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Peanut production is growing annually in Brazil, but with frequent droughts throughout the country, it is necessary to identify an earliness germplasm for the improved environmental adaptation of peanuts. Here, a mini-core collection of peanuts was studied to select germplasms for further use in breeding, with a focus on dry environments. Twelve agronomic traits were adopted and later used in multivariate methods based on hierarchical models (UPGMA) and graphical dispersion (canonical variables), which aimed to identify earliness accession clusters. Statistically significant differences were found for most traits, indicating that there was genetic variability among accessions. Multivariate analyses subsequently revealed coherence in the formation of three clusters, one of which (G3: PI-268-689 and AHK-85-3) combined the most promising accessions for pod production and reproductive efficiency, previously identified through analysis of variance. Therefore, both germplasms are recommended here for use in future breeding studies focused on water-restricted environments.

Thrips (Thysanoptera) are dispersed in all regions of the world, but with higher frequency in tropical regions (Kerns et al., 2019). More than half of the species of this order are phytophagous feeding on only one or a few plant species although some are polyphagous. Approximately 6,300 species of Thysanoptera are known worldwide, of which about 130 are pests (Thrips Wiki, 2022; Mound et al., 2022). Some groups of thrips feed preferentially on flowers, while others prefer exclusively leaves, but pollen, fruits and young shoots can also be food sources for these insects (Mound et al., 2022). Thrips are important for the agriculture due to direct and indirect damage, including virus transmission (Monteiro et al., 1998). In addition, they feed on different species of cultivated plants and weeds, many of them found in the cotton production environment (Cook et al., 2011). Thrips are commonly found at the early stages of cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.) feeding on the epidermal cells of the leaf mesophyll (Kaur et al., 2018; Nadeem et al., 2022). Intensive feeding by thrips causes terminal malformation in cotton seedlings, abnormal growth and, in extreme cases, death of the growing bud, leading to loss of apical dominance (Kerns et al., 2019). In Brazil, Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is the main thrips species recorded and damaging cotton plants in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Pernambuco and São Paulo, although Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood) and other species of Frankliniella spp. are also found in lowers numbers on this plant (Monteiro et al., 1998). In April 2022, a severe infestation by a thrips species was observed on cotton plants, BRS 368 RF, with 85 days old, grown in 30 pots with a capacity of 5 L each one in a screened greenhouse at the Embrapa Algodão, municipality de Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil (7°13?35? S, 35°54?21? W). The number of individuals and aggregations of this thrips per plant, individuals per aggregations and the proportion of adults and immature stages on ten cotton plants were evaluated on all leaves of each plant. Adults of the thrips were collected from the leaves, transferred to glass vials containing 70% alcohol and identified (Mound and Marullo, 1996). The thrips was identified as Retithrips syriacus Mayet (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) based on specimens deposited in the reference collection of the Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-20T16:05:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RETITHRIPS-SYRIACUS-MAYET-THYSANOPTERA-5.pdf: 1723721 bytes, checksum: eb7247c1daca8b2af355db8286f55fb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Avaliar se existe correlação entre maturação esquelética e maturação dentária em crianças brasileiras. Material e métodos: A amostra foi composta por 37 documentações ortodônticas de pacientes que iniciaram o tratamento ortodôntico para correção da maloclusão classe II na Universidade Positivo. Incluíram-se no estudo documentações de pacientes com idade variando de 10 a 16 anos e de ambos os sexos. Excluíram-se documentações de pacientes com alterações sistêmicas, histórico de traumatismos na região da face, fissuras labiopalatinas e agenesias dentárias. O método de avaliação da maturação mão-punho e o método de avaliação da maturação vertebral cervical serviram para análise da maturação esquelética. Os métodos de avaliação dos estágios de desenvolvimento dentário de Demirjian e Hofmann foram utilizados para avaliação da maturação dentária e o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, para determinar a força de correlação entre as variáveis. O nível de significância usado foi de 5%. Resultados: A idade cronológica demonstrou correlação moderada com o método de avaliação da maturação esquelética de mão-punho, o método de avaliação da maturação esquelética vertebral cervical e a maturação dentária (r = 0,525, p = 0,003; r = 0,450, p = 0,014; r = 0,564, p = 0,004 e r = 0,436, p = 0,011, respectivamente). O método de avaliação da maturação mão-punho evidenciou correlação forte com o método de avaliação da maturação vertebral cervical (r = 0,864, p

Complete correction of Class II malocclusion in an adult patient is not an easy task. In a case with large skeletal discrepancy, orthognathic surgery is the treatment of choice. However, in case of slight or borderline discrepancy, other treatment options are available, such as tooth extractions and miniscrews. Intermediate cases can also be treated with Class II correctors and elastics. This clinical report presents the orthodontic treatment of a 25-year-old female patient with Class II malocclusion. Clinically, the maxilla was well positioned, and the mandible was slightly retruded. The patient presented vestibularized upper incisors, well-positioned lower incisors and opted for a more aesthetically attractive orthodontic appliance. The treatment plan included teeth leveling and aligning in both arches, Class II correction, establishment of Class I molar and canine relationships, correction of overjet and overbite, midline correction, and improvement of facial and dental aesthetics. The orthodontic treatment consisted of removable Invisalign aligners and Class II elastics.

We study the polaron formation and its mobility in a one-dimensional molecular crystal subjected to superposed static and harmonic electric fields. Such molecular chain exhibits intermolecular vibrational degrees of freedom, which makes the carrier-lattice interaction an important parameter of the system. By exploring field settings in which the preferential transport occurs, we show the existence of different small polaron formations, including those that travel close to the sound velocity or that are stationary by self-trapping. Electric fields magnitudes and carrier-lattice coupling have also been analyzed, which allowed to show a phase diagram that describes the existing regimes. In addition to thresholds between the mobile and stationary polaron regimes, this phase diagram unveils an unusual aspect: a metastable polaron formation.

Since its introduction in 2014, the PowerScope device has undergone some modifications to improve and facilitate its clinical use. This article describes the latest innovation in the device, which consists of an alternative attachment nut. With this new nut, the concept changes a little because we are going to install the nut outside the patient’s mouth and not directly in his mouth as we did with the first two generations of the nut. The alternative attachment nut is another option for using the PowerScope. It is up to the orthodontist to decide which option best fits his way of working: continue with nut 2 (from 2015); use the alternative nut on the upper and lower arches; Use alternate nut on the upper arch and nut 2 on the lower arch.

Objetivo: Analisar a mortalidade por Sífilis Congênita durante o período de 2010 a 2022. Métodos: Revisão Sistemática sem metanálise a partir Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Foi realizada a busca dos artigos nas bases de literatura mais pujantes, sejam: National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Web of Science, Lilacs e Periódicos Capes, através dos descritores Syphilis AND Congenital AND Mortality AND Sexually Transmitted Diseases, utilizando os critérios: (1) estudos que envolveram neonatos e gestantes; (2) estudos que teve como objeto de estudo sífilis congênita; (3) artigos que estudaram mortalidade, e; (4) artigos publicados nos últimos 12 anos. Resultados: Dos 1.395 artigos encontrados, 20 completaram os critérios rigorosos de inclusão. A falta da assistência ao pré-natal é o principal preditor de mortalidade por sífilis congênita, por ser o período em que é feito o rastreamento, diagnóstico e orientação que a gestante deve receber sobre o tratamento adequado, e as possíveis complicações da não adesão. Conclusão: A mortalidade por sífilis congênita em neonatos aumentou nos últimos anos, principalmente por falta de assistência pré-natal. Portanto cabe aos gestores de saúde definir a sífilis como prioridade nas políticas públicas, conscientizando as gestantes quanto a importância do acompanhamento pré-natal para reduzir as taxas de mortalidade por sífilis congênita.

Ankylosed teeth may have a significant esthetic and functional impact especially at the anterior segment of the upper arch. Treatment of ankylosed teeth is challenging. The objective of this case report is to describe a clinical case in which an ankylosed tooth was treated with the use of osteogenic distraction associated with simplified orthodontic biomechanics. A 17-year-old female Caucasian patient presented with a Class II malocclusion, severe maxillary dental crowding, moderate mandibular dental crowding, anterior open bite, upper midline deviation to the right, and upper right central incisor in infraocclusion due to ankylosis. Treatment involved the use of the ankylosed tooth as anchorage for the distalization of the right upper segment to correct the Class II malocclusion and to create space prior to surgery. After one week of surgical osteotomy, traction of the tooth and bone segment was initiated with the use of intermaxillary elastics. The ankylosed tooth was moved to the desired position. Bone formation and mucogingival tissue adaptation were observed. Thus, esthetic and functional improvement was achieved. Osteogenic distraction associated with simplified orthodontic biomechanics is an alternative to the treatment of ankylosed teeth which can replace the use of distractor screws, making treatment simpler and more accessible.

We study the formation of magnon-polaron excitations and the consequences of different time scales between the magnon and lattice dynamics. The spin-spin interactions along the 1D lattice are ruled by a Heisenberg Hamiltonian in the anisotropic form XXZ, in which each spin exhibits a vibrational degree of freedom around its equilibrium position. By considering a magnetoelastic coupling as a linear function of the relative displacement between nearest-neighbor spins, results provide an original framework for achieving a hybridized state of magnon-polaron. Such state is characterized by high cooperation between the underlying excitations, where the traveling or stationary formation of magnon-polaron depends on the effective magnetoelastic coupling. A systematic investigation reveals the critical amount of the magnon-lattice interaction ($\chi_c$) necessary to emergence of the stationary magnon-polaron quasi-particle. Different characteristic time scales of the magnon and the vibrational dynamics unveiled the threshold between the two regimes, as well as a limiting value of critical magnetoelastic interaction, above which the magnon velocity no longer interferes at the critical magnetoelastic coupling capable of inducing the stationary regime., Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures

The utilization of biobased materials for the fabrication of naturally derived ion-exchange membranes is breezing a path to sustainable separators for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). In this investigation, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC, a bacterial polysaccharide) and lignosulfonates (LS, a by-product of the sulfite pulping process), were blended by diffusion of an aqueous solution of the lignin derivative and of the natural-based cross-linker tannic acid into the wet BNC nanofibrous three-dimensional structure, to produce fully biobased ion-exchange membranes. These freestanding separators exhibited good thermal-oxidative stability of up to about 200 &deg, C, in both inert and oxidative atmospheres (N2 and O2, respectively), high mechanical properties with a maximum Young&rsquo, s modulus of around 8.2 GPa, as well as good moisture-uptake capacity with a maximum value of ca. 78% after 48 h for the membrane with the higher LS content. Moreover, the combination of the conducting LS with the mechanically robust BNC conveyed ionic conductivity to the membranes, namely a maximum of 23 mS cm&minus, 1 at 94 &deg, C and 98% relative humidity (RH) (in-plane configuration), that increased with increasing RH. Hence, these robust water-mediated ion conductors represent an environmentally friendly alternative to the conventional ion-exchange membranes for application in PEFCs.

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified an error in the affiliation list. The affiliation of author G. Walter Canonica should have been split up into two affiliations: • Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy – Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCS, Rozzano (MI), Italy • Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy The corrected affiliation list is reflected in this Correction. © 2020, The Author(s).

The high boron (B) content in desalinated seawater is a concern for crop development. However, in spite of the importance of the soil microbial community in soil fertility, the below-ground impacts of B are still unknown. Here, in a soil-ryegrass model system, the activity, biomass and diversity of the soil microbial community were evaluated in response to irrigation with: i) 0.3 mg B L−1; ii) 1 mg B L−1; and iii) 50 mg B L−1. We assessed two different compounds of boron: boric acid (H3BO3) and disodium tetraborate decahydrate (Na2B4O7·10H2O). Overall, the 1 mg B L−1 dose was identified as the threshold limit that did not irreversibly harm soil sustainability. In contrast, the highest B dose had a noticeable impact on the nitrogen (N) cycle of the soil, as demonstrated by an increase in the water-soluble N content and a decrease in urease activity. Analysis of the phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) revealed that the effect of B on the soil microbial biomass was dependent on the chemical form used. High B doses reduced soil microbial respiration and influenced the composition of the bacterial and fungal communities, with fungal diversity being diminished, as revealed by sequencing approaches.

Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a robust technology for comparing the expression profiles of target genes, however the data produced need normalization with appropriate reference genes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression stability of eight candidate reference genes (EF1A 1a1, EF1A 2a, EF1A 2b, EF1B, ACT11, UKN 1, ACT and SKIP 16) for qPCR assays in soybean leaves under fungus (Cercospora kikuchii) infection and treatments with salicylic and jasmonic acids. Four programs, GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder were used to evaluate the expression stability. The leaves were treated according the following conditions: 1) infected with Cercospora kikuchii (CK); (2) treated with salicylic acid (SA); (3) treated with SA and infected with C. kikuchii; (4) treated with jasmonic acid (JA); and (5) treated with JA and infected with C. kikuchii. For all studied conditions, GeNorm analyses revealed that combinations of six genes were always needed for gene expression normalization. Three EF1A genes (EF1A 2a, EF1A 1a1 and EF1A 2b) were the most stable in all tested conditions and then, they were always included in gene combinations. The other three genes varied according the different conditions. In analyses with other programs, at least two EF1A genes were often ranked among the three best stable genes. The expression of a PR3 (class I chitinase) gene was used to validate the reference genes across the total samples. Our results provide a shortlist of reference genes to normalize qPCR assays in soybean under CK infection and treatments with SA and JA.

We study the dynamics of one-magnon states coupled to the underlying harmonic oscillations of a linear lattice. We consider that small amplitude oscillations affect linearly the exchange couplings. Within an adiabatic approximation, the magnon dynamics is governed by an effective modified nonlinear Schrodinger equation. We provide a detailed numerical study of the magnon self-trapping transition. We accurately determine the critical nonlinearity χ c above which a finite fraction of an initially localized spin excitation remains trapped. To this end, we analyze relevant quantities such as the return probability, participation number and Shannon entropy. We also follow the soliton dynamics showing that its velocity vanishes as v ∝ ( χ c - χ ) 1 / 2 . The return probability is shown to be discontinuous at χ c while the participation number displays a kink singularity.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Herbst appliance on the proclination and protrusion of the lower incisors, and to verify if the device causes alveolar bone loss in the anterior region of the mandible. This is a retrospective study. The sample consisted of 35 individuals. The treatment group consisted of 22 individuals (8 girls and 14 boys; initial mean age of 8.2 years) who used the Cantilever Herbst appliance for a period of 12 months. The control group consisted of 13 individuals (3 girls and 10 boys; initial mean age of 8.9 years) who received no treatment and were followed up for a period of approximately 18 months. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were performed at the beginning and at the end of the observational period. The medullary bone thickness (MT), buccal cortical bone thickness (BCT), lingual cortical bone thickness (LCT), and lower incisors proclination and protrusion were evaluated. Data were submitted to statistical analysis (ANCOVA and Student’s t-test) with a significance level of 5%. There was no significant difference in MT, BCT, LCT and incisor proclination between groups. Incisor proclination increased in the treated group with no statistical significance. The treatment group showed a significant increase in the protrusion of the incisors (p = 0.02). The Herbst appliance promoted a small proclination and protrusion of the lower incisors, without relevant clinical implications. The Herbst appliance did not cause bone loss in the anterior region of the mandible during Class II treatment.

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of the phytochemicals thymol, linalool, and citronellol against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus oralis. Disk diffusion screening on solid medium and measurement of the diameter of the bacterial growth inhibition halos was the technique utilized. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the substances was determined using serial substance dilutions and microdilution technique in Brain Heart Infusion culture medium. After incubation for 24 hours in an oven at 37 °C, plate reading was completed and confirmed by visual method using 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride dye. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was determined from MIC subcultures. Assays were performed in triplicate, and chlorhexidine was used as a positive control. The diameters in mm of the growth inhibition halos ranged between 7.3 and 10.7 for S. mutans, 7.3 and 10.0 for S. oralis, and 8.2 and 9.8 for S. salivarius. The MIC and MBC values obtained converged, ranging from maximum values in the presence of Linalool (1,250.0 mg/mL, 2,500.0 mg/mL and 2,500.0 mg/mL, respectively, for S. mutans, S. oralis, and S. salivarius); and minimum values with Thymol (312.5 μg/ml, 156.2 μg/mL and 156.2 μg/ml, respectively for S. mutans, S. oralis, and S. salivarius). All the tested phytochemicals displayed antibacterial activity, thus representing substances with potential applications in preventing tooth decay. Resumo Este estudo objetivou avaliar a atividade antibacteriana in vitro dos fitoquímicos timol, linalol e citronelol sobre Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivaris e Streptococcus oralis. Utilizou-se a técnica de discos de difusão em meio sólido e medição do diâmetro dos halos de inibição. A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) das substâncias foi determinada utilizando diluições em série das substâncias e técnica de microdiluição em meio de cultura de Brain Heart Infusion. Após incubação durante 24 horas em estufa a 37 °C, a leitura da placa foi confirmada pelo método visual usando o corante 2,3,5 trifenil cloreto de tetrazólio. A concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) foi determinada a partir de subculturas de MIC. Os ensaios foram realizados em triplicata, e clorexidina foi usada como um controle positivo. Os diâmetros dos halos de inibição do crescimento variaram entre 7,3 e 10,7 por S. mutans, 7,3 e 10,0 por S. oralis, e 8,2 e 9,8 para S. salivaris. Os valores de CIM e CBM obtidos variaram de valores máximos na presença de linalol (1.250,0 mg/mL, 2.500.0 mg/mL e 2.500.0 mg/mL, respectivamente, para o S. mutans, S oralis e S. salivaris); a valores mínimos com timol (312,5 μg/ml, 156,2 μg/mL e 156,2 μg/ml, respectivamente para S. mutans, S. oralis e S. salivaris). Todos os fitoquímicos testados apresentaram atividade antibacteriana, representando, assim, substâncias com potencial de aplicações na prevenção da cárie dentária.

The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is currently a major threat to coffee crops around the world. Although some studies have identified host-derived volatile organic compounds as attractant semiochemicals for H. hampei, the chemical composition reported in the literature is quite variable and different individual compounds have been proposed to be attractive. Despite this variability, it seems likely that H. hampei utilizes complex volatile blends to locate suitable berry hosts for oviposition. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of constitutive and H. hampei-infested volatiles, emitted by mature green berries of a Brazilian variety of coffee, Coffea arabica (IBC-Palma), on the foraging behaviour of H. hampei females. Chemical analysis of volatiles from mature green coffee berries showed a similar chemical profile compared to previous studies. The major compounds were limonene, (E)-ocimene, conophthorin, (E)- and (Z)-linalool oxide, linalool, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, methyl salicylate, geranylacetone, β-acoradiene, α-acoradiene, (E,E)-α-farnesene, (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene and α-pinene. The compounds (E,E)-α-farnesene, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene, (E)-ocimene, α-copaene and conophthorin were produced in higher amounts in infested berries compared to non-infested berries. Four-arm olfactometer bioassays showed that H. hampei did not distinguish between volatiles emitted from mature green, mid-ripe and ripe coffee berries. In addition, Y-tube olfactometer bioassays showed that females responded to volatiles from non-infested and infested mature green berries, preferring constitutive over herbivore-induced volatiles. Furthermore, (E,E)-α-farnesene, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene changed the foraging behaviour of H. hampei, by reducing the attractiveness of volatiles from non-infested berries.