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1. P603 Real-world Scottish experience of anti-TNF therapy in paediatric Crohn’s disease 2016-2020 against the ECCO-ESPGHAN recommendations

Author

D Wands, G Scott, D C Wilson, R Hansen, and I Chalmers

Subjects
Gastroenterology, General Medicine
Abstract

Background ECCO-ESPGHAN updated the guideline on the management of paediatric Crohn’s disease (CD) in 2021. This promoted a move to early risk stratification and a ‘top-down’ (anti-TNF within 4 weeks of diagnosis) approach for patients who were deemed high-risk. High-risk was defined by extensive panenteric or severe disease, perianal, stricturing and/or penetrating behaviour. We sought to compare the use of anti-TNF therapy against the new guidance by conducting a Scottish nationwide retrospective multi-centre study (all three regional PGHAN units). Methods We analysed a prospectively identified nationwide cohort of all new paediatric CD patients ( Results 419 patients were included (259/419 male; median age at diagnosis 13.2 yrs). Disease phenotype and behaviour are shown in tables 1 and 2. 225/419 (54%) were classified as high-risk and 194/419 (46%) as low/medium-risk. 171/225 (76%) high-risk and 78/194 (40%) low/medium-risk patients received anti-TNF within 18 months of diagnosis, with median start at 5 months (IQR: 1- 8 m) and 6.5 months (IQR: 3 – 13 m) respectively. Figure 1 demonstrates cumulative anti-TNF new starts by month. Of these patients, 49/171 (40%) high-risk and 12/78 (15.3%) low-risk received anti-TNF within 4 weeks of diagnosis. High-risk patients were more likely to receive anti-TNF (76.0% vs 40.2%, p Conclusion The ECCO-ESPGHAN guidance seeks to shift practice towards “top-down” anti-TNF therapy in high-risk patients. Our real-world data supports this view by showing that high-risk patients are more likely to require biologics within 18 months and more likely to require surgery than low/medium-risk patients. The ECCO-ESPGHAN approach would however have led to unnecessary anti-TNF in 24% of our high-risk cohort within 18 months of diagnosis. The financial cost and risk:benefit profile of this group should be considered carefully both in clinical practice and future guidance.

Published
2023
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2. Review of Particle Physics: 2022

Author

Workman, R.L., V.D. Burkert, V. Crede, E. Klempt, U. Thoma, L. Tiator, K. Agashe, G. Aielli, B.C. Allanach, C. Amsler, M. Antonelli, E.C. Aschenauer, D.M. Asner, H. Baer, Sw. Banerjee, R.M. Barnett, L. Baudis, C.W. Bauer, J.J. Beatty, V.I. Belousov, J. Beringer, A. Bettini, O. Biebel, K.M. Black, E. Blucher, R. Bonventre, V.V. Bryzgalov, O. Buchmuller, M.A. Bychkov, R.N. Cahn, M. Carena, A. Ceccucci, A. Cerri, R. Sekhar Chivukula, G. Cowan, K. Cranmer, O. Cremonesi, G. D'Ambrosio, T. Damour, D. de Florian, A. de Gouvêa, T. DeGrand, P. de Jong, S. Demers, B.A. Dobrescu, M. D'Onofrio, M. Doser, H.K. Dreiner, P. Eerola, U. Egede, S. Eidelman, A.X. El-Khadra, J. Ellis, S.C. Eno, J. Erler, V.V. Ezhela, W. Fetscher, B.D. Fields, A. Freitas, H. Gallagher, Y. Gershtein, T. Gherghetta, M.C. Gonzalez-Garcia, M. Goodman, C. Grab, A.V. Gritsan, C. Grojean, D.E. Groom, M. Grünewald, A. Gurtu, T. Gutsche, H.E. Haber, Matthieu Hamel, C. Hanhart, S. Hashimoto, Y. Hayato, A. Hebecker, S. Heinemeyer, J.J. Hernández-Rey, K. Hikasa, J. Hisano, A. Höcker, J. Holder, L. Hsu, J. Huston, T. Hyodo, Al. Ianni, M. Kado, M. Karliner, U.F. Katz, M. Kenzie, V.A. Khoze, S.R. Klein, F. Krauss, M. Kreps, P. Križan, B. Krusche, Y. Kwon, O. Lahav, J. Laiho, L.P. Lellouch, J. Lesgourgues, A.R. Liddle, Z. Ligeti, C.-J. Lin, C. Lippmann, T.M. Liss, L. Littenberg, C. Lourenço, K.S. Lugovsky, S.B. Lugovsky, A. Lusiani, Y. Makida, F. Maltoni, T. Mannel, A.V. Manohar, W.J. Marciano, A. Masoni, J. Matthews, U.-G. Meißner, I.-A. Melzer-Pellmann, M. Mikhasenko, D.J. Miller, D. Milstead, R.E. Mitchell, K. Mönig, P. Molaro, F. Moortgat, M. Moskovic, K. Nakamura, M. Narain, P. Nason, S. Navas, A. Nelles, M. Neubert, P. Nevski, Y. Nir, K.A. Olive, C. Patrignani, J.A. Peacock, V.A. Petrov, E. Pianori, A. Pich, A. Piepke, F. Pietropaolo, A. Pomarol, S. Pordes, S. Profumo, A. Quadt, K. Rabbertz, J. Rademacker, G. Raffelt, M. Ramsey-Musolf, B.N. Ratcliff, P. Richardson, A. Ringwald, D.J. Robinson, S. Roesler, S. Rolli, A. Romaniouk, L.J. Rosenberg, J.L. Rosner, G. Rybka, M.G. Ryskin, R.A. Ryutin, Y. Sakai, S. Sarkar, F. Sauli, O. Schneider, S. Schönert, K. Scholberg, A.J. Schwartz, J. Schwiening, D. Scott, F. Sefkow, U. Seljak, V. Sharma, S.R. Sharpe, V. Shiltsev, G. Signorelli, M. Silari, F. Simon, T. Sjöstrand, P. Skands, T. Skwarnicki, G.F. Smoot, A. Soffer, M.S. Sozzi, S. Spanier, C. Spiering, A. Stahl, S.L. Stone, Y. Sumino, M.J. Syphers, F. Takahashi, M. Tanabashi, J. Tanaka, M. Taševský, K. Terao, K. Terashi, J. Terning, R.S. Thorne, M. Titov, N.P. Tkachenko, D.R. Tovey, K. Trabelsi, P. Urquijo, G. Valencia, R. Van de Water, N. Varelas, G. Venanzoni, L. Verde, I. Vivarelli, P. Vogel, W. Vogelsang, V. Vorobyev, S.P. Wakely, W. Walkowiak, C.W. Walter, D. Wands, D.H. Weinberg, E.J. Weinberg, N. Wermes, M. White, L.R. Wiencke, S. Willocq, C.G. Wohl, C.L. Woody, W.-M. Yao, M. Yokoyama, R. Yoshida, G. Zanderighi, G.P. Zeller, O.V. Zenin, R.-Y. Zhu, Shi-Lin Zhu, F. Zimmermann, P.A. Zyla, J. Anderson, T. Basaglia, P. Schaffner, and W. Zheng

Subjects
Nuclear Physics - Theory, Particle Physics - Experiment, Particle Physics - Theory, Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,143 new measurements from 709 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Machine Learning, and one on Spectroscopy of Light Meson Resonances. The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 97 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 23 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings. The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print, as a web version optimized for use on phones, and as an Android app.

Published
2022

3. Review of Particle Physics (RPP 2020)

Author

P A Zyla, R M Barnett, J Beringer, O Dahl, D A Dwyer, D E Groom, C -J Lin, K S Lugovsky, E Pianori, D J Robinson, C G Wohl, W -M Yao, K Agashe, G Aielli, B C Allanach, C Amsler, M Antonelli, E C Aschenauer, D M Asner, H Baer, Sw Banerjee, L Baudis, C W Bauer, J J Beatty, V I Belousov, S Bethke, A Bettini, O Biebel, K M Black, E Blucher, O Buchmuller, V Burkert, M A Bychkov, R N Cahn, M Carena, A Ceccucci, A Cerri, D Chakraborty, R Sekhar Chivukula, G Cowan, G D'Ambrosio, T Damour, D de Florian, A de Gouvêa, T DeGrand, P de Jong, G Dissertori, B A Dobrescu, M D'Onofrio, M Doser, M Drees, H K Dreiner, P Eerola, U Egede, S Eidelman, J Ellis, J Erler, V V Ezhela, W Fetscher, B D Fields, B Foster, A Freitas, H Gallagher, L Garren, H -J Gerber, G Gerbier, T Gershon, Y Gershtein, T Gherghetta, A A Godizov, M C Gonzalez-Garcia, M Goodman, C Grab, A V Gritsan, C Grojean, M Grünewald, A Gurtu, T Gutsche, H E Haber, C Hanhart, S Hashimoto, Y Hayato, A Hebecker, S Heinemeyer, B Heltsley, J J Hernández-Rey, K Hikasa, J Hisano, A Höcker, J Holder, A Holtkamp, J Huston, T Hyodo, K F Johnson, M Kado, M Karliner, U F Katz, M Kenzie, V A Khoze, S R Klein, E Klempt, R V Kowalewski, F Krauss, M Kreps, B Krusche, Y Kwon, O Lahav, J Laiho, L P Lellouch, J Lesgourgues, A R Liddle, Z Ligeti, C Lippmann, T M Liss, L Littenberg, C Lourengo, S B Lugovsky, A Lusiani, Y Makida, F Maltoni, T Mannel, A V Manohar, W J Marciano, A Masoni, J Matthews, U -G Meißner, M Mikhasenko, D J Miller, D Milstead, R E Mitchell, K Mönig, P Molaro, F Moortgat, M Moskovic, K Nakamura, M Narain, P Nason, S Navas, M Neubert, P Nevski, Y Nir, K A Olive, C Patrignani, J A Peacock, S T Petcov, V A Petrov, A Pich, A Piepke, A Pomarol, S Profumo, A Quadt, K Rabbertz, J Rademacker, G Raffelt, H Ramani, M Ramsey-Musolf, B N Ratcliff, P Richardson, A Ringwald, S Roesler, S Rolli, A Romaniouk, L J Rosenberg, J L Rosner, G Rybka, M Ryskin, R A Ryutin, Y Sakai, G P Salam, S Sarkar, F Sauli, O Schneider, K Scholberg, A J Schwartz, J Schwiening, D Scott, V Sharma, S R Sharpe, T Shutt, M Silari, T Sjöstrand, P Skands, T Skwarnicki, G F Smoot, A Soffer, M S Sozzi, S Spanier, C Spiering, A Stahl, S L Stone, Y Sumino, T Sumiyoshi, M J Syphers, F Takahashi, M Tanabashi, J Tanaka, M Taševský, K Terashi, J Terning, U Thoma, R S Thorne, L Tiator, M Titov, N P Tkachenko, D R Tovey, K Trabelsi, P Urquijo, G Valencia, R Van de Water, N Varelas, G Venanzoni, L Verde, M G Vincter, P Vogel, W Vogelsang, A Vogt, V Vorobyev, S P Wakely, W Walkowiak, C W Walter, D Wands, M O Wascko, D H Weinberg, E J Weinberg, M White, L R Wiencke, S Willocq, C L Woody, R L Workman, M Yokoyama, R Yoshida, G Zanderighi, G P Zeller, O V Zenin, R -Y Zhu, S -L Zhu, F Zimmermann, J Anderson, T Basaglia, V S Lugovsky, P Schaffner, W Zheng, P A Zyla, R M Barnett, J Beringer, O Dahl, D A Dwyer, D E Groom, C -J Lin, K S Lugovsky, E Pianori, D J Robinson, C G Wohl, W -M Yao, K Agashe, G Aielli, B C Allanach, C Amsler, M Antonelli, E C Aschenauer, D M Asner, H Baer, Sw Banerjee, L Baudi, C W Bauer, J J Beatty, V I Belousov, S Bethke, A Bettini, O Biebel, K M Black, E Blucher, O Buchmuller, V Burkert, M A Bychkov, R N Cahn, M Carena, A Ceccucci, A Cerri, D Chakraborty, R Sekhar Chivukula, G Cowan, G D'Ambrosio, T Damour, D de Florian, A de Gouvêa, T DeGrand, P de Jong, G Dissertori, B A Dobrescu, M D'Onofrio, M Doser, M Dree, H K Dreiner, P Eerola, U Egede, S Eidelman, J Elli, J Erler, V V Ezhela, W Fetscher, B D Field, B Foster, A Freita, H Gallagher, L Garren, H -J Gerber, G Gerbier, T Gershon, Y Gershtein, T Gherghetta, A A Godizov, M C Gonzalez-Garcia, M Goodman, C Grab, A V Gritsan, C Grojean, M Grünewald, A Gurtu, T Gutsche, H E Haber, C Hanhart, S Hashimoto, Y Hayato, A Hebecker, S Heinemeyer, B Heltsley, J J Hernández-Rey, K Hikasa, J Hisano, A Höcker, J Holder, A Holtkamp, J Huston, T Hyodo, K F Johnson, M Kado, M Karliner, U F Katz, M Kenzie, V A Khoze, S R Klein, E Klempt, R V Kowalewski, F Krau, M Krep, B Krusche, Y Kwon, O Lahav, J Laiho, L P Lellouch, J Lesgourgue, A R Liddle, Z Ligeti, C Lippmann, T M Li, L Littenberg, C Lourengo, S B Lugovsky, A Lusiani, Y Makida, F Maltoni, T Mannel, A V Manohar, W J Marciano, A Masoni, J Matthew, U -G Meißner, M Mikhasenko, D J Miller, D Milstead, R E Mitchell, K Mönig, P Molaro, F Moortgat, M Moskovic, K Nakamura, M Narain, P Nason, S Nava, M Neubert, P Nevski, Y Nir, K A Olive, C Patrignani, J A Peacock, S T Petcov, V A Petrov, A Pich, A Piepke, A Pomarol, S Profumo, A Quadt, K Rabbertz, J Rademacker, G Raffelt, H Ramani, M Ramsey-Musolf, B N Ratcliff, P Richardson, A Ringwald, S Roesler, S Rolli, A Romaniouk, L J Rosenberg, J L Rosner, G Rybka, M Ryskin, R A Ryutin, Y Sakai, G P Salam, S Sarkar, F Sauli, O Schneider, K Scholberg, A J Schwartz, J Schwiening, D Scott, V Sharma, S R Sharpe, T Shutt, M Silari, T Sjöstrand, P Skand, T Skwarnicki, G F Smoot, A Soffer, M S Sozzi, S Spanier, C Spiering, A Stahl, S L Stone, Y Sumino, T Sumiyoshi, M J Sypher, F Takahashi, M Tanabashi, J Tanaka, M Taševský, K Terashi, J Terning, U Thoma, R S Thorne, L Tiator, M Titov, N P Tkachenko, D R Tovey, K Trabelsi, P Urquijo, G Valencia, R Van de Water, N Varela, G Venanzoni, L Verde, M G Vincter, P Vogel, W Vogelsang, A Vogt, V Vorobyev, S P Wakely, W Walkowiak, C W Walter, D Wand, M O Wascko, D H Weinberg, E J Weinberg, M White, L R Wiencke, S Willocq, C L Woody, R L Workman, M Yokoyama, R Yoshida, G Zanderighi, G P Zeller, O V Zenin, R -Y Zhu, S -L Zhu, F Zimmermann, J Anderson, T Basaglia, V S Lugovsky, P Schaffner, and W Zheng

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, HEP, Particle Data Group
Abstract

he Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,324 new measurements from 878 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on High Energy Soft QCD and Diffraction and one on the Determination of CKM Angles from B Hadrons. The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 98 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 22 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings. The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print and as a web version optimized for use on phones as well as an Android app.

Published
2020

4. Review of Particle Physics

Author

J Lesgourgues, Siegfried Bethke, C. Hanhart, P Eerola, Christian W. Bauer, F Takahashi, Oleg Zenin, A. de Gouvea, C. Grojean, O Buchmuller, Masaharu Tanabashi, P. de Jong, J. Erler, R Sekhar Chivukula, M Taševský, S.I. Eidelman, C. W. Walter, D J Miller, A. Piepke, Torbjörn Sjöstrand, Y Sumino, Orin I. Dahl, Herbert K. Dreiner, A Soffer, Chi Lin, Bogdan A. Dobrescu, S. M. Spanier, R E Mitchell, Marcela Carena, Manuella Vincter, Otmar Biebel, M Karliner, V. S. Lugovsky, Ren-Yuan Zhu, J. J. Beatty, C. Patrignani, A Pomarol, U Thoma, Kurtis F Johnson, N Varelas, William J. Marciano, David Milstead, Sw. Banerjee, Michael Doser, P Urquijo, A. Gurtu, A Bettini, Aneesh V. Manohar, L. S. Littenberg, Michael Syphers, Burkert, M C Gonzalez-Garcia, Ron L. Workman, Jamie Holder, German Valencia, Subir Sarkar, M Kenzie, Charles G Wohl, W. Fetscher, J Hisano, W Vogelsang, Th. Gutsche, Zoltan Ligeti, Thibault Damour, K Rabbertz, Marumi Kado, Sharma, G. Cowan, Klaus Mönig, Fabio Maltoni, C. L. Woody, Anatoli Romaniouk, A. Stahl, Michal Kreps, J Ellis, W-M. Yao, B C Allanach, J Anderson, Ken Ichi Hikasa, Eberhard Klempt, Keith A. Olive, V I Belousov, David H. Weinberg, J.J. Hernández-Rey, Meenakshi Narain, Younghoon Kwon, Andreas Ringwald, M O Wascko, K Trabelsi, E. J. Weinberg, R Yoshida, Jonas Rademacker, D. M. Asner, R A Ryutin, Paolo Molaro, C Lourengo, Peter Skands, Vorobyev, Wolfgang Walkowiak, S. B. Lugovsky, B. K. Heltsley, K. S. Lugovsky, Uli Katz, Daniel Tovey, George F. Smoot, Stephen R. Sharpe, S Heinemeyer, Brian D. Fields, H Ramani, Y Gershtein, R S Thorne, Ofer Lahav, K M Black, T Mannel, Timothy Gershon, Yoshinari Hayato, P. Schaffner, E. Blucher, G. Venanzoni, T Skwarnicki, Giancarlo D'Ambrosio, A J Schwartz, D J Robinson, G Rybka, Joey Huston, M S Sozzi, L.J. Rosenberg, L P Lellouch, Sophia L. Stone, U G Meißner, L. R. Wiencke, L Verde, S. Rolli, G. Dissertori, Augusto Ceccucci, S. T. Petcov, Matthias Neubert, Koji Nakamura, J. Beringer, E Pianori, W Zheng, G Zanderighi, Paul William Richardson, Daniel de Florian, Maksym Titov, C Lippmann, K Terashi, Y. Sakai, A Höcker, Ezhela, L. Tiator, Manuel Drees, A Pich, S Profumo, Gavin P. Salam, R. M. Barnett, J Schwiening, E C Aschenauer, Howard Baer, O. Schneider, Tony Gherghetta, P A Zyla, Jack Laiho, T Hyodo, Jonathan L. Rosner, B. Krusche, H J Gerber, Kate Scholberg, Stefan Roesler, Shoji Hashimoto, D Wands, G Aielli, A Holtkamp, Andrei Gritsan, Arnulf Quadt, A Freitas, Alessandro Cerri, U Egede, H. R. Gallagher, G. Gerbier, V A Khoze, S. R. Klein, B. N. Ratcliff, Y Makida, S. P. Wakely, Christoph Grab, Alberto Masoni, M Mikhasenko, Tony Liss, R. N. Cahn, A A Godizov, Paolo Nason, P. Nevski, T. Sumiyoshi, M D'Onofrio, A Lusiani, B. Foster, Thomas DeGrand, N. P. Tkachenko, Martin White, Douglas Scott, M Yokoyama, G P Zeller, M Ryskin, Petr Vogel, Christian Spiering, M A Bychkov, L. Garren, R. Kowalewski, John Terning, Claude Amsler, John Matthews, Y. Nir, A Hebecker, Mario Antonelli, M Ramsey-Musolf, Andreas Vogt, S L Zhu, Andrew R. Liddle, L Baudis, Debadi Chakraborty, Kaustubh Agashe, J Tanaka, S. Sánchez Navas, Howard E. Haber, Frank Krauss, M. C. Goodman, V A Petrov, Martin Grunewald, Fabio Sauli, D A Dwyer, R. G. Van de Water, M. Silari, John A. Peacock, S Willocq, T Shutt, Frank Zimmermann, Filip Moortgat, M Moskovic, Georg G. Raffelt, D. E. Groom, T. Basaglia, The George Washington University (GW), Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab), Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik (HISKP), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, University of Maryland [Baltimore], Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), INFN Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY] (BNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), University of Oklahoma (OU), University of Louisville, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova (INFN, Sezione di Padova), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), University of Wisconsin Oshkosh (UWO), University of Chicago, Imperial College London, University of Virginia, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), CERN [Genève], University of Sussex, University of California (UC), Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), State University of New York (SUNY Canton), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli (INFN, Sezione di Napoli), Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHES), IHES, Universidad Nacional de San Martin (UNSAM), Northwestern University [Evanston], University of Colorado [Boulder], University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Yale University [New Haven], University of Liverpool, Universitätsklinikum Bonn (UKB), TKK Helsinki University of Technology (TKK), Monash university, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, King‘s College London, Departement Physik [ETH Zürich] (D-PHYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Tufts University [Medford], Rutgers University [Camden], Rutgers University System (Rutgers), University of Minnesota System, Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL), Departement Erdwissenschaften [ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science [TIFR] (CMPMS), Tata Institute for Fundamental Research (TIFR), Universitätsklinikum Tübingen - University Hospital of Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, KEK (High energy accelerator research organization), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Heidelberg University, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Universitat de València (UV), Tohoku University [Sendai], University of Delaware [Newark], Michigan State University System, Tokyo Metropolitan University [Tokyo] (TMU), Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tel Aviv University (TAU), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University of Warwick [Coventry], Department of Physics [Durham University], Durham University, University of Ljubljana, University of Basel (Unibas), Yonsei University, University College of London [London] (UCL), Syracuse University, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CPT - E1 Physique des particules, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), Universidade de Lisboa, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung (GSI), City College of New York [CUNY] (CCNY), City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (SNS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Universität Siegen [Siegen], Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Cagliari (INFN, Sezione di Cagliari), Louisiana State University (LSU), University of Glasgow, Stockholms universitet, Indiana State University, INAF/OATS, Trieste, Italy, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Brown University, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute» [Moscow, Russia], Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universitat de València (UV), University of Alabama [Tuscaloosa] (UA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), University of Bristol [Bristol], Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut) (MPI-P), Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, The National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) [Moscow, Russia], University of Mary Washington, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, University of Oxford, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Technische Universität München = Technical University of Munich (TUM), University of Cincinnati (UC), University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Washington [Seattle], Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Pisa] (INFN), Lund University [Lund], AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, University of Tennessee System, Northern Illinois University, Nagoya University, Tokyo University of Science [Tokyo], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, University of Sheffield [Sheffield], University of Melbourne, Monash University [Melbourne], University of Barcelona, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Radiology [Radiologische Universitätsklinik Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen], University of Portsmouth, Columbia University [New York], Colorado School of Mines, University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems (MPI-PKS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology [Moscow] (MIPT), Peking University [Beijing], Institute of High Energy Physics [Beijing] (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Particle Data Group, Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques (IHES), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), CEA/DSM, Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), UCL - SST/IRMP - Institut de recherche en mathématique et physique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ITA, Department of Energy (US), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, European Commission, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Tanabashi, M, Grp, P, Hagiwara, K, Hikasa, K, Nakamura, K, Sumino, Y, Takahashi, F, Tanaka, J, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Beringer, J, Bethke, S, Bettini, A, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Black, K, Blucher, E, Buchmuller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H, Dwyer, D, Eerola, P, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Firestone, R, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gershtein, Y, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grojean, C, Groom, D, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K, Hebecker, A, Heinemeyer, S, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hisano, J, Hocker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Hyodo, T, Irwin, K, Johnson, K, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Lesgourgues, J, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Lippmann, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, U, Milstead, D, Mitche, R, Moenig, K, Molaro, P, Moortgat, F, Moskovic, M, Murayama, H, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Griso, S, Parsons, J, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Pennington, M, Petcov, S, Petrov, V, Pianori, E, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Rybka, G, Ryutin, R, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stah, A, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thoma, U, Thorne, R, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Verde, L, Vincter, M, Voge, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Wands, D, Ward, D, Wascko, M, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D, Weinberg, E, White, M, Wiencke, L, Willocq, S, Woh, C, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yao, W, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhu, R, Zhu, S, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, P, Anderson, J, Fuller, L, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Tanabashi, M., Grp, Particle Data, Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Nakamura, K., Sumino, Y., Takahashi, F., Tanaka, J., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., Degrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Firestone, R., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hisano, J., Hocker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U. -G., Milstead, D., Mitche, R. E., Moenig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Murayama, H., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stah, A., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D. R., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M. G., Voge, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Woh, C. C., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zhu, S. -L., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Fuller, L., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Robinson, D. J., Wohl, C. G., Allanach, B. C., Aschenauer, E. C., Baudis, L., Sekhar Chivukula, R., Egede, U., Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C., Huston, J., Kenzie, M., Khoze, V. A., Lellouch, L. P., Liddle, A. R., Lourenco, C., Mikhasenko, M., Miller, D. J., Mitchell, R. E., Monig, K., Pich, A., Profumo, S., Rabbertz, K., Ramani, H., Ramsey-Musolf, M., Ryskin, M., Schwiening, J., Soffer, A., Sozzi, M. S., Stahl, A., Tasevsky, M., Trabelsi, K., Urquijo, P., van de Water, R., Vogel, P., Vogelsang, W., Vorobyev, V., Yokoyama, M., Yoshida, R., Zanderighi, G., Zheng, W., and Department of Physics

Subjects
high energy, lepton, mixing [neutrino], High Energy Physics::Lattice, Cosmic microwave background, diffraction, Technicolor, Astrophysics, Omega, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, higgs-boson production, Big Bang nucleosynthesis, cosmological model: parameter space, tau, dark energy, Monte Carlo, fields, pentaquark, instrumentation, Settore FIS/01, gauge boson, Anomalous magnetic dipole moment, deep-inelastic scattering, new physics, Physics, DOUBLE-BETA-DECAY, Electroweak interaction, density [dark matter], HEAVY FLAVOUR, Quarkonium, review, particle, physics, SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL, square-root-s, Physics, Nuclear, grand unified theory, boson: heavy, statistics, Physical Sciences, Higgs boson, axion: mass, flavor: violation, Neutrino, ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, on-line, S013EPH, Quark, heavy [boson], [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Physics, Multidisciplinary, anomalous magnetic-moment, electroweak radiative-corrections, dark matter: density, Higgs particle, meson, neutrino masses, neutrino mixing, neutrino oscillations, 114 Physical sciences, CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY, neutrino mixing, Standard Model, quark, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, Nucleosynthesis, quantum chromodynamics, CP: violation, Dark matter, ddc:530, particle physics, Strong Interactions, 010306 general physics, sparticle, S013DF, grand unified theories, PRODUCTION, Gauge boson, Science & Technology, neutrino masses, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, C50 Other topics in experimental particle physics, Particle Data Group, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Deep inelastic scattering, to-leading-order, Automatic Keywords, heavy boson, axion, tables (particle physics), Tetraquark, proton-proton collisions, Supersymmetry, hadron, neutrino: mixing, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], cosmology, Volume (compression), HIGGS-BOSON, UB-VERTICAL-BAR, cosmological model, dark energy density, experimental methods, ddc:539.72021, Physics beyond the Standard Model, standard model, group theory, General Physics and Astronomy, tables, particle physics, high energy physics, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Quantum chromodynamics, energy: high, E Rev 2016, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, photon, Nuclear & Particles Physics, parameter space [cosmological model], dark energy: density, high [energy], M013WX, fermion-pair production, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, dark matter, statistical analysis, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, conservation law, cold dark-matter, TAU LEPTONS, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, tables, DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING, electroweak interaction, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, 750 GeV diphoton excess, PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION, baryon, density [dark energy], Physics and Astronomy, gravitation, CKM matrix, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], High Energy Physics::Experiment, supersymmetry, Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,143 new measurements from 709 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Machine Learning, and one on Spectroscopy of Light Meson Resonances. The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 97 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 23 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings. The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print, as a web version optimized for use on phones, and as an Android app., United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC02-05CH11231, government of Japan (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Physical Society of Japan (JPS), European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN), United States Department of Energy (DOE)

Published
2018
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5. Consecutive low doses of cyclophosphamide preferentially target Tregs and potentiate T cell responses induced by DNA PLG microparticle immunization

Author

Radha Ramesh, Barbara S. Slusher, Gregory D. Wands, Min Yang, Thomas M. Luby, Mary Lynne Hedley, and Christine M. Barbon

Subjects
Cyclophosphamide, Regulatory T cell, Drug Compounding, T cell, Immunology, Biology, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Epitope, Cell Line, Epitopes, Mice, Antigen, Antigens, Neoplasm, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Vaccines, DNA, medicine, Animals, Humans, Cytotoxic T cell, Avidity, Mice, Inbred C3H, T lymphocyte, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1, Cancer research, Female, Immunization, Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases, Immunosuppressive Agents, Spleen, medicine.drug
Abstract

Cyclophosphamide in combination with immunotherapeutic approaches preferentially impinges on Treg activity and allows for robust generation of T cell effectors. Reduced dosages of cyclophosphamide are necessary to restrict its cytotoxic effects to the negative regulatory cell populations while sparing effector lymphocytes. We investigated cyclophosphamide dosing in combination with ZYC300, a PLG-encapsulated plasmid DNA vaccine which encodes the cytochrome P450 family member, CYP1B1, a known human tumor-associated antigen. In mice, three consecutive, low doses of cyclophosphamide comprised a superior regimen in enhancing the magnitude, diversity of epitopes, and avidity to individual epitopes of specific T cell responses when compared to regimens that used either a single low or a single high dose. Consecutive low doses of cyclophosphamide predominantly targeted Tregs while sparing overall T lymphocyte counts. Thus, we report the synergistic activity of pharmacologic Treg depletion with cyclophosphamide on quantitatively and qualitatively increasing T cell responses to a known human tumor-associated antigen.

Published
2010
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6. The cloning of the human follicle stimulating hormone receptor and its expression in COS-7, CHO, and Y-1 cells

Author

Susan A. Overton, Christie A. Kelton, Rene Lynn Schweickhardt, Carol A. Luchette, Judy L. Rosenthal, Jennifer B. Kuzeja, Nugent Noreen P, Gregory D. Wands, Cheng Shirley Vui Yen, and Chappel Scott C

Subjects
Male, endocrine system, medicine.drug_class, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, CHO Cells, Biology, Transfection, Biochemistry, Cell Line, Mice, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Endocrinology, Cricetinae, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Complementary DNA, Chlorocebus aethiops, Testis, Tumor Cells, Cultured, medicine, Animals, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Receptor, Molecular Biology, Progesterone, Gene Library, Sertoli Cells, Base Sequence, cDNA library, Chinese hamster ovary cell, Ovary, Genetic Variation, DNA, Progesterone secretion, Fibroblasts, Molecular biology, Introns, Rats, Gene Expression Regulation, Receptors, FSH, Female, Gonadotropin, Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor, Sequence Alignment, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor clones were isolated from a human testis cDNA library. Characterization of the cDNA clones showed that the DNA and predicted amino acid sequences of the long open reading frame differed from a previously published human ovarian FSH receptor sequence (Minegish et al. (1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 175, 1125–1130) by seven nucleotides and five amino acids. A human FSH receptor splice variant was also identified and characterized. A full-length human FSH receptor cDNA was engineered for expression in COS-7, CHO, and Y-1 cells. In transient transfections of COS-7 cells and stable transfections of Y-1 cells, efficient FSH receptor mRNA accumulation and isolation of FSH-responsive cell lines occurred only when an intron was included in the 5' untranslated region of the FSH receptor transcription unit. Y-1 cells stably transfected with the FSH receptor responded to FSH treatment by rounding up and by synthesizing increased amounts of progesterone. Stably transfected CHO cell lines, which responded to FSH by synthesizing increased amounts of cAMP, were isolated irrespective of the presence of the heterologous intron. The FSH-responsive CHO and Y-1 cell lines may be suitable for the development of better in vitro FSH bioassays. These cells also constitute a convenient source of human FSH receptor protein for use in radioreceptor assays and in studies of receptor-ligand interactions.

Published
1992
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7. Exclusive enteral nutrition impacts peripheral blood mononuclear cell profile of children with Crohn's disease.

Author

White B, Curle J, Gervais L, Wands D, Nichols B, Hansen R, Russell RK, Gerasimidis K, and Milling S

Subjects
Humans, Child, Male, Female, Adolescent, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Crohn Disease therapy, Crohn Disease immunology, Crohn Disease blood, Enteral Nutrition methods, Leukocytes, Mononuclear immunology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear metabolism
Abstract

The immunological effects of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in the treatment of active Crohn's disease (CD) are yet to be unveiled. The present study investigated changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell profiles in children with active CD following 8-week treatment with EEN. In nine children, EEN significantly decreased the number and frequency of circulating effector memory CD8 + T cells re-expressing CD45RA, with corresponding increases observed in the frequency of circulating central and effector memory CD8 + T cells. These signals were conserved when looking at a subgroup of patients who achieved remission, and another who demonstrated the highest level of compliance to EEN. We speculate that the increases in circulating central and effector memory CD8 + T cells may be related to the extensive microbiome-modifying effects of EEN dampening immune response within the gastrointestinal tract., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.)

Published
2024
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8. Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota of Children With Celiac Disease at the Time of Diagnosis and on a Gluten-free Diet.

Author

Zafeiropoulou K, Nichols B, Mackinder M, Biskou O, Rizou E, Karanikolou A, Clark C, Buchanan E, Cardigan T, Duncan H, Wands D, Russell J, Hansen R, Russell RK, McGrogan P, Edwards CA, Ijaz UZ, and Gerasimidis K

Subjects
Case-Control Studies, Celiac Disease microbiology, Child, Dysbiosis microbiology, Feces microbiology, Female, Healthy Volunteers, Humans, Male, Scotland, Celiac Disease diagnosis, Diet, Gluten-Free adverse effects, Dysbiosis diagnosis, Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Abstract

Background and Aims: It is not clear whether alterations in the intestinal microbiota of children with celiac disease (CD) cause the disease or are a result of disease and/or its treatment with a gluten-free diet (GFD)., Methods: We obtained 167 fecal samples from 141 children (20 with new-onset CD, 45 treated with a GFD, 57 healthy children, and 19 unaffected siblings of children with CD) in Glasgow, Scotland. Samples were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, and diet-related metabolites were measured by gas chromatography. We obtained fecal samples from 13 children with new-onset CD after 6 and 12 months on a GFD. Relationships between microbiota with diet composition, gastrointestinal function, and biomarkers of GFD compliance were explored., Results: Microbiota α diversity did not differ among groups. Microbial dysbiosis was not observed in children with new-onset CD. In contrast, 2.8% (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index, P = .025) and 2.5% (UniFrac distances, P = .027) of the variation in microbiota composition could be explained by the GFD. Between 3% and 5% of all taxa differed among all group comparisons. Eleven distinctive operational taxonomic units composed a microbe signature specific to CD with high diagnostic probability. Most operational taxonomic units that differed between patients on a GFD with new-onset CD vs healthy children were associated with nutrient and food group intake (from 75% to 94%) and with biomarkers of gluten ingestion. Fecal levels of butyrate and ammonia decreased during the GFD., Conclusions: Although several alterations in the intestinal microbiota of children with established CD appear to be effects of a GFD, specific bacteria were found to be distinct biomarkers of CD. Studies are needed to determine whether these bacteria contribute to pathogenesis of CD., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
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9. Infantile acute liver failure in the West of Scotland.

Author

Wands D, Tayler R, Kelly D, Pinto F, Simpson JH, and Hansen R

Subjects
Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Liver Failure, Acute diagnosis, Liver Failure, Acute etiology, Male, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Scotland epidemiology, Survival Rate, Liver Failure, Acute epidemiology
Abstract

Background: Our current understanding regarding the aetiology of infantile acute liver failure largely derives from studies conducted by regional liver units. This may introduce selection bias and therefore not provide a true reflection of the wider population., Methods: Every coagulation screen with a prothrombin time ≥18 s in our centre was examined over one calendar year. All patients less than 1 year of age were included and their electronic records retrospectively reviewed., Results: 24 patients were identified, from 9989 coagulation screens, that fit the current definition of acute liver failure. Hypoxic birth injury and ischaemic events were the most common aetiologies. Survival was 75%., Conclusion: The 'catch-all' methodology employed demonstrated that acute liver failure is more common than previously reported and suggests that current data may exclude large numbers who either have more minor self-resolving disease or conversely have severe disease leading to death prior to transfer., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Published
2020
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10. Extended initial course of prednisolone did not improve clinical outcomes in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.

Author

Wands D and Reynolds BC

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Random Allocation, Recurrence, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, United Kingdom, Drug Resistance, Glucocorticoids therapeutic use, Nephrotic Syndrome diagnosis, Nephrotic Syndrome drug therapy, Pediatrics standards, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Prednisolone therapeutic use
Published
2020
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11. Critical Number of Fields in Stochastic Inflation.

Author

Vennin V, Assadullahi H, Firouzjahi H, Noorbala M, and Wands D

Abstract

Stochastic effects in generic scenarios of inflation with multiple fields are investigated. First passage time techniques are employed to calculate the statistical moments of the number of inflationary e-folds, which give rise to all correlation functions of primordial curvature perturbations through the stochastic δN formalism. The number of fields is a critical parameter. The probability of exploring arbitrarily large-field regions of the potential becomes nonvanishing when more than two fields are driving inflation. The mean number of e-folds can be infinite, depending on the number of fields; for plateau potentials, this occurs even with one field. In such cases, correlation functions of curvature perturbations are infinite. They can, however, be regularized if a reflecting (or absorbing) wall is added at large energy or field value. The results are found to be independent of the exact location of the wall and this procedure is, therefore, well defined for a wide range of cutoffs, above or below the Planck scale. Finally, we show that, contrary to single-field setups, multifield models can yield large stochastic corrections even at sub-Planckian energy, opening interesting prospects for probing quantum effects on cosmological fluctuations.

Published
2017
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12. Indications of a late-time interaction in the dark sector.

Author

Salvatelli V, Said N, Bruni M, Melchiorri A, and Wands D

Abstract

We show that a general late-time interaction between cold dark matter and vacuum energy is favored by current cosmological data sets. We characterize the strength of the coupling by a dimensionless parameter q(V) that is free to take different values in four redshift bins from the primordial epoch up to today. This interacting scenario is in agreement with measurements of cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropies from the Planck satellite, supernovae Ia from Union 2.1 and redshift space distortions from a number of surveys, as well as with combinations of these different data sets. Our analysis of the 4-bin interaction shows that a nonzero interaction is likely at late times. We then focus on the case q(V)≠0 in a single low-redshift bin, obtaining a nested one parameter extension of the standard ΛCDM model. We study the Bayesian evidence, with respect to ΛCDM, of this late-time interaction model, finding moderate evidence for an interaction starting at z=0.9, dependent upon the prior range chosen for the interaction strength parameter q(V). For this case the null interaction (q(V)=0, i.e., ΛCDM) is excluded at 99% C.L.

Published
2014
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13. Singularities in loop quantum cosmology.

Author

Cailleteau T, Cardoso A, Vandersloot K, and Wands D

Abstract

We show that simple scalar field models can give rise to curvature singularities in the effective Friedmann dynamics of loop quantum cosmology (LQC). We find singular solutions for spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmologies with a canonical scalar field and a negative exponential potential, or with a phantom scalar field and a positive potential. While LQC avoids big bang or big rip type singularities, we find sudden singularities where the Hubble rate is bounded, but the Ricci curvature scalar diverges. We conclude that the effective equations of LQC are not in themselves sufficient to avoid the occurrence of curvature singularities.

Published
2008
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14. Correlated perturbations from inflation and the cosmic microwave background.

Author

Amendola L, Gordon C, Wands D, and Sasaki M

Abstract

We compare the latest cosmic microwave background data with theoretical predictions including correlated adiabatic and cold dark matter (CDM) isocurvature perturbations with a simple power-law dependence. We find that there is a degeneracy between the amplitude of correlated isocurvature perturbations and the spectral tilt. A negative (red) tilt is found to be compatible with a larger isocurvature contribution. Estimates of the baryon and CDM densities are found to be almost independent of the isocurvature amplitude. The main result is that current microwave background data do not exclude a dominant contribution from CDM isocurvature fluctuations on large scales.

Published
2002
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15. Conservation laws for collisions of branes and shells in general relativity.

Author

Langlois D, Maeda K, and Wands D

Abstract

We consider the collision of self-gravitating n-branes in a (n+2)-dimensional spacetime. We show that there is a geometrical constraint which can be expressed as a simple sum rule for angles characterizing Lorentz boosts between branes and the intervening spacetime regions. This constraint can then be reinterpreted as either energy or momentum conservation at the collision.

Published
2002
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