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Introduction: Morphofunctional changes of the circulatory system organs detected in athletes may remain without due attention, as clinical (phenotypic) signs of pathological abnormalities are very similar to manifestations of cardiovascular system adaptation to intensive physical loads. The aim of the study is to propose a personalized algorithm for biomedical support of professional athletes with abnormalities and diseases of the circulatory organs based on clinical and genomic data.Materials and methods: The results of in-depth medical examination (2021-2023) of 15,464 athletes who are members of Russian sports teams were analyzed. The structure of circulatory system diseases according to the codes of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10), which were included in the summary report of the last examination, was analyzed. Fifty athletes with abnormalities and diseases of the circulatory system organs, experiencing different degrees of intensity of dynamic and static loads in accordance with the Mitchell classification, were selected from the study sample for full genome sequencing and subsequent clinical interpretation of the obtained data.Results: In the study sample the number of people with pathologic conditions of the circulatory system organs amounted to 6 946 people (45 %). Mitchell classification groups had statistically significant differences with respect to the prevalence of 10 diseases of the circulatory system organs. In 50 DNA samples of professional athletes, 5 probably pathogenic variants (10%), 19 variants with uncertain clinical significance (38%), relevant to the phenotype of a monogenic disease with circulatory system organ damage, were detected.Conclusion: Molecular genetic testing is an effective tool for differential diagnostics of pathologic and adaptive changes in the organs of the circulatory system. Carrying causative genes in combination with clinical signs allows to change the tactics of medical and biological support of an athlete according to the proposed algorithm.

Aim. To analyze the prevalence of anxiety and depression in Russians using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) during the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) study. To study the associations of increased levels of anxiety and depression (HADS-A/ HADS-D ≥8+) with demographic and socio-economic characteristics according to the ESSE-RF3 study.Material and methods. In the ESSE-RF3 study, a representative sample of the population of 15 Russian regions aged 35-74 years was examined with a response >70%. After removing respondents with missing data from the analysis, the final sample was 28716 people. The level of anxiety/depression was assessed by the sum of points

Aim. To study the proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors and hospitalization cases of the Russian population for the period 2020-2022, depending on socio-demographic characteristics.Material and methods. The work was performed on random samples of the population aged 35-74 years from 15 regions participating in the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study. The examination was carried out from February 2020 to March-April 2022 (n=28718, 47% men).Results. According to a survey of sample participants, the proportion of respondents who had COVID-19 by the spring of 2022 among all surveyed was 26,0%. Among 45-54-year-old respondents, this parameter was maximum (28,0%), while among those aged 65-74-year-old — minimal (22,3%). The following categories of people were more likely to have COVID-19: women (27,9 vs 23,9% of men, p

Aim. To study the epidemiological characteristics and changes of hypertension (HTN), as well as factors associated with HTN in the Russian population aged 35-74 years.Material and methods. The Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study examined a representative sample of the population aged 35-74 years of 15 Russian regions with a response >70% (n=28611). Modular design questionnaire was used. Blood pressure (BP) was measured twice after a 5-minute rest in a sitting position on the right arm with an Omron blood pressure monitor. There were following criteria for hypertension: systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg, and/or antihypertensive therapy. The effectiveness of treatment was considered the proportion (%) of people who achieved target blood pressure values among those being treated, while the control was considered the proportion (%) of patients with a BP

Aim. To assess the prevalence of psychological stress (PS) using the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) in various Russian regions and to analyze PS associations with socio-demographic characteristics and behavioral risk factors and some non-communicable diseases (NCDs).Material and methods. We studied representative samples of the population aged 35-74 years in the Russian regions, examined as part of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study. The subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire containing a section on the psychological stress — PSS-10. For men, PS levels are ranked as follows: "Low" — 0-11, "Medium" — 12-17, "High" — 18-40. For women, PS levels are ranked as follows: "Low" — 0-13, "Medium" — 14-19, "High" — 20-40. Statistical analysis was carried out using the open-source R 3.6.1 environment.Results. The average PS level was 12,0±7,3 (men: 10,7±7,0; women: 13,1±7,4). Every fifth person (20,3%) in the Russian population has a high PS level, with higher PS rates among women compared to men (high PS level — 21,6 vs 18,9%, respectively). A high PS level was associated with the income level (average or low), no marriage, unemployment, low level of physical activity, depression, anxiety, NCDs (type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction, stroke), additionally for women — hypertension.Conclusion. The Russian population is characterized by a high PS prevalence, while PS rates are higher among women, which must be taken into account when predicting the NCD risks.

BackgroundCognitive impairment is an irreversible, aging-associated condition that robs people of their independence. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible causes of this condition and propose preventive options.MethodsWe assessed cognitive status in long-living adults aged 90+ (n = 2,559) and performed a genome wide association study using two sets of variables: Mini-Mental State Examination scores as a continuous variable (linear regression) and cognitive status as a binary variable (> 24, no cognitive impairment;

The article presents the examination of three generations of a family with diagnosed left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) and various phenotypic manifestations of the disease (isolated, hypertrophic and dilated type of LVNC). As a result of a molecular genetics tests, a previously undescribed single nucleotide deletion in the PRDM16 gene was revealed in all family members with the LVNC phenotype, leading to a frameshift mutation in exon 9 and the formation of a premature termination codon. This gene encodes a transcription factor responsible for after-birth suppressing the expression of genes involved in prenatal and postnatal development. Despite the presence of previous studies showing the relationship of the PRDM16 gene with LVNC development, currently there are insufficient data to prove the pathogenicity of the identified variant. However, the segregation of the symptomatic variant in three generations supports the association of the identified variant with LVNC. With the accumulation of information about changes in PRDM16 in patients with cardiomyopathies, it is possible to change the status of this gene and clarify its contribution to primary heart diseases.

Changes in the intestinal permeability in various pathologies are widely discussed in the scientific community. There is still no consensus on whether high intestinal permeability can lead to chronic noncommunicable diseases, but there is much evidence that increased permeability can aggravate some of them. The article discusses a modern vision of the intestinal permeability including its potential contribution to the development of cardiovascular pathologies, which are the number one mortality cause both in Russia and around the world.

Regardless the global demographic tendencies of life duration increase, longevity and super longevity remain quite understudied and non-fully understood population. Broader studies needed to understand, what it means to live by 100-year old. Lots of studies are about the longevity predictors and ways of ageing, that could be therapeutical targets not simply for life duration, but life quality as well, and medical-social geriatrics. The program “A Centenarian”, being conducted by leading scientific groups inRussia, is approaching a country unique medical, scientific and social data.

Aim. To investigate on the relation of microbiota content and cardiovascular risk factors among persons with no clinical signs of cardiovascular diseases.Material and methods. In the study, 92 Moscow and Moscow Region inhabitants included, men and women at age 25-76 y.o., with no clinical signs of chronic non-infectious diseases, not taking any medications, but with probable existence of cardiovascular risk factors. All participants underwent prescreening investigation that included physical examination, clinical and biochemical blood collection, electrocardiography, thread-mill test, risk factors assessment, and sequencing of the variable loci V3-V4 of the gene 16S of rRNA of gut microbiota.Results. During the study, it was revealed that in the studied cohort there were more opportunistic bacteria in the donors having risk factors: Serratia — in obese and glucose metabolism disorder, Prevotella — in obese, disordered glucose metabolism and raised systolic pressure, Blautia — glucose metabolism disorder and raised systolic pressure. Amylolytic bacteria Oscillosipa were less common in obese.Conclusion. The dysbalance of gut microbiota with riased level of opportunistic bacteria that potentially initiate systemic non-specific inflammation, is associated with the existence of cardiovascular risk factors.

The increase of life duration leads to a sharp growth of the older and senile persons number. Differences in chronological and biological ages, of the velocity of ageing in different persons, make it to study biological and genetic factors of longevity. In the series of reviews we summarize the results of studies in these areas. However, except the fundamental scientific interest, general ageing of population and longevity are related to medical and social issues on the geriatric care organization. Regardless the high interest, longevity is still underinvestigated. The review focuses on the wide spectrum of longevity issues — from genetics to medical and social problems.

The collected data on the interaction of human-as-host and their gut microbiota reveals new opportunities for further investigation and translation to practice the novel methods of the body influence in whole and on separate systems, particularly via correction of gut microbiota condition. Previous reviews focused on recent data on the interaction of gut microbiota with the main cariovascular risk factors. Last article in this sequel focuses on the recent data on hypertension and condition of the gut microbiota, as on the influence of smoking on the gut microbiota. The article presents the results of investigations on the influence of short-chain fatty acids on arterial pressure, and on smoking impact on the gut microbiota.

Of the main significantly prevalent modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular risk are carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders. Recent years have shown some findings of the mechanisms. The current review highlights contemporary understanding of the link of gut microbiota with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders. The data provided on the influence of probiotics on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The data of last decade is covered.

The importance of adipose tissue is much greater than it has been expected. Adipose tissue is a large endocrine organ, value of which is difficult to overestimate. Its work influences a lot of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular pathology. Recently, there is active research on the relation of obesity and microbiota contents. It is studied depending on the food type, physical activity, and microbiota itself might influence the absorption of nutrients, permeability of the gut wall, and appetites. The article is focused on several mechanisms of interrelation of gut microbiota and obesity, on the results of last years studies.

The experience of the recent decade has led to ability of complex evaluation of human health, including not only external influences, genetic determinants, but to regard human body as an "environment" for billions of microbes that continuously interact with the host. Microbiota of the gut — the most "inhabitated organ" — is it was discovered, relates to a variety of cardiovascular risk factors. In the series of articles the description of recent data to be provided of the relations of gut microbiota and cardiovascular risk factors. Current article focuses on the recent views on the relation with no modifiable cardiovascular risk factors — sex and age. Some aspects to be described of the microbiota formation since in the womb development and during ageing, the recent results of the studies are described. Also some data on the relation of the sex and gut microbiota is mentioned.

Purpose of the study. To study the relationship between the gut microbiota composition, the state of the vascular wall and nutrient intake in patients without clinical manifestation of cardiovascular disease.Materials and methods. The study included 92 residents from Moscow and the Moscow region, men and women aged 25 to 76 y.o., without clinical manifestations of chronic diseases, with no medical treatment but with possible presence of cardiovascular risk factors. All the participants were examined with duplex scanning of the carotid arteries with the definition of the thickness of the intima-media complex (IMC), the presence of atherosclerotic plaques, measuring carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), the measurement of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (C-RP) and sequencing of the V3-V4 variable regions of 16S rRNA genes of the gut microbiota.Diet was studied by quantitative assessment of consumer products using a standardized computer program «Analysis of Human Nutrition states» (version 1.2.4 Research Institute of Nutrition 2003-2006).Results. The study revealed that in the investigated cohort IMC thickness was greater in those with a large number of bacterial genera Serratia and Blautia. Bifidobacterium representation was increased and Blautia representation was decreased in those who consumed a lot of starch.Conclusion. The composition of the gut microbiota is associated with both vascular wall stiffness and atherosclerosis. In addition, the bacteria associated with subclinical atherosclerosis were more represented among those who consumed smaller amounts of complex carbohydrates.