Search

Your search keyword '"D. Birks"' showing total 47 results
Start Over Author "D. Birks"
47 results on '"D. Birks"'

1. Evaluation of measures to improve the performance of an open loop ground source heat pump system in the chalk aquifer: a case study

Author

G. Holmes, C. Adamson, D. Birks, and M. G. Woods

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Petroleum engineering, Borehole, Open-loop controller, Drilling, Geology, Aquifer, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, law.invention, law, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Water cooling, Environmental science, Business case, Groundwater, Heat pump
Abstract

A case study documenting the development of a groundwater-fed district heat network in Colchester, UK, is presented. The performance of an open loop groundwater heating and cooling system (also known as a ground source heat pump (GSHP)) is a function of the performance of individual boreholes and interactions between the boreholes. When performance does not meet its design capacity or decreases with time, various measures can be undertaken to improve either the performance of individual wells or the performance of the system as a whole. Output from the first exploration borehole was less than expected, placing the business case for the development in jeopardy. Consequently, refinements to the remainder of the drilling programme were implemented including three to improve the performance of individual wells and two to improve performance of the system in its entirety. Results of these refinements are presented and may be used to inform the design of new open loop groundwater heat pump systems (GSHPs) and/or the rehabilitation of existing systems that have experienced diminished performance. Yields from three wells drilled using the reverse circulation method were more than double those drilled with the direct water flush method. A significant improvement in the performance of abstraction wells due to reinjection was observed. Specific capacity in abstraction wells increased by c. 40% due to reinjection, where the distance between abstraction and reinjection locations was 535–717 m. Allowing an excess pressure of up to 0.2 MPa in the reinjection boreholes meant that reinjection could be achieved with fewer wells. Outputs from abstraction wells were not increased by extending the depth of boreholes from 135 to 200 m or implementing additional acid treatments.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Groundwater reinjection and heat dissipation: lessons from the operation of a large groundwater cooling system in Central London

Author

C. A. Coutts, Geoff Parkin, L. Tavendale, Paul L. Younger, S. Whittall, P. Button, and D. Birks

Subjects
Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Borehole, Geology, Aquifer, Thermal management of electronic devices and systems, Dissipation, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Plume, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Water cooling, Heat rejection, Groundwater
Abstract

The performance of a large open-loop groundwater cooling scheme in a shallow alluvial aquifer at a prominent public building in Central London has been monitored closely over its first 2 years of operation. The installed system provided cooling to the site continuously for a period of 9 months between June 2012 and April 2013. During this period, c . 131300 m 3 of groundwater was abstracted from a single pumping well and recharged into a single injection borehole. The amount of heat rejected in this period amounts to c . 1.37 GWh. A programme of hydraulic testing was subsequently undertaken over a 3 month period between July and October 2013 to evaluate the performance of the injection borehole. The data indicate no significant change in injection performance between commissioning trials undertaken in 2010 and the most recent period of testing, as evidenced by comparison of injection pressures for given flow rates in 2010 and 2013. Continuous temperature monitoring of the abstracted water, the discharge and a number of observation wells demonstrates the evolution of a heat plume in the aquifer in response to heat rejection and subsequent dissipation of this heat during the 18 month planned cessation.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. MEDULLOBLASTOMA

Author

G. Vaidyanathan, S. Gururangan, D. Bigner, M. Zalutsky, M. Morfouace, A. Shelat, J. Megan, B. B. Freeman, S. Robinson, S. Throm, J. M. Olson, X.-N. Li, K. R. Guy, G. Robinson, C. Stewart, A. Gajjar, M. Roussel, N. Sirachainan, S. Pakakasama, U. Anurathapan, A. Hansasuta, M. Dhanachai, C. Khongkhatithum, S. Hongeng, A. Feroze, K.-S. Lee, S. Gholamin, Z. Wu, B. Lu, S. Mitra, S. Cheshier, P. Northcott, C. Lee, T. Zichner, P. Lichter, J. Korbel, R. Wechsler-Reya, S. Pfister, I. P. T. Project, K. K.-W. Li, T. Xia, F. M. T. Ma, R. Zhang, L. Zhou, K.-M. Lau, H.-K. Ng, L. Lafay-Cousin, S. Chi, J. Madden, A. Smith, E. Wells, E. Owens, D. Strother, N. Foreman, R. Packer, E. Bouffet, T. Wataya, J. Peacock, M. D. Taylor, D. Ivanov, M. Garnett, T. Parker, C. Alexander, L. Meijer, R. Grundy, P. Gellert, M. Ashford, D. Walker, J. Brent, F. Z. Cader, D. Ford, A. Kay, R. Walsh, G. Solanki, A. Peet, M. English, T. Shalaby, G. Fiaschetti, S. Baulande, N. Gerber, M. Baumgartner, M. Grotzer, T. Hayase, Y. Kawahara, M. Yagi, T. Minami, N. Kanai, T. Yamaguchi, A. Gomi, A. Morimoto, R. Hill, S. Kuijper, J. Lindsey, E. Schwalbe, K. Barker, J. Boult, D. Williamson, Z. Ahmad, A. Hallsworth, S. Ryan, E. Poon, R. Ruddle, F. Raynaud, L. Howell, C. Kwok, A. Joshi, S. L. Nicholson, S. Crosier, S. Wharton, K. Robson, A. Michalski, D. Hargrave, T. Jacques, B. Pizer, S. Bailey, F. Swartling, K. Petrie, W. Weiss, L. Chesler, S. Clifford, L. Kitanovski, T. Prelog, B. F. Kotnik, M. Debeljak, M. A. Grotzer, A. Gevorgian, E. Morozova, I. Kazantsev, T. Iukhta, S. Safonova, E. Kumirova, Y. Punanov, B. Afanasyev, O. Zheludkova, W. Grajkowska, M. Pronicki, B. Cukrowska, B. Dembowska-Baginska, M. Lastowska, A. Murase, S. Nobusawa, Y. Gemma, F. Yamazaki, A. Masuzawa, T. Uno, T. Osumi, Y. Shioda, C. Kiyotani, T. Mori, K. Matsumoto, H. Ogiwara, N. Morota, J. Hirato, A. Nakazawa, K. Terashima, T. Fay-McClymont, K. Walsh, D. Mabbott, D. Sturm, P. A. Northcott, D. T. W. Jones, A. Korshunov, S. M. Pfister, M. Kool, C. Hooper, S. Hawes, U. Kees, N. Gottardo, P. Dallas, A. Siegfried, A. I. Bertozzi, A. Sevely, N. Loukh, C. Munzer, C. Miquel, F. Bourdeaut, T. Pietsch, C. Dufour, M. B. Delisle, D. Kawauchi, J. Rehg, D. Finkelstein, F. Zindy, T. Phoenix, R. Gilbertson, J. Trubicka, M. Borucka-Mankiewicz, E. Ciara, K. Chrzanowska, M. Perek-Polnik, D. Abramczuk-Piekutowska, D. Jurkiewicz, S. Luczak, P. Kowalski, M. Krajewska-Walasek, C. Sheila, S. Lee, C. Foster, B. Manoranjan, M. Pambit, R. Berns, A. Fotovati, C. Venugopal, K. O'Halloran, A. Narendran, C. Hawkins, V. Ramaswamy, M. Taylor, A. Singhal, J. Hukin, R. Rassekh, S. Yip, S. Singh, C. Duhman, S. Dunn, T. Chen, S. Rush, H. Fuji, Y. Ishida, T. Onoe, T. Kanda, Y. Kase, H. Yamashita, S. Murayama, Y. Nakasu, T. Kurimoto, A. Kondo, S. Sakaguchi, J. Fujimura, M. Saito, T. Arakawa, H. Arai, T. Shimizu, E. Jurkiewicz, P. Daszkiewicz, M. Drogosiewicz, V. Hovestadt, I. Buchhalter, N. N. Jager, A. Stuetz, P. Johann, C. Schmidt, M. Ryzhova, P. Landgraf, M. Hasselblatt, U. Schuller, M.-L. Yaspo, A. von Deimling, R. Eils, A. Modi, M. Patel, M. Berk, L.-x. Wang, G. Plautz, H. Camara-Costa, A. Resch, C. Lalande, V. Kieffer, G. Poggi, C. Kennedy, K. Bull, G. Calaminus, J. Grill, F. Doz, S. Rutkowski, M. Massimino, R.-D. Kortmann, B. Lannering, G. Dellatolas, M. Chevignard, D. Solecki, P. McKinnon, J. Olson, J. Hayden, D. Ellison, M. Buss, M. Remke, J. Lee, T. Caspary, R. Castellino, M. Sabel, G. Gustafsson, G. Fleischhack, M. Benesch, A. Navajas, R. Reddingius, M.-B. Delisle, D. Lafon, N. Sevenet, G. Pierron, O. Delattre, J. Ecker, I. Oehme, R. Mazitschek, M. Lodrini, H. E. Deubzer, A. E. Kulozik, O. Witt, T. Milde, D. Patmore, N. Boulos, K. Wright, S. Boop, T. Janicki, S. Burzynski, G. Burzynski, A. Marszalek, J. Triscott, M. Green, S. R. Rassekh, B. Toyota, C. Dunham, S. E. Dunn, K.-W. Liu, Y. Pei, L. Genovesi, P. Ji, M. Davis, C. G. Ng, Y.-J. Cho, N. Jenkins, N. Copeland, B. Wainwright, Y. Tang, S. Schubert, B. Nguyen, S. Masoud, A. Lee, M. Willardson, P. Bandopadhayay, G. Bergthold, S. Atwood, R. Whitson, J. Qi, R. Beroukhim, J. Tang, A. Oro, B. Link, J. Bradner, S. G. Vallero, D. Bertin, M. E. Basso, C. Milanaccio, P. Peretta, A. Cama, A. Mussano, S. Barra, G. Morana, I. Morra, P. Nozza, F. Fagioli, M. L. Garre, A. Darabi, E. Sanden, E. Visse, N. Stahl, P. Siesjo, D. Vaka, F. Vasquez, B. Weir, G. Cowley, C. Keller, W. Hahn, I. C. Gibbs, S. Partap, K. Yeom, M. Martinez, H. Vogel, S. S. Donaldson, P. Fisher, S. Perreault, L. Guerrini-Rousseau, S. Pujet, V. Kieffer-Renaux, M. A. Raquin, P. Varlet, A. Longaud, C. Sainte-Rose, D. Valteau-Couanet, J. Staal, L. S. Lau, H. Zhang, W. J. Ingram, Y. J. Cho, Y. Hathout, K. Brown, B. R. Rood, M. Handler, T. Hankinson, B. K. Kleinschmidt-Demasters, S. Hutter, D. T. Jones, N. Kagawa, R. Hirayama, N. Kijima, Y. Chiba, M. Kinoshita, K. Takano, D. Eino, S. Fukuya, F. Yamamoto, K. Nakanishi, N. Hashimoto, Y. Hashii, J. Hara, T. Yoshimine, J. Wang, C. Guo, Q. Yang, Z. Chen, I. Filipek, E. Swieszkowska, M. Tarasinska, D. Perek, R. Kebudi, B. Koc, O. Gorgun, F. Y. Agaoglu, J. Wolff, E. Darendeliler, K. Kerl, J. Gronych, J. McGlade, R. Endersby, H. Hii, T. Johns, J. Sastry, D. Murphy, M. Ronghe, C. Cunningham, F. Cowie, R. Jones, A. Calisto, M. Sangra, C. Mathieson, J. Brown, K. Phuakpet, V. Larouche, U. Bartels, T. Ishida, D. Hasegawa, K. Miyata, S. Ochi, A. Saito, A. Kozaki, T. Yanai, K. Kawasaki, K. Yamamoto, A. Kawamura, T. Nagashima, Y. Akasaka, T. Soejima, M. Yoshida, Y. Kosaka, A. von Bueren, T. Goschzik, R. Kortmann, K. von Hoff, C. Friedrich, A. z. Muehlen, M. Warmuth-Metz, N. Soerensen, F. Deinlein, I. Zwiener, A. Faldum, J. Kuehl, K. KRAMER, N. P. -Taskar, P. Zanzonico, J. L. Humm, S. L. Wolden, N.-K. V. Cheung, S. Venkataraman, I. Alimova, P. Harris, D. Birks, I. Balakrishnan, A. Griesinger, N. K. Foreman, R. Vibhakar, A. Margol, N. Robison, J. Gnanachandran, L. Hung, R. Kennedy, M. Vali, G. Dhall, J. Finlay, A. Erdrich-Epstein, M. Krieger, R. Drissi, M. Fouladi, F. Gilles, A. Judkins, R. Sposto, S. Asgharzadeh, A. Peyrl, M. Chocholous, S. Holm, P. Grillner, K. Blomgren, A. Azizi, T. Czech, B. Gustafsson, K. Dieckmann, U. Leiss, I. Slavc, S. Babelyan, I. Dolgopolov, R. Pimenov, G. Mentkevich, S. Gorelishev, M. Laskov, A. O. von Bueren, J. Nowak, R. D. Kortmann, M. Mynarek, K. Muller, N. U. Gerber, H. Ottensmeier, R. Kwiecien, M. Yankelevich, V. Boyarshinov, I. Glekov, S. Ozerov, S. Gorelyshev, A. Popa, N. Subbotina, A. M. Martin, C. Nirschl, M. Polanczyk, R. Bell, D. Martinez, L. M. Sullivan, M. Santi, P. C. Burger, J. M. Taube, C. G. Drake, D. M. Pardoll, M. Lim, L. Li, W.-G. Wang, J.-X. Pu, H.-D. Sun, R. Ruggieri, M. H. Symons, M. I. Vanan, S. Bolin, S. Schumacher, R. Zeid, F. Yu, N. Vue, W. Gibson, B. Paolella, F. J. Swartling, M. W. Kieran, J. E. Bradner, O. Maher, S. Khatua, N. Tarek, W. Zaky, T. Gupta, S. Mohanty, S. Kannan, R. Jalali, E. Kapitza, D. Denkhaus, A. z. Muhlen, D. G. van Vuurden, M. Garami, J. Fangusaro, T. B. Davidson, M. J. G. da Costa, J. Sterba, S. C. Clifford, J. L. Finlay, R. Schmidt, J. Felsberg, H. Skladny, F. Cremer, G. Reifenberger, R. Kunder, E. Sridhar, A. A. Moiyadi, A. Goel, N. Goel, N. Shirsat, R. Othman, L. Storer, I. Kerr, B. Coyle, N. Law, M. L. Smith, M. Greenberg, S. Laughlin, D. Malkin, F. Liu, I. Moxon-Emre, N. Scantlebury, A. Nasir, D. Onion, A. Lourdusamy, A. Grabowska, Y. Cai, T. Bradshaw, R. S. S. de Medeiros, A. Beaugrand, S. Soares, S. Epelman, W. Wang, M. Sultan, R. J. Wechsler-Reya, M. Zapatka, B. Radlwimmer, D. Alderete, L. Baroni, F. Lubinieki, F. Auad, M. L. Gonzalez, W. Puya, P. Pacheco, O. Aurtenetxe, A. Gaffar, L. Gros, O. Cruz, C. Calvo, N. Shinojima, H. Nakamura, J.-i. Kuratsu, A. Hanaford, C. Eberhart, T. Archer, P. Tamayo, S. Pomeroy, E. Raabe, K. De Braganca, S. Gilheeney, Y. Khakoo, K. Kramer, S. Wolden, I. Dunkel, R. R. Lulla, J. Laskowski, S. Goldman, V. Gopalakrishnan, D. Shih, X. Wang, C. Faria, C. Raybaud, U. Tabori, J. Rutka, S. Jacobs, F. De Vathaire, I. Diallo, D. Llanas, C. Verez, F. Diop, A. Kahlouche, S. Puget, E. Thompson, E. Prince, V. Amani, P. Sin-Chan, M. Lu, C. Kleinman, T. Spence, D. Picard, K. C. Ho, J. Chan, J. Majewski, N. Jabado, P. Dirks, A. Huang, J. R. Madden, A. M. Donson, D. M. Mirsky, A. Dubuc, S. Mack, D. Gendoo, B. Luu, T. MacDonald, T. Van Meter, S. Croul, A. Laureano, W. Brugmann, C. Denman, H. Singh, H. Huls, J. Moyes, D. Sandberg, L. Silla, L. Cooper, and D. Lee

Subjects
Oncology, Abstracts, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Cns pnet, business.industry, Internal medicine, Meta-analysis, medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. EPENDYMOMA

Author

L. M. Hoffman, A. M. Donson, I. Nakachi, A. M. Griesinger, D. K. Birks, V. Amani, M. S. Hemenway, A. K. Liu, M. Wang, T. C. Hankinson, M. H. Handler, N. K. Foreman, M. Zakrzewska, K. Zakrzewski, W. Fendler, L. Stefanczyk, P. P. Liberski, M. Massimino, L. Gandola, P. Ferroli, L. Valentini, V. Biassoni, M. L. Garre, I. Sardi, L. Genitori, C. Giussani, L. Massimi, D. Bertin, A. Mussano, E. Viscardi, P. Modena, A. Mastronuzzi, S. Barra, G. Scarzello, G. Cinalli, P. Peretta, F. Giangaspero, L. Boschetti, E. Schiavello, G. Calareso, M. Antonelli, E. Pecori, F. Di Meco, R. Migliorati, A. Taborelli, H. Witt, M. Sill, K. Wani, S. C. Mack, D. Capper, K. Pajtler, S. Lambert, T. Tzaridis, T. Milde, P. A. Northcott, A. E. Kulozik, O. Witt, V. P. Collins, D. W. Ellison, M. D. Taylor, M. Kool, D. T. W. Jones, A. Korshunov, A. Ken, S. M. Pfister, K. Makino, H. Nakamura, J.-i. Kuroda, J.-i. Kuratsu, H. Toledano, Y. Margolin, A. Ohali, S. Michowiz, P. Johann, U. Tabori, E. Walker, C. Hawkins, M. Taylor, I. Yaniv, S. Avigad, L. Hoffman, S. R. Plimpton, N. V. Stence, R. Vibhakar, A. Lourdusamy, R. Rahman, J. Ward, H. Rogers, R. Grundy, C. Punchihewa, R. Lee, T. Lin, W. Orisme, J. Dalton, E. Aronica, A. Smith, A. Gajjar, A. Onar, S. Pounds, R. Tatevossian, T. Merchant, D. Ellison, M. Parker, K. Mohankumar, R. Weinlich, T. Phoenix, R. Thiruvenkatam, E. White, K. Gupta, F. Boop, L. Ding, E. Mardis, R. Wilson, J. Downing, R. Gilbertson, D. Speed, T. Gould, t. I. E. Consortium, A. Griesinger, A. Donson, D. Birks, N. Ohe, H. Yano, N. Nakayama, T. Iwama, K. Wright, T. Hassall, D. C. Bowers, J. Crawford, A. Bendel, P. G. Fisher, P. Klimo, G. Armstrong, I. Qaddoumi, G. Robinson, C. Wetmore, A. Broniscer, R. Chapman, C. Mayne, H. Duane, J.-P. Kilday, B. Coyle, A. Graul-Conroy, W. Hartsell, T. Bragg, S. Goldman, S. Rebsamen, D. Puccetti, S. Salamat, N. J. Patel, A. Gomi, H. Oguma, T. Hayase, Y. Kawahara, M. Yagi, A. Morimoto, C. Wilbur, C. Dunham, D. Mabbott, A.-S. Carret, L. Lafay-Cousin, P. D. McNeely, D. Eisenstat, B. Wilson, D. Johnston, J. Hukin, M. Mynarek, R. D. Kortmann, P. Kaatsch, T. Pietsch, B. Timmermann, G. Fleischhack, M. Benesch, C. Friedrich, A. O. von Bueren, N. U. Gerber, K. Muller, S. Tippelt, M. Warmuth-Metz, S. Rutkowski, K. von Hoff, M. K. Murugesan, H. Poppleton, S. Currle, T. Kranenburg, C. Eden, N. Boulos, J. Dapper, Y. Patel, B. Freeman, A. Shelat, C. Stewart, R. Guy, J. Adamski, A. Huang, U. Bartels, V. Ramaswamy, R. Krishnatry, N. Laperriere, E. Bouffet, A. Araki, M. Chocholous, J. Gojo, C. Dorfer, T. Czech, K. Dieckmann, I. Slavc, C. Haberler, E. Doerner, A. z. Muehlen, R. Kortmann, A. von Buehren, H. Ottensmeier, A. Resch, R. Kwiecien, A. Faldum, J. Kuehl, D. Sabnis, L. Storer, L. Simmonds, S. Blackburn, J. Lowe, I. Kerr, I. Wohlers, T. Goschzik, V. Dreschmann, D. Denkhaus, S. Rahmann, L. Klein-Hitpass, M. J. L. Iglesias, F. G. Riet, F. D. Dhermain, S. Canale, C. Dufour, C. S. Rose, S. Puget, J. Grill, S. Bolle, J. Parkes, A. Davidson, A. Figaji, K. Pillay, T. Kilborn, L. Padayachy, M. Hendricks, A. Van Eyssen, E. Piccinin, E. Lorenzetto, M. Brenca, K. Aldape, Y.-J. Cho, W. Weiss, J. Phillips, N. Jabado, J. Mora, X. Fan, S. Jung, J. Y. Lee, K. Zitterbart, P. French, J. M. Kros, P. Hauser, C. Faria, and S. Pfister

Subjects
Abstracts, Cancer Research, Tumor grade, Oncology, Expression pattern, business.industry, microRNA, Cancer research, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Groundwater cooling of a large building using a shallow alluvial aquifer in Central London

Author

D. Birks, S. Whittall, I. Savill, Geoff Parkin, and Paul L. Younger

Subjects
Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geology, Aquifer, Groundwater recharge, Heat sink, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Waste heat, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Heat rejection, Alluvial aquifer, Saturation (chemistry), Groundwater
Abstract

Shallow alluvial aquifers have been overlooked as thermal resources for low-carbon cooling in the UK. Most existing groundwater cooling systems in central London, for instance, use the deeply confined Chalk aquifer. Potential over-exploitation of the Chalk aquifer as a heat sink was one of the primary reasons why the River Terrace Gravels aquifer was investigated at the Tate Modern. Other considerations included a higher likelihood of achieving the required groundwater yields and the ability of the shallow River Terrace Gravels aquifer to dissipate heat more effectively than the deeper, confined Chalk. Where net heat rejection is large, the extent to which waste heat can escape the system is critical to the long-term sustainability of the scheme. Factors influencing heat loss include the thickness of cap rock and the ratio of surface area to thermal volume. Cost of scheme development in the River Terrace Gravels was also an important consideration and projected long-term energy savings as a result of sourcing water from a shallower aquifer, with lower pumping lifts, were considerable. Although circumstances where the River Terrace Gravels may be utilized for heating and cooling are limited owing to the restricted area underlain by these deposits, the variable saturation and potential vulnerability of basements to leakage if affected by raised groundwater levels in the vicinity of recharge wells, they may be a viable alternative to the Chalk for some locations. Continued monitoring of the operation of the Tate Modern scheme will provide further evidence of the viability of schemes using the Thames Gravels.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. EPENDYMOMA

Author

M. Zaghloul, M. Elbeltagy, A. Mousa, E. Eldebawy, A. Amin, Z. Pavelka, V. Vranova, I. Valaskova, L. Tomasikova, A. Oltova, J. Ventruba, Z. Mackerle, L. Kren, J. Skotakova, K. Zitterbart, J. Sterba, T. Milde, S. Kleber, A. Korshunov, H. Witt, T. Hielscher, P. Koch, H.-G. Koch, M. Jugold, H. E. Deubzer, I. Oehme, M. Lodrini, H.-J. Grone, A. Benner, O. Brustle, R. J. Gilbertson, A. von Deimling, A. E. Kulozik, S. M. Pfister, M.-V. Ana, O. Witt, M. Kool, S. C. Mack, M. D. Taylor, F. Fouyssac, E. Schmitt, L. Mansuy, J.-C. Marchal, L. Coffinet, V. Bernier, P. Chastagner, D. Sperl, S. Zacharoulis, M. Massimino, E. Schiavello, B. Pizer, C. Piette, L. Kitanovski, K. von Hoff, F. Quehenberger, S. Rutkowski, M. Benesch, T.-D. Tzaridis, S. Bender, E. Pfaff, S. Barbus, J. Bageritz, D.-T.-W. Jones, A. Kulozik, P. Lichter, S.-M. Pfister, S.-H. Song, C.-W. Kang, S.-H. Kim, P. Bandopadhayay, N. Ullrich, L. Goumnerova, R. M. Scott, V. M. Silvera, K. L. Ligon, K. J. Marcus, N. Robison, P. E. Manley, S. Chi, M. W. Kieran, V. Biassoni, P. Pierani, S. Cesaro, M. Maura, S. Mack, N. Jager, D. T. W. Jones, A. Stutz, P. A. Northcott, D. W. Fults, N. Gupta, M. Karajannis, J. T. Rutka, J. Korbel, A. C. P. de Rezende, M. J. Chen, N. S. da Silva, A. Cappellano, S. Cavalheiro, E. Weltman, S. Currle, R. Thiruvenkatam, M. Murugesan, T. Kranenburg, T. Phoenix, K. Gupta, R. Gilbertson, H. Rogers, J.-P. Kilday, C. Mayne, J. Ward, M. Adamowicz-Brice, E. Schwalbe, S. Clifford, B. Coyle, R. Grundy, B. Mitra, C. Domerg, F. Andreiuolo, T. Osteso-Ibanez, A. Mauguen, P. Varlet, M.-C. Le Deley, J. Lowe, D. W. Ellison, J. Grill, R. G. Grundy, G. Fleischhack, K. Pajtler, M. Zimmermann, M. Warmuth-Metz, R.-D. Kortmann, T. Pietsch, A. Faldum, U. Bode, L. Gandola, E. Pecori, G. Scarzello, S. Barra, M. Mascarin, S. Scoccianti, A. Mussano, M. L. Garre, S. Jacopo, E. Viscardi, R. Balter, D. Bertin, F. Giangaspero, M. Pearlman, S. Khatua, T. Van Meter, D. Koul, A. Yung, A. Paulino, J. Su, R. Dauser, W. Whitehead, B. Teh, M. Chintagumpala, D. Perek, M. Drogosiewicz, I. Filipek, M. P. Polnik, B. D. Baginska, J. Wachowiak, B. Kazmierczak, G. Sobol, K. Musiol, J. Kowalczyk, H. W. Slusarz, J. Peregud-Pogorzelski, W. Grajkowska, M. Roszkowski, W.-Y. Teo, F. Okcu, A. Mahajan, A. Adesina, A. Jea, R. Bollo, A. C. Paulino, N. Velez-Char, E. Doerner, A. z. Muehlen, V. Vladimirova, R. Kortmann, C. Friedrich, A. O. von Bueren, M. Barszczyk, P. Buczkowicz, A. Morrison, U. Tabori, C. Hawkins, K. Krajewski, G. Kammler, A. von Bueren, J. Krauss, C. Ferreira, G. Dieffenbach, C. Barbosa, P. Cuny, E. Piccinin, M. Brenca, E. Lorenzetto, I. Sardi, L. Genitori, B. Pollo, R. Maestro, P. Modena, S. MacDonald, D. Ebb, B. Lavally, B. Yeap, K. Marcus, N. Tarbell, T. Yock, S. Schittone, A. Donson, D. Birks, V. Amani, A. Griesinger, M. Handler, M. Madey, T. Merchant, N. Foreman, J. Hukin, T. Ailon, C. Dunham, A.-S. Carret, P. D. McNeely, S. Zelcer, B. Wilson, L. Lafay-Cousin, D. Johnston, D. Eisenstat, M. Silva, N. Jabado, S. Yip, K. Goddard, C. Fryer, G. Hendson, S. Dunn, A. Singhal, Y. Lassen-Ramshad, A. Vestergaard, K. Seiersen, H. P. Schultz, M. Hoeyer, J. B. Petersen, L. Moreno, S. Popov, A. Jury, S. Al Sarraj, C. Jones, D. Bowers, L. Gargan, C. J. Horton, D. Rakheja, L. Margraf, J. Yeung, R. Hamilton, H. Okada, R. Jakacki, I. Pollack, A. Fleming, C. Saint-Martin, C. Freeman, S. Albrecht, and J.-L. Montes

Subjects
Abstracts, Cancer Research, Oncology, Neurology (clinical)
Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. BIOLOGY

Author

J. H. Kim, H. B. Song, D. H. Kim, K. D. Park, B. J. Lee, S. Khatua, E. Kalkan, R. Brown, M. Pearlman, T. Vats, L. Abela, G. Fiaschetti, T. Shalaby, E. Grunder, M. Ma, J. Grahlert, M. Baumgartner, U. Siler, N. Nonoguchi, H. Ohgaki, M. Grotzer, J.-i. Adachi, T. Suzuki, K. Fukuoka, T. Yanagisawa, K. Mishima, T. Koga, M. Matsutani, R. Nishikawa, I. Sardi, L. Giunti, C. Bresci, S. Cardellicchio, M. Da Ros, A. M. Buccoliero, S. Farina, M. Arico, L. Genitori, M. Massimino, L. Filippi, A. Erdreich-Epstein, H. Zhou, X. Ren, M. Schur, T. B. Davidson, L. Ji, R. Sposto, S. Asgharzadeh, Y. Tong, E. White, M. Murugesan, B. Nimmervoll, M. Wang, D. Marino, D. Ellison, D. Finkelstein, S. Pounds, D. Malkin, R. Gilbertson, C. Eden, B. Ju, T. Phoenix, H. Poppleton, C. Lessman, M. Taylor, G. la Marca, S. Malvagia, V. Fratoni, M. G. Giovannini, F. Giangaspero, M. Badiali, V. Gleize, S. Paris, L. Moi, S. Elhouadani, A. Arcella, R. Morace, M. Antonelli, F. Buttarelli, K. Mokhtari, M. Sanson, S. Smith, J. Ward, M. Wilson, C. Rahman, F. Rose, A. Peet, D. Macarthur, R. Grundy, R. Rahman, S. Venkatraman, D. Birks, I. Balakrishnan, I. Alimova, P. Harris, P. Patel, N. Foreman, R. Vibhakar, H. Wu, Q. Zhou, D. Wang, G. Wang, D. Dang, E. Pencreach, A. Nguyen, E. Guerin, C. Lasthaus, D. Guenot, N. Entz-Werle, R. Unland, S. Schlosser, N. Farwick, T. Plagemann, G. Richter, H. Juergens, M. Fruehwald, C.-L. Chien, Y.-H. Lee, C.-I. Lin, J.-Y. Hsieh, S.-C. Lin, T.-T. Wong, D. M.-T. Ho, H.-W. Wang, S. Lagah, I.-L. Tan, S. Malcolm, Y. Majani, D. G. van Vuurden, E. Aronica, L. E. Wedekind, E. Hulleman, D. Biesmans, M. Bugiani, W. P. Vandertop, G. J. L. Kaspers, T. Wurdinger, D. P. Noske, P. M. Van der Stoop, S. Shukla, G. K. Kuipers, B. J. Slotman, J. Cloos, T. Sun, N. Warrington, J. Luo, S. Ganzhorn, U. Tabori, T. Druley, D. Gutmann, J. Rubin, P. Castelo-Branco, S. Choufani, S. Mack, D. Galagher, C. Zhang, T. Lipman, N. Zhukova, D. Martin, D. Merino, J. Wasserman, C. Samuel, N. Alon, J. Hitzler, J. C. Y. Wang, G. Keller, P. B. Dirks, S. Pfister, M. D. Taylor, R. Weksberg, P. Leblond, S. Meignan, A. Dewitte, F. Le Tinier, N. Wattez, E. Lartigau, A. Lansiaux, R. Hanson, I. Gordon, S. Zhao, K. Camphausen, K. Warren, N. M. Warrington, D. H. Gutmann, J. B. Rubin, M. Jaillet, Z. Kovacs, E. Martin-Fiori, M. Bernasconi, B. Werner, C. Dyberg, N. Baryawno, J. Milosevic, M. Wickstrom, P. A. Northcott, M. Kool, P. Kogner, J. I. Johnsen, G. Reynolds, N. Davies, T. Arvanitis, A. Zoghbi, M. Meisterernst, M. C. Fruehwald, K. Kerl, B. Orr, M. Haffner, W. Nelson, S. Yegnasubramanian, C. Eberhart, A. Fotovati, S. Abu-Ali, P.-S. Wang, L. Deleyrolle, C. Lee, J. Triscott, J. Chen, S. Franciosi, Y. Nakamura, Y. Sugita, T. Uchiumi, M. Kuwano, B. Leavitt, S. Singh, A. Jury, C. Jones, H. Wakimoto, B. Reynolds, C. Pallen, S. Dunn, S. Fletcher, J. Levine, M. Li, N. Kagawa, R. Hirayama, Y. Chiba, N. Kijima, H. Arita, M. Kinoshita, N. Hashimoto, S. Izumoto, M. Maruno, and T. Yoshimine

Subjects
Abstracts, Cancer Research, Oncology, Neurology (clinical)
Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. PEDIATRICS LABORATORY RESEARCH

Author

M. S. Brassesco, E. T. Valera, J. A. Pezuk, A. G. Morales, J. C. Oliveira, K. Umezawa, E. M. Rego, G. C. Carlotti, C. A. Scrideli, L. G. Tone, J.-i. Adachi, T. Suzuki, T. Yanagisawa, K. Fukuoka, K. Mishima, K. Wakiya, M. Matsutani, R. Nishikawa, A. Fernandez-L, M. Squatrito, P. Northcott, E. C. Holland, M. D. Taylor, Z. Nahle, A. M. Kenney, D. M. Ashley, A. Muscat, L. Gordon, L. Rigby, D. Birks, N. Foreman, E. Algar, L. K. Donovan, N. Potter, T. Warr, G. Pilkington, A. Erdreich-Epstein, H. Zhou, X. Ren, T. B. Davidson, M. Schur, L. Ji, R. Sposto, S. Asgharzadeh, L. Hiddingh, V. Caretti, E. Hulleman, G.-J. L. Kaspers, W. P. Vandertop, D. P. Noske, T. Wurdinger, T. Lagerweij, P. W. Koken, G. G. Kaspers, E. E. Bar, K. Schreck, C. G. Eberhart, D. A. Largaespada, J. D. Larson, F. J. Rodriquez, A. M. Demer, A. L. Sarver, A. Dubuc, R. B. Jenkins, A. J. Dupuy, N. G. Copeland, N. A. Jenkins, M. A. Taylor, M. Monje, M. E. Freret, P. A. Beachy, M. H. Jansen, P. W. Vandertop, K. Dorris, M. Sobo, E. Panditharatna, C. Liu, M.-O. Kim, L. Miles, S. Goldman, S. Gardner, C. Stevenson, T. Maugans, M. Fouladi, R. Drissi, D. W. Fults, M. Mumert, C. A. Pedone, X. Wu, P. A. Northcott, A. M. Saratsis, S. Magge, B. Rood, A. Hill, J. Nazarian, D. G. van Vuurden, M. Bugiani, P. Wesseling, G. J. Kaspers, V. Gopalakrishnan, C. Das, M. Gireud, P. Taylor, A. Singh, D. Lee, K. Aldape, G. Fuller, J. Fangusaro, V. Rajaram, and C. Eberhart

Subjects
Cancer Research, business.industry, Rhabdoid tumors, Clinical neurology, Abstracts, Oncology, Cancer research, Etiology, Medicine, Profiling (information science), Neurology (clinical), Epigenetics, SMARCB1, business
Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Groundwater cooling at the Royal Festival Hall, London

Author

D. Birks, M.H. Clarkson, A. Carter, Paul L. Younger, and S. Cone

Subjects
Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Thermal interference, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Water cooling, Borehole, Geology, Aquifer, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Groundwater
Abstract

A pumping and injection trial at the Royal Festival Hall simulated the operation of an open-loop ground sourced cooling system where all abstracted groundwater was returned to the originating aquifer. The trial used two existing boreholes (144 m apart) and existing heat input sources. The trial was conducted over a 4 week period in June–July 2007 and comprised step testing, a constant-rate abstraction–injection test and two tracer tests. The constant-rate test was undertaken over 29 days, at an average flow rate of 8.3 l s −1 . The total heat input during the trial was approximately 194.1 MW h. The trial has provided an early indication that comparatively large (i.e. several hundred kilowatts and above) open-loop groundwater heating–cooling systems can be operated effectively in the Chalk aquifer without undue thermal interference, as defined by a measured thermal response in the abstraction borehole. Continued monitoring of water temperatures will confirm whether this remains the case over the longer term. The trial has shown that groundwater can be returned to the confined Chalk aquifer under gravity without undue complication. The trial method was developed in close consultation with the Environment Agency and may serve as a useful guide for subsequent trials.

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA

Author

A. Sattar, A. Saleem, B. Pettorini, B. Pizer, I. Bhatti, G. Narenthiran, C. Mallucci, A. Hoffmann, U. Gebhardt, A. Sterkenburg, M. Warmuth-Metz, H. L. Muller, F. P. Postma, T. Pietsch, F. Pohl, R.-D. Kortmann, G. Calaminus, A. S. Sterkenburg, A. Faldum, D. Perelberg, P. Morillon, A. Ederies, K. Aquilina, N. Dorward, A. Michalski, D. Hargrave, Y.-C. Chang, N. Bozorgi, S. James, M. Korbonits, W. Drake, S. Akker, J. Blair, I. Kamaly, P. Clayton, H. Spoudeas, J. Wisoff, R. Elliott, J. Gump, A. Donson, D. Birks, M. Handler, N. Foreman, and T. Hankinson

Subjects
Cancer Research, Abstracts, Oncology, Neurology (clinical)
Published
2014

11. ATYPICAL TERATOID RHABDOID TUMOUR

Author

A. I. Bertozzi, C. Munzer, F. Fouyssac, N. Andre, S. Boetto, P. Leblond, F. Bourdeaut, C. Dufour, R. K. Deshpande, K. G. Bhat, S. Mahalingam, A. Muscat, J. Cain, M. Ferguson, D. Popovski, E. Algar, F. J. Rossello, S. Jayasekara, D. N. Watkins, J. Hodge, D. Ashley, M. Hishii, M. Saito, H. Arai, Z. Y. Han, W. Richer, C. Lucchesi, P. Freneaux, A. Nicolas, C. Grison, G. Pierron, O. Delattre, S. Epari, N. TS, T. Gupta, G. Chinnaswamy, J. G. Sastri, P. Shetty, A. Moiyadi, R. Jalali, T. Fay-McClymont, D. Johnston, L. Janzen, S. Guger, K. Scheinemann, A. Fleming, C. Fryer, J. Hukin, D. Mabbott, A. Huang, E. Bouffet, L. Lafay-Cousin, A. Kawamura, K. Yamamoto, T. Nagashima, K. Bartelheim, M. Benesch, J. Buchner, J. Gerss, M. Hasselblatt, R.-D. Kortmann, G. Fleischack, E. Quiroga, H. Reinhard, R. Schneppenheim, A. Seeringer, R. Siebert, B. Timmermann, M. Warmuth-Metz, I. Schmid, M. C. Fruhwald, K. Kerl, T. Klingebiel, A. Al-Kofide, Y. Khafaga, H. Al-Hindi, M. Dababo, A. Ul-Haq, M. Anas, M. G. Barria, K. Siddiqui, M. Hassounah, M. Ayas, E. Al-Shail, A. Jeibmann, K. Eikmeier, A. Linge, P. Johann, B. Koos, M. Kool, S. M. Pfister, W. Paulus, U. Schuller, R. Junckerstorff, M. K. Rosenblum, A. H. Alassiri, S. Rossi, N. Gottardo, H. Toledano, E. Viscardi, L. Witkowski, I. Nagel, F. Oyen, W. D. Foulkes, D. Schrey, G. Malietzis, S. Chi, L. Marshall, F. Carceller, L. Moreno, S. Zacharoulis, R. Bhardwaj, M. Chakravadhanula, V. Ozals, C. Hampton, R. Metpally, P. Grillner, J. Asmundsson, B. Gustavsson, S. Holm, P. D. Johann, A. Korshunov, M. Ryzhova, T. Milde, O. Witt, D. T. W. Jones, V. Hovestadt, A. Gajjar, M. Fruhwald, S. Pfister, M. Finetti, A. d. C. Pons, M. Selby, A. Smith, S. Crosier, J. Wood, B. Skalkoyannis, S. Bailey, S. Clifford, D. Williamson, S. Rutkowski, R. D. Kortmann, N. Graf, J. Boos, K. Nysom, N. Moreno, T. Holsten, J. Ahlfeld, J. Mertins, M. Hotfilder, S. Schleicher, R. Handgretinger, M. Meisterernst, C. Schmidt, S. Dittmar, G. C. F. Chan, M. M. K. Shing, H. L. Yuen, R. C. H. Li, S. L. Ling, I. Slavc, A. Peyrl, M. Chocholous, A. Azizi, T. Czech, K. Dieckmann, C. Haberler, U. Leiss, G. Gotti, V. Biassoni, E. Schiavello, F. Spreafico, E. Pecori, L. Gandola, M. Massimino, K. Kornelius, H. Yano, N. Nakayama, N. Ohe, M. Ozeki, K. Kanda, T. Kimura, T. Hori, T. Fukao, T. Iwama, A. G. Weil, A. Diaz, J. Gernsback, S. Bhatia, J. Ragheb, T. Niazi, Z. Khatib, A. Zoghbi, a. M. Meisterernst, D. Birks, A. Griesinger, V. Amani, A. Donson, R. Posner, C. Dunham, B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, M. Handler, R. Vibhakar, N. Foreman, L. Zhou, D. Catchpoole, A. Kakkar, A. Biswas, V. Suri, M. Sharma, S. Kale, A. Mahapatra, C. Sarkar, J. Torchia, D. Picard, K. C. Ho, D.-A. Khuong-Quang, L. Louterneau, M. Bourgey, T. Chan, B. Golbourn, L.-L. Cousin, M. D. Taylor, P. Dirks, J. T. Rutka, C. Hawkins, J. Majewski, S.-K. Kim, N. Jabado, J. H.-C. Chang, M. Confer, A. Chang, S. Goldman, M. Dunn, and W. Hartsell

Subjects
Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Poor prognosis, Chemotherapy, Demographics, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Improved survival, medicine.disease, Abstracts, Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour, Internal medicine, Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, Epidemiology, medicine, Conventional chemotherapy, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor of the brain is a rare embryonal tumor of infancy which has become more widely recognized due to specific immunostaining now more routinely available. These tumors still carry a poor prognosis and no standard therapy is currently available. However, the recent development of aggressive multimodality strategies seems to be associated with improved survival rates. In this chapter, we provide a review of our current knowledge on the demographics and epidemiology, pathology, and molecular characteristics. We review each individual therapeutic modality used (surgery, conventional chemotherapy, high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue, intrathecal chemotherapy, and radiation) and the contribution of each to outcome when available. We provide an overview of the most recent therapeutic trials published and discuss the future options in development.

Published
2014

12. TUMOUR BIOLOGY

Author

T. Geller, V. Prakash, J. Batanian, M. Guzman, E. Duncavage, T. Gershon, A. Crowther, J. Wu, H. Liu, F. Fang, I. Davis, D. Tripolitsioti, M. Ma, K. Kumar, J. Grahlert, K. Egli, G. Fiaschetti, T. Shalaby, M. Grotzer, M. Baumgartner, M. Braoudaki, G. I. Lambrou, K. Giannikou, V. Millionis, S. A. Papadodima, N. Settas, G. Sfakianos, K. Stefanaki, A. Kattamis, C. A. Spiliopoulou, F. Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou, E. Kanavakis, S. Gholamin, S. Mitra, A. Feroze, M. Zhang, R. Esparza, S. Kahn, C. Richard, A. Achrol, A. Volkmer, J. Liu, J. Volkmer, R. Majeti, I. Weissman, S. Cheshier, K. Bhatia, N. Brown, J. Teague, P. Lo, J. Challis, V. Beshay, M. Sullivan, F. Mechinaud, J. Hansford, M. Z. Arifin, R. H. Dahlan, M. Sobana, P. Saputra, M. T. Tisell, A. Danielsson, H. Caren, R. Bhardwaj, M. Chakravadhanula, C. Hampton, V. Ozals, J. Georges, W. Decker, V. Kodibagkar, A. Nguyen, M. Legrain, M. P. Gaub, E. Pencreach, M. P. Chenard, D. Guenot, N. Entz-Werle, Y. Kanemura, K. Ichimura, T. Shofuda, R. Nishikawa, M. Yamasaki, S. Shibui, H. Arai, J. Xia, A. Brian, R. Prins, C. Pennell, C. Moertel, M. Olin, L. Bie, X. Zhang, M. Olsson, T. Kling, S. Nelander, V. Biassoni, I. Bongarzone, P. Verderio, M. Massimino, R. Magni, S. Pizzamiglio, C. Ciniselli, E. Taverna, M. De Bortoli, A. Luchini, L. Liotta, E. Barzano, F. Spreafico, E. Visse, E. Sanden, A. Darabi, P. Siesjo, S. Jackson, K. Cohen, D. Lin, P. Burger, F. Rodriguez, X. Yao, R. Liucheng, L. Qin, T. Na, W. Meilin, Z. Zhengdong, F. Yongjun, S. Pfeifer, M. Nister, T. D. de Stahl, E. Basmaci, E. Orphanidou-Vlachou, M.-A. Brundler, Y. Sun, N. Davies, M. Wilson, X. Pan, T. Arvanitis, R. Grundy, A. Peet, C. Eden, B. Ju, T. Phoenix, B. Nimmervoll, Y. Tong, D. Ellison, C. Lessman, M. Taylor, R. Gilbertson, V. Folgiero, F. del Bufalo, A. Carai, M. G. Cefalo, A. Citti, S. Rutella, F. Locatelli, A. Mastronuzzi, O. Maher, S. Khatua, W. Zaky, A. Lourdusamy, L. Meijer, R. Layfield, D. T. W. Jones, D. Capper, M. Sill, V. Hovestadt, L. Schweizer, P. Lichter, D. Zagzag, M. A. Karajannis, K. D. Aldape, A. Korshunov, A. von Deimling, S. Pfister, A. Chakrabarty, R. Feltbower, E. Sheridon, H. Hassan, M. Shires, S. Picton, K. Hatziagapiou, F. Tsorteki, K. Bethanis, V. Gemou-Engesaeth, S. N. Chi, P. Bandopadhayay, K. Janeway, N. Pinches, H. Malkin, M. W. Kieran, P. E. Manley, A. Green, L. Goumnerova, S. Ramkissoon, M. H. Harris, K. L. Ligon, U. Kahlert, M. Suarez, J. Maciaczyk, E. Bar, C. Eberhart, R. Kenchappa, N. Krishnan, P. Forsyth, B. McKenzie, A. Pisklakova, G. McFadden, W. Pan, L. Rodriguez, J. Glod, J. M. Levy, J. Thompson, A. Griesinger, V. Amani, A. Donson, D. Birks, M. Morgan, M. Handler, N. Foreman, A. Thorburn, R. R. Lulla, J. Laskowski, J. Fangusaro, A. J. DiPatri, T. Alden, T. Tomita, E. F. Vanin, S. Goldman, M. B. Soares, M. Remke, V. Ramaswamy, X. Wang, F. Jorgensen, A. S. Morrissy, M. Marra, R. Packer, E. Bouffet, N. Jabado, B. Cole, E. Rudzinski, M. Anderson, K. Bloom, A. Lee, S. Leary, G. Leprivier, B. Rotblat, S. Agnihotri, M. Kool, B. Derry, M. D. Taylor, P. H. Sorensen, T. Dobson, E. Busschers, H. Taylor, R. Hatcher, R. Lulla, V. Rajaram, C. Das, and V. Gopalakrishnan

Subjects
Cancer Research, Abstracts, Oncology, Neurology (clinical)
Published
2014

13. Digital television: making it work

Author

D. Hermreck, D. Birks, and B. Bhatt

Subjects
Video production, High-definition television, business.industry, Computer science, Data_CODINGANDINFORMATIONTHEORY, Transcoding, computer.software_genre, Network interface device, Uncompressed video, Asynchronous Transfer Mode, Operating system, Digital television, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Intercom, business, computer, Computer hardware
Abstract

Now that the US standard for digital TV has set technical parameters, equipment has to be built for production, editing and broadcast. The full-production HDTV facility must support existing NTSC equipment. When possible, it also must allow compressed operations (like storage and splicing) to avoid encoding and decoding penalties. The configuration resembles that being created as part of the NIST HDBT project. In this setup, a high-speed ATM computer network routes the compressed bit-stream around the studio. Besides the compressed video, the ATM net routes intercom, digital audio (compressed or not), and data. All the equipment (servers, encoders, and the off-line transcoder) interfaces to the ATM router, which is the studio's central switch, replacing the router of conventional studios. The transcoder's job is to convert one compressed format into another. All the devices on the computer network are controlled by the studio control workstation. This architecture also allows connection to be made to other TV studios over existing telecommunications networks. A network interface device has this job. In the early stages, video production will be performed on uncompressed video. As compressed technology advances, more production will be done on compressed video. Most studios will probably transition to compressed production but retain uncompressed elements to take advantage of some of its features.

Published
1997
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. ATYPICAL TERATOID RHABDOID TUMOR (ATRT)

Author

M. Hasselblatt, U. Kordes, J. Wolff, A. Jeibmann, M. Fruhwald, W. Paulus, S. Isken, R. Siebert, R. Schneppenheim, M. Benesch, G. Fleischhack, B. Gruhn, P.-G. Schlegel, O. Witt, W. Holter, A. Reiter, C. Urban, M. C. Fruhwald, L. Lafay-Cousin, A. Huang, C. Hawkins, C. Fryer, E. Bouffet, C. Kruchko, J. Propp, B. McCarthy, T. Dolecek, K. Kerl, R. Unland, H. Jurgens, M. W. Kieran, C. W. M. Roberts, J. A. Biegel, L. E. MacConaill, B. E. Rich, K. L. Ligon, S. Chi, A. Kondo, K. Shimoji, I. Ogino, F. Junya, S. Sakaguchi, M. Miyajima, H. Arai, I. Alimova, J. Knipstein, P. Harris, S. Venkataraman, V. Marquez, D. Birks, N. Foreman, R. Vibhakar, K. Bartelheim, M. Warmuth-Metz, R.-D. Kortmann, J. Gerss, D. Rizzo, P. Freneaux, H. Brisse, B. Parfait, F. Doz, C. Dufour, J.-L. Stephan, C. Edan, D. Ranchere-Vince, M. Peuchmaur, O. Delattre, F. Bourdeaut, S. Y. Soh, M. Y. Chan, W. T. Seow, K. Chang, W. H. Ng, A. M. Tan, K. Yamasaki, C. Tanaka, K. Okada, H. Fujisaki, Y. Osugi, J. Hara, Y. Matsusaka, H. Sakamoto, T. Inoue, P. Batchelder, B. K. DeMasters, M. Handler, D. Sumerauer, P. Vasovcak, A. Puchmajerova, M. Zapotocky, A. Vicha, M. Kyncl, J. Zamecnik, Z. Sedlacek, R. Kodet, O. Geludkova, E. Kumirova, A. Korshunov, Y. Kushel, A. Melikyan, L. Shishkina, M. Ryzhova, V. Ozerova, S. Gorbatyh, V. Popov, E. Pavlova, O. Scherbenko, I. Borodina, A. Donson, C. Dunham, E. Algar, D. Popovski, A. Muscat, D. Ashley, P. Modena, I. Sardi, M. Brenca, L. Giunti, R. Maestro, A. M. Buccoliero, B. Pollo, L. Genitori, F. Giangaspero, M. Massimino, V. Amani, A. Griesinger, L. Bemis, S. Schittone, D. Puccetti, D. Wargowski, L. Messiaen, N. Patel, S. Salamat, D. Rusinak, B. Iskandar, X. Lun, A. Jayanthan, P. Forsyth, and A. Narendran

Subjects
Cancer Research, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Abstracts, Oncology, business.industry, Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, medicine, Neurology (clinical), business, medicine.disease
Published
2012

15. IMPEG-2 video encoder based on VLSI chip set

Author

D. Birks, M. Isnardi, and D. Teichner

Subjects
H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2, Computer science, Video capture, business.industry, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, S-Video, Video processing, computer.file_format, Scalable Video Coding, Video compression picture types, MPEG-4, Multiview Video Coding, business, Encoder, computer, Composite video, Computer hardware, Data compression
Abstract

A real-time MPEG-2 video encoder has been developed based on a set of four dedicated IC designs. The encoder compresses video pictures according to ITU-R 601 recommendation into bit streams from 1.15 Mbit/s to 15 Mbit/s according to the specifications of the MPEG-2 video standard, Main Profile at Main Level (MP@ML). Other input formats can be handled, including various HDTV source formats, which are converted into bit streams of the Main Profile at High Level.

Published
2005
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Mitochondrial phylogeography and population history of pine martens Martes martes compared with polecats Mustela putorius

Author

A, Davison, J D, Birks, R C, Brookes, J E, Messenger, and H I, Griffiths

Subjects
Europe, Amino Acid Substitution, Carnivora, Ferrets, Animals, Genetic Variation, DNA, Mitochondrial, Phylogeny
Abstract

The flora and fauna of Europe are linked by a common biogeographic history, most recently the Pleistocene glaciations that restricted the range of most species to southern refugial populations. Changes in population size and migration, as well as selection, have all left a signature on the genetic differentiation. Thus, three paradigms of postglacial recolonization have been described, inferred from the patterns of DNA differentiation. Yet some species, especially wide-ranging carnivores, exhibit little population structuring between the proposed refugia, although relatively few have been studied due to the difficulty of obtaining samples. Therefore, we investigated mitochondrial variation in pine martens, Martes martes, in order to understand the extent to which they were affected by glacial cycles, and compared the results with an analysis of sequences from polecats, Mustela putorius. A general lack of ancient lineages, and a mismatch distribution that is consistent with an expanding population, is evidence that the present-day M. martes and Mu. putorius in central and northern Europe colonized from a single European refugium following a recent glaciation. There has also been interspecific mitochondrial introgression between M. martes and the sable M. zibellina in Fennoscandia.

Published
2001

18. Postoperative Hypertension nach Neuroleptanästhesie

Author

G. Karliczek, U. Brenken, and D. Birks

Abstract

In der unmittelbar postoperativen Phase kommt es haufig zu Vasokonstriktion, Hypertension und Kaltezittern. In besonderem Maβe ist dies der Fall nach groβen und langdauernden Operationen, wie z.B. Koronaroperationen [2, 6]. Es war uns aufgefallen, daβ diese Erscheinungen kurz nach Beendigung der Lachgasanasthesie einsetzen und sich kaum durch zusatzliche Gaben von Morphinomimetika verhuten lassen. Der Einfluβ der Beendigung der Lachgasanasthesie auf das Zustandekommen der postoperativen Hypertension ist bisher nicht beschrieben worden.

Published
1981
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Mitigating housing market shocks: an agent-based reinforcement learning approach with implications for real-time decision support.

Author

Olmez S, Heppenstall A, Ge J, Elsenbroich C, and Birks D

Abstract

Research in modelling housing market dynamics using agent-based models (ABMs) has grown due to the rise of accessible individual-level data. This research involves forecasting house prices, analysing urban regeneration, and the impact of economic shocks. There is a trend towards using machine learning (ML) algorithms to enhance ABM decision-making frameworks. This study investigates exogenous shocks to the UK housing market and integrates reinforcement learning (RL) to adapt housing market dynamics in an ABM. Results show agents can learn real-time trends and make decisions to manage shocks, achieving goals like adjusting the median house price without pre-determined rules. This model is transferable to other housing markets with similar complexities. The RL agent adjusts mortgage interest rates based on market conditions. Importantly, our model shows how a central bank agent learned conservative behaviours in sensitive scenarios, aligning with a 2009 study, demonstrating emergent behavioural patterns., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Paternalism as Punishment.

Author

Birks D

Abstract

In this article, I argue that even if we hold that at least some paternalistic behaviour is impermissible when directed towards innocent persons, in certain cases, the same behaviour is permissible when directed towards criminal offenders. I also defend the claim that in some cases it is morally preferable to behave paternalistically towards offenders as an alternative to traditional methods of punishment. I propose that the reason paternalistic behaviour is sometimes permissible towards an offender is the same reason that inflicting intentional harm on an offender is permissible - namely, that it is sometimes a morally justified method of punishing an offender for his wrongdoing.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Pineoblastoma segregates into molecular sub-groups with distinct clinico-pathologic features: a Rare Brain Tumor Consortium registry study.

Author

Li BK, Vasiljevic A, Dufour C, Yao F, Ho BLB, Lu M, Hwang EI, Gururangan S, Hansford JR, Fouladi M, Nobusawa S, Laquerriere A, Delisle MB, Fangusaro J, Forest F, Toledano H, Solano-Paez P, Leary S, Birks D, Hoffman LM, Szathmari A, Faure-Conter C, Fan X, Catchpoole D, Zhou L, Schultz KAP, Ichimura K, Gauchotte G, Jabado N, Jones C, Loussouarn D, Mokhtari K, Rousseau A, Ziegler DS, Tanaka S, Pomeroy SL, Gajjar A, Ramaswamy V, Hawkins C, Grundy RG, Hill DA, Bouffet E, Huang A, and Jouvet A

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Brain Neoplasms mortality, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, MicroRNAs metabolism, Mutation genetics, Pinealoma mortality, Registries, Survival Rate, Young Adult, Brain Neoplasms genetics, Brain Neoplasms pathology, Pineal Gland, Pinealoma genetics, Pinealoma pathology
Abstract

Pineoblastomas (PBs) are rare, aggressive pediatric brain tumors of the pineal gland with modest overall survival despite intensive therapy. We sought to define the clinical and molecular spectra of PB to inform new treatment approaches for this orphan cancer. Tumor, blood, and clinical data from 91 patients with PB or supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (sPNETs/CNS-PNETs), and 2 pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation (PPTIDs) were collected from 29 centres in the Rare Brain Tumor Consortium. We used global DNA methylation profiling to define a core group of PB from 72/93 cases, which were delineated into five molecular sub-groups. Copy number, whole exome and targeted sequencing, and miRNA expression analyses were used to evaluate the clinico-pathologic significance of each sub-group. Tumors designated as group 1 and 2 almost exclusively exhibited deleterious homozygous loss-of-function alterations in miRNA biogenesis genes (DICER1, DROSHA, and DGCR8) in 62 and 100% of group 1 and 2 tumors, respectively. Recurrent alterations of the oncogenic MYC-miR-17/92-RB1 pathway were observed in the RB and MYC sub-group, respectively, characterized by RB1 loss with gain of miR-17/92, and recurrent gain or amplification of MYC. PB sub-groups exhibited distinct clinical features: group 1-3 arose in older children (median ages 5.2-14.0 years) and had intermediate to excellent survival (5-year OS of 68.0-100%), while Group RB and MYC PB patients were much younger (median age 1.3-1.4 years) with dismal survival (5-year OS 37.5% and 28.6%, respectively). We identified age < 3 years at diagnosis, metastatic disease, omission of upfront radiation, and chr 16q loss as significant negative prognostic factors across all PBs. Our findings demonstrate that PB exhibits substantial molecular heterogeneity with sub-group-associated clinical phenotypes and survival. In addition to revealing novel biology and therapeutics, molecular sub-grouping of PB can be exploited to reduce treatment intensity for patients with favorable biology tumors.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Neuroscience and Social Problems: The Case of Neuropunishment.

Author

Buyx A and Birks D

Subjects
Humans, Neurosciences trends, Prisons, United States, Bioethical Issues, Criminals, Neurosciences ethics, Punishment
Abstract

Neuroscientific interventions are increasingly proposed as solutions for social problems, beyond their application in biomedicine. For example, there is increasing interest, particularly from outside commentators, in harnessing neuroscientific advances as an alternative method of punishing criminal offenders. Such neuropunishments are seen as a potentially more effective, less costly, and more humane alternative to incarceration, with overall better results for offender, communities, and societies. This article considers whether neuroscience as a field should engage more actively with such proposals, and whether more research should be done to explore the use of neurointerventions for punishment. It concludes that neuroscientists and those working at the intersection of neuroscience and the clinic should actively shape these debates.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Exosomal microRNA profiling to identify hypoxia-related biomarkers in prostate cancer.

Author

Panigrahi GK, Ramteke A, Birks D, Abouzeid Ali HE, Venkataraman S, Agarwal C, Vibhakar R, Miller LD, Agarwal R, Abd Elmageed ZY, and Deep G

Abstract

Hypoxia and expression of hypoxia-related biomarkers are associated with disease progression and treatment failure in prostate cancer (PCa). We have reported that exosomes (nanovesicles of 30-150 nm in diameter) secreted by human PCa cells under hypoxia promote invasiveness and stemness in naïve PCa cells. Here, we identified the unique microRNAs (miRNAs) loaded in exosomes secreted by PCa cells under hypoxia. Using TaqMan ® array microRNA cards, we analyzed the miRNA profile in exosomes secreted by human PCa LNCaP cells under hypoxic (Exo Hypoxic ) and normoxic (Exo Normoxic ) conditions. We identified 292 miRNAs loaded in both Exo Hypoxic and Exo Normoxic . The top 11 miRNAs with significantly higher level in Exo Hypoxic compared to Exo Normoxic were miR-517a, miR-204, miR-885, miR-143, miR-335, miR-127, miR-542, miR-433, miR-451, miR-92a and miR-181a; and top nine miRNA with significantly lower expression level in Exo Hypoxic compared to Exo Normoxic were miR-521, miR-27a, miR-324, miR-579, miR-502, miR-222, miR-135b, miR-146a and miR-491. Importantly, the two differentially expressed miRNAs miR-885 (increased expression) and miR-521 (decreased expression) showed similar expression pattern in exosomes isolated from the serum of PCa patients compared to healthy individuals. Additionally, miR-204 and miR-222 displayed correlated expression patterns in prostate tumors (Pearson R = 0.66, p < 0.0001) by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) genomic dataset analysis. Overall, the present study identified unique miRNAs with differential expression in exosomes secreted from hypoxic PCa cells and suggests their potential usefulness as a biomarker of hypoxia in PCa patients., Competing Interests: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Did cybercrime cause the crime drop?

Author

Farrell G and Birks D

Abstract

Recent studies have hypothesised that the international crime drop was the result of the rise in cybercrime. We subject this 'cybercrime hypothesis' to critical assessment. We find significant evidence and argument indicating that cybercrime could not have caused the crime drop, and so we reject the cybercrime hypothesis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. MPS1 kinase as a potential therapeutic target in medulloblastoma.

Author

Alimova I, Ng J, Harris P, Birks D, Donson A, Taylor MD, Foreman NK, Venkataraman S, and Vibhakar R

Subjects
Cell Cycle drug effects, Cell Cycle Proteins antagonists & inhibitors, Cell Cycle Proteins genetics, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic drug effects, HeLa Cells, Humans, M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints drug effects, Medulloblastoma drug therapy, Medulloblastoma pathology, Mitosis genetics, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases antagonists & inhibitors, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases genetics, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases antagonists & inhibitors, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases genetics, Pyrazoles administration & dosage, Quinazolines administration & dosage, Apoptosis drug effects, Cell Cycle Proteins biosynthesis, Medulloblastoma genetics, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases biosynthesis, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases biosynthesis
Abstract

Medulloblastoma is the most common type of malignant brain tumor that affects children. Although recent advances in chemotherapy and radiation have improved outcomes, high-risk patients perform poorly with significant morbidity. Gene expression profiling has revealed that monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1) (TTK1) is highly expressed in medulloblastoma patient samples compared to that noted in normal cerebellum. MPS1 is a key regulator of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), a mitotic mechanism specifically required for proper chromosomal alignment and segregation. The SAC can be activated in aneuploid cancer cells and MPS1 is overexpressed in many types of cancers. A previous study has demonstrated the effectiveness of inhibiting MPS1 with small-molecule inhibitors, but the role of MPS1 in medulloblastoma is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that MPS1 inhibition by shRNA or with a small-molecule drug, NMS-P715, resulted in decreased cell growth, inhibition of clonogenic potential and induction of apoptosis in cells belonging to both the Shh and group 3 medulloblastoma genomic signature. These findings highlight MPS1 as a rational therapeutic target for medulloblastoma.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Polo-like Kinase 1 as a potential therapeutic target in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma.

Author

Amani V, Prince EW, Alimova I, Balakrishnan I, Birks D, Donson AM, Harris P, Levy JM, Handler M, Foreman NK, Venkataraman S, and Vibhakar R

Subjects
Brain Neoplasms drug therapy, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, DNA Damage, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic drug effects, Humans, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis methods, Sequence Analysis, DNA methods, Up-Regulation drug effects, Polo-Like Kinase 1, Brain Neoplasms genetics, Cell Cycle Proteins genetics, Glioma genetics, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases genetics, Proto-Oncogene Proteins genetics, Pteridines pharmacology, Radiation-Sensitizing Agents pharmacology
Abstract

Background: Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are highly aggressive, fatal, childhood tumors that arise in the brainstem. DIPGs have no effective treatment, and their location and diffuse nature render them inoperable. Radiation therapy remains the only standard of care for this devastating disease. New therapeutic targets are needed to develop novel therapy for DIPG., Methods: We examined the expression of PLK1 mRNA in DIPG tumor samples through microarray analysis and found it to be up regulated versus normal pons. Using the DIPG tumor cells, we inhibited PLK1 using a clinically relevant specific inhibitor BI 6727 and evaluated the effects on, proliferation, apoptosis, induction of DNA damage and radio sensitization of the DIPG tumor cells., Results: Treatment of DIPG cell lines with BI 6727, a new generation, highly selective inhibitor of PLK1, resulted in decreased cell proliferation and a marked increase in cellular apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis showed a significant arrest in G2-M phase and a substantial increase in cell death. Treatment also resulted in an increased γH2AX expression, indicating induction of DNA damage. PLK1 inhibition resulted in radiosensitization of DIPG cells., Conclusion: These findings suggest that targeting PLK1 with small-molecule inhibitors, in combination with radiation therapy, will hold a novel strategy in the treatment of DIPG that warrants further investigation.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. A qualitative study of rural women's views for the treatment of early breast cancer.

Author

Ristevski E, Regan M, Birks D, Steers N, and Byrne A

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Australia, Breast Neoplasms surgery, Early Medical Intervention, Female, Humans, Mastectomy psychology, Middle Aged, Patient Preference psychology, Psychology, Qualitative Research, Attitude to Health, Breast Neoplasms psychology, Rural Population statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Aim: Identify what factors rural women perceived to influence their surgical choice for EBC., Background: Higher rates of mastectomy still remain for women with early breast cancer (EBC) in rural areas. While access to radiotherapy is a commonly identified barrier, there is growing debate around other factors which are also important influences on surgical choice., Methods: Qualitative study with 70 interviews with women diagnosed with EBC in rural Gippsland, Australia. Twenty-nine women had a mastectomy and 41 had breast conserving surgery (BCS)., Results: Patient led psychosocial and surgeon led factors influenced surgical choice. Psychosocial factors were a greater influence for the mastectomy group. These included a high fear of cancer recurrence and radiotherapy, negative views of the body and breast, a family history of cancer, wanting to avoid the negative treatment experiences they had seen significant others go through, and not wanting to travel for treatment. Surgeon led factors were a greater influence for the BCS group, in particular, the direct recommendation made by the surgeon for BCS. For both groups, urgency to act was a shared psychosocial factor. Trust and confidence in the expertise and reputation of the surgeon and their consultation style were surgeon led factors shared by the groups., Conclusions: To ensure women achieve the best treatment outcome, patients and clinicians need to work together to identify how important and influential the various factors are for the women and, if necessary, to seek support to ensure informed decisions are made., (© 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. Molecular subgroups of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours in children: an integrated genomic and clinicopathological analysis.

Author

Torchia J, Picard D, Lafay-Cousin L, Hawkins CE, Kim SK, Letourneau L, Ra YS, Ho KC, Chan TS, Sin-Chan P, Dunham CP, Yip S, Ng HK, Lu JQ, Albrecht S, Pimentel J, Chan JA, Somers GR, Zielenska M, Faria CC, Roque L, Baskin B, Birks D, Foreman N, Strother D, Klekner A, Garami M, Hauser P, Hortobágyi T, Bognár L, Wilson B, Hukin J, Carret AS, Van Meter TE, Nakamura H, Toledano H, Fried I, Fults D, Wataya T, Fryer C, Eisenstat DD, Scheineman K, Johnston D, Michaud J, Zelcer S, Hammond R, Ramsay DA, Fleming AJ, Lulla RR, Fangusaro JR, Sirachainan N, Larbcharoensub N, Hongeng S, Barakzai MA, Montpetit A, Stephens D, Grundy RG, Schüller U, Nicolaides T, Tihan T, Phillips J, Taylor MD, Rutka JT, Dirks P, Bader GD, Warmuth-Metz M, Rutkowski S, Pietsch T, Judkins AR, Jabado N, Bouffet E, and Huang A

Subjects
Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors genetics, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Infant, Male, Prognosis, Receptors, Notch genetics, Rhabdoid Tumor pathology, Risk Factors, Signal Transduction genetics, Teratoma pathology, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors biosynthesis, Genomics, Receptors, Notch biosynthesis, Rhabdoid Tumor genetics, Teratoma genetics
Abstract

Background: Rhabdoid brain tumours, also called atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours, are lethal childhood cancers with characteristic genetic alterations of SMARCB1/hSNF5. Lack of biological understanding of the substantial clinical heterogeneity of these tumours restricts therapeutic advances. We integrated genomic and clinicopathological analyses of a cohort of patients with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours to find out the molecular basis for clinical heterogeneity in these tumours., Methods: We obtained 259 rhabdoid tumours from 37 international institutions and assessed transcriptional profiles in 43 primary tumours and copy number profiles in 38 primary tumours to discover molecular subgroups of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours. We used gene and pathway enrichment analyses to discover group-specific molecular markers and did immunohistochemical analyses on 125 primary tumours to evaluate clinicopathological significance of molecular subgroup and ASCL1-NOTCH signalling., Findings: Transcriptional analyses identified two atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumour subgroups with differential enrichment of genetic pathways, and distinct clinicopathological and survival features. Expression of ASCL1, a regulator of NOTCH signalling, correlated with supratentorial location (p=0·004) and superior 5-year overall survival (35%, 95% CI 13-57, and 20%, 6-34, for ASCL1-positive and ASCL1-negative tumours, respectively; p=0·033) in 70 patients who received multimodal treatment. ASCL1 expression also correlated with superior 5-year overall survival (34%, 7-61, and 9%, 0-21, for ASCL1-positive and ASCL1-negative tumours, respectively; p=0·001) in 39 patients who received only chemotherapy without radiation. Cox hazard ratios for overall survival in patients with differential ASCL1 enrichment treated with chemotherapy with or without radiation were 2·02 (95% CI 1·04-3·85; p=0·038) and 3·98 (1·71-9·26; p=0·001). Integrated analyses of molecular subgroupings with clinical prognostic factors showed three distinct clinical risk groups of tumours with different therapeutic outcomes., Interpretation: An integration of clinical risk factors and tumour molecular groups can be used to identify patients who are likely to have improved long-term radiation-free survival and might help therapeutic stratification of patients with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours., Funding: C17 Research Network, Genome Canada, b.r.a.i.n.child, Mitchell Duckman, Tal Doron and Suri Boon foundations., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. Burglar Target Selection: A Cross-national Comparison.

Author

Townsley M, Birks D, Bernasco W, Ruiter S, Johnson SD, White G, and Baum S

Abstract

Objectives: This study builds on research undertaken by Bernasco and Nieuwbeerta and explores the generalizability of a theoretically derived offender target selection model in three cross-national study regions., Methods: Taking a discrete spatial choice approach, we estimate the impact of both environment- and offender-level factors on residential burglary placement in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Combining cleared burglary data from all study regions in a single statistical model, we make statistical comparisons between environments., Results: In all three study regions, the likelihood an offender selects an area for burglary is positively influenced by proximity to their home, the proportion of easily accessible targets, and the total number of targets available. Furthermore, in two of the three study regions, juvenile offenders under the legal driving age are significantly more influenced by target proximity than adult offenders. Post hoc tests indicate the magnitudes of these impacts vary significantly between study regions., Conclusions: While burglary target selection strategies are consistent with opportunity-based explanations of offending, the impact of environmental context is significant. As such, the approach undertaken in combining observations from multiple study regions may aid criminology scholars in assessing the generalizability of observed findings across multiple environments.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. Moral Status and the Wrongness of Paternalism.

Author

Birks D

Abstract

In this paper, I consider the view that paternalism is wrong when it demeans or diminishes the paternalizee's moral status (the Moral Status Argument). I argue that we should reject the Moral Status Argument because it is both too narrow and too broad. It is too narrow because it cannot account for the wrongness of some of the most objectionable paternalistic interventions, namely strong paternalistic interventions. It is too broad because it is unable to distinguish between wrongful paternalistic acts that are plausibly considered more wrong than other wrongful paternalistic acts.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Learning surgical communication, leadership and teamwork through simulation.

Author

Bearman M, O'Brien R, Anthony A, Civil I, Flanagan B, Jolly B, Birks D, Langcake M, Molloy E, and Nestel D

Subjects
Adult, Australia, Cooperative Behavior, Education, Medical, Graduate methods, Female, Humans, Learning, Male, Patient Care Team organization & administration, Pilot Projects, Problem-Based Learning, Program Evaluation, Young Adult, Clinical Competence, Computer Simulation, General Surgery education, Interdisciplinary Communication, Internship and Residency organization & administration, Leadership
Abstract

Background: In Australia and New Zealand, surgical trainees are expected to develop competencies across 9 domains. Although structured training is provided in several domains, there is little or no formal program for professionalism, communication, collaboration, and management and leadership. The Australian federal Department of Health and Aging funded a pilot course in simulation-based education to address these competencies for surgical trainees. This article describes the course and evaluation., Methods: Course development: Content and methods drew on best-evidence for teaching and learning these competencies from other disciplines. Course evaluation: Participants completed surveys using rating scales and free text comments to identify aspects of the course that worked well and those that needed improvement., Results: Eleven of 12 participants completed evaluation forms immediately after the course. Participants reported largely meeting learning objectives and valuing the educational methods. High levels of realism in simulations contributed to the ease with which participants immersed themselves in scenarios., Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a course designed to teach competencies in communication, teamwork, leadership, and the encompassing professionalism to surgical trainees is feasible. Although participants valued the content and methods, they identified areas for development. Limitations of the evaluation are highlighted, and further areas for research are identified., (Copyright © 2012 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Communicating about breast cancer: rural women's experience of interacting with their surgeon.

Author

Ristevski E, Regan M, Birks D, Steers N, Byrne A, and McGrail MR

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Patient Satisfaction statistics & numerical data, Victoria, Breast Neoplasms diagnosis, Communication, Physician-Patient Relations, Rural Population
Abstract

Objective: This study examined rural women's satisfaction with the interaction and communication with their surgeon during diagnosis and treatment planning for early breast cancer. Differences in satisfaction were investigated between treatment groups (mastectomy and breast conservation surgery) and demographic variables (age, marital status, education level, employment status and place of residence). Practice was compared with clinical practice guidelines., Design: The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey., Setting: The study was set in Eastern regional Victoria, Australia., Participants: Seventy women diagnosed with early breast cancer participated in the study., Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measures used by the study were satisfaction in three areas of practice: (i) telling a woman she has breast cancer; (ii) providing information and involving the woman in the decision-making; and (iii) preparing the woman for specific management., Results: No differences in satisfaction were found between treatment groups and demographic variables. Overall, women in this study were highly satisfied (>93%) with the interaction and communication with their surgeon. Women reported that the surgeon created a supportive environment for discussion, that they were provided with adequate information and referrals, and that they were actively involved in the decision-making. Practice could have been improved for women who were alone at diagnosis as women without a partner made a quicker decision about treatment., Conclusion: Rural women in Victoria Australia were largely satisfied with the interaction and communication with their surgeon during diagnosis and treatment planning for early breast cancer. Current practice was predominately in line with clinical practice guidelines., (© 2012 The Authors. Australian Journal of Rural Health © National Rural Health Alliance Inc.)

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. Inhibition of Aurora Kinase A enhances chemosensitivity of medulloblastoma cell lines.

Author

El-Sheikh A, Fan R, Birks D, Donson A, Foreman NK, and Vibhakar R

Subjects
Aurora Kinase A, Aurora Kinases, Brain Neoplasms drug therapy, Brain Neoplasms pathology, Cell Cycle drug effects, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Humans, Medulloblastoma drug therapy, Medulloblastoma pathology, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases biosynthesis, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism, RNA, Small Interfering pharmacology, Signal Transduction drug effects, Anilides pharmacology, Brain Neoplasms enzymology, Medulloblastoma enzymology, Protein Kinase Inhibitors pharmacology, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases antagonists & inhibitors, Pyrimidines pharmacology
Abstract

Background: Medulloblastoma comprises approximately 20% of all primary pediatric brain tumors. Despite recent advances, the survival rate for high-risk patients and the morbidity associated with these treatments remains suboptimal. To improve outcomes and decrease morbidity, more targeted therapy is required. One possible target is the Aurora Kinase family. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of Aurora Kinase A inhibition in medulloblastoma cell lines., Procedure: Cell proliferation was measured using an MTS assay after adding an Aurora Kinase inhibitor (C1368) at different concentrations. Cell cycle analysis was carried out by Flow Cytometry using propidium iodide (PI). RNAi experiments were performed using siRNA oligonucleotides. Luciferase experiments were carried out using the Cignal Finder 10 Pathway Reporter Arrays., Results: Inhibition of Aurora Kinase A induces cell death in medulloblastoma cells and lowers the IC(50) of other chemotherapeutic agents (etoposide and cisplatin) used in medulloblastoma treatment. Cell arrest at G2/M phase was significantly increased in medulloblastoma cell lines treated with C1368 Sigma at IC(30) or transfected siRNA. Inhibition of Aurora Kinase A resulted in decreased activity of pro-proliferative signaling pathways including Wnt, Myc, and RB as measured by luciferase reporter assays., Conclusions: These data indicate that inhibition of Aurora Kinase A inhibits cell growth in medulloblastoma through inhibition of pro-proliferative signaling pathways Wnt, Myc, and RB. Additionally, combining Aurora Kinase A inhibition with other chemotherapeutic agents significantly lowers their IC(50), which make it a promising small molecule target for medulloblastoma therapy.

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. 'To have...or not to have'. Should computed tomography and ultrasonography be implemented as a routine work-up for patients with suspected acute appendicitis in a regional hospital?

Author

Chiang DT, Tan EI, and Birks D

Subjects
Acute Disease, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Female, Hospitalization, Hospitals, District, Hospitals, General, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Ultrasonography, Appendectomy methods, Appendicitis diagnostic imaging, Preoperative Care methods
Abstract

Introduction: Appendicitis is a common diagnosis, but is by no means a simple one to establish. This retrospective study investigated the value of medical imaging (ultrasonography and/or computed tomography [CT]) for patients with suspected appendicitis. Negative appendicectomy rate and appendiceal perforation with or without medical imaging were used as end points for this investigation., Patients and Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed all patients admitted in one district general hospital with suspected acute appendicitis. The patient cohort was identified from the Unit Registry and an International Classification of Diseases-based Review of medical records. The medical records were analysed, and the outcome of patients were followed up., Results: Between 12 January 2004 to 27 May 2005, 168 patients' medical records were audited. The negative appendicitis rate was 6.7% and appendiceal perforation rate was 3.2%. Among them, only 20 in-patients (12%) had medical imaging (ultrasonography and/or CT scan) after clinical assessment for suspected acute appendicitis. Medical imaging had a 70% prediction rate for acute appendicitis, 20% false-negative rate, and 10% false-positive rate. Overall, the prediction rate for appendicitis by clinical assessment supplemented by laboratory tests and medical imaging at clinician's discretion was 93.2%., Conclusions: Despite studies advocating routine use of medical imaging for patients with suspected acute appendicitis, this study showed that the clinical evaluation is still paramount to the management of patients with suspected acute appendicitis before considering medical imaging.

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Do standard measures of deprivation reflect health inequalities in older people?

Author

Alwan N, Wilkinson M, Birks D, and Wright J

Subjects
Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Emergency Service, Hospital, Hospitalization, Humans, Middle Aged, Public Assistance, Socioeconomic Factors, United Kingdom, Educational Status, Health Status, Poverty
Abstract

The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between different deprivation indicators and both self-rated health and emergency admission rates of older people to determine which indicators best predict the health of people in this age group. The method employed an ecological study design using data from all 100 neighbourhoods in Sheffield in 2004 and analysing relationships in three age groups 50-64, 65-74 and over 75 years. Analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient. For people aged 50-64 years, receipt of income support was the best predictor of poor self-reported health (R=0.85). For people aged 64-75 years, lack of formal educational qualifications showed the strongest relationship with poor health (R=0.88), although there was still a significantly strong relationship between poor self-rated health and both non-property ownership (R=0.8) and receipt of income support (R=0.7) in this age group. For people aged 75 years and over, lack of formal qualifications showed the strongest relationship (R=0.6, P<0.001). This was reinforced by a strong relationship between this indicator and emergency admission rates. In conclusion, caution should be used when using conventional deprivation/poverty measures to select older populations to be targeted for services. Our analysis has shown that the deprivation indicator that correlates best with the subjective health rating of people aged 75+ is educational qualification.

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. Surgical risk management: the value of a weekly surgical radio-pathological meeting.

Author

Wong K and Birks D

Subjects
Disease Management, Humans, Postoperative Complications prevention & control, Group Processes, Hospital Departments, Interdisciplinary Communication, Risk Management methods, Surgical Procedures, Operative adverse effects
Abstract

Background: Clinical risk management in surgery involves organizational practices focused on the prevention of adverse outcomes. The present study evaluates the value of a weekly clinical meeting involving surgeons, radiologists and pathologists as a model of clinical risk management within a general surgical department., Methods: Data for all meetings conducted over a 6-month period were prospectively collected. Changes to previously reported pathology and radiology results, revisions to patient diagnosis, management and recommendations for subsequent patient care arising from the meetings were recorded., Results: Data were collected for 18 meetings. One hundred and eleven patients were reviewed. Seventy-six patients had previously reported radiological investigations. Sixty-five patients had previously reported pathology specimens. Four per cent of radiology reports and 8% of pathology reports were amended at the meeting. Seven per cent of patients received a revised diagnosis. Twenty-seven per cent of patients had suggestions for changes in management. Changes to patient care arose from pathologist input in seven patients, from radiologist input in nine patients and from clinician input in 14 patients. Four patients were recommended for an alternative surgical procedure. Five patients were recommended for cancellation of a planned procedure. Adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy was considered for four patients. Referral to specialist surgeons was suggested for two patients., Conclusions: Weekly multidisciplinary clinical meetings allow early revision and refinement of patient diagnosis and management. As such, they are an effective pre-emptive incident monitoring system, facilitating regular audit and quality control as part of an overall strategy for surgical clinical risk management.

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Operative experience in the Victorian general surgical training programme.

Author

Wong K and Birks D

Subjects
Australia, Humans, Registries, Clinical Competence, General Surgery education
Abstract

Background: The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons recommends minimum operative and endoscopy training requirements for advanced trainees in general surgery. This study examines the influences of trainee seniority, geographical location of surgical rotation, and surgeons' remuneration arrangements on the operative and endoscopy experiences of general surgical trainees in Victoria., Methods: Trainee log books covering two 6-month training periods in the year 2001 were analysed for depth and breadth of reported operative and endoscopy experience., Results: A total of 81 trainee log books was reviewed. Senior trainees were significantly more likely to have a higher primary operator experience. Total operative caseload and primary operator experience, in terms of major operative cases, were greater in rural rotations. Endoscopy experience was significantly greater in rural rotations. Operative exposure to gynaecological, laparoscopic, orthopaedic, paediatric and plastic surgical procedures was significantly greater in rural rotations. Surgeons' remuneration arrangements were not significantly related to trainee operative experience., Conclusions: Rural surgical rotations enhance the depth and breadth of operative experience of Victorian general surgical registrars, allowing greater exposure to subspecialty surgical procedures.

Published
2003
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Acute cholecystitis an appraisal of current methods of treatment.

Author

Kune GA and Birks D

Subjects
Acute Disease, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cholecystitis drug therapy, Cholecystitis mortality, Cholecystitis surgery, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Morbidity, Postoperative Complications, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Cholecystitis therapy
Published
1970

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results