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Introduction. In the comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with lower limbs amputations (LLA), there are currently used: physical therapy, mechanotherapy, physiotherapy. Despite the availability of rehabilitation methods, full correction of postural balance in patients with lower limbs amputations remains an urgent medical problem. Osteopathy has not been used in the rehabilitation of such patients until recently, despite the proven effect of normalizing muscle tone, neurohumoral system, as well as improvement of blood circulation and lymphatic outflow after osteopathic correction.Aims: To study the effect of osteopathic correction on postural balance in patients with lower limb amputations at the transtibial level.Materials and methods. 59 patients (37 men and 22 women, average age 57 years) with LLA at the transtibial level were examined using stabilography in outpatient on the basis of the Albrecht Federal Scientific Center for Rehabilitation of the Disabled. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: the main group (n=32) receiving osteopathic correction and the control group (n=27) receiving sham therapy. Both groups were divided into subgroups depending on the cause of amputation: traumatic and vascular. All patients underwent stabilography 4 times: before and after the first session of osteopathic correction or sham therapy, as well as before and after the second session. The stability of the position was assessed by the amplitude of the 1st maximum of the spectrum in the sagittal and frontal component, statokinesiogram area, work expended indicator, speed deviation of the center of pressure, standard deviation of the center of pressure in the sagittal and frontal planes.Results. The method of stabilography objectively confirmed the positive effect of osteopathic correction on postural balance in patients with traumatic and vascular genesis of amputation — in the form of stability increase after the 1st, before the 2nd and after the 2nd session of osteopathic correction compared to the data before osteopathic correction for all studied parameters (pnd sessions of sham therapy in terms of work expended, which returned to its original values before the second session, which indicates the short-term nature of the changes.Conclusion. The study showed an improvement in postural balance according to stabilography data in patients with lower limbs amputations of traumatic and vascular genesis who underwent osteopathic correction.

Chronic tonsillitis is a very common disease in which conventional methods of treatment could be not effective enough. The review describes in detail the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis, as well as anatomical features of the neck region. Based on the knowledge about the mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of osteopathic correction (OC), there are indicated the elements of pathogenesis that can potentially be affect by OC in this disease.

The article describes the main objects of osteopathic influence in the body and the caused effects. The effects of osteopathic correction can occur at different times after the session and can be recorded using various clinical and instrumental methods. This should be taken into account when prescribing a re-examination of the patient to confirm the treatment results. A brief review of randomized controlled trials proving the efficacy of osteopathic correction in various diseases is also presented.

Introduction. Shoulder joint′s dislocation stands first among all dislocations. Assistance to patients with dislocation of the shoulder carries out both outpatient and inpatient. The cost of inpatient treatment is many times higher than that of outpatient care.The aim of the study is to substantiate the economic efficiency of the author′s manual technique for shoulder dislocation repositioning.Materials and methods. The study is longitudinal from 2013 to 2020 inclusive, the sample is continuous, the place of the study is the trauma center of the City Hospital № 1 N. I. Pirogov. Criteria for inclusion of patients in the study — primary dislocation of the shoulder. Diagnosis closed traumatic dislocation of the shoulder in total — 1 968 people. Non-inclusion criteria — secondary dislocation. Successful repositioning of shoulder dislocation on an outpatient basis was performed in 1 159 (58,9 %) patients; after unsuccessful repositioning, 809 (41,1 %) patients were hospitalized with shoulder dislocation. Outpatient patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: group 1 — patients (n=1 552) underwent reduction of the dislocation using traditional methods using local anesthesia, in group 2 patients (n=416) the author′s manual technique was used without local anesthesia. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, and type of dislocation in both groups. The effectiveness of using traditional methods with the use of local anesthesia was 52% (dislocation was repositioned in 807 patients), the rest of the patients were treated in an inpatient setting. The use of manual techniques was effective in 84,6 % of cases (352 people), 64 people were hospitalized (15,4 %).Results. Comparison of the cost of treatment was carried out on the basis of the Tariff Agreement in the compulsory medical insurance system of the Sevastopol city dated December 20, 2021: the cost of treating one patient with shoulder dislocation in the traumatology department (13 582,49 rubles) is 13,3 times more than in the trauma center (1 019,5 rub). The effectiveness of the author′s manual technique is 1,63 times higher than the use of standard reduction methods using local anesthesia.Conclusion. The use of the author′s manual technique in patients with shoulder dislocation on an outpatient basis has a higher efficiency compared to traditional methods due to the fact that more patients receive assistance on an outpatient basis, the cost of this service is much cheaper than inpatient treatment. In addition, this type of treatment is carried out without anesthesia, which also reduces the cost of treating of this category of patients.

The article presents the main osteopathic tests that allow identifying and differentiating biomechanical, hydrodynamic and neurodynamic components of somatic dysfunctions and choosing adequate techniques for osteopathic correction. For each test, an anatomical and physiological justifi cation is given and the principle of its implementation is described.

Introduction. The use of orthodontic treatment is becoming more and more common in the modern world. At the same time, it becomes acute to develop methods for identifying patients with an increased risk of undesirable side effects of treatment (pain, dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint, root resorption, etc.). The aim of the study is to investigate cervical-oral synergies in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and compare it with their osteopathic status.Materials and methods. 154 patients examined by an orthodontist were selected for the study and divided into 2 groups: Norm and Dyskinesia — according to the difference in the mouth opening width (the opening width in the extensional position minus the width in the neutral position of the head, E–N). The mouth opening width was measured by a caliper with thin lips. The Norm group included 86 people with a positive E–N difference, and the Dyskinesia group included 68 with a negative E–N difference. The patients age was the same in both groups (p>0,05). There were 31 % of men in the Norm group, and 16 % in the Dyskinesia group. In both groups, the angle of neck extension with open and closed mouth was measured, and the osteopathic status was assessed. At the same time, the osteopathic physician did not know which group the patients belonged to.Results. The groups differed signifi cantly by the difference of the width mouth opening (pConclusion. Thus, patients with a negative E–H difference (the Dyskinesia group) differ statistically signifi cantly from patients with a positive E–H difference in the difference of the movements′ volume in the neck, and by the set of somatic dysfunctions. The osteopathic status of these patients may cause a disorder of cervical-oral synergies. The measuring the width of the mouth opening in different positions of the head and calculating the difference in E–H could be used as an indicator that the patient needs correction of somatic dysfunctions during orthodontic treatment. It is planned to further study these synergies in relation to the practice of a dentist.

The editorial article discusses the main modern concepts and terms of osteopathy, including the concepts of preillness, somatic dysfunction and components of somatic dysfunction, and the principles of osteopathic diagnosis. The place of the «5P» concept of modern medicine in osteopathy is also considered.

The results of a study of liquid photochemical metal-assisted etching of a series of samples of n-type Ga-polar GaN layers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy with nitrogen plasma activation are presented. Under the chosen conditions of the etching process, it is shown that the etching rate depends mainly on the structural properties of the GaN layers, which manifest themselves in the surface morphology, which can be quantitatively characterized by the multifractal parameters Δq (the degree of ordering and symmetry breaking of the structure under study) and Dq (the Rényi dimension, which depends on the thermodynamic formation conditions). A correlation between the values of the multifractal parameters Δq and Dq of the surface structure and the etching rate of Ga-polar GaN layers is established.

The article provides an overview of instrumental methods and technical means allowing to evaluate some of the proven effects of osteopathic correction, such as an increase in the range of motion in the joints, normalization of muscle tone, postural balance and walking, anti-inflammatory effect and improvement of blood circulation in patients with amputation defects of the lower extremities. The article provides an overview of instrumental methods and technical means used for diagnostic purposes in the rehabilitation of patients with amputation defects of the lower extremities. The possibility of it to verify some of the osteopathic correction effects, such as an increase in the range of motion in the joints, normalization of muscle tone, postural balance and walking, anti-inflammatory effect, and improvement of blood circulation, has been evaluated.Purpose — to present instrumental methods applicable to assess the results of osteopathic correction in the rehabilitation process of patients with amputation defects of the lower extremities.

The formation and development of osteopathy as a scientific discipline is considered. Despite its one and a half century history, osteopathy is a relatively young medical specialty. At the same time, throughout the history of the existence of osteopathy, its supporters carried out an active search for scientific evidence of its effectiveness. Currently, osteopathy is going through the stage of scientification, its formation as a scientific discipline. However, even now even the term osteopathy itself is often interpreted quite loosely and, in some cases, tendentiously. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to trace the development of osteopathy — from the earliest works of its founders to the latest stage of development, when osteopathy has become more and more consistent with the basic requirements of evidence-based medicine. To achieve this goal, much attention is paid to all stages of the formation and development of osteopathy, both abroad and in Russia. There are considered such problems as the formation of the basic terminology, the development and change of the basic concepts of osteopathy, including the concept of osteopathic lesion and the concept of somatic dysfunctions, the development of modern methods of evidence-based medicine, the dynamics of publication activity of osteopathic researchers. It concludes that new ways of obtaining the data about the health effects of osteopathy will continue to emerge, and the level of evidence and the number of quality clinical trials are likely to change.

The effect of the inversion of polarity in gallium nitride layers from the N-polar GaN layer to the Ga-polar GaN layer was discovered during the sequential growth of GaN films on hybrid SiC/Si(111) substrates by nitrogen plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy and chloride–hydride vapor phase epitaxy. A new method has been developed for the formation of crack-free Ga-polar GaN/AlN heterostructures on hybrid SiC/Si(111) substrates. The method includes two stages of growing gallium nitride layers. At the first stage, the transient N-polar GaN layer is grown on the SiC/Si(111) surface by nitrogen plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. At the second stage, two layers are grown on the obtained N-polar GaN layer by chloride–hydride vapor phase epitaxy, namely, the AlN layer and then the GaN layer, which at this stage grows in the Ga-polar orientation. Etching in a KOH solution affects only the N-polar GaN transition layer and leads to its complete removal. This procedure separates the main Ga-polar GaN layer from the SiC/Si(111) substrate completely. The method enables one to grow crack-free and elastically unstressed thick GaN layers and transfer them to substrates of other materials.

The results of studies of photochemical etching processes, which were carried out without applying external voltage, for structures with Ga- and N-polar GaN layers synthesized by molecular-beam epitaxy with the plasma activation of nitrogen are reported. It is shown that the etching rates of layers with different polarities are markedly different. At the same time, the use of gold-based masks instead of titanium-based ones for the etching of GaN layers also provides a means for increasing the rate of layer etching.

The results obtained in a study of the synthesis of n+-GaN layers by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy on GaN/c-Al2O3 templates are reported. In particular, a method is developed for the pre-epitaxial cleaning of the GaN surfaces of templates to remove foreign atoms. It is shown that, to form GaN layers of comparatively good quality, including those doped with silicon up to ~4.6 × 1019 cm–3, GaN template surfaces should be pre-epitaxially cleaned in a flow of activated nitrogen particles, with the substrate temperature increased from TS = 400 to 600°C and the substrate surface subsequently exposed to a flow of activated nitrogen at a fixed value of TS = 600°C for 1 h. After that the substrate temperature should be raised to TS = 700°C and the GaN surface finally cleaned by means of a procedure for gallium deposition/desorption.

Introduction.Muscular torticollis (MT) is the most common lesion of the musculoskeletal system in children, ranking third in pediatric practice. There are references in the literature confi rming high effi cacy of manipulative therapy, but in Cochrane′s 2015 Annual Review, experts did not fi nd evidence of the effectiveness of the manipulations. We carried out research in order to determine the effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative correction (OMC) in children with muscular torticollis (MT) due to birth injury (code for ICD X: P 15.8).Goal of research— to study the gradual effectiveness of OMC on the basis of clinical and instrumental studies and ultrasound examination of the relationship between the bone structures and the cervical muscles.Materials and methods.57 children aged 0–7 years with muscular torticollis due to birth injury were examined. All patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Patients of the main group (32 children) received osteopathic treatment. Each child received from 3 to 5 sessions, depending on the severity of the birth injury and the duration of postural disorders. The time gap between the sessions was 2–3 weeks. Patients of the control group (25 children) received physiotherapy, massage and orthosis every day for 2 weeks. Along with the neurological examination the study of the effectiveness of treatment included assessment of the pain syndrome with the use of the behavioral numerical scale FLACC, and the assessment of the muscle tone with the help of the kinesthetic examination. Angle of rotation in the cervical spine was measured with the use of the goniometer. Moreover, all children underwent sonography of the cervical spine in order to determine the position of the tooth axis, with the calculation of the coeffi cient of asymmetry. The state of the musculus rectus capitis major (MRCM) and musculus sterno cleido mastoideus (MSCM) was also assessed.Results.It was observed that after OMC the clinically signifi cant improvement started earlier in patients of the main group. This improvement manifested by complete elimination or signifi cant reduction of biomechanical and tone disorders in the neck. Pain syndrome, measured with the help of the FLACC scale, signifi cantly decreased both after treatment and in catamnesis after 6 months (p0,05). When intercomparing left and right muscles in the groups, signifi cant differences were revealed (p0,05).Conclusion.The use of OMC (3 to 5 treatment sessions with the intervals of 2–3 weeks) in patients with MT is more effective than the treatment with the use of physiotherapy, massage and orthotics, which was received by patients every day for 2 weeks. This allows to recommend OMC for wider clinical use in this category of patients.

A clinical case, described in this study, demonstrates a successful combined treatment of posttraumatic neuropathy of the medial and radial nerves in a patient after the closed comminuted fracture of the distal metaepiphysis of the left radial bone with a fragment displacement. One of the most serious complications of such injuries is the development of carpal tunnel syndrome [1]. Osteopathic physicians were involved in the process of treatment and rehabilitation. According to the data of various authors [1, 2], it is necessary to use complex surgical aids such as decompression of the medial nerve by dissecting the carpal ligament with the scar, as well as nerve transposition if the conservative methods are not effective. Unfortunately, surgical treatment does not always lead to a positive result [4]. Invalidization of patients is significant — 5–7%. It is known that early complex pathogenetic treatment allows to fight against the developing carpal tunnel syndrome in patients with severe bone trauma much more successfully. In order to prevent scar changes of the carpal ligament and maintain adequate trophicity in the injured limb, it is necessary to implement measures aimed at stabilizing microcirculatory disorders in the distal parts of the injured forearm as soon as possible. In order to make the treatment of this pathology even more effective, an integrated approach to solving this complex and socially significant problem is needed, as well as the search for new advanced and relatively safe treatment tactics, these include osteopathic correction too.

Aim. Different sports have an ambiguous effect on joint mobility. This article deals with identifying the characteristics of limb joint mobility in skiers and skaters. Materials and methods. 46 athletes (27 skiers and 19 skaters) aged 18–24 participated in the study. All athletes had no complaints regarding their musculoskeletal system. The volume of movements in limb joints was measured with a goniometer. When measuring the angles of flexion and extension of the wrist, as well as plantar flexion and extension, the amplitude was estimated both in active and passive motion. The data obtained were processed with Statistica 10.0 application package and nonparametric statistical methods. Results. In all parameters of the wrist joint (except for passive flexion), statistically significant greater mobility was revealed in skiers (p < 0.0001). The amplitude of active knee flexion was prevalent in skaters (p < 0.0001). Plantar flexion / extension (both active and passive) was also higher in skaters (p < 0.0001) than in skiers. The function of the ankle joint in skaters bears the imprint of a stable motor specialization, which is manifested in the extremely high amplitude of foot extension. In both groups, the angle of wrist flexion, the angle of retraction in the hip joint and the angle of plantar flexion exceeded the norms. This is because these joints are the most used both in skiers and skaters. Conclusions. The features of joint mobility are associated with specific athletic shoes and locomotor specialization for skiers and skaters. Skiers demonstrate the increased mobility of wrist joints, while skaters possess the increased mobility of the knee and ankle.

Background Traditionally, dynamic and functional anatomy, in particular the dynamic anatomy of the neck, is studied on cadaveric material. However, the development of in vivo visualization technologies and in silico modeling has made it possible to expand these possibilities. Despite significant progress in the study of dynamic and functional anatomy of the neck by means of in silico methods, the issues of validating the developed models and taking into account the pronounced nonlinearity of soft tissues as well as local anisotropy remain open. The aim of this study was to develop a virtual dynamic anatomical model of the human neck and reproduce the dynamic processes in the cervical spine from this model using the finite element method. Materials and methods Reverse engineering was used to generate a dynamic anatomical model of the neck from CT data (both male, 24 and 22 years old). Two segments of the cervical spine (C3-C5, C2-T1) were isolated from the resulting model for finite element analysis. Finite element mesh generation and contact interactions were performed using the HyperMesh software (Altair Engineering Inc, Troy, Michigan, USA). The anisotropic hyperelastic Holzapfel-Gasser-Ogden model was used to describe the material behavior of the fibrous rings of the disc. Material modeling and finite element analysis were performed using Abaqus CAE 6.14 software (Simulia, Johnston, Rhode Island, USA). Results A technique for creating a virtual dynamic anatomical model of the neck was elaborated and implemented. The model includes 79 major anatomical structures of the neck segmented from radiological data. A finite element analysis of the cervical spine was performed. The results of finite element analysis of the C3-C5 segment under axial load were compared with in vitro data. The proposed model shows nonlinear deformation of the disc under static loading; the model predicted displacement values agree well with the experimental ones. The displacement of the С3-С5 central vertebra with an axial load of 800 N reaches a value of 0.65 mm. For the segment C2-T1, data on intradiscal pressure, stress plots and displacements during flexion were obtained. The maximum stress value of 10.036 MPa is observed in the C3-C4 disc. Conclusion Simulation results using the proposed methodology are in good agreement with experimental data. The generated biomechanical models allow describing dynamic phenomena in the cervical spine and obtaining a wide range of quantitative properties of anatomical objects, which are otherwise inaccessible to classical methods for studying dynamic and functional anatomy.

Ntroduction. Celiac disease is a genetically determined disease, which is often associated with the dysplasia of the connective tissue, and may be considered as one of the causes of the secondary biliary dysfunction. Functional alterations play a signifi cant role in the formation of chronic pathology. The basis for osteopathic treatment is the correction of functional alterations, aimed at amelioration of work of the basic elements of the biliary system.Goals of research - to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of osteopathic correction in treatment of biliary dysfunction in patients with celiac disease.Materials and methods. 48 patients (23 men and 25 women) diagnosed with celiac disease aged from 18 to 35 took part in the research. Their average age was 26,5±2,1 years old. All the patients underwent clinical and osteopathic examination, I. A. Alexeev-Berkman coprological examination, ultrasound examination «SonolinePrima LC» («Siemens», Germany) performed according to the standard methodology with the determination of the fraction and the coeffi cient of the evacuation. Patients received osteopathic treatment during two months. Results. The assessment of the diagnostic fi ndings showed that among 48 patients with biliary disorders with a background of different anomalies of the gall bladder 41 (85,4 %) patients suffered from clinical manifestations of the disease. During the osteopathic examination of patients typical somatic dysfunctions were found: regional biomechanical disorders (cervical, thoracic, lumbar and pelvic regions) and local biomechanical disordes (cupula of the diaphragm on the right, lower ribs on the right, ligamentous apparatus of the liver, gall bladder, duodenum). The ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs revealed different anomalies of gall bladder in combination with the alteration of the colloidness of the content of the gall bladder. Statistically signifi cant contingency between the presence of the biliary sludge and the type of anomalies of the gall bladder was determined (χ2=8,12; р=0,017; С=0,55). After the course of osteopathic treatment the main clinical manifestations signifi cantly reduced, the mobility improved in all the regions of the spine, and in the thoracic diaphragm, the importance and the manifestation of somatic dysfunctions decreased in the liver, in the bile ducts, in the stomach, in the duodenum, and in the bone structures of the pelvis (р

Introduction. Nowadays osteopathy is an offi cial medical specialty. Many years of experience accumulated by osteopathic physicians in our country have proven its effectiveness. The analysis of research papers of those countries where osteopathy is widely used allows to draw the following conclusion: osteopathy is one of the least dangerous therapeutic methods provided that patients deal with well-trained and certifi ed specialists who work in the frame of possibilities of osteopathy. Due to the intensive development of this specialty in Russia it is necessary to provide scientifi c justifi cation to organizational and methodological approaches aimed at ensuring effective and high-quality osteopathic care to the population.Goal of research - to develop proposals in order to improve the quality and effectiveness of osteopathic care provision for the population, taking into account the current situation in health care.Materials and methods. Authors used the following research methods: historical and medico-organizational analysis, literary data analysis, content analysis as well as methods of descriptive statistics.Results. The research presents characteristics of clinics declaring osteopathic care provision, as well as qualities of osteopathic physicians. It also describes patients seeking osteopathic care, and sources of information they use.Conclusion. Authors propose a number of measures aimed at improving the availability and effectiveness of osteopathic care for patients such as training of doctors, creating of regulatory documents, developing quality criteria for osteopathic care provision and popularization of osteopathy among patients.

In this work, the AlN/Si(111) epitaxial structures grown consistently by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA MBE) and hydride vapour phase epitaxy (HVPE) methods were studied. The PA MBE AlN buffer layers were synthesized via coalescence overgrowth of self-catalyzed AlN nanocolumns on Si(111) substrates and were used as templates for further HVPE growth of thick AlN layer. It was shown that described approaches can be used to obtain AlN layers with sufficiently smooth morphology. It was found that HVPE AlN inherited crystallographic polarity of the AlN layer grown by PA MBE. It was demonstrated that the etching of such AlN/Si(111) epitaxial structures results in partial separation of the AlN epilayers from the Si(111) substrate and allows to form suspended structures. Moreover, the avoidance of surface damage and backside overetching was achieved by use thin Cr film as surface protective coating and by increasing the layer thickness accordingly.

The article explores the issues in applying state risk-oriented oversight (supervision) approach over the activity of business entities and individuals providing medical services, including those of osteopathic medicine. The authors describe the models used by the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare and Social Development (Roszdravnadzor) and the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor). The article defi nes the goals of the Russian Osteopathic Association to improve quality management system and risk assessment system. The study examines the laws and legislations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian federation, and research papers. The authors use different research methods: method of scientifi c hypothetico-deductive cognition, general logic methods and methods of research - analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, induction.

Two different approaches for the etching of the gallium nitride epitaxial layers grown on Si(111) substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy have been elaborated. It is demonstrated that anisotropic etch profiles can be achieved by both photoenhanced wet chemical etching and reactive plasma-chemical etching methods. Moreover, it is shown, that the photoenhanced wet chemical etching allows to remove GaN layer without damaging silicon substrate.

The pathological changes in the cervical spine frequently result in the disturbances of the blood supply in the vertebral-basiliar system. The degenerative-dystrophic processes in the cervical spine occupy the leading place in the pathogenesis of the vertebral artery syndrome (VAS) causing disorders of the microcirculation and innervation, as well as the restriction of mobility and the development of somatic dysfunctions. It can be assumed that the manual methods applied to manage this condition can be effective in the removal the functional abnormalities in the blood flow.The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the osteopathic treatment as a component of combined therapy of the patients presenting with the vertebral artery syndrome.This experimental prospective controlled randomized study was conducted during the period from January 2015 till January 2017. A total of 106 patients with VAS, aged from 20 to 60 (the average age was 43.1±1.0 years) took part in the study. The patients were divided into three groups. The experimental group was comprised of 40 patients who received the medicamentous and osteopathic treatment. The control group consisted of 40 patients given the medicamentous treatment alone. The group of comparison contained 26 patients treated with the use of pharmacotherapy and massage. The methods finding application in clinical neurology, clinical osteopathy, and ultrasonic diagnostics of the brachiocephalic vessels were employed to evaluate the health status of the patients and evaluate the effectiveness of their treatment.The combined treatment of the patients comprising the experimental group with the use of osteopathic correction and pharmacotherapy produced the positive effect and resulted in the normalization of the neurological status of the patients; specifically, the incidence of both subjective and objective (neurological) symptoms was reduced. Simultaneously, the incidence of somatic dysfunctions at all levels of their manifestation decreased as compared with their frequency in the patients of the control and comparison groups. The results of the ultrasound examination of the great vessels of the neck and the brain in the experimental group made possible the evaluation of the dynamics in the incidence of the major pathological changes in the vessels of the vertebral-basiliar basin (VBB). It was shown that the occurrence of such serious changes as venous dishemia, reduction of the vasoconstriction and vasodilation reserves in VBB, in the patients of the experimental group vessels fell down by 32.1% (p0.001), in comparison with only 12% (p0.05), in the control group and 6,27% in the group of comparison (p0.05).The osteopathic manipulative treatment included in the combined therapy of patients with VAS based on the personified approach to the management of individual cases, detection and correction of each clinically significant functional disorder accompanying the pathological process greatly contributes to the regression of the neurological symptoms, elimination of somatic dysfunctions at different levels of the body, normalization of the blood flow in the vessels of the vertebral-basilar system. Taken together, these effects prolong the beneficial results of the combined rehabilitative treatment of the patients with the vertebral artery syndrome based on the application of standard pharmacotherapy and correction of the functional disorders with the use of the osteopathic methods.Обоснование. Патология шейного отдела позвоночника часто приводит к нарушению кровоснабжения в вертебрально-базилярной системе. Ведущее место в патогенезе синдрома позвоночной артерии (СПА) занимают дегенеративно-дистрофические процессы в шейном отделе позвоночного столба, сопровождающиеся нарушением микроциркуляции, иннервации, ограничением подвижности и формированием соматических дисфункций. Можно предположить, что мануальные методы воздействия могут быть эффективными в устранении функциональных нарушений кровотока. Цель исследования - оценить эффективность остеопатической коррекции в комплексной терапии пациентов с СПА. Методы. Экспериментальное контролируемое рандомизированное исследование проводили с января 2015 г. по январь 2017 г., оно носило проспективный характер. В исследовании участвовали 106 пациентов с СПА в возрасте от 20 до 60 лет, средний возраст 43,1±1,0 года. Пациенты были разделены на 3 группы: в основной (n=40) группе применяли комплексную терапию (медикаментозные препараты и остеопатическая коррекция); в контрольной (n=40) - только медикаментозные препараты; в группе сравнения (n=26) - медикаментозные препараты и массаж. Использовали следующие методы исследования: клинический неврологический, клинический остеопатический, метод ультразвуковой диагностики брахиоцефальных сосудов. Результаты. Применение остеопатической коррекции вместе с медикаментозной терапией оказало позитивный эффект на нормализацию неврологического статуса: уменьшение частоты встречаемости как субъективных, так и объективных (неврологических) симптомов. На фоне проведенного лечения в основной группе по сравнению с контролем и группой сравнения отмечено уменьшение частоты диагностирования соматических дисфункций всех уровней проявления. Контрольное ультразвуковое исследование магистральных сосудов шеи и головного мозга позволило оценить динамику основных патологических изменений сосудов вертебрально-базилярного бассейна (ВББ). В основной группе на фоне проводимой терапии частота встречаемости основных патологических изменений сосудов (венозная дисгемия, сужение резерва вазоконстрикции и вазодилатации) ВББ уменьшилась на 32,1% (p0,001), в контрольной группе - на 12% (p0,05), а в группе сравнения - на 6,27% (p0,05). Заключение. Остеопатическая коррекция, основанная на персонифицированном подходе к пациенту, выявлении и коррекции при каждом его обращении наиболее значимого функционального нарушения, которое сопровождает патологический процесс, способствует регрессу неврологической симптоматики, устранению соматических дисфункций на различных уровнях организма, нормализации показателей кровотока в сосудах ВББ. Комплексный подход к реабилитации пациентов с СПА, в основе которого лежат стандартное медикаментозное лечение и коррекция функциональных нарушений остеопатическими методами, способствует достижению более длительного терапевтического результата.

The GaN/Si(111) epitaxial structures were synthesized by coalescence overgrowth of GaN nanocolumns using the plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) technique. Such epitaxial structures can be used as a buffer layer for obtaining high quality GaN epilayers. Structural, electrical and chemical properties of these samples were studied. It was demonstrated that KOH etching of the grown GaN/Si(111) samples results in the separation of the GaN epilayer from the substrate.

The AlN/Si(111) epitaxial structures were synthesized by coalescence overgrowth of AlN nanocolumns using PA MBE technique. Such epitaxial structures can be used as a buffer layer for obtaining high quality AlN and GaN layers. Structural, electrical and chemical properties of these samples were studied. For the first time it was demonstrated that the etching of the obtained type of AlN/Si(111) structures in KOH can become a promising method for obtaining high quality free-standing AlN and GaN.

A new method for nanopit formation by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) on different silicon substrates has been investigated. The dependence of the shape and depth of the nanopits on substrate orientation and doping type has been studied. The samples with an array of nanopits with 25 nm depth and (2-6)·108 cm−2 density for subsequent monolithic selective growth of quantum dots (QD) have been created.

The dependence of the crystallographic polarity of GaN epitaxial layers produced by nitrogen plasma-enhanced molecular-beam epitaxy on Si(111) substrates on the nitridation parameters and initial growth conditions has been studied. A rapid procedure for determining the polarity of GaN epitaxial layers was developed. It was found experimentally that the nitridation parameters of the silicon substrate have no effect on the polarity of a GaN layer. It was shown that the substrate temperature in the stage of nucleation of a GaN epitaxial layer is one of the factors determining its polarity.

An approach to precision calibration of the silicon doping level in gallium arsenide epitaxial layers is discussed that is based on studying the dependence of the carrier density in the test GaAs layer on the silicon- source temperature using the Hall-effect and CV profiling techniques. The parameters are measured by standard or certified measuring techniques and approved measuring instruments. It is demonstrated that the use of CV profiling for controlling the carrier density in the test GaAs layer at the thorough optimization of the measuring procedure ensures the highest accuracy and reliability of doping level calibration in the epitaxial layers with a relative error of no larger than 2.5%.

The n+-GaN epilayers were synthesised by PA MBE on the SiO2 patterned GaN/c-Al2O3 templates, grown by MOCVD. Formation of the polycrystalline GaN atop of the SiO2 mask during PA MBE was observed. It was found that macroscopic voids at the interface polycrystalline GaN/SiO2/n-GaN template appeared during the PA MBE process. The polycrystalline GaN film was completely removed by etching in hot aqueous KOH solution. Hall measurements have shown that the value of electron concentration in n+-GaN contact layer is about ne∼4.6×1019 cm-3.

A method for examination of cranial tissues is described. The method is based on tissue compression and measurement of its volumetric response. Variants of construction with biosignal detection units are described. These structures implement volumetric transform. The hardware-software errors and algorithms are given. Cranial tissue reactions are described.

The combination of high operation temperatures and small diode lasers directly grown on silicon substrates is essential for their application in future photonic integrated circuits. In this letter, results are presented for quantum dot III–V-on-Si microdisk diode lasers tested at elevated temperatures. To the best of our knowledge, we have demonstrated the first uncooled microlasers with diameter of 30 µm capable of operating in the continuous wave regime at 60 °C. In the lasing regime, the emission spectra contain one very intense line with a full-width at half-maximum of 30 pm; the side mode suppression ratio reaches 18 dB. Because of self-heating, the actual temperature of the active region is close to 100 °C. Under pulsed excitation, the maximal lasing temperature is 110 °C.

In this work the effects of H3PO4:CH3COOH:HNO3:HF etching solution taken with different concentrations to the Ga-polar GaN/SixNy/Si(111) epitaxial structures is investigated. Possibility of at least partial separation of Ga-polar GaN film from the silicon substrate without any GaN surface morphology changes by the selected etchants is demonstrated. The etching process mechanism is shown. Resistivity of the photoresist mask to etchants used in the experiments is found.