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Boufekrane River is an important river that rises in Ain Maarouf, crosses the Municipality of Boufekrane and then the prefecture of Meknes. It receives, on several levels, the discharge of raw domestic wastewater without any prior treatment. The water from this river is used for irrigation of around 300 ha, 60% of which is used for market gardening. This situation constitutes a significant health risk.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of the vertical Multi-Soil-Layering filter (V-MSL) to remove indicators of fecal pollution from domestic wastewater under Moroccan conditions. To do this, a V-MSL filter measuring 20 cm deep, 60 cm wide, 78 cm high was installed near the guardian's house of the Razi’s middle school in Meknes to treat domestic wastewater. Three hydraulic loads (250 L/m2/day, 350 L/m2/day and 500 L/m2/day) were tested. This filter showed an average reduction of (97.5 ± 0.3)%, (97.7 ± 0.4)% and (96.0 ± 0.7)%, for total coliforms, fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci, respectively. The performance of the filter was not affected a lot when changing the hydraulic head from 250 L/m2/day to 500 L/m2/day. The bacterial load concentrations at the filter outlet are slightly higher than the WHO recommended standard (1000 CFU / 100mL) for reuse of wastewater in irrigation. To remedy this situation, we recommend the adoption of the principle of treatment of excreta at the source by the use of dry toilets and the treatment of gray water only by the V-MSL filter.

The Boufekrane River is an important stream which rises west of El Hajeb (Ain Maarouf), located at 740 m above sea level, and crosses the commune of Boufekrane and the city of Meknes. This river, which is used mainly by the population of the region for irrigation and swimming, receives the discharge of raw wastewater without prior treatment. Therefore, the assessment of the quality of its water is a priority. A physico-chemical characterization of the river water was carried out during the period of March 2017 - February 2018. The descriptive analysis of the results showed that the river water undergoes significant physico-chemical variations downstream wastewater discharges, with a slight self-purification during the course of the watercourse but without reaching the initial quality noted at the source. This analysis also defined the spatio-temporal variations. The study also revealed that the average values of the quality parameters (pH, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, Iron, chlorides, turbidity, conductivity and sulfates) of the water at the source are respectively 7.63, 0.01 mg / l, 3.47 mg / l, 5.81 mg/l, 0.14 mg/l, 115.08 mg/l, 0.48 NTU, $726.33 \ \mu\mathrm{s}/\text{cm}$ and 21.88 mg/l. They are thus below the maximum limit values for drinking water which are respectively $6.5 , 50 mg/l, 0.3 mg/l, 750 mg/l, 5 NTU, $2700\ \mu\mathrm{s}/\text{cm}$ and 400 mg/l.

Quatre lots de 5 dromadaires ont reçu respectivement une injection unique de cuivre et de zinc (lot lM), une complémentation orale pendant un mois de sulfate de cuivre (lot Cu), de sulfate de zinc (lot Zn) et aucune complémentation (lot T). L'essai a duré 111 jours et la période de complémentation est survenue entre 7e et le 37e jour. Dans le lot IM, la cuprémie et la zincémie ont significativement augmenté (maximum de 72 et de 73 µg/100 ml respectivement). Dans le lot Cu, la cuprémie a significativement augmenté ainsi que la zincémie dans le lot Zn, mais les valeurs observées ne dépassent pas les seuils admis comme limite de carence et chutent rapidement après l'arrêt de la complémentation. L'interaction cuivre-zinc se traduit par une diminution non significative de la zincémie dans le lot Cu et significative de la cuprémie dans le lot Zn.