 experiment performed at Jefferson Lab in Hall A, where a precision measurement of the twist-3 matrix element d_2 of the neutron (d^n_2) was conducted. The quantity dn_2 represents the average color Lorentz force a struck quark experiences in a deep inelastic electron scattering event off a neutron due to its interaction with the hadronizing remnants. This color force was determined from a linear combination of the third moments of the ^3He spin structure functions, g_1 and g_2, after nuclear corrections had been applied to these moments. The structure functions were obtained from a measurement of the unpolarized cross section and of double-spin asymmetries in the scattering of a longitudinally polarized electron beam from a transversely and a longitudinally polarized ^3He target. The measurement kinematics included two average Q^2 bins of 3.2 GeV^2 and 4.3 GeV^2, and Bjorken-x 0.25≤ x ≤0.90 covering the deep inelastic and resonance regions. We have found that d^n_2 is small and negative for ⟨Q^2⟩=3.2 GeV^2, and even smaller for ⟨Q^2⟩=4.3 GeV^2, consistent with the results of a lattice QCD calculation. The twist-4 matrix element f^n_2 was extracted by combining our measured d^n_2 with the world data on the first moment in x of g^n_1, Γ^n_1. We found f^n_2 to be roughly an order of magnitude larger than dn2. Utilizing the extracted d^n_2 and f^n_2 data, we separated the Lorentz color force into its electric and magnetic components, F^(y,n)_E and F^(y,n)_B, and found them to be equal and opposite in magnitude, in agreement with the predictions from an instanton model but not with those from QCD sum rules. Furthermore, using the measured double-spin asymmetries, we have extracted the virtual photon-nucleon asymmetry on the neutron A^n_1, the structure function ratio g^n_1/F^n_1, and the quark ratios (Δu+Δu)/(u+u) and (Δd+Δd)/(d+d). These results were found to be consistent with deep-inelastic scattering world data and with the prediction of the constituent quark model but at odds with the perturbative quantum chromodynamics predictions at large x.

Published
2016

32. Rosenbluth Separation of the π^{0} Electroproduction Cross Section

Author

M. Brossard, E. Long, William A. Tobias, A. Kelleher, A. Saha, D. J. Margaziotis, Pete Markowitz, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, D. G. Meekins, R. Subedi, O. Glamazdin, Chunhui Chen, S. Chandavar, C. M. Sutera, F. Sabatié, R. De Leo, Olfred Hansen, Maxime Defurne, J. P. Chen, Kiadtisak Saenboonruang, L. El Fassi, W. U. Boeglin, N. Nuruzzaman, B. Sawatzky, Abdurahim Rakhman, S. Golge, M. Magne, M. N. H. Rashad, J. Huang, G. M. Urciuoli, M. Friend, S. Koirala, A. Martí Jiménez-Argüello, S. Riordan, C. W. de Jager, K. A. Aniol, P. Nadel-Turonski, Yujie Qiang, H. Yao, R. A. Lindgren, J. J. LeRose, Andrew Puckett, A. Deur, C. E. Hyde, I. Korover, R. Michaels, Cynthia Keppel, X. Zhan, Z. W. Zhao, Z. Ye, E. Fuchey, Jie Zhang, V. A. Punjabi, P.Y. Bertin, C. Desnault, H. Albataineh, P. Zhu, M. Mazouz, Z. Ahmed, Ho. Kang, G.V. Russo, L. Selvy, R. Paremuzyan, D. Flay, X. Zheng, S. Frullani, V. Bellini, L. Zana, M. Huang, Simon Širca, G. M. Huber, F. Garibaldi, H. Kang, M. Benali, A. Camsonne, Vincent Sulkosky, Juliette Mammei, Franco Meddi, Rolf Ent, J. Roche, D. Gaskell, J. Gomez, M. L. Sperduto, A. Shahinyan, P. Solvignon, Mustafa Canan, Kalyan Allada, M. Mihovilovic, N. Muangma, S. Iqbal, D. Wang, Douglas Higinbotham, F. Itard, T. Holmstrom, C. Muñoz Camacho, B. Zhao, A. Giusa, Tanja Horn, Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Jefferson Lab Hall A

Subjects
Particle physics, longitudinal, interference, General Physics and Astronomy, parton: distribution function, Parton, hard exclusive electroproduction, mesons, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, pi: distribution amplitude, generalized parton distribution: transversity, Pion, deep inelastic scattering, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], quantum chromodynamics: perturbation theory, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, scattering amplitude, momentum transfer, Sigma, nucleon: generalized parton distribution, Scattering amplitude, transverse, Distribution (mathematics), Amplitude, pi0: electroproduction, twist, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nucleon, channel cross section: measured, Jefferson Lab, experimental results
Abstract

We present deeply virtual $\pi^0$ electroproduction cross-section measurements at $x_B$=0.36 and three different $Q^2$--values ranging from 1.5 to 2 GeV$^2$, obtained from experiment E07-007 that ran in the Hall A at Jefferson Lab. The Rosenbluth technique was used to separate the longitudinal and transverse responses. Results demonstrate that the cross section is dominated by its transverse component, and thus is far from the asymptotic limit predicted by perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics. An indication of a non-zero longitudinal contribution is provided by the interference term $\sigma_{LT}$ also measured. Results are compared with several models based on the leading twist approach of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs). In particular, a fair agreement is obtained with models where the scattering amplitude is described by a convolution of chiral-odd (transversity) GPDs of the nucleon with the twist-3 pion distribution amplitude. Therefore, neutral pion electroproduction may offer the exciting possibility of accessing transversity GPDs through experiment., Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letters

Published
2016

33. Measurement of the Target-Normal Single-Spin Asymmetry in Quasielastic Scattering from the ReactionHe3↑(e,e′ )

Author

H. F. Ibrahim, E. Piasetzky, G. D. Cates, Y. Zhang, J. Gomez, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, S. Frullani, C. Dutta, Chunhui Chen, S. Širca, E. Chudakov, William A. Tobias, R. Subedi, Mustafa Canan, Kalyan Allada, G. Jin, X. Zhan, B. Zhao, S. Golge, R. Michaels, X. Zheng, B. Schoenrock, P. Monaghan, B. D. Anderson, O. Glamazdin, Olfred Hansen, J. R. M. Annand, A. Saha, F. Garibaldi, S. K. Nanda, H. P. Khanal, Yujie Qiang, Andrew Puckett, M. H. Shabestari, Pete Markowitz, H. Kang, C. Ayerbe-Gayoso, Z. Ye, M. Posik, B. E. Norum, W. Luo, Rocco Schiavilla, Diana Parno, X. Deng, P. C. Bradshaw, X. Jiang, B. Sawatzky, Yingxiao Wang, Xin Qian, R. De Leo, G. M. Urciuoli, N. Muangma, T. Holmstrom, L. Y. Zhu, Shalev Gilad, Yiyang Zhang, C. W. de Jager, Haiyan Gao, J. P. Chen, L. El Fassi, W. U. Boeglin, Joseph M. Katich, J. Huang, S. Riordan, E. Long, Douglas Higinbotham, M. K. Jones, X. Qiu, M. Mihovilovič, E. Jensen, J. St. John, B. Moffit, Wolfgang Korsch, W. Tireman, K. Pan, K. Wang, A. Deur, P. M. King, Guy Ron, D. Wang, Ronald Gilman, J. W. Watson, V. A. Punjabi, A. Shahinyan, M. Meziane, A. Camsonne, H.-J. Lu, Vincent Sulkosky, T. Averett, R. A. Lindgren, J. J. LeRose, and D. Flay

Subjects
Physics, Quasielastic scattering, Particle physics, Scattering, media_common.quotation_subject, General Physics and Astronomy, Parton, Polarization (waves), Asymmetry, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, Lepton, media_common
Abstract

We report the first measurement of the target single-spin asymmetry, A(y), in quasielastic scattering from the inclusive reaction (3)He(↑)(e,e') on a (3)He gas target polarized normal to the lepton scattering plane. Assuming time-reversal invariance, this asymmetry is strictly zero for one-photon exchange. A nonzero A(y) can arise from the interference between the one- and two-photon exchange processes which is sensitive to the details of the substructure of the nucleon. An experiment recently completed at Jefferson Lab yielded asymmetries with high statistical precision at Q(2)=0.13, 0.46, and 0.97 GeV(2). These measurements demonstrate, for the first time, that the (3)He asymmetry is clearly nonzero and negative at the 4σ-9σ level. Using measured proton-to-(3)He cross-section ratios and the effective polarization approximation, neutron asymmetries of -(1-3)% were obtained. The neutron asymmetry at high Q(2) is related to moments of the generalized parton distributions (GPDs). Our measured neutron asymmetry at Q(2)=0.97 GeV(2) agrees well with a prediction based on two-photon exchange using a GPD model and thus provides a new, independent constraint on these distributions.

Published
2015

34. The Measurement of the Anomalous Magnetic Moment of the Muon at Fermilab

Author

R. Chislett, J. Carroll, D. Cauz, Andrew Smith, M. Lee, A. Anastasi, E. Hazen, M. Eads, G. Pauletta, R. Osofsky, B. Quinn, R. Fatemi, I. Logashenko, S. Baessler, D.A. Sweigart, N. A. Kuchinskiy, M. W. Smith, D. Still, Yannis K. Semertzidis, W. Gohn, K. L. Giovanetti, V. Tishchenko, L. Welty-Rieger, R. Di Stefano, C. Fu, M. Iacovacci, E. Barzi, V. Volnykh, J. F. Ostiguy, D. W. Hertzog, T. Stuttard, V. A. Baranov, C. J. G. Onderwater, Michael Syphers, G. Luo, V. P. Druzhinin, E. Won, P. T. Debevec, C. Yoshikawa, J. Grange, Martin Fertl, Stephen Maxfield, F. Azfar, A. Epps, L Li, P. Winter, C. Johnstone, A. Fioretti, B. Drendel, K. T. Pitts, M R M Warren, L. K. Gibbons, D. Stöckinger, M. Whitley, Donald B. Rubin, M. Rominsky, J. Crnkovic, T. P. Gorringe, T. Walton, C. Ferrari, Z. Meadows, G. Venanzoni, Thomas Teubner, Nicholas A. Pohlman, S. Haciomeroglu, M. Gaisser, M. Wormald, B. Casey, Frederick Gray, H. Freidsam, Marin Karuza, K. R. Lynch, P. Kammel, S. Henry, S.B. Dabagov, A. L. Lyon, C. Schlesier, E. Motuk, Yuri F. Orlov, D. Allspach, N. Rider, T. J. V. Bowcock, B. Abi, N. Kinnaird, D. Babusci, A. Para, R. M. Carey, A. de Gouvea, J. Johnstone, J. P. Miller, S. Lee, A.T. Fienberg, G. Di Sciascio, Y. Kim, H. Schellman, L.P. Alonzi, H Yang, H. Kamal Sayed, B. L. Roberts, Edward J. Swanson, V. N. Duginov, E. Ramberg, E. Frlez, N. S. Froemming, I. Kourbanis, J. Mott, L. Santi, D. Kawall, Giovanni Cantatore, N. V. Khomutov, G. Corradi, D. Flay, C. C. Polly, Nicholas Eggert, S. Marignetti, R. Bjorkquist, S. Kim, Benjamin T. King, D. Moricciani, C. Gabbanini, A. Tewlsey-Booth, V. Krylov, Yu. M. Shatunov, Andre Frankenthal, S. Leo, M. E. Convery, S. Mastroianni, A. Chapelain, A. Palladino, Andrzej Wolski, H. Nguyen, B. Kiburg, Alexander Mikhailichenko, K. W. Merritt, J. Kaspar, Dinko Pocanic, M. Popovic, M. Lancaster, W. M. Morse, Timothy Chupp, M. McEvoy, Dariush Hampai, X. Ji, M. Shenk, S. Al-Kilani, A. K. Soha, D. A. Tarazona, Klaus-Peter Jungmann, Alejandro Garcia, Logashenko, I., Grange, J., Winter, P., Carey, R. M., Hazen, E., Kinnaird, N., Miller, J. P., Mott, J., Roberts, B. L., Crnkovic, J., Morse, W. M., Sayed, H. Kamal, Tishchenko, V., Druzhinin, V. P., Shatunov, Y. M., Bjorkquist, R., Chapelain, A., Eggert, N., Frankenthal, A., Gibbons, L., Kim, S., Mikhailichenko, A., Orlov, Y., Rider, N., Rubin, D., Sweigart, D., Allspach, D., Barzi, E., Casey, B., Convery, M. E., Drendel, B., Freidsam, H., Johnstone, C., Johnstone, J., Kiburg, B., Kourbanis, I., Lyon, A. L., Merritt, K. W., Morgan, J. P., Nguyen, H., Ostiguy, J. F., Para, A., Polly, C. C., Popovic, M., Ramberg, E., Rominsky, M., Soha, A. K., Still, D., Walton, T., Yoshikawa, C., Jungmann, K., Onderwater, C. J. G., Debevec, P., Leo, S., Pitts, K., Schlesier, C., Anastasi, A., Babusci, D., Corradi, G., Hampai, D., Palladino, A., Venanzoni, G., Dabagov, S., Ferrari, C., Fioretti, A., Gabbanini, C., Di Stefano, R., Marignetti, S., Iacovacci, M., Mastroianni, S., Di Sciascio, G., Moricciani, D., Cantatore, Giovanni, Karuza, M., Giovanetti, K., Baranov, V., Duginov, V., Khomutov, N., Krylov, V., Kuchinskiy, N., Volnykh, V., Gaisser, M., Haciomeroglu, S., Kim, Y., Lee, S., Lee, M., Semertzidis, Y. K., Won, E., Fatemi, R., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Bowcock, T., Carroll, J., King, B., Maxfield, S., Smith, A., Teubner, T., Whitley, M., Wormald, M., Wolski, A., Al Kilani, S., Chislett, R., Lancaster, M., Motuk, E., Stuttard, T., Warren, M., Flay, D., Kawall, D., Meadows, Z., Syphers, M., Tarazona, D., Chupp, T., Tewlsey Booth, A., Quinn, B., Eads, M., Epps, A., Luo, G., Mcevoy, M., Pohlman, N., Shenk, M., de Gouvea, A., Welty Rieger, L., Schellman, H., Abi, B., Azfar, F., Henry, S., Gray, F., Fu, C., Ji, X., Li, L., Yang, H., Stockinger, D., Cauz, D., Pauletta, G., Santi, L., Baessler, S., Frlez, E., Pocanic, D., Alonzi, L. P., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A., Froemming, N., Garcia, A., Hertzog, D. W., Kammel, P., Kaspar, J., Osofsky, R., Smith, M., Swanson, E., Lynch, K., Precision Frontier, Ostiguy, J. -F., Cantatore, G., Al-Kilani, S., Tewlsey-Booth, A., Welty-Rieger, L., and Abys, Salvatore

Subjects
Particle physics, magnetic moment, standard model, General Physics and Astronomy, Standard deviation, Standard Model, Muon magnetic moment, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), anomalous magnetic moment, Positron, muon anomaly, muon, Fermilab, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, instrumentation, Physics, Muon, Anomalous magnetic moment, Standard model, Chemistry (all), Anomalous magnetic dipole moment, Magnetic moment, General Chemistry, Magnetic field, High Energy Physics::Experiment, measurement, muon, magnetic moment, instrumentation, measurement
Abstract

The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon is one of the most precisely measured quantities in experimental particle physics. Its latest measurement at Brookhaven National Laboratory deviates from the Standard Model expectation by approximately 3.5 standard deviations. The goal of the new experiment, E989, now under construction at Fermilab, is a fourfold improvement in precision. Here, we discuss the details of the future measurement and its current status. C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4917553]

Published
2015

35. Measurement of the Target-Normal Single-Spin Asymmetry in Quasielastic Scattering from the Reaction (3)He(↑)(e,e')

Author

Y-W, Zhang, E, Long, M, Mihovilovič, G, Jin, K, Allada, B, Anderson, J R M, Annand, T, Averett, C, Ayerbe-Gayoso, W, Boeglin, P, Bradshaw, A, Camsonne, M, Canan, G D, Cates, C, Chen, J P, Chen, E, Chudakov, R, De Leo, X, Deng, A, Deur, C, Dutta, L, El Fassi, D, Flay, S, Frullani, F, Garibaldi, H, Gao, S, Gilad, R, Gilman, O, Glamazdin, S, Golge, J, Gomez, O, Hansen, D W, Higinbotham, T, Holmstrom, J, Huang, H, Ibrahim, C W, de Jager, E, Jensen, X, Jiang, J, St John, M, Jones, H, Kang, J, Katich, H P, Khanal, P, King, W, Korsch, J, LeRose, R, Lindgren, H-J, Lu, W, Luo, P, Markowitz, M, Meziane, R, Michaels, B, Moffit, P, Monaghan, N, Muangma, S, Nanda, B E, Norum, K, Pan, D, Parno, E, Piasetzky, M, Posik, V, Punjabi, A J R, Puckett, X, Qian, Y, Qiang, X, Qiu, S, Riordan, G, Ron, A, Saha, B, Sawatzky, R, Schiavilla, B, Schoenrock, M, Shabestari, A, Shahinyan, S, Širca, R, Subedi, V, Sulkosky, W A, Tobias, W, Tireman, G M, Urciuoli, D, Wang, K, Wang, Y, Wang, J, Watson, B, Wojtsekhowski, Z, Ye, X, Zhan, Y, Zhang, X, Zheng, B, Zhao, and L, Zhu

Abstract

We report the first measurement of the target single-spin asymmetry, A(y), in quasielastic scattering from the inclusive reaction (3)He(↑)(e,e') on a (3)He gas target polarized normal to the lepton scattering plane. Assuming time-reversal invariance, this asymmetry is strictly zero for one-photon exchange. A nonzero A(y) can arise from the interference between the one- and two-photon exchange processes which is sensitive to the details of the substructure of the nucleon. An experiment recently completed at Jefferson Lab yielded asymmetries with high statistical precision at Q(2)=0.13, 0.46, and 0.97 GeV(2). These measurements demonstrate, for the first time, that the (3)He asymmetry is clearly nonzero and negative at the 4σ-9σ level. Using measured proton-to-(3)He cross-section ratios and the effective polarization approximation, neutron asymmetries of -(1-3)% were obtained. The neutron asymmetry at high Q(2) is related to moments of the generalized parton distributions (GPDs). Our measured neutron asymmetry at Q(2)=0.97 GeV(2) agrees well with a prediction based on two-photon exchange using a GPD model and thus provides a new, independent constraint on these distributions.

Published
2015

36. The New Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab

Author

B. Abi T. Albahri, S. Al-Kilani, D. Allspach, L. P. Alonzi, A. Anastasi, F. Azfar, D. Babusci, S. Baessler, V. A. Baranov, E. Barzi, R. Bjorkquist, T. Bowcock, G. Cantatore, R. M. Carey, J. Carroll, B. Casey, D. Cauz, A. Chapelain, S. Chappa, S. Chattopadhyay, R. Chislett, T. E. Chupp, M. Convery, G. Corradi, J. Crnkovic, S. Dabagov, P. T. Debevec, G. Di Sciascio, R. Di Stefano, B. Drendel, V. P. Druzhinin, V. N. Duginov, M. Eads, N. Eggert, A. Epps, R. Fatemi, C. Ferrari, M. Fertl, A. T. Fienberg, A. Fioretti, D. Flay, A. S. Frankenthal, H. Friedsam, E. Frlez, N. S. Froemming, C. Fu, C. Gabbanini, M. Gaisser, S. Ganguly, A. Garcia, J. George, L. K. Gibbons, K. L. Giovanetti, S. Goadhouse, W. Gohn, T. Gorringe, J. Grange, F. Gray, S. Haciomeroglu, T. Halewood-Leagas, D. Hampai, E. Hazen, S. Henry, D. W. Hertzog, J. L. Holzbauer, M. Iacovacci, C. Johnstone, J. A. Johnstone, K. Jungmann, H. Kamal Sayed, P. Kammel, M. Karuza, J. Kaspar, D. Kawall, L. Kelton, K. S. Khaw, N. V. Khomutov, B. Kiburg, S. C. Kim, Y. I. Kim, B. King, N. Kinnaird, I. A. Koop, I. Kourbanis, V. A. Krylov, A. Kuchibhotla, N. A. Kuchinskiy, M. Lancaster, M. J. Lee, S. Lee, S. Leo, L. Li, I. Logashenko, G. Luo, K. R. Lynch, A. Lyon, S. Marignetti, S. Mastroianni, S. Maxfield, M. McEvoy, Z. Meadows, W. Merritt, A. A. Mikhailichenko, J. P. Miller, J. P. Morgan, D. Moricciani, W. M. Morse, J. Mott, E. Motuk, H. Nguyen, Y. Orlov, R. Osofsky, J. -F. Ostiguy, A. Palladino, G. Pauletta, K. Pitts, D. Pocanic, N. Pohlman, C. Polly, J. Price, B. Quinn, N. Raha, E. Ramberg, N. T. Rider, J. L. Ritchie, B. L. Roberts, M. Rominsky, D. L. Rubin, L. Santi, C. Schlesier, Y. K. Semertzidis, Y. M. Shatunov, M. Shenk, A. Smith, M. W. Smith, A. Soha, E. Solodov, D. Still, D. Stöckinger, T. Stuttard, H. E. Swanson, D. A. Sweigart, M. J. Syphers, S. Szustkowski, D. Tarazona, T. Teubner, A. E. Tewlsey-Booth, V. Tishchenko, G. Venanzoni, V. P. Volnykh, T. Walton, M. Warren, L. Welty-Rieger, M. Whitley, P. Winter, A. Wolski, E. Won, M. Wormald, W. Wu, H. Yang, C. Yoshikawa, Albahri, B. Abi T., Al-Kilani, S., Allspach, D., Alonzi, L. P., Anastasi, A., Azfar, F., Babusci, D., Baessler, S., Baranov, V. A., Barzi, E., Bjorkquist, R., Bowcock, T., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Carroll, J., Casey, B., Cauz, D., Chapelain, A., Chappa, S., Chattopadhyay, S., Chislett, R., Chupp, T. E., Convery, M., Corradi, G., Crnkovic, J., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Drendel, B., Druzhinin, V. P., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Eggert, N., Epps, A., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Frankenthal, A. S., Friedsam, H., Frlez, E., Froemming, N. S., Fu, C., Gabbanini, C., Gaisser, M., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Giovanetti, K. L., Goadhouse, S., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Hazen, E., Henry, S., Hertzog, D. W., Holzbauer, J. L., Iacovacci, M., Johnstone, C., Johnstone, J. A., Jungmann, K., Kamal Sayed, H., Kammel, P., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Khaw, K. S., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kim, S. C., Kim, Y. I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Koop, I. A., Kourbanis, I., Krylov, V. A., Kuchibhotla, A., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. J., Lee, S., Leo, S., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Luo, G., Lynch, K. R., Lyon, A., Marignetti, S., Mastroianni, S., Maxfield, S., Mcevoy, M., Meadows, Z., Merritt, W., Mikhailichenko, A. A., Miller, J. P., Morgan, J. P., Moricciani, D., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Motuk, E., Nguyen, H., Orlov, Y., Osofsky, R., Ostiguy, J. -F., Palladino, A., Pauletta, G., Pitts, K., Pocanic, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramberg, E., Rider, N. T., Ritchie, J. L., Roberts, B. L., Rominsky, M., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Schlesier, C., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shatunov, Y. M., Shenk, M., Smith, A., Smith, M. W., Soha, A., Solodov, E., Still, D., Stöckinger, D., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. E., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Szustkowski, S., Tarazona, D., Teubner, T., Tewlsey-Booth, A. E., Tishchenko, V., Venanzoni, G., Volnykh, V. P., Walton, T., Warren, M., Welty-Rieger, L., Whitley, M., Winter, P., Wolski, A., Won, E., Wormald, M., Wu, W., Yang, H., and Yoshikawa, C.

Subjects
Precision Physics, Muon magnetic anomaly, Muon g-2 experiment
Abstract

There is a long standing discrepancy between the Standard Model prediction for the muon and the value measured by the Brookhaven E821 Experiment. At present the discrepancy stands at about three standard deviations, with a comparable accuracy between experiment and theory. Two new proposals – at Fermilab and J-PARC – plan to improve the experimental uncertainty by a factor of 4, and it is expected that there will be a significant reduction in the uncertainty of the Standard Model prediction. I will review the status of the planned experiment at Fermilab, E989, which will analyse 21 times more muons than the BNL experiment and discuss how the systematic uncertainty will be reduced by a factor of 3 such that a precision of 0.14 ppm can be achieved.

Published
2015

37. Measurement of Double-Polarization Asymmetries in the QuasielasticHe→3(e→,e′d)Process

Author

P. U. Sauer, M. Viviani, V. A. Punjabi, T. Averett, W. Tireman, P. M. King, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, Yiyang Zhang, M. H. Shabestari, C. Dutta, William A. Tobias, F. Garibaldi, H. P. Khanal, Joseph M. Katich, A. Shahinyan, Simon Širca, R. Skibiński, Mustafa Canan, H. Kang, Kalyan Allada, B. D. Anderson, M. Mihovilovic, Z. Ye, Douglas Higinbotham, A. Deltuva, A. Deur, M. K. Jones, B. E. Norum, G. D. Cates, X. Deng, E. Jensen, Y. Zhang, Yingxiao Wang, Wolfgang Korsch, K. Pan, X. Jiang, Henryk Witała, L. E. Marcucci, K. Wang, L. Y. Zhu, G. M. Urciuoli, Xin Qian, N. Muangma, Shalev Gilad, C. W. de Jager, J. St. John, S. Riordan, X. Zhan, B. Moffit, A. Kievsky, B. Schoenrock, S. Golge, H. F. Ibrahim, L. El Fassi, W. U. Boeglin, Diana Parno, E. Long, J. Watson, D. Wang, E. Chudakov, Pete Markowitz, Ronald Gilman, R. A. Lindgren, J. J. LeRose, O. Glamazdin, R. De Leo, Olfred Hansen, J. R. M. Annand, G. Jin, J. P. Chen, W. Luo, X. Zheng, Haiyan Gao, B. Zhao, S. K. Nanda, J. Huang, Yujie Qiang, Andrew Puckett, J. Gomez, P. Monaghan, Rocco Schiavilla, D. Flay, B. Sawatzky, M. Meziane, A. Camsonne, T. Holmstrom, H.-J. Lu, Vincent Sulkosky, Jacek Golak, X. Qui, R. Michaels, M. Posik, E. Piasetzky, S. Frullani, R. Subedi, Arijit Saha, Chunhui Chen, and P. C. Bradshaw

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Scattering, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, Kinematics, Few-body systems, Functional dependency, Polarization (waves), Omega
Abstract

We present a precise measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in the 3He(e,e'd) reaction. This particular process is a uniquely sensitive probe of hadron dynamics in 3He and the structure of the underlying electromagnetic currents. The measurements have been performed in and around quasi-elastic kinematics at Q2=0.25(GeV/c)2 for missing momenta up to 270MeV/c. The asymmetries are in fair agreement with the state-of-the-art calculations in terms of their functional dependencies on pm and omega, but are systematically offset. Beyond the region of the quasi-elastic peak, the discrepancies become even more pronounced. Thus, our measurements have been able to reveal deficiencies in the most sophisticated calculations of the three-body nuclear system, and indicate that further refinement in the treatment of their two- and/or three-body dynamics is required.

Published
2014

38. Precision Measurement of the Neutron Twist-3 Matrix Elementd2n: Probing Color Forces

Author

H. F. Ibrahim, T. Averett, C. E. Hyde, B. Zhao, V. Mamyan, E. Chudakov, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, F. Cusanno, Fatiha Benmokhtar, Whitney Armstrong, R. Michaels, A. Kolarkar, S. Choi, Y. Zhang, X. Yan, Xin Qian, Mustafa Canan, G. D. Cates, Kalyan Allada, Yiyang Zhang, Amrendra Narayan, Joseph M. Katich, G. B. Franklin, Young Do Oh, W. Troth, A. Saha, N. Muangma, Wouter Deconinck, A. Shahinyan, T. Holmstrom, M. Mihovilovic, M. H. Shabestari, Haiyan Gao, D. Wang, G. Jin, X. Zheng, R. A. Lindgren, L. Guo, J. J. LeRose, R. Subedi, Ronald Gilman, H. Yao, E. Long, S. Golge, M. Posik, X. Deng, Wolfgang Korsch, Douglas Higinbotham, A. Kelleher, M. Friend, S. K. Nanda, Yujie Qiang, X. Jiang, D. Flay, Y. X. Ye, P. Solvignon, D. McNulty, G. Kumbartzki, Nuruzzaman, Z. E. Meziani, Simon Širca, Chunhui Chen, F. Garibaldi, B. Moffit, B. Sawatzky, A. Deur, Yingxiao Wang, O. Glamazdin, Olfred Hansen, A. Camsonne, Z. Ye, B. E. Norum, Vincent Sulkosky, J. Gomez, Shalev Gilad, Jen-Chieh Peng, X. Zhan, L. Yuan, C. W. de Jager, Diana Parno, C. Dutta, William A. Tobias, J. P. Chen, J. Huang, A. Lukhanin, William Bertozzi, L. El Fassi, Nilanga Liyanage, Abdurahim Rakhman, Vladimir Nelyubin, M. M. Dalton, and S. Riordan

Subjects
Physics, Scattering, General Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Electron, Lattice QCD, Atomic physics, Spin structure, Deep inelastic scattering, Resonance (particle physics), Beam (structure)
Abstract

Double-spin asymmetries and absolute cross sections were measured at large Bjorken x (0.25≤x≤0.90), in both the deep-inelastic and resonance regions, by scattering longitudinally polarized electrons at beam energies of 4.7 and 5.9 GeV from a transversely and longitudinally polarized ^3He target. In this dedicated experiment, the spin structure function g^3He_2 was determined with precision at large x, and the neutron twist-3 matrix element dn2 was measured at ⟨Q2⟩ of 3.21 and 4.32 GeV^2/c^2, with an absolute precision of about 10^(−5). Our results are found to be in agreement with lattice QCD calculations and resolve the disagreement found with previous data at ⟨Q^2⟩=5 GeV^2/c^2. Combining d^n_2 and a newly extracted twist-4 matrix element f^n_2, the average neutron color electric and magnetic forces were extracted and found to be of opposite sign and about 30 MeV/fm in magnitude.

Published
2014

39. Probing the Repulsive Core of the Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction via theHe4(e,e′pN)Triple-Coincidence Reaction

Author

I. Korover, B. Zhao, Chunhui Chen, Karl Slifer, R. Shneor, Whitney Armstrong, Larry Weinstein, Salvatore Frullani, Franco Garibaldi, Wouter Deconinck, D. J. Margaziotis, A. Daniel, Simon Širca, N. Muangma, L. Selvy, J. P. Chen, G. Jin, X. Zheng, Bellini, S. K. Phillips, R. Subedi, E. Long, D. Wang, Ronald Gilman, John Arrington, E. Cisbani, Maxime Defurne, I. Yaron, P. Monaghan, Z. Ahmed, P. E. Reimer, Or Hen, H. Kang, O. Rondon-Aramayo, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, T. Badman, Douglas Higinbotham, Z. E. Meziani, H. Baghdasaryan, M. Mihovilovič, T. Averett, William Bertozzi, Xin Qian, Marti Jimenez-Arguello A, Ping Zhu, Z. W. Zhao, Z. Ye, B. E. Norum, A. Saha, O. Glamazdin, K. Chirapatpimol, D. G. Meekins, Juliette Mammei, P. Solvignon, Ishay Pomerantz, Yujie Qiang, David Hamilton, Kalyan Allada, W. B. Yan, J. R. M. Annand, Pete Markowitz, M. Posik, Hashemi Shabestari M, D. Anez, K. Pan, X. Bai, Munoz Camacho C, W. U. Boeglin, B. D. Anderson, R. A. Lindgren, J. J. LeRose, Nuruzzaman, E. Piasetzky, H. Albataineh, Fatiha Benmokhtar, Nikolaos Sparveris, J. O. Hansen, Beck S, Yiyang Zhang, M. M. Dalton, N. Fomin, A. Beck, Punjabi, E. Fuchey, D. Gaskell, D. Flay, P. Aguilera, S. Riordan, E. Schulte, de Jager Cw, Paul Gueye, Donal Day, A. Camsonne, M. Huang, S. A. Wood, T. Holmstrom, C. Hanretty, J. Sjoegren, Kalantarians N, A. Kelleher, Abdurahim Rakhman, X. Qiu, R. Michaels, A. Shahinyan, Gu C, S. Iqbal, Guy Ron, J. Bittner, W. Tireman, J. Leckey, De Leo R, Sulkosky, Jie Zhang, R. Zielinski, J. W. Watson, Khandaker M, X. Zhan, M. Friend, Shalev Gilad, and K. A. Aniol

Subjects
Physics, Range (particle radiation), Proton, Nuclear Theory, General Physics and Astronomy, Momentum, Nuclear physics, Isospin, Neutron, Tensor, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, Excitation
Abstract

We studied simultaneously the 4He(e,e'p), 4He(e,e'pp), and 4He(e,e'pn) reactions at Q2=2 [GeV/c]2 and xB >1, for a (e,e'p) missing-momentum range of 400 to 830 MeV/c. The knocked-out proton was detected in coincidence with a proton or neutron recoiling almost back to back to the missing momentum, leaving the residual A=2 system at low excitation energy. These data were used to identify two-nucleon short-range correlated pairs and to deduce their isospin structure as a function of missing momentum in a region where the nucleon-nucleon force is expected to change from predominantly tensor to repulsive. Neutron-proton pairs dominate the high-momentum tail of the nucleon momentum distributions, but their abundance is reduced as the nucleon momentum increases beyond ~500 MeV/c. The extracted fraction of proton-proton pairs is small and almost independent of the missing momentum in the range we studied. Our data are compared with ab-initio calculations of two-nucleon momentum distributions in 4He.

Published
2014

40. Precision measurement of the neutron twist-3 matrix element d(2)(n): probing color forces

Author

M, Posik, D, Flay, D S, Parno, K, Allada, W, Armstrong, T, Averett, F, Benmokhtar, W, Bertozzi, A, Camsonne, M, Canan, G D, Cates, C, Chen, J-P, Chen, S, Choi, E, Chudakov, F, Cusanno, M M, Dalton, W, Deconinck, C W, de Jager, X, Deng, A, Deur, C, Dutta, L, El Fassi, G B, Franklin, M, Friend, H, Gao, F, Garibaldi, S, Gilad, R, Gilman, O, Glamazdin, S, Golge, J, Gomez, L, Guo, O, Hansen, D W, Higinbotham, T, Holmstrom, J, Huang, C, Hyde, H F, Ibrahim, X, Jiang, G, Jin, J, Katich, A, Kelleher, A, Kolarkar, W, Korsch, G, Kumbartzki, J J, LeRose, R, Lindgren, N, Liyanage, E, Long, A, Lukhanin, V, Mamyan, D, McNulty, Z-E, Meziani, R, Michaels, M, Mihovilovič, B, Moffit, N, Muangma, S, Nanda, A, Narayan, V, Nelyubin, B, Norum, Nuruzzaman, Y, Oh, J C, Peng, X, Qian, Y, Qiang, A, Rakhman, S, Riordan, A, Saha, B, Sawatzky, M H, Shabestari, A, Shahinyan, S, Širca, P, Solvignon, R, Subedi, V, Sulkosky, W A, Tobias, W, Troth, D, Wang, Y, Wang, B, Wojtsekhowski, X, Yan, H, Yao, Y, Ye, Z, Ye, L, Yuan, X, Zhan, Y, Zhang, Y-W, Zhang, B, Zhao, and X, Zheng

Abstract

Double-spin asymmetries and absolute cross sections were measured at large Bjorken x (0.25≤x≤0.90), in both the deep-inelastic and resonance regions, by scattering longitudinally polarized electrons at beam energies of 4.7 and 5.9 GeV from a transversely and longitudinally polarized (3)He target. In this dedicated experiment, the spin structure function g(2)((3)He) was determined with precision at large x, and the neutron twist-3 matrix element d(2)(n) was measured at ⟨Q(2)⟩ of 3.21 and 4.32 GeV(2)/c(2), with an absolute precision of about 10(-5). Our results are found to be in agreement with lattice QCD calculations and resolve the disagreement found with previous data at ⟨Q(2)⟩=5 GeV(2)/c(2). Combining d(2)(n) and a newly extracted twist-4 matrix element f(2)(n), the average neutron color electric and magnetic forces were extracted and found to be of opposite sign and about 30 MeV/fm in magnitude.

Published
2014

41. Measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in the quasielastic he → 3 (e →,e′d) process

Author

M, Mihovilovič, G, Jin, E, Long, Y-W, Zhang, K, Allada, B, Anderson, J R M, Annand, T, Averett, W, Boeglin, P, Bradshaw, A, Camsonne, M, Canan, G D, Cates, C, Chen, J P, Chen, E, Chudakov, R, De Leo, X, Deng, A, Deltuva, A, Deur, C, Dutta, L, El Fassi, D, Flay, S, Frullani, F, Garibaldi, H, Gao, S, Gilad, R, Gilman, O, Glamazdin, J, Golak, S, Golge, J, Gomez, O, Hansen, D W, Higinbotham, T, Holmstrom, J, Huang, H, Ibrahim, C W, de Jager, E, Jensen, X, Jiang, M, Jones, H, Kang, J, Katich, H P, Khanal, A, Kievsky, P, King, W, Korsch, J, LeRose, R, Lindgren, H-J, Lu, W, Luo, L E, Marcucci, P, Markowitz, M, Meziane, R, Michaels, B, Moffit, P, Monaghan, N, Muangma, S, Nanda, B E, Norum, K, Pan, D, Parno, E, Piasetzky, M, Posik, V, Punjabi, A J R, Puckett, X, Qian, Y, Qiang, X, Qui, S, Riordan, A, Saha, P U, Sauer, B, Sawatzky, R, Schiavilla, B, Schoenrock, M, Shabestari, A, Shahinyan, S, Širca, R, Skibiński, J St, John, R, Subedi, V, Sulkosky, W A, Tobias, W, Tireman, G M, Urciuoli, M, Viviani, D, Wang, K, Wang, Y, Wang, J, Watson, B, Wojtsekhowski, H, Witała, Z, Ye, X, Zhan, Y, Zhang, X, Zheng, B, Zhao, and L, Zhu

Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (all)
Abstract

We present a precise measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in the ^{3}He[over →](e[over →],e^{'}d) reaction. This particular process is a uniquely sensitive probe of hadron dynamics in ^{3}He and the structure of the underlying electromagnetic currents. The measurements have been performed in and around quasielastic kinematics at Q^{2}=0.25(GeV/c)^{2} for missing momenta up to 270 MeV/c. The asymmetries are in fair agreement with the state-of-the-art calculations in terms of their functional dependencies on p_{m} and ω, but are systematically offset. Beyond the region of the quasielastic peak, the discrepancies become even more pronounced. Thus, our measurements have been able to reveal deficiencies in the most sophisticated calculations of the three-body nuclear system, and indicate that further refinement in the treatment of their two-and/or three-body dynamics is required.

Published
2014

42. Measurement of the Parity-Violating Asymmetry in Electron-Deuteron Scattering in the Nucleon Resonance Region

Author

M. Friend, B. P. Quinn, S. Frullani, K. Hafidi, J. G. Rubin, A. V. Glamazdin, P. E. Reimer, E. Cisbani, Douglas Higinbotham, S. Kowalski, D. McNulty, Arijit Saha, Nilanga Liyanage, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, J. P. Chen, C. E. Hyde, B. Zhao, A. Deur, Paul Souder, Vladimir Nelyubin, Nuruzzaman, A. Shahinyan, X. Zheng, E. Long, D. S. Armstrong, Wouter Deconinck, J. Huang, K. Pan, G. M. Urciuoli, K. E. Myers, G. D. Cates, Jongmin Lee, Kent Paschke, A. Giusa, Olfred Hansen, G.V. Russo, John Arrington, K. S. Kumar, A. Camsonne, S. Golge, R. Subedi, R. S. Beminiwattha, Abdurahim Rakhman, Diana Parno, G. B. Franklin, Vincent Sulkosky, Fatiha Benmokhtar, S. K. Nanda, Yujie Qiang, B. Sawatzky, D. Wang, N. Muangma, S. K. Phillips, Z. Ahmed, R. Silwal, Young Do Oh, R. J. Holt, M. M. Dalton, J. J. LeRose, B. Waidyawansa, Xin Qian, R. Holmes, M. Mihovilovic, S. Riordan, L. Mercado, P. M. King, Franco Meddi, Z. E. Meziani, Jay Benesch, Kiadtisak Saenboonruang, D. G. Meekins, H. Kang, C. M. Sutera, X. Deng, D. Flay, K. Rider, Mustafa Canan, Kalyan Allada, C. W. de Jager, K. A. Aniol, C. M. Jen, L. El Fassi, C. Dutta, R. De Leo, William A. Tobias, D. C. Jones, E. Chudakov, R. Michaels, Amrendra Narayan, T. Holmstrom, J. Roche, V. Bellini, Simon Širca, F. Garibaldi, R. Suleiman, K. Grimm, D. J. Margaziotis, and L. Ye

Subjects
Physics, Quark, Particle physics, Scattering, media_common.quotation_subject, Nuclear Theory, Electroweak interaction, Hadron, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Inelastic scattering, Asymmetry, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment, Electron scattering, media_common
Abstract

We report on parity-violating asymmetries in the nucleon resonance region measured using $5 - 6$ GeV longitudinally polarized electrons scattering off an unpolarized deuterium target. These results are the first parity-violating asymmetry data in the resonance region beyond the $\Delta(1232)$, and provide a verification of quark-hadron duality in the nucleon electroweak $\gamma Z$ interference structure functions at the (10-15)% level. The results are of particular interest to models relevant for calculating the $\gamma Z$ box-diagram corrections to elastic parity-violating electron scattering measurements., Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett

Published
2013
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43. The effects of radiotherapy and surgery on the sexual function of women treated for cervical cancer

Author

Linda D. Flay and John H L Matthews

Subjects
Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Sexual Behavior, medicine.medical_treatment, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Hysterectomy, Patient satisfaction, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Combined Modality Therapy, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Neoplasm Staging, Cervical cancer, Radiation, Radiotherapy, business.industry, Coitus, Radiotherapy Dosage, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Radiation therapy, Clinical trial, Sexual dysfunction, Oncology, Patient Satisfaction, Female, medicine.symptom, Sexual function, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Purpose This study investigated the short- and medium-term effects of pelvic radiotherapy and surgery on the sexual function of women treated for cervical cancer. Methods and materials Sixteen women with Stages I, II, or III disease referred for radiotherapy treatment were assessed. Six had undergone prior hysterectomy. The women were assessed with questionnaires prior to radiotherapy, at completion of radiotherapy, and at 6 weeks and 14 weeks after radiotherapy treatment. The clinical findings at routine follow-up were noted. Results The study showed significant changes in sexual activity and satisfaction as a result of treatment. This was due to a number of physical and psychological factors. The level of sexual activity was lowest at completion of radiotherapy treatment. A feeling of vaginal shortening was the most frequent reason and was more common in women who were treated with surgery and radiotherapy. Dyspareunia, bleeding, and concern of bleeding and/or recurrence were all significant factors. Conclusions The questionnaires were an effective way of assessing women's sexual function. Radiotherapy caused sexual dysfunction in one-half of women. Combined treatment with radiotherapy and surgery results in a higher risk than radiotherapy alone. Women with cervical cancer and undergoing radiotherapy treatment require considerable counseling and support.

Published
1995

44. New Measurements of the Transverse Beam Asymmetry for Elastic Electron Scattering from Selected Nuclei

Author

P. M. King, H. Yao, H. Albataineh, B. Craver, William A. Tobias, J. Leckey, A. Kolarkar, Jie Zhang, Kiadtisak Saenboonruang, S. Frullani, B. Waidyawansa, P. Y. Bertin, J. P. Chen, M. L. Sperduto, E. Kuchina, Jaideep Singh, K. de Jager, M. Friend, B. Reitz, J. Barber, K. Otis, Charles Horowitz, Yiyang Zhang, J. Huang, G. M. Urciuoli, C. M. Jen, A. Barbieri, M. M. Dalton, Young Do Oh, C. M. Sutera, S. K. Nanda, Yujie Qiang, E. Cisbani, Eric L. N. Jensen, D. Neyret, A. J. R. Puckett, G. B. Franklin, Joseph M. Katich, M. Poelker, D. J. Margaziotis, R. Holmes, N. Muangma, S. K. Phillips, B. P. Quinn, A. Etile, J. Roche, Wouter Deconinck, V. Yim, S. Riordan, D. Deepa, T. Bielarski, D. Lhuillier, G.V. Russo, K. Grimm, E. Fuchey, R. Michaels, Douglas Higinbotham, R. A. Lindgren, J. J. LeRose, S. Kowalski, V. Bellini, F. Itard, R. Subedi, S. Johnston, A. Palmer, A. Beck, T. Averett, F. Mammoliti, M. Mihovilovic, A. Shahinyan, J. M. Finn, M. Stutzman, D. S. Armstrong, J. Wexler, Z. Ahmed, L. Zana, E. Voutier, C. E. Hyde, E. Burtin, Guy Ron, E. Gasser, X. Zhan, F. Cusanno, F. Butaru, Pete Markowitz, P. E. Reimer, K. Wang, Lindsay Glesener, P. Carter, M. Posik, S. Abrahamyan, P. Monaghan, Peter S. LaViolette, B. Babineau, Simon Širca, A. Giusa, John Arrington, X. Yan, F. Garibaldi, Nilanga Liyanage, L. Lagamba, Kent Paschke, Olfred Hansen, T. Holmstrom, S. Fuchs, D. Flay, M. Mazouz, Richard Wilson, R. Suleiman, V. Ziskin, J. Leacock, Fatiha Benmokhtar, P. Solvignon, Mustafa Canan, Amber McCreary, J. R. Hoskins, R. De Leo, A. V. Glamazdin, Antonin Vacheret, A. Acha, L. Mercado, Seonho Choi, R. S. Beminiwattha, Paul Souder, Diana Parno, R. Snyder, D. Lambert, Whitney Armstrong, X. Deng, Z. E. Meziani, S. L. Bailey, N. Lubinsky, G. D. Cates, J. Gomez, D. Wang, Juliette Mammei, C. Muñoz-Camacho, K. A. Aniol, Jongmin Lee, P. Bosted, Bryan J. Moffit, B. Sawatzky, R. J. Feuerbach, R. I. Pomatsalyuk, A. Deur, D. McNulty, Arijit Saha, Ronald Gilman, A. Whitbeck, X. Jiang, Jay Benesch, J. Hansknecht, C. Gu, Z. Ye, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, Xin Qian, Vladimir Nelyubin, Andrei Afanasev, C. Ferdi, K. Kliakhandler, D. G. Meekins, H. Benaoum, H. F. Ibrahim, W. Troth, K. Prok, A. Camsonne, Ping Zhu, L. J. Kaufman, Chunhui Chen, Vincent Sulkosky, J. Cahoon, K. Fuoti, Dipangkar Dutta, Nuruzzaman, T. B. Humensky, P. Decowski, P. E. Ulmer, Y. C. Chao, K. McCormick, A. Kelleher, G. Jin, Abdurahim Rakhman, R. Silwal, Y. X. Ye, X. Zheng, J. Grames, Mikhail Gorchtein, C. C. Chang, K. S. Kumar, W. U. Boeglin, P. Rogan, E. Chudakov, M. Potokar, Or Hen, Karl Slifer, Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HAPPEX, and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Elastic scattering, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Elastic electron, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Amplitude, chemistry, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Helium, media_common
Abstract

We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry $A_n$ in the elastic scattering of 1-3 GeV transversely polarized electrons from $^1$H and for the first time from $^4$He, $^{12}$C, and $^{208}$Pb. For $^1$H, $^4$He and $^{12}$C, the measurements are in agreement with calculations that relate $A_n$ to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange amplitude including inelastic intermediate states. Surprisingly, the $^{208}$Pb result is significantly smaller than the corresponding prediction using the same formalism. These results suggest that a systematic set of new $A_n$ measurements might emerge as a new and sensitive probe of the structure of heavy nuclei., 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted by PRL. v3: fixed one author name and affiliation, otherwise no change

Published
2012

45. Preliminary results of a precision measurement of the neutron d2: Probing the Lorentz color force

Author

D. Flay

Subjects
Physics, Quark, Quantum chromodynamics, Particle physics, Photon, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Nuclear Theory, Virtual particle, Deep inelastic scattering, Nuclear physics, Quark–gluon plasma, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Nucleon
Abstract

The quantity d2, related to a twist-three matrix element, is a measure of the average restoring Lorentz color force experienced by a quark inside a polarized nucleon after it is struck by a virtual photon in electron Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS). With its information encoded in both spin structure functions g1 and g2 in the quark valence region at large Bjorken x, this confining local force is a result of the remnant di-quark system attracting the struck quark. While bag-and chiralsoliton-model calculations for the neutron d2 are consistent with those of lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), current experimental data differ by approximately two standard deviations from those theoretical results. To address this issue, the experiment E06-014 was carried out from February to March of 2009 at Jefferson Lab. It consisted of measuring doublespin asymmetries and the total cross section by scattering a longitudinally polarized electron beam from a longitudinally or transversely polarized 3He target, allowing ...

Published
2012

46. Measurement of the Neutron Radius of 208Pb Through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering

Author

S, Abrahamyan, Z, Ahmed, H, Albataineh, K, Aniol, D S, Armstrong, W, Armstrong, T, Averett, B, Babineau, A, Barbieri, V, Bellini, R, Beminiwattha, J, Benesch, F, Benmokhtar, T, Bielarski, W, Boeglin, A, Camsonne, M, Canan, P, Carter, G D, Cates, C, Chen, J-P, Chen, O, Hen, F, Cusanno, M M, Dalton, R, De Leo, K, de Jager, W, Deconinck, P, Decowski, X, Deng, A, Deur, D, Dutta, A, Etile, D, Flay, G B, Franklin, M, Friend, S, Frullani, E, Fuchey, F, Garibaldi, E, Gasser, R, Gilman, A, Giusa, A, Glamazdin, J, Gomez, J, Grames, C, Gu, O, Hansen, J, Hansknecht, D W, Higinbotham, R S, Holmes, T, Holmstrom, C J, Horowitz, J, Hoskins, J, Huang, C E, Hyde, F, Itard, C-M, Jen, E, Jensen, G, Jin, S, Johnston, A, Kelleher, K, Kliakhandler, P M, King, S, Kowalski, K S, Kumar, J, Leacock, J, Leckey, J H, Lee, J J, LeRose, R, Lindgren, N, Liyanage, N, Lubinsky, J, Mammei, F, Mammoliti, D J, Margaziotis, P, Markowitz, A, McCreary, D, McNulty, L, Mercado, Z-E, Meziani, R W, Michaels, M, Mihovilovic, N, Muangma, C, Muñoz-Camacho, S, Nanda, V, Nelyubin, N, Nuruzzaman, Y, Oh, A, Palmer, D, Parno, K D, Paschke, S K, Phillips, B, Poelker, R, Pomatsalyuk, M, Posik, A J R, Puckett, B, Quinn, A, Rakhman, P E, Reimer, S, Riordan, P, Rogan, G, Ron, G, Russo, K, Saenboonruang, A, Saha, B, Sawatzky, A, Shahinyan, R, Silwal, S, Sirca, K, Slifer, P, Solvignon, P A, Souder, M L, Sperduto, R, Subedi, R, Suleiman, V, Sulkosky, C M, Sutera, W A, Tobias, W, Troth, G M, Urciuoli, B, Waidyawansa, D, Wang, J, Wexler, R, Wilson, B, Wojtsekhowski, X, Yan, H, Yao, Y, Ye, Z, Ye, V, Yim, L, Zana, X, Zhan, J, Zhang, Y, Zhang, X, Zheng, and P, Zhu

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report the first measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry A_PV in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons from 208Pb. A_PV is sensitive to the radius of the neutron distribution (Rn). The result A_PV = 0.656 \pm 0.060 (stat) \pm 0.014 (syst) ppm corresponds to a difference between the radii of the neutron and proton distributions Rn - Rp = 0.33 +0.16 -0.18 fm and provides the first electroweak observation of the neutron skin which is expected in a heavy, neutron-rich nucleus., Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure

Published
2012
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47. Deeply virtual compton scattering off the neutron

Author

B. Zhao, Rolf Ent, P. Solvignon, V. Bellini, Mustafa Canan, Kalyan Allada, Tanja Horn, P. Nadel-Turonski, S. Koirala, G.V. Russo, C. M. Sutera, J. P. Chen, M. N. H. Rashad, Simon Širca, J. Huang, G. M. Urciuoli, A. Shahinyan, S. Iqbal, G. M. Huber, F. Garibaldi, M. Friend, Douglas Higinbotham, D. J. Margaziotis, Kiadtisak Saenboonruang, M. L. Sperduto, Maxime Defurne, F. Itard, Cynthia Keppel, L. Selvy, N. Muangma, Ho. Kang, T. Holmstrom, L. Zana, Pete Markowitz, R. I. Pomatsalyuk, V. A. Punjabi, Arijit Saha, William A. Tobias, B. Sawatzky, Abdurahim Rakhman, Chunhui Chen, M. Huang, Juliette Mammei, J. LeRose, F. Sabatié, X. Zhan, R. De Leo, A. Giusa, M. Benali, H. Yao, R. Michaels, A. Kelleher, Jie Zhang, A. Camsonne, I. Korover, H. Kang, C. Munoz Camacho, M. Mazouz, A. Deur, M. Brossard, M. Mihovilovic, D. Wang, S. Frullani, Vincent Sulkosky, R. Paremuzyan, E. Fuchey, R. A. Lindgren, S. Riordan, Franco Meddi, C. Desnault, H. Albataineh, D. Flay, J. Roche, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, S. Chandavar, P. Bertin, C. W. de Jager, K. A. Aniol, R. Subedi, D. G. Meekins, P. Zhu, Z. Ahmed, L. El Fassi, W. U. Boeglin, E. Long, J. Gomez, O. Glamazdin, Olfred Hansen, A. Martí Jiménez-Argüello, Yujie Qiang, Andrew Puckett, X. Zheng, David Gaskell, Z. W. Zhao, Z. Ye, M. Magne, Charles Hyde, N. Nuruzzaman, S. Golge, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HALL A, Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)

Subjects
Quark, Physics, Particle physics, Photon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Compton scattering, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Virtual particle, Parton, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Isospin, 0103 physical sciences, 25.30.-c, 13.60.Fz, 13.85.Hd, 14.20.Dh, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The present experiment exploits the interference between the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) and the Bethe-Heitler processes to extract the imaginary part of DVCS amplitudes on the neutron and on the deuteron from the helicity-dependent D$({\vec e},e'\gamma)X$ cross section measured at $Q^2$=1.9 GeV$^2$ and $x_B$=0.36. We extract a linear combination of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) particularly sensitive to $E_q$, the least constrained GPD. A model dependent constraint on the contribution of the up and down quarks to the nucleon spin is deduced., Comment: Published in Phys. Rev. Lett

Published
2007

48. Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.20 ppm.

Author

Aguillard DP, Albahri T, Allspach D, Anisenkov A, Badgley K, Baeßler S, Bailey I, Bailey L, Baranov VA, Barlas-Yucel E, Barrett T, Barzi E, Bedeschi F, Berz M, Bhattacharya M, Binney HP, Bloom P, Bono J, Bottalico E, Bowcock T, Braun S, Bressler M, Cantatore G, Carey RM, Casey BCK, Cauz D, Chakraborty R, Chapelain A, Chappa S, Charity S, Chen C, Cheng M, Chislett R, Chu Z, Chupp TE, Claessens C, Convery ME, Corrodi S, Cotrozzi L, Crnkovic JD, Dabagov S, Debevec PT, Di Falco S, Di Sciascio G, Drendel B, Driutti A, Duginov VN, Eads M, Edmonds A, Esquivel J, Farooq M, Fatemi R, Ferrari C, Fertl M, Fienberg AT, Fioretti A, Flay D, Foster SB, Friedsam H, Froemming NS, Gabbanini C, Gaines I, Galati MD, Ganguly S, Garcia A, George J, Gibbons LK, Gioiosa A, Giovanetti KL, Girotti P, Gohn W, Goodenough L, Gorringe T, Grange J, Grant S, Gray F, Haciomeroglu S, Halewood-Leagas T, Hampai D, Han F, Hempstead J, Hertzog DW, Hesketh G, Hess E, Hibbert A, Hodge Z, Hong KW, Hong R, Hu T, Hu Y, Iacovacci M, Incagli M, Kammel P, Kargiantoulakis M, Karuza M, Kaspar J, Kawall D, Kelton L, Keshavarzi A, Kessler DS, Khaw KS, Khechadoorian Z, Khomutov NV, Kiburg B, Kiburg M, Kim O, Kinnaird N, Kraegeloh E, Krylov VA, Kuchinskiy NA, Labe KR, LaBounty J, Lancaster M, Lee S, Li B, Li D, Li L, Logashenko I, Lorente Campos A, Lu Z, Lucà A, Lukicov G, Lusiani A, Lyon AL, MacCoy B, Madrak R, Makino K, Mastroianni S, Miller JP, Miozzi S, Mitra B, Morgan JP, Morse WM, Mott J, Nath A, Ng JK, Nguyen H, Oksuzian Y, Omarov Z, Osofsky R, Park S, Pauletta G, Piacentino GM, Pilato RN, Pitts KT, Plaster B, Počanić D, Pohlman N, Polly CC, Price J, Quinn B, Qureshi MUH, Ramachandran S, Ramberg E, Reimann R, Roberts BL, Rubin DL, Santi L, Schlesier C, Schreckenberger A, Semertzidis YK, Shemyakin D, Sorbara M, Stöckinger D, Stapleton J, Still D, Stoughton C, Stratakis D, Swanson HE, Sweetmore G, Sweigart DA, Syphers MJ, Tarazona DA, Teubner T, Tewsley-Booth AE, Tishchenko V, Tran NH, Turner W, Valetov E, Vasilkova D, Venanzoni G, Volnykh VP, Walton T, Weisskopf A, Welty-Rieger L, Winter P, Wu Y, Yu B, Yucel M, Zeng Y, and Zhang C

Abstract

We present a new measurement of the positive muon magnetic anomaly, a&#95;{μ}≡(g&#95;{μ}-2)/2, from the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment using data collected in 2019 and 2020. We have analyzed more than 4 times the number of positrons from muon decay than in our previous result from 2018 data. The systematic error is reduced by more than a factor of 2 due to better running conditions, a more stable beam, and improved knowledge of the magnetic field weighted by the muon distribution, ω[over ˜]&#95;{p}^{'}, and of the anomalous precession frequency corrected for beam dynamics effects, ω&#95;{a}. From the ratio ω&#95;{a}/ω[over ˜]&#95;{p}^{'}, together with precisely determined external parameters, we determine a&#95;{μ}=116 592 057(25)×10^{-11} (0.21 ppm). Combining this result with our previous result from the 2018 data, we obtain a&#95;{μ}(FNAL)=116 592 055(24)×10^{-11} (0.20 ppm). The new experimental world average is a&#95;{μ}(exp)=116 592 059(22)×10^{-11} (0.19 ppm), which represents a factor of 2 improvement in precision.

Published
2023
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49. Systematic and statistical uncertainties of the hilbert-transform based high-precision FID frequency extraction method.

Author

Hong R, Corrodi S, Charity S, Baeßler S, Bono J, Chupp T, Fertl M, Flay D, García A, George J, Giovanetti KL, Gorringe T, Grange J, Hong KW, Kawall D, Kiburg B, Li B, Li L, Osofsky R, Počanić D, Ramachandran S, Smith M, Swanson HE, Tewsley-Booth A, Winter P, Yang T, and Zheng K

Abstract

Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is widely used in high-precision magnetic field measurements. The absolute value of the magnetic field is determined from the precession frequency of nuclear magnetic moments. The Hilbert transform is one of the methods that have been used to extract the phase function from the observed free induction decay (FID) signal and then its frequency. In this paper, a detailed implementation of a Hilbert-transform based FID frequency extraction method is described, and it is briefly compared with other commonly used frequency extraction methods. How artifacts and noise level in the FID signal affect the extracted phase function are derived analytically. A method of mitigating the artifacts in the extracted phase function of an FID is discussed. Correlations between noises of the phase function samples are studied for different noise spectra. We discovered that the error covariance matrix for the extracted phase function is nearly singular and improper for constructing the χ 2 used in the fitting routine. A down-sampling method for fixing the singular covariance matrix has been developed, so that the minimum χ 2 -fit yields properly the statistical uncertainty of the extracted frequency. Other practical methods of obtaining the statistical uncertainty are also discussed., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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50. Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.46 ppm.

Author

Abi B, Albahri T, Al-Kilani S, Allspach D, Alonzi LP, Anastasi A, Anisenkov A, Azfar F, Badgley K, Baeßler S, Bailey I, Baranov VA, Barlas-Yucel E, Barrett T, Barzi E, Basti A, Bedeschi F, Behnke A, Berz M, Bhattacharya M, Binney HP, Bjorkquist R, Bloom P, Bono J, Bottalico E, Bowcock T, Boyden D, Cantatore G, Carey RM, Carroll J, Casey BCK, Cauz D, Ceravolo S, Chakraborty R, Chang SP, Chapelain A, Chappa S, Charity S, Chislett R, Choi J, Chu Z, Chupp TE, Convery ME, Conway A, Corradi G, Corrodi S, Cotrozzi L, Crnkovic JD, Dabagov S, De Lurgio PM, Debevec PT, Di Falco S, Di Meo P, Di Sciascio G, Di Stefano R, Drendel B, Driutti A, Duginov VN, Eads M, Eggert N, Epps A, Esquivel J, Farooq M, Fatemi R, Ferrari C, Fertl M, Fiedler A, Fienberg AT, Fioretti A, Flay D, Foster SB, Friedsam H, Frlež E, Froemming NS, Fry J, Fu C, Gabbanini C, Galati MD, Ganguly S, Garcia A, Gastler DE, George J, Gibbons LK, Gioiosa A, Giovanetti KL, Girotti P, Gohn W, Gorringe T, Grange J, Grant S, Gray F, Haciomeroglu S, Hahn D, Halewood-Leagas T, Hampai D, Han F, Hazen E, Hempstead J, Henry S, Herrod AT, Hertzog DW, Hesketh G, Hibbert A, Hodge Z, Holzbauer JL, Hong KW, Hong R, Iacovacci M, Incagli M, Johnstone C, Johnstone JA, Kammel P, Kargiantoulakis M, Karuza M, Kaspar J, Kawall D, Kelton L, Keshavarzi A, Kessler D, Khaw KS, Khechadoorian Z, Khomutov NV, Kiburg B, Kiburg M, Kim O, Kim SC, Kim YI, King B, Kinnaird N, Korostelev M, Kourbanis I, Kraegeloh E, Krylov VA, Kuchibhotla A, Kuchinskiy NA, Labe KR, LaBounty J, Lancaster M, Lee MJ, Lee S, Leo S, Li B, Li D, Li L, Logashenko I, Lorente Campos A, Lucà A, Lukicov G, Luo G, Lusiani A, Lyon AL, MacCoy B, Madrak R, Makino K, Marignetti F, Mastroianni S, Maxfield S, McEvoy M, Merritt W, Mikhailichenko AA, Miller JP, Miozzi S, Morgan JP, Morse WM, Mott J, Motuk E, Nath A, Newton D, Nguyen H, Oberling M, Osofsky R, Ostiguy JF, Park S, Pauletta G, Piacentino GM, Pilato RN, Pitts KT, Plaster B, Počanić D, Pohlman N, Polly CC, Popovic M, Price J, Quinn B, Raha N, Ramachandran S, Ramberg E, Rider NT, Ritchie JL, Roberts BL, Rubin DL, Santi L, Sathyan D, Schellman H, Schlesier C, Schreckenberger A, Semertzidis YK, Shatunov YM, Shemyakin D, Shenk M, Sim D, Smith MW, Smith A, Soha AK, Sorbara M, Stöckinger D, Stapleton J, Still D, Stoughton C, Stratakis D, Strohman C, Stuttard T, Swanson HE, Sweetmore G, Sweigart DA, Syphers MJ, Tarazona DA, Teubner T, Tewsley-Booth AE, Thomson K, Tishchenko V, Tran NH, Turner W, Valetov E, Vasilkova D, Venanzoni G, Volnykh VP, Walton T, Warren M, Weisskopf A, Welty-Rieger L, Whitley M, Winter P, Wolski A, Wormald M, Wu W, and Yoshikawa C

Abstract

We present the first results of the Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) Muon g-2 Experiment for the positive muon magnetic anomaly a&#95;{μ}≡(g&#95;{μ}-2)/2. The anomaly is determined from the precision measurements of two angular frequencies. Intensity variation of high-energy positrons from muon decays directly encodes the difference frequency ω&#95;{a} between the spin-precession and cyclotron frequencies for polarized muons in a magnetic storage ring. The storage ring magnetic field is measured using nuclear magnetic resonance probes calibrated in terms of the equivalent proton spin precession frequency ω[over ˜]&#95;{p}^{'} in a spherical water sample at 34.7 °C. The ratio ω&#95;{a}/ω[over ˜]&#95;{p}^{'}, together with known fundamental constants, determines a&#95;{μ}(FNAL)=116 592 040(54)×10^{-11} (0.46 ppm). The result is 3.3 standard deviations greater than the standard model prediction and is in excellent agreement with the previous Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) E821 measurement. After combination with previous measurements of both μ^{+} and μ^{-}, the new experimental average of a&#95;{μ}(Exp)=116 592 061(41)×10^{-11} (0.35 ppm) increases the tension between experiment and theory to 4.2 standard deviations.

Published
2021
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