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The number of civilian, commercial and military applications are dependant on accurate knowledge of bathymetry of coastal regions. Conventionally, hydrographic surveying methods are used for bathymetric surveys carried by ship-based acoustic systems, but needs high-cost resources. Space technology has provided a cost-effective alternate means for charting near shore and inaccessible waters. The optical satellite data have capabilities to offer alternate solution in near-shore region, which has been researched for past 50 years, using evolving algorithms to estimate Satellite Derived Bathymetry (SDB). However, there is no agreement on use of terms like approach, model, method and techniques, which have been used varyingly and interchangeably as per context of SDB research. This paper suggests a classification scheme for SDB algorithms which is also applicable to other Marine Remote Sensing studies.In this paper, based on literature available on SDB for the past five decades, an insight on SDB classification has been offered grounded in research philosophy. The SDB approaches, models, methods and techniques have been elaborated with chronological development, along with SDB studies based on them, their accuracy and errors in SDB retrieval. We have suggested a matrix of prerequisite satellite data, in-situ data resolution, methods and algorithms of SDB based on level of accuracy needs to be achieved, which will guide future researchers to select one as per their context of research.

We demonstrate optical cycling and laser cooling of a cryogenic buffer-gas beam of calcium monohydride (CaH) molecules. We measure vibrational branching ratios for laser cooling transitions for both excited electronic states A and B . Furthermore, we measure that repeated photon scattering via the A ← X transition is achievable at a rate of $\sim 1.6\times 1{0}^{6}$ photons s ^−1 and demonstrate interaction-time limited scattering of $\sim 200$ photons by repumping the largest vibrational decay channel. We also demonstrate a sub-Doppler cooling technique, namely the magnetically assisted Sisyphus effect, and use it to cool the transverse temperature of a molecular beam of CaH. Using a standing wave of light, we lower the transverse temperature from 12.2(1.2) mK to 5.7(1.1) mK. We compare these results to a model that uses optical Bloch equations and Monte Carlo simulations of the molecular beam trajectories. This work establishes a clear pathway for creating a magneto-optical trap (MOT) of CaH molecules. Such a MOT could serve as a starting point for production of ultracold hydrogen gas via dissociation of a trapped CaH cloud.

Abstract Mutations reducing the function of MYT1L, a neuron-specific transcription factor, are associated with a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder. MYT1L is used as a pro-neural factor in fibroblast-to-neuron transdifferentiation and is hypothesized to influence neuronal specification and maturation, but it is not clear which neuron types are most impacted by MYT1L loss. In this study, we profile 412,132 nuclei from the forebrains of wild-type and MYT1L-deficient mice at three developmental stages: E14 at the peak of neurogenesis, P1 when cortical neurons have been born, and P21 when neurons are maturing, to examine the role of MYT1L levels on neuronal development. MYT1L deficiency disrupts cortical neuron proportions and gene expression, primarily affecting neuronal maturation programs. Effects are mostly cell autonomous and persistent through development. While MYT1L can both activate and repress gene expression, the repressive effects are most sensitive to haploinsufficiency, likely mediating MYT1L syndrome. These findings illuminate MYT1L’s role in orchestrating gene expression during neuronal development, providing insights into the molecular underpinnings of MYT1L syndrome.

Raft-Seq is a generalizable pooled screening platform that combines high-content imaging, machine learning and microraft isolation, and enables efficient screening of genetic perturbations based on their impact on phenotypes.

Abstract Background Klebsiella pneumoniae strains have been divided into two major categories: classical K. pneumoniae, which are frequently multidrug-resistant and cause hospital-acquired infections in patients with impaired defenses, and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae, which cause severe community-acquired and disseminated infections in normal hosts. Both types of infections may lead to bacteremia and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The relative burden of these two types of K. pneumoniae among bloodstream isolates within the United States is not well understood. Methods We evaluated consecutive K. pneumoniae isolates cultured from the blood of hospitalized patients at Northwestern Memorial Hospital (NMH) in Chicago, Illinois between April 2015 and April 2017. Bloodstream isolates underwent whole genome sequencing, and sequence types (STs), capsule loci (KLs), virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance genes were identified in the genomes using the bioinformatic tools Kleborate and Kaptive. Patient demographic, comorbidity, and infection information, as well as the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of the isolates were extracted from the electronic health record. Candidate hypervirulent isolates were tested in a murine model of pneumonia, and their plasmids were characterized using long-read sequencing. We also extracted STs, KLs, and virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes from the genomes of bloodstream isolates submitted from 33 United States institutions between 2007 and 2021 to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Results Consecutive K. pneumoniae bloodstream isolates (n = 104, one per patient) from NMH consisted of 75 distinct STs and 51 unique capsule loci. The majority of these isolates (n = 58, 55.8%) were susceptible to all tested antibiotics except ampicillin, but 17 (16.3%) were multidrug-resistant. A total of 32 (30.8%) of these isolates were STs of known high-risk clones, including ST258 and ST45. In particular, 18 (17.3%) were resistant to ceftriaxone (of which 17 harbored extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes) and 9 (8.7%) were resistant to meropenem (all of which harbored a carbapenemase genes). Four (3.8%) of the 104 isolates were hypervirulent K. pneumoniae, as evidenced by hypermucoviscous phenotypes, high levels of virulence in a murine model of pneumonia, and the presence of large plasmids similar to characterized hypervirulence plasmids. These isolates were cultured from patients who had not recently traveled to Asia. Two of these hypervirulent isolates belonged to the well characterized ST23 lineage and one to the re-emerging ST66 lineage. Of particular concern, two of these isolates contained plasmids with tra conjugation loci suggesting the potential for transmission. We also analyzed 963 publicly available genomes of K. pneumoniae bloodstream isolates from locations within the United States. Of these, 465 (48.3%) and 760 (78.9%) contained extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes or carbapenemase genes, respectively, suggesting a bias towards submission of antibiotic-resistant isolates. The known multidrug-resistant high-risk clones ST258 and ST307 were the predominant sequence types. A total of 32 (3.3%) of these isolates contained aerobactin biosynthesis genes and 26 (2.7%) contained at least two genetic features of hvKP strains, suggesting elevated levels of virulence. We identified 6 (0.6%) isolates that were STs associated with hvKP: ST23 (n = 4), ST380 (n = 1), and ST65 (n = 1). Conclusions Examination of consecutive isolates from a single center demonstrated that multidrug-resistant high-risk clones are indeed common, but a small number of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae isolates were also observed in patients with no recent travel history to Asia, suggesting that these isolates are undergoing community spread in the United States. A larger collection of publicly available bloodstream isolate genomes also suggested that hypervirulent K. pneumoniae strains are present but rare in the USA; however, this collection appears to be heavily biased towards highly antibiotic-resistant isolates (and correspondingly away from hypervirulent isolates).

In view of the vital significance of water resources and issues emerging from their temporal and spatial distribution and utilization posing serious problems to the land resources and to the society United Nations has identified sustainable management of water resources (SDG 6) as one of the seventeen major Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this perspective, the purpose of the study is to identify the groundwater potential zones in the hard rock terrain of Betul-Chhindwara Region, Madhya Pradesh, India, using AHP technique. The study area comprises the sub-watersheds of Tawa river (Narmada basin), Tapi river (Tapi basin), Kanhan and Pench rivers (Godavari basin). Various thematic layers such as geomorphology, geology, physiography, rainfall, soil, slope, lineament, drainage density, groundwater depth, and land use/ land cover were developed. The analytical hierarchy process helps to delineate groundwater prospect zones, which are categorized into five classes, i.e. very poor, poor, moderate, good, and very good based on objective, criteria, and preference. The good, moderate, and poor groundwater potential zones cover 4815 sq. km., 6423 sq. km, and 4857 sq. km, respectively, comprising 22.46%, 29.96%, and 22.65% of the entire region under study. The result indicates that 15.22% of the area comprising 3262.10 sq. km have very good groundwater potential whereas 9.71% (2080 sq. km) has very poor groundwater potential. The obtained result has been verified through field check based on the yield data collected from 16 bore wells in the study area. The accuracy of the results was 75% that proves the efficiency of the adopted techniques. Thus, this study will be efficient for the sustainable development and management of groundwater in the study area.

Vitiligo is a frequent acquired pigmentation disease which, although rarely, can be present at birth, as in the current case, observed by us at the age of 8 with stable vitiligo, white forelock and poliosis of the eyelashes. The case was presented to discuss the difficulties encountered in excluding various syndromic associations and management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combined frequency and polarization reconfigurable textile based wearable disc monopole antenna is proposed in this paper. The antenna consists of a disc monopole as the radiator and four PIN diodes for realizing the agility property. By varying the different switching combination of the PIN diodes, frequency reconfigurability is achieved between the GSM and ISM band. Two circular polarization states, right hand circular polarization (RHCP) and left hand circular polarization (LHCP) are also realized in each operating frequency band. The upper band polarization state is controlled by a L shaped stub introduced in the ground plane whereas the lower band polarization agility depends on the length of the parasitic arc placed around the main radiator. The antenna is fabricated and its performance is measured to validate the proposed design.

Summary: In systems biology modeling, important steps include model parameterization, uncertainty quantification, and evaluation of agreement with experimental observations. To help modelers perform these steps, we developed the software PyBioNetFit, which in addition supports checking models against known system properties and solving design problems. PyBioNetFit introduces Biological Property Specification Language (BPSL) for the formal declaration of system properties. BPSL allows qualitative data to be used alone or in combination with quantitative data. PyBioNetFit performs parameterization with parallelized metaheuristic optimization algorithms that work directly with existing model definition standards: BioNetGen Language (BNGL) and Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML). We demonstrate PyBioNetFit's capabilities by solving various example problems, including the challenging problem of parameterizing a 153-parameter model of cell cycle control in yeast based on both quantitative and qualitative data. We demonstrate the model checking and design applications of PyBioNetFit and BPSL by analyzing a model of targeted drug interventions in autophagy signaling. : Biological Sciences; Bioinformatics; Systems Biology; Complex Systems; Computer Science; Parallel System Subject Areas: Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics, Systems Biology, Complex Systems, Computer Science, Parallel System

The study examined the spatio-temporal variability, validation and climatological trend of MODIS Terra and Aqua level-2 Dark Target retrieval algorithms 3-km AOD over India region during 2001–2017. Analysis reveal the MODIS AOD shows significant variability in spatial extent; Indo-Gangetic plane having high aerosol loading and Southern peninsula shows relatively low aerosol loading in all seasons. The climatological zonal averaged (throughout India) AOD500 are 0.401 ± 0.23 and 0.324 ± 0.64 for Terra and Aqua respectively whereas the ground measured all stations averaged AOD500 is 0.43 ± 1.2 during study period. For validation we obtained daily AOD data from nine ground network stations across India. MODIS 3-km AOD shows good agreement with ground measurements. A total of 5646 and 4920 data points are utilized for validation of MODIS Terra and Aqua AODs respectively and the overall correlation coefficients and RMSE values are 0.94 & 0.08 and 0.72 & 0.17 for Terra and Aqua over the Indian region. However, during monsoon season, both the MODIS AODs are highly overestimated because of atmospheric noise and turbidity. Trend slopes and significances were calculated using Mann-Kendell test at nine selected stations and whole region. AOD shows a significant positive trend (99.9% confidence level) over India with an increasing rate of 2.35 yr−1 and 2.03 yr−1 for Terra and Aqua respectively. All stations annual AODs shows the increasing trend with different significance levels except Patiala. This study reveals the potential applications of the 3-km AOD product in aerosol climatology over Indian region.

People effected due to air pollution in India rose by almost 150% during 1990 to 2015. Diwali event is one of the major anthropogenic source contributing to the air pollution. The study focuses on spatial and temporal distribution of trace gases emitted during pre, on and post diwali days and identify areas with high concentration using station measured and satellite derived data during 2008-2017. The ground measured data shows that during diwali days, NO2, SO2, CO & O3 concentration is almost 1.5 to 7 times the NAAQ safety limits over major cities particularly in northern, western and eastern India. Central and southern India experience low to moderate increase in pollution concentration. Spatial distribution over diwali days using satellite data reveal that NO2 values over India are mostly below NAAQ standards, however high range are observed (27–48 μg/m3) over Delhi, Punjab, Haryana region (Northern zones), Western, central and Eastern Indo-Gangetic plain and this concentration is seen denser on diwali days compared to pre and post diwali. The observation reveal that SO2 concentration is below safety levels over almost entire country except few cities like Delhi region, part of Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Kolkata region. CO concentration is at higher level than NAAQ standards over Western, central and Eastern Indo-gangetic plain. The regression shows that the satellite derived values are in close agreement with the ground measured over the diwali days. The analysis conclude that the peak of the pollutants during diwali may not be increasing quite drastically over many parts of the cities but the overall spatial distribution of the pollutants is increasing from ‘moderate’ to ‘moderately high’ range.

In the present study, 3-D chemical transport model, MOZART-4 (Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers-Version-4) has been used to study the seasonal and spatial distribution of surface ozone (O3) over India. To illustrate the capabilities of model, the simulations are compared with the ground-based observations. The model reproduces the principal features present in ground-based observations. However, model is unable to simulate very low concentration of O3 during monsoon months. The model simulations are used to quantify the contribution of background ozone and Indian anthropogenic emissions to the variability of surface O3. The spatial distribution of total O3 (TO) shows maximum over Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) and Eastern India while minimum over southern Indian region. The seasonal cycle of TO vary from 34.2 ± 7.6 to 51.9 ± 4.9 ppbv over the Indian landmass region due to changes in its topography and ozone lifetime. Annual mean total background O3 (TBO) over India shows highest during spring (29.3 ± 5.0 ppbv) and lowest during monsoon (19.6 ± 3.4 ppbv). Both Natural background O3 (NBO) and pollution background O3 (PBO) shows a minimum in summer which are essentially following the seasonal changes of total ozone. Significant variation of India pollution O3 (IPO) is found over India and the spatial variation of IPO follows the spatial variation of TO as well as spatial variation of emission of ozone precursors.

Summary: Molecular and behavioral responses to opioids are thought to be primarily mediated by neurons, although there is accumulating evidence that other cell types play a prominent role in drug addiction. To investigate cell-type-specific opioid responses, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of the nucleus accumbens of mice following acute morphine treatment. Differential expression analysis uncovered unique morphine-dependent transcriptional responses by oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. We examined the expression of selected genes, including Cdkn1a and Sgk1, by FISH, confirming their induction by morphine in oligodendrocytes. Further analysis using RNA-seq of FACS-purified oligodendrocytes revealed a large cohort of morphine-regulated genes. The affected genes are enriched for roles in cellular pathways intimately linked to oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination, including the unfolded protein response. Altogether, our data illuminate the morphine-dependent transcriptional response by oligodendrocytes and offer mechanistic insights into myelination defects associated with opioid abuse. : Avey et al. use single-cell RNA-seq to uncover cell-type-specific responses to morphine in the brains of mice, revealing a unique and robust response by oligodendrocytes, which they further validate by multiple approaches. These analyses offer insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying oligodendrocyte dysfunction in the context of opioid abuse. Keywords: opioid, morphine, addiction, single-cell, RNA-seq, oligodendrocyte, UPR, glucocorticoid, nucleus accumbens, myelin

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