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In this paper, the approximate controllability of a second order delayed semilinear stochastic system with nonlocal conditions has been discussed. The control function for this system has been established with the help of infinite dimensional controllability operator. Using this control function, the sufficient conditions for the approximate controllability of the proposed system have been obtained using Sadovskii's Fixed Point theorem.

The effects of regular feeding ofPyrus malus whole fruit and its juice on total serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids have been studied in normal albino rabbits.

In this paper, we establish some results to show the existence and uniqueness of classical solution of the non-autonomous second-order integrodifferential equation of the type: \begin{eqnarray*} u''(t) & = & A(t)\;[u(t)+\int_0 ^{t} k_{1}(t,s)u(s)ds]'+B(t)\;[u(t)+\int_0 ^{t} k_{2}(t,s)u(s)ds]\\ & & +f(t),\; 0\leq t \leq T, \\ u(0) & = & u_{0} \in E,\quad u'(0)=u_{1} \in E, \end{eqnarray*} on a Banach space $E$, by means of the matrix operator method.

The study was conducted in 35 cases of acute tubular necrosis of varied aetiology. Cases were divided in 2 groups, Group A--17 cases treated conservatively and Group B--18 cases managed by early haemodialysis. Criteria for early haemodialysis were blood urea120 mg% and serum creatinine7 mg%. Before starting therapy both the groups had comparable biochemical and renal parameters (p0.05). Overall mortality was lower in Group B as compared to Group A (22.2% Vs 29.4). Complication events such as uraemic encephalopathy, pulmonary oedema, haematemesis and malena, thrombophlebitis and vomiting were significantly lower in Group B (p0.05). Hospital stay was also significantly lower (p0.05) in Group B (18 +/- 2.5 days Vs 28 +/- 3 days), this can reduce the cost of treatment also.

Administration of fresh leaves of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) mixed as 1 g and 2 g in 100 gms of diet given for four weeks, brought about significant changes in the lipid profile of normal albino rabbits. This resulted in significant lowering in serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and LDL-cholesterol levels and significant increase in the HDL-cholesterol and total faecal sterol contents.

A total of 300 male cases of myocardial infarction were analyzed to evaluate the effect of myocardial infarction on sexual activity with particular stress on resumption of sexual activity and to determine the factors in cases of delayed resumption. Sexual activity decreased with age and correlated negatively to total sexual activity. 26 per cent cases developed one or other symptoms which occurred during all the phases of sexual activity but were more marked during resolution phase. Sexual activity returned to normal within six months only in 11.33 per cent cases and in the remaining cases resumption was delayed. In 27.8 per cent cases phobia of marked exertion involved in sex act, created by physicians in 12.7 per cent was the factor responsible for the delayed resumption. Quality of sexual activity decreased in 39 per cent cases and it was due to change in position from Male on top to male on bottom position in 31 per cent cases. Counselling for sexual rehabilitation has been discussed.

Serum copper estimations were carried out in 44 cases of acute myocardial infarction, 23 cases of angina and 40 age and sex matched healthy controls. A highly significant degree of rise in serum copper levels was observed in patients with acute myocardial infarction as compared to cases of angina and controls. The levels showed a gradual rise with peak on 7th day followed by a gradual decline returning to normal on 28th day. The pattern was the same both in complicated and uncomplicated cases except that values were still higher on the 28th day in complicated cases of acute myocardial infarction. Mean peak serum copper levels were significantly higher (p < .001) in com plicated cases of acute myocardial infarction as compared to uncomplicated cases. Significant correlation was found between serial serum copper changes and creatinine phosphokinase and lactic dehydrogenase levels. The prognostic and diagnostic significance of serum copper has been dis cussed.

Abortion has become a popular method of prevention of unwanted births in India since the passage in 1972 of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act. About 6 million procedures are performed each year. Of concern, however, is the failure on the part of many of these abortion patients to begin contraceptive use after pregnancy termination. To determine the extent of this problem and its sociodemographic correlates, an analysis was performed of the records of the 1482 abortion patients at an Agra hospital in 1976-85. Overall, contraceptive coverage after abortion was 53%; however, this rate fluctuated from 82% in 1976-77 to 15% in 1980-81 to a high of 90% in 1984-85. The methods most often selected by these women were tubectomy (25%), Nirodh (14%), oral contraceptives (8), and the IUD (6%). Contraceptive coverage was significantly higher in the final quarter of each year, presumably as a result of the efforts of family planning personnel to meet annual targets. Contraceptive coverage after abortion showed significant, positive associations with maternal age (39% in the 15-19-year age group versus 59% among those 30-34 years old), maternal education (41% among illiterate women compared to 62% among women with a high school education), and parity (18% among women of parity versus 45% among those of parity 1 and 62% among those to parity 4). Urban women were somewhat more likely to become contraceptive acceptors after abortion; however, tubectomy acceptance was highest among older rural women. These findings suggest that young, uneducated women should be targeted for counseling about the importance of contraceptive use after the termination of an unplanned pregnancy to avoid the need for repeat abortion.

Two hundred and eight alive newborns examined within 2 hours of birth showed 37.50% incidence of retinal hemorrhage (RH). Out of these, 38.59% were full term and 29.17% were preterm. Head circumference had a significant correlation (p less than 0.05) with retinal hemorrhage, while sex of the newborn, birth weight, gestational age and fetal distress showed no significant correlation. Birth injuries especially ocular and periocular injuries showed a significantly higher incidence of retinal hemorrhage (83.33%).

In this study of 450 married women in the rural part of Agra district, India, the effect of various factors on the open birth interval is explored. Factors considered include age, parity, lactation, and amenorrhea. The results indicate that fertility is strongly and significantly correlated with the period of lactation in comparison with the other factors considered.

Data from 540 couples randomly selected from Primary Health Centre villages are analyzed. Marital fertility rate was found to be 226.94 per thousand married women of reproductive age. Marked variations were observed among various groups within the population. Marital fertility was higher for Moslems than Hindus, and for nuclear than for joint families. Illiteracy was positively associated with higher marital fertility, as were low income and laboring occupations. Among age groups, women aged 25-29 had the highest marital fertility rates.

Urinary aspartate-transaminase activity in the whole urine was found to be mean +/- S.D. = 8.46 +/- 0.69 l.U/l when measured immediately after urine collection. About 50% loss in enzyme activity was observed after 18 hours dialysis. An overall 176% increase in enzyme activity followed by Sephadex G-25 (fine) whole urine fractionation and a highly significant (P less than .001) partial inhibition by earlier Sephadex fractions and maximum inhibition by earlier Sephadex fractions and maximum inhibition of enzyme by fraction 7 have suggested the presence of both high and low molecular weight urinary inhibitors of aspartate-transaminase. Urea and ammonia presence and inhibitor activity in fraction 6 to 8 bear a close parallelism; both the substances produced 31% inhibition of partially purified goat liver GOT at concentrations approximating normal human urine. Therefore, low enzyme activity and its substantial loss in the whole urine and during dialysis may be due to the concomitant inhibitory effects of urea, ammonia and unidentified nature of high molecular weight substance(s). The present method may be effective in separating inhibitors and overcoming the disadvantages of dialysis in determining true urinary aspartate-transaminase activity.

Clinico-bacteriological profile of 106 leprosy patients below 15 years of age was studied. Majority of the patients were males and fell in the 10-15 years age group (p less than 0.01). Nearly 89% had not received any prior treatment because of financial constraints. Seventy per cent gave a positive history of contact with adult patients who were mainly of the lepromatous variety (p less than 0.01). Skin lesions were present in 103 cases, mainly on the exposed areas and their number was found to increase significantly with advancing age (p less than 0.01). These lesions were hypopigmented patches in 71% of the children and erythematous in the rest. Cutaneous sensations were affected in most of the patients while nerve thickening was observed in 45. Positivity of the skin smears increased significantly as the number of skin lesions per patient increased (p less than 0.05). With advancing age, the disease moved from the tuberculoid end of the spectrum towards the lepromatous end (p less than 0.01).

183 students of 17-22 years age group were studied in respect of fluid intake, urine output and urine titratable acidity under normal conditions for two consecutive days. The study was performed in early winter in eastern part of U.P. Male students were observed to have higher fluid intake and urine output as compared to female. Average fluid intake and urinary output in male students were observed to be 2860 S.D. +/- 780 ml and 1860 S.D. +/- 880 ml respectively while corresponding readings for female students were 1980 S.D. +/- 390 ml and 1550 S.D. +/- 840 ml. Titratable acidity was observed to be high with a mean of 47.46 meg S.D. +/- 16.2 meq as compared to commonly accepted average range of 25-35 meq. Nonvegetarian subjects were found to have significnatly higher titratable acidity. Fluid intake and urine output did not have any significant effect on titratable acidity of urine in both the sexes. Need for further studies on this subject has been stressed.

Contraceptive coverage among women who have undergone medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) is poor in Uttar Pradesh as compared to other parts of India, where the abortion rate is very high. This study involved all 946 cases of MTP admitted to S.N. Medical College and Hospital Agra during 1976-77 and 1980-81. Overall coverage by any method after MTP was shown to be 48.7% (slightly higher among urban women). Tubectomy and condom were the most widely accepted methods (both about 35%). Direct acceptors--those who accepted a method while still in the hospital after the abortion procedure--accounted for the largest number of acceptors. Only 3.3% were "indirect acceptors"--those who accepted after 3 months following the pregnancy termination. The largest acceptance of tubectomy was among women with 3 children. Those above or below parity 3 probably were using MTP as a substitute for contraception.

Semen analysis of 66 unmarried medical students in the age group of 17-21 years was carried out. A higher liquefaction time pH, motility, lower sperm count and abnormal forms were observed compared to reported values. Liquefaction time, pH and sperm count was found significantly different in non-vegetarians and vegetarians, perhaps due to difference in their dietary proteins.

This study was designed to identify biosocial factors that contribute to India's high dropout rate for completion of the oral polio vaccine series. The study sample included the 2027 children registered in 1983-84 at an immunization clinic in Agra. At the time of the 1st dose, parents were educated about the importance of completing the series. 683 of the children were not returned for the 3rd dose, for a dropout rate of 33.7%. The majority of dropouts (42.6%) were clustered in the 3-6 month age group. There was a higher but nonsignificant dropout rate in females (35.4%) than in males (32.6%). The dropout rate was lowest among children of birth order 1 (23.2%) and highest in birth order 5 (72.1%). There was a statistically significant association between dropout rates and maternal occupational status; only 3.8% of children whose mothers were engaged in service occupations failed to complete the immunization series compared with 34.6% of those whose mothers were housewives. In addition, there was a significant association with paternal occupation. The maximum number of dropouts was noted among children whose fathers were laborers (51.2%) and the lowest rate was found among children of men in service occupations (23.6%). Finally, there was a significant inverse relationship between parental education and dropout rates. This relationship was most pronounced for maternal educational status. The dropout rate was only 5% in children whose mothers were educated at the high school level and above compared with 14% in children whose father's education was at this level.