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Background. Due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), some social sectors were affected;one of them is girls and women, and it is feared some inequalities may worse. Objective. To analyze pneumonia, hospitalizations, and fatality among confirmed cases of COVID-19, by the state of residence, in Mexican women under 19 years. Methods. A quantitative, ecological, comparative, and retrolective study was designed. The study population was female patients under 19 years whose data was available from the Mexican open National Epidemiological Surveillance System database up to March 31, 2021. For each Mexican state and at the national level, the proportion of pneumonia, hospitalized, and Case Fatality Ratio (CFR) among confirmed cases were calculated, besides descriptive statistics. The state with the lowest proportion of pneumonia, hospitalizations, and CFR was used as the baseline group to calculate Odds Ratio (ORs) and Attributable Fraction both in exposed and the population. The linear relationship between pneumonia cases proportion and hospitalizations with CFR was tested. Test results with p-values under .05 were considered statistically significant. Data analysis was performed in STATA 13.0 ® (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA). Results. The number of registries analyzed was 48,091. Attributable Fractions were above 0.7 for most states. Most ORs were high and statistically significant. The correlation between hospitalization proportion, pneumonia proportion, and CFR was high. High values for the Attributable Fractions and ORs were observed among states from the Mexican coastlines. Conclusion. Level and quality of attention vary across states, which was observed through the values of Attributable Fractions and ORs. Although women under 19 years seem to be mildly affected by COVID-19 in clinical regard, the socioeconomic effects of the pandemic in this sector must be studied and addressed. The sharing of strategies among states may benefit the attention of the COVID-19 emergency is a primary goal.

With the emergence of a SARS-CoV-2 infection pandemic in China and its spread to other countries, mortality was shown to be high and to a greater extent if there were underlying pathologies. It is said {or an ecological analytical cross-sectional study, of the open records of confirmed and discarded cases for COVID-19 of the General Directorate of Epidemiology of the Secretary of Health of Mexico. A specific mortality of 9.79% is reported;being higher in men between the ages of 20 to 59 and over 60 years. Mortality rates from underlying diseases were higher than those reported in the USA in early May 2020. Asthma was found to be a protective factor for COVID-19 mortality. It is concluded that mortality was higher in the presence of comorbidities. © 2021 Oriental Scientific Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Aims: To compare the signs and symptoms in COVID-19 and another respiratory virus, among children. Study Design: A cross-sectional study was designed based on data from the National Epidemiological Surveillance System of the General Directorate of Epidemiology. Place and Duration of Study: All registries in database of confirmed and discarded cases of COVID-19 from Guanajuato State, Mexico in the period March-July 2020. Methodology: A confirmed case was one with clinical data mainly fever, cough and dyspnea, who had traveled to a country affected by the pandemic or had had contact with a confirmed case, and a positive rRT-PCR test for SARS -CoV-2. The cases discarded were those with the negative rRT-PCR test. The presence of clinical data among those under 18 years of age, of confirmed and discarded cases in the state of Guanajuato, was compared with Z for two proportions and P-value. Results: The sample included 446 confirmed cases and 2,134 discarded cases. The average age of those confirmed was 9.60 ± 5.46 years and 8.01 ± 5.39 years, among those discarded (P

Mexico has high number of new cases of Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19 and high rates of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, smoking, that can increase the mortality The aim was to analyze the evolution of the disease until June 30th, 2020;to know the Cause-Specific Mortality Rate by each state from Mexico and the effect of co-morbidities on mortality for Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19 Methods An ecological study was designed with public data of National Epidemiological Surveillance System to compare the hospital infrastructure (beds) and Cause-Specific Mortality Rate in each state from Mexico and analyze the effect of co-morbidities in mortality by Coronavirus Infectious Disease 19 It was used t-Student test, Z for two proportions, P-values, and OR, CI95%, and logistic regression Results From 509,539 registries, 226,089 (44 37%) were confirmed cases and 27,769 deaths were reported (12 28%) The states with higher mortality were Morelos, Baja California, Chihuahua, Guerrero There was a lineal relationship between number of beds and cause-specific mortality rate (P

The aim was to describe the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Mexico until April 16, 2020 The study design was an ecological descriptive study The place and duration of study were registries of confirmed cases for COVID-19 in Mexican population during February and until April 16, 2020, 13:00 PM, from National System of Epidemiological Surveillance/ General Direction of Epidemiology/ Secretary of Health, Mexico Material and methods: Accord to database of confirmed cases of COVID-19 by Secretary of Health in Mexico, it was collected data on age, gender, it was included 6,297 registries Results: The first confirmed case in Mexico was February 20, 2020 and the frequency are arising at the end of February and throughout March The early confirmed cases were imported cases for travel to USA, Italy, Germany, Spain, France and Singapore No one travelled to China Now, there are a lot of confirmed cases infected for contact with a case Conclusion: The frequency of confirmed cases of COVID-19 are higher and the health authorities in Mexico are waiting that the peak of the epidemiological curve is in early May

A review is made of the confirmed cases of COVID-19 and deaths in Mexico as of May 6, 2020, from the public database of the General Directorate of Epidemiology and the National System of Epidemiological Surveillance of the Ministry of Health in Mexico A descriptive ecological study of confirmed cases and deaths by COVID-19 is designed 27,634 confirmed cases and 2,704 registered deaths were reviewed Of the confirmed cases they predominated in men (58 48%) and their distribution by states of Mexico, being more frequent in Mexico City, State of Mexico, Baja California and Tabasco Deaths are shown by day on which they occurred It is concluded that the measures of social isolation and quarantine should be reinforced to decrease the number of confirmed cases and deaths related to COVID-19

The aim was to describe the clinical data from patients with confirmed cases of COVID-19 and clinical data of patients with pneumonia by the same virus. It was selected articles on clinical data from patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia by SARS-CoV-2 in pubmed, embase and google schoolar. It was described the clinical data of patients with COVID-19 from 3 studies with 1,078 patients. The main clinical data for COVID-19 were cough 60.4%, fever 40.9%, and production of sputum 26.0%. For pneumonia by SARS-CoV-2, was described clinical data from 495 patients from 5 studies, were fever 77.4%, cough 68.9%, and myoarthralgia 49.9%. In children with COVID-19 was reported cough 48.5%, pharyngeal erythema 46,2%, and fever 41.5%. To use only clinical data to submit patients to RT-PCR test is not good, because many infected patients have not clinical data (asymptomatic carriers) or they did not reported the main clinical data as fever, cough or myoarthralgia.

Aims: COVID-19 has been a big public health challenge around the world in the past several months. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemic and report the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Mexico until March 23, 2020. Study Design: Ecological descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Registries of confirmed cases for COVID-19 in Mexican population during February and until 23 March 2020, from National System of Epidemiological Surveillance/ General Direction of Epidemiology/ Secretary of Health, Mexico. Methodology: Based on the database of confirmed cases of COVID-19 by Secretary of Health in Mexico, we collected data on age, gender, and source of infection (travel to USA, European or Asian countries. As of March 23, 2020, 405 cases have been identified in Mexico. It was included 405 registries. Results: The first confirmed case in Mexico has been identified on February 20, 2020 and the incidence has been rising from the end of February and throughout March. The early confirmed cases were imported cases resulting from travel to USA, Italy, Germany, Spain, France and Singapore. No one travelled to China. No cases of community transmission have been reported. Conclusion: The frequency of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Mexico are concerning and the health authorities in Mexico are waiting for the peak of the epidemiological curve to occur in April.

Aims: Disease for a novel coronavirus has been a big public health challenge around the world in the past several months. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemic and report the number of confirmed cases and deaths of disease for a novel coronavirus in Mexico until May 15, 2020. Study Design: Ecological study. Place and Duration of Study: Registries of confirmed cases for disease for a novel coronavirus in Mexican population during January and until May 15, 2020, from National System of Epidemiological Surveillance/ General Direction of Epidemiology/ Secretary of Health, Mexico. Methodology: Based on the database of confirmed cases of disease for a novel coronavirus by Secretary of Health in Mexico, we collected data on age, gender, and deaths, and co-morbidities. As of May 15, 2020, 45,032 cases have been identified in Mexico. Results: The first confirmed case in Mexico has been identified on January 8, 2020 and the incidence has been rising from the end of February and throughout March. The early confirmed cases were imported cases resulting from travel to USA, Italy, Germany, Spain, France and Singapore. No one travelled to China. No cases of community transmission have been reported. The cause-specific mortality rate was 10.59% and the possibility to death is three times more if comorbidities are in the patient. Conclusion: The frequency of confirmed cases of disease for a novel coronavirus in Mexico are concerning and the health authorities in Mexico are waiting for the peak of the epidemiological curve to occur in May. The mortality is high with co-morbidities.

Background: The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 have become a global health crisis. The infection has been present in all the social sectors. Subjects under 18 years are one of them. The objective was to analyze the case fatality ratio of COVID-19 cases in the Mexican population under 18 years of age registered in the National Epidemiological Surveillance System from March 2020 to December 31, 2020.Material and Methods: The design is cross-sectional, quantitative, and analytical. All the suspected cases of respiratory viral disease, with a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test result, aged from 0 to 17 years, were included. Descriptive statistics are presented for all the variables. Epidemiological curves were designed. The chi-squared test and its P-values were obtained to show the relationship between comorbidities and death. The case fatality ratio was computed for each comorbidity, sex, and age group. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to study the effect between comorbidities with the fatality of cases, adjusting for sex and age group as potential confounders. The alpha value was fixed to 0.05 to assess significance.Results: The number of records for this study was 167,856. Among them, 48,505 were from SARS-CoV-2-positive patients (28.90%), and 119,351 (71.10%) were negative. Of those who died, males (55.29%) (P < 0.05) and those under 2 years of age (50.35%) (P < 0.05) predominated. Unlike in older populations, from the comorbidities considered risk factors for death by COVID-19, only immunosuppression showed a statistically significant effect on the fatality of cases after adjustment by the other related variables. Sex and age group were not confounders for the models in those under 18 years old. Pneumonia, being younger than 5 years, and immunosuppression are related to death.Conclusion: The case fatality ratio in those under 18 years old is low. Special attention must be paid to those children under 5 years. The development of pneumonia is a warning indicator while treating them. On the other hand, having an open database of cases allows the researchers to analyze the impact of COVID-19 in different population sectors, which has clear benefits for public health.

Background. The spread of infection and disease of SARS-CoV-2 is in all the world affecting more than 200 countries. Mexico has high new cases of disease and death for COVID-19. Although Guanajuato state also has a high number of new cases, the fatality of cases is below the mean in Mexico.Methods. It was a cross-sectional design, using the database of National Epidemiological Surveillance System in Mexico. It was collected data about age, sex, comorbidities (diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, immunosuppression, chronic kidney disease, obesity and smoking), date of death, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase test. The statistical analysis was using Case Fatality Ratio, Chi squared test and P-value to show relationship among variables and Odds Ratio and confidence intervals at 95% to show the effect of comorbidities on death due to COVID-19.Results. There were 100,109 suspected cases, 41.69% were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Age from 50 or higher and male sex had higher effect on fatality by COVID-19. In Guanajuato state, 48.68% of deaths occurred in Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, with a case fatality ratio 15.63% and in the Secretaría de Salud del estado de Guanajuato occurred 42.10% of the deaths with a case fatality ratio of 4.14%. Diabetes (OR 5.16, CI95% 4.77–5.59), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 6.34, CI95% 5.37–7.49), immunosuppression (OR 2.85, CI95% 2.17–3.76), cardiovascular disease (OR 4.20, CI95% 3.51–5.02), hypertension (OR 4.74, CI95% 4.39–5.11), chronic kidney disease (OR 6.27, CI95% 5.30–7.42), obesity (OR 1.87, CI95% 1.72–2.03), and smoking (OR 1.60, CI95% 1.41–1.81) had effect on death by COVID-19. In all cases age and male sex, acted as confounder. Asthma had a preventive effect on death by COVID-19 (OR=0.72, CI95% 0.54–0.97) Conclusion. Among the Guanajuato population with COVID-19, the main risk factor for dying were advanced age and male sex; diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunosuppression, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and smoking are risk factors for dying from COVID-19. HIV/AIDS has no effect on fatality from SARS-CoV-2 disease. Asthma is shown as a protective factor for dying from COVID-19.

Introduction: In December 2019, cases of pneumonia of unknown cause arose in Wuhan, China. The causative agent was subsequently identified as 2019-nCoV and later called SARS-CoV-2. In Mexico, since January 2020 when the first cases were reported, the spread of the infection has occurred throughout the country. The state of Guanajuato, which is located in the center of the country, has taken isolation measures and closed public places in March 2020. The objective of this study was to analyze the evolution, symptoms, co-morbidities and deaths due to confirmed cases of COVID-19.Methods: An ecological study was designed from the database of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the state of Guanajuato. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for symptoms and co-morbidities in deaths of confirmed cases. Logistic regression models were generated adjusting for age group and gender.Results: Among the 838 confirmed cases in the state, cases with dyspnea and cyanosis showed more significant effect on death. Age group and gender had little involvement as confounders. For practically all comorbidities (including diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and immunosuppression), there was a significant effect (odds ratio greater than 2) on mortality from COVID-19. Age group showed a confounding effect on comorbidities and death, but not gender.Conclusion: The confirmed cases had more than twice the possibility of having comorbidities, compared with those who did not die.