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Modern business ecosystems are becoming an integral part of the digital economy and an object of research. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of major Russian diversified business ecosystems: Yandex, VK, Sber, MTS and Tinkoff based on the case study method. An approach to their positioning in the market based on the share of the main business in the income of the company - leader of ecosystem and the number of ecosystem services is proposed. It is shown that while maintaining the specialization in some market segments there is a process of convergence of ecosystems by types of services offered, which aggravates competition between them, The factors that, along with competition, cause low financial results of the leading ecosystems are identified. These are an unrelated type of diversification that complicates the realization of synergy, development mainly at the expense of own resources without using the potential of partnership, copying of services accompanied by the absence of consumer retention mechanisms.The obtained results contribute to the discussion of controversial issues about the chances of market dominance of ecosystems and their impact on competition.

It has been established, that the introduction of ionic groups into the structure of oligosiloxanes promotes the formation of hydrophilic coatings under microwave irradiation. The hydrophilicity of the coatings increases with an increase in the irradiation power.

The effects of prostaglandin F2α on the cytoskeleton and membrane organelles of oocytes was investigated by culturing ovulated mouse oocytes in its presence (50 or 100 ng/ml) for 3 h. Tubulin, fibrillar actin, membranes and chromatin were visualized by specific antibodies, phalloidin, lipophilic dye DiOC6 and Hoechst 33342, respectively. Control oocytes were characterized by a meiotic spindle with chromosomes aligned at its equator, and a cortical layer of microfilaments with an actin cap. Intracellular membranes were localized mostly in the central region in metaphase I and in a broader volume, but still excluding the cell periphery, in metaphase II, and were slightly concentrated around the chromosomes. In oocytes treated with 50 ng/ml prostaglandin, cortical actin staining was diminished, the membrane distribution was clustered, and chromosomes showed signs of misalignment despite the apparently preserved spindle. In cells treated with 100 ng/ml prostaglandin, both the spindle and the actin cortex had degenerated or disappeared as microscopic objects. Metaphase plates were on average broader and more disorganized than in the 50 ng/ml group, and the distribution of membrane organelles had become uniform. These effects, to our knowledge observed for the first time, did not require presence of the cumulus during the incubation. They could be regarded as acceleration of the oocyte postovulatory aging, in which cytoskeletal deterioration seemed to have a leading role.

A method has been developed for the obtaining of new oligo(dimethyl)silanes comprising 1,7-bis(methyl)-m-carboranyl units and bearing the terminal chlorosilyl or methoxysilyl groups. Reactions of such oligomers with an excess of benzylmagnesium chloride or 1-chloromagnesiummethyl-m-carborane lead to oligo-m-carboranylenemethylenesilanes containing the terminal benzylsilyl or m-carboranylmethylenesilyl groups. The novel oligomers are highly viscous liquids possessing a high heat resistance and also a resistance towards the treatment with a strong alkaline reagent.

New high-temperature resistant poly(carboranylmethyldiorganosiloxane)s have been synthesized by the polycondensation of 1,7-bis-[hydroxy(dimethyl)silylmethyl]-m-carborane with bis-(dimethylamino)diorganosilanes. It has been shown that the replacement of dimethylsiloxane units in polymer chain by methylphenylsiloxane or diphenylsiloxane units leads to formation of amorphous polymers. The polymers show high thermal stability and resistance to alkaline reagent. Thermally stable and fire resistant vulcanizates showing high strength within –40 to +300°C (in air) have been obtained from the poly(carboranylsiloxane)s.

Modern technologies have a large-scale impact on the transformation of functions, tools and methods of management as well as managers' competencies, updating the question of what will management be like in the near future. The article presents an overview of the main management development trends, outlining the emerging management development paradigm in today’s digital age. The paper analyses the works of the leading foreign and Russian researchers in the field of management, as well as those selected by the keywords. In total, more than 100 publications aimed at identifying and theoretical understanding of management development trends in the digital economy were reviewed. It is shown that the concept of management in the digital era develops dynamically, but the contours of the emerging paradigm provoke professional discourse and experiments. The diversity of researchers' views on the future of management is systematized from the perspectives of organizational business models and strategic priorities of the companies, which seems to be the key aspects of management, ensuring a holistic perception of the business and showing the direction of its transformation in response to environmental challenges. Based on these findings, new requirements for the competencies of modern managers are given. It is also shown that well-known consulting companies introduce new complex indicators of effective companies’ management systems. The identified trends of the modern management development as well as the new competencies of managers, which could be of interest to the researchers and management practitioners, require further analysis, as technologies and management practices evolve.

STUDY QUESTION What is the risk of developing intracavitary fluid (ICF) during ovarian stimulation in patients with an isthmocele after previous caesarean section (CS) delivery? SUMMARY ANSWER In patients with an existing isthmocele, the risk of developing ICF during hormonal stimulation for IVF is almost 40%; therefore, special attention has to be paid to exclude fluid accumulation during stimulation and particularly at the time of transfer, in which case the reproductive outcomes of frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles appear to be uncompromised. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Lately, there is an increasing focus on the long-term impact of CS delivery on the health and future fertility of the mother. Development of an isthmocele is one of the sequelae of a CS delivery. The presence of ICF in combination with an isthmocele has been described previously, and the adverse effect of endometrial fluid on implantation is well recognised by reproductive medicine specialists. Accumulation of ICF has been previously described in patients with hydrosalpinx, less commonly in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI, and even in some patients without any identifiable reason. Assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) are a means to overcome infertility. Reproductive medicine specialists commonly see patients with secondary infertility with a history of having had one or more previous CS and with ultrasound confirmation of an isthmocele. However, the available data pertaining to the prevalence of intracavitary fluid during ovarian stimulation in patients with ultrasound confirmation of an isthmocele is limited. Furthermore, data on the influence of ICF in a stimulated cycle on the ART outcome of a subsequent FET cycle is scarce and merits further studies. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A prospective observational exploratory study was performed in IVI Middle East Fertility Clinic, Abu Dhabi, from June 2018 to March 2019, and retrospective analysis of the reproductive outcomes was performed until July 2019. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Patients with secondary infertility, defined as a minimum of 1 year of infertility after a previous successful pregnancy, undergoing ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI and having a history of one or more previous CS with ultrasonographic visible isthmocele, were included (n = 103). Patients were monitored as a clinical routine with vaginal ultrasound examinations during ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI treatment. All patients included in the study were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their previous obstetric history. Development of ICF was recorded as well as changes in the measurements of the isthmocele during the course of ovarian stimulation. Reproductive outcomes of FET cycles of the patients with an isthmocele were retrospectively compared to those of patients with infertility and without isthmocele in our clinic during the same time period. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Patients with an existing isthmocele after previous CS have a risk of ~40% of developing ultrasonographic visible fluid in the endometrial cavity during the course of ovarian stimulation. Development of ICF was significantly correlated with the depth of the isthmocele on Day 2/3 (P = 0.038) and on the day of trigger (−1/−2 days) (P = 0.049), circumference of the isthmocele on the day of trigger (−1/−2 days) (P = 0.040), distance from the C-scar to the external os (P = 0.036), number of children delivered (P = 0.047) and number of previous CS (P = 0.035). There was a statistically significant increase in the parameters related to the size of the isthmocele during ovarian stimulation. No significant differences in the reproductive outcome (pregnancy rate and rates of biochemical and ectopic pregnancies, miscarriages and ongoing/delivered pregnancies) after FET were found between the patients with and without an isthmocele, when ICF was excluded prior to embryo transfer procedure. LARGE-SCALE DATA NA. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study was not primarily designed to investigate the causes of ICF during ovarian stimulation or to evaluate the reproductive outcomes. Further, the small number of reported reproductive outcomes may be seen as a limitation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The data highlights the need for an increased awareness on the part of reproductive medicine specialists towards the potentially adverse impact of an isthmocele on ART treatment, as there is a potential to develop intracavitary fluid during ovarian stimulation for IVF. The increase in the circumference of the isthmocele may increase embryo transfer difficulty. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No funding of the study has to be reported. The authors have no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This prospective study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov. under the number NCT03518385.

Bovine syndactyly is an autosomal monogenic recessive trait associated with multiple mutations in the LRP4 gene encoding low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4. This protein is a specific facilitator of sclerostin-mediated inhibition of both Wnt1/ β-catenin signaling and osteocyte-secreted bone formation. It is assumed that sclerostin induces a decrease in extracellular pH and promotes the release of calcium ions from mineralized substrates. Therefore, mutations in the LRP4 gene might be associated with changes in the elemental status. The aim of this research was to evaluate the elemental composition of serum in cattle carrying multiple SNP in the LRP4 gene (16 trial animals) compared to animals without such mutations (62 control animals). DNA samples from 78 Black Pied cattle were sequenced with a TruSeq Bovine Parentage Sequencing Panel (Illumina, USA) on a MiSeq Illumina platform following by SNP analysis. The elemental composition of the serum was determined using ICP-AES and ICP-MS. The levels of Ca and P, crucial bone elements, were higher in trial cattle than in control group by 12.9% (P = 0.004) and 22.5% (P = 0.008), respectively. The level of V affecting the uniform distribution of calcium salts in bones, was higher in trial group than in control one by 34.5% (P = 0.001). The concentrations of Mn and Mg were higher in trial group than in control one by 23.6% (P = 0.026) and 10.0% (P = 0.044), respectively. The Sr level in trial cattle was higher by 18.8% (P = 0.04) that may indicate the rickets-like state. A similar trend was observed for toxic metals As and Li. This study demonstrates the association of the LRP4 multiple SNP and the changes in cattle elemental status. Moreover, such heterozygous animals have a higher risk of mineral metabolism disorders. This research was supported by The Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Project No. 0526-2019-0001).

Study question Frozen embryo transfer (FET) of euploid blastocysts in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or natural cycle (NC): are there differences in obstetric, fetal and neonatal outcomes? Summary answer Pregnancy complications, neonatal outcomes and fetal abnormalities are not increased after FET with PGT-A in singleton pregnancies. What is known already Since its introduction, PGT has been widely used in ART centers for preventing chromosomal and monogenic diseases. Despite its increased use, there are scarce and conflicting data about adverse pregnancy, fetal and neonatal outcomes. In one published study, the risk of preeclampsia and placenta previa was increased when PGT pregnancies were compared with non-PGT, while the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm delivery, fetal defects and NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) admission were similar. According to other data, the rate of caesarean section in PGT pregnancies was high - around 80% in singletons. Study design, size, duration An observational, retrospective study was conducted between March 2015 and November 2019 in patients with singleton pregnancies after ART with PGT-A/FET/HRT and NC. A total number of 353 patients from two fertility centers (ART Fertility Clinics Dubai and Abu Dhabi, UAE), were included. They were divided into two groups according to the endometrial preparation for FET: group A: HRT (n = 225) and group B: NC (n = 128). Participants/materials, setting, methods Patients with primary / secondary infertility and at least one transferable euploid blastocyst after trophectoderm biopsy, achieving an ongoing singleton pregnancy after FET were included. Endometrial preparation for FET was either performed in a NC or an HRT cycle. For this study, the following pregnancy outcomes were recorded: GDM, preeclampsia and hypertension, obstetric cholestasis, placental abnormalities, mode of delivery, preterm delivery, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, fetal abnormalities and admission to NICU. Main results and the role of chance There were no statistically significant differences in maternal and demographic characteristics of the studied groups. The mean maternal age was 34.05(20–45) and 34.26(23–47) years for group A and B respectively. The mean BMI was 28.31kg/m² (17.93–43.76) versus 27.93 (17.32–43.18). The ratio of nulliparous versus multiparous patients was 1:1 for both groups. Majority of the patients in both groups were of Arab ethnicity. The number of patients recorded as smokers was low and comparable in the groups. The mean gestational age at the time of delivery was comparable: 37.64 gestational weeks (24–41) versus 37.76 (26–41). The Caesarean section rate was around 50% for both groups. The rate of preterm delivery was comparable in both groups (16.9% and 18.8% for group A and B respectively). There was no detectable difference in the distribution of the birth weight in both groups with a median weight of 3000 grams of which 13.6% were low birth weight. In the studied groups, 30.5% had pregnancy complications with no observed statistically significant differences when the groups were compared. There was no increased incidence of fetal abnormalities. Admission to NICU was comparable and was related to prematurity. Limitations, reasons for caution The limitations of the study are the retrospective design and the small number of participants. Wider implications of the findings: In patients with FET of an euploid embryo after PGT-A, the type of FET treatment preparation (HRT or NC) has no significant effect on pregnancy complications, birth weight and fetal abnormalities. The findings of the present study could be used to improve prenatal counselling for women undergoing ART with PGT-A. Trial registration number Not applicable

Monosubstituted B-chloro(organo)silylmethyl-o-carboranes have been synthesized for the first time by the reaction of o-carborane with chloromethyl(organo)chlorosilanes in the presence of catalytic amount of aluminum chloride. The reaction proceeds at temperature of 200–250°C under a pressure of 22–25 atm. A decrease in the number of chlorine atoms in the molecule of chloromethyl(organo)chlorosilane decreases the yield of the target product.

The urgency of the research is in seeking for the methods and techniques to intensify the learning activities of students in learning to Russian as a foreign language, to increase their motivation, to develop creative potential, mutual help and cooperativeness in a classroom environment and outside the classroom. One of the effective methods for improving learning is the rating control of the educational activities of students. This article is supposed to substantiate the effectiveness of the systematic use of rating control and ranking students at each stage of the Russian language learning as foreign. The basic research methods are the modeling of study process, the methods of analysis and synthesis, lesson observation, experiment (diagnostic, prognostic, organizational, practical, generalizing). The results of the study show the effectiveness of applying systematic ranking of the students within the classes following on from the results of the educational task, the effectiveness of the model of classes in Russian as a foreign language in which a student who occupies the highest position in the ranking is always first to be tested. The study of the impact of rating control system in teaching Russian as a foreign language on student performance and increasing their level of language competence plays an important role in improving the methods and techniques of organizing educational work in Russian.

The efficient method for the synthesis of o(m)-carboranylmethylsiloxanesby the Grignard reaction based on 1,2 (7)-bis(bromomagnesiummethyl)-o(m)-carboranes and 1-chloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane was developed. As a result, 1-(1,1,3,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxanylmethyl)-2(7)-methyl-o(m)-carboranes, 1,2(7)-bis(1,1,3.3,3-pentamethyldisiloxanylmethyl)-o(m)-carboranes, exocyclic 1,2-(o-carborano)-4,6-bis(dimethylsilyl)-5-oxa-cycloheptane, 1,7-bis(chloro-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxanylmethyl)-m-carborane and the oligomer containing two 1,7-bis(dimethylsilylmethyl)-m-carborane units were obtained.

Specific projects initiated by higher school and high-tech business is the scientific and technological basis of the Program for the development of Novosibirsk Scientific Center (Akademgorodok 2.0) as a territory with high concentration of research and development institutions. The article presents general information on scientific, infrastructural and innovative projects of the Program, their classification by key indicators, promotion and scientific-organizational support of projects. The article proposes the measures to make higher education in Novosibirsk more attractive and competitive in both international and Russian education services markets as the most important direction of implementation of the Program “Akademgorodok 2.0”. The work focuses on the necessity to form new educational programs and their coordination with the promising research and scientific developments implemented within the framework of the Program “Akademgorodok 2.0”. The authors express their position on the proposals to organize “Big NSU” by including a number of academic institutions of the NSC of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

An efficient method for the synthesis of 1-chloro(dimethyl)silylmethyl-o-carborane, 1-dichloro(methyl)silylmethyl-o-carborane, 1-trichlorosilylmethyl-o-carborane, and 1-trichlorosilylmethyl- 2-methyl-o-carborane using 1-bromomagnesiummethyl-o-carborane, 1-bromomagnesiummethyl-2-methyl-o-carborane, and organochlorosilanes was developed.

The results of estimating the activity of the aerosol form and gaseous compounds of iodine isotopes in the ventilation system of the IVV-2M reactor facility are presented. The contribution of aerosol and gaseous forms of iodine to the total volumetric activity was simultaneously determined. Criteria of homogeneity of sorbed iodine compounds are determined on the basis of analysis of the dependence of the activity distribution in the layers of a multilayer filter. The study made it possible to determine the form in which radioactive iodine enters the space above the surface of the coolant of the water-moderated water-cooled pool-type research reactor. It is shown that the volumetric iodine activity in the air of the ventilation system of the reactor facility is generally determined by hardly sorbed gaseous compounds.

In eukaryotic cells during interphase, the centrosome is positioned close to the nucleus by a yet unidentified mechanism and determines the basic cell polarity. The aim of this study was to trace the dynamics of centriolar satellite protein PCM-1 in newborn mouse ovaria. Ovarian sections of newborn mice were subjected to immunofluorescent analysis. The intracellular localization of PCM-1 in prophase I oocytes was compared between 1- and 2-day-old mice. In oocytes from 1-day-old ovaria, double or broader single discrete PCM-1 aggregates with perinuclear localization were observed in association with condensed chromatin regions. In oocytes from 2-day-old ovaria, PCM-1 structures were less discrete and chromatin was homogenous. In some oocytes, single or double PCM-1 aggregate was still recognizable, while in others, the PCM-1-containing structure was crescent-shaped. Our study describes for the first time reorganization of centriolar satellite protein PCM-1 in prophase I oocytes from developing primordial follicles correlated with chromatin changes during transition to dictyate.

The objective of the study was to study the effect of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A) performed at blastocyst stage on the levels of first trimester biomarkers.This is an observational, collaborative, retrospective study. Seven hundred and twenty-eight patients were included in the study. Patients were with singleton pregnancies resulting from either natural conception (NC), or assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) with PGT-A and frozen embryo transfer (FET) (ART/PGT-A/FET) or after ART without PGT-A and fresh ET (ART/no PGT-A/fresh ET) or FET (ART/no PGT-A/FET), who had first trimester combined screening test between 11 and 14 gestational weeks. They were stratified into four groups: group A (ART/PGT-A/FET) - 143 patients; group B (ART/no PGT-A/FET) - 100 patients; group C (ART/no PGT-A/fresh ET) - 346 patients, and group D (NC) - 139 patients.Statistically significant differences among the examined groups were observed for maternal age, BMI, ethnicity, and parity. The median placenta-associated plasma protein (PAPP-A) was lowest in the group with ART/PGT-A/FET and the highest result was obtained in the group with ART/no PGT-A/FET. Statistically significant difference in the median PAPP-A levels was identified among the examined groups (Testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) and the decision to transfer either fresh or cryopreserved embryos (ET) appear not to affect the levels of first trimester biochemical markers. The findings of the present study should be a baseline for future studies and could be used to improve the antenatal screening counseling for women with ART pregnancies and PGT-A.

Known as a degenerative joint disorder of advanced age affecting predominantly females, osteoarthritis can develop in younger and actively working people because of activities involving loading and injuries of joints. Collagenase-induced osteoarthritis (CIOA) in a mouse model allowed us to investigate for the first time its effects on key cytoskeletal structures (meiotic spindles and actin distribution) of ovulated mouse oocytes. Their meiotic spindles, actin caps, and chromatin were analyzed by immunofluorescence. A total of 193 oocytes from mice with CIOA and 209 from control animals were obtained, almost all in metaphase I (M I) or metaphase II (MII). The maturation rate was lower in CIOA (26.42% M II) than in controls (55.50% M II). CIOA oocytes had significantly larger spindles (average 37 μm versus 25 μm in controls, p < 0.001 ), with a proportion of large spindles more than 64% in CIOA versus up to 15% in controls ( p < 0.001 ). Meiotic spindles were wider in 68.35% M I and 54.90% M II of CIOA oocytes (mean 18.04 μm M I and 17.34 μm M II versus controls: 11.64 μm M I and 12.64 μm M II), and their poles were approximately two times broader (mean 6.9 μm) in CIOA than in controls (3.6 μm). CIOA oocytes often contained disoriented microtubules. Actin cap was visible in over 91% of controls and less than 20% of CIOA oocytes. Many CIOA oocytes without an actin cap had a nonpolarized thick peripheral actin ring (61.87% of M I and 52.94% of M II). Chromosome alignment was normal in more than 82% in both groups. In conclusion, CIOA affects the cytoskeleton of ovulated mouse oocytes—meiotic spindles are longer and wider, their poles are broader and with disorganized fibers, and the actin cap is replaced by a broad nonpolarized ring. Nevertheless, meiotic spindles were successfully formed in CIOA oocytes and, even when abnormal, allowed correct alignment of chromosomes.

In this study, new biodegradable and biocompatible amphiphilic polymers were obtained by modifying the peripheral hydroxyl groups of branched polyethers and polyesters with organosilicon substituents. The structures of the synthesized polymers were confirmed by NMR and GPC. Organosilicon moieties of the polymers were formed by silatranes and trimethylsilyl blocks and displayed hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, respectively. The effect of the ratio of hydrophilic to hydrophobic organosilicon structures on the surface activity and biological activity of macromolecules was studied, together with the effect on these activities of the macromolecules’ molecular weight and chemical structure. In particular, the critical micelle concentrations were determined, the effect of the structure of the polymers on their wetting with aqueous solutions on glass and parafilm was described, and the aggregation stability of emulsions was studied. Finally, the effect of the polymer structures on their antifungal activity and seed germination stimulation was examined.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by generation of autoantibodies and severe damage of various organs. The hormonal changes associated with pregnancy and especially estrogen might lead to damage of reproductive function and ovarian quality. We employed a pristane-induced lupus model of Balb/c mice which resembles human lupus in an attempt to follow oogenesis disruption during the disease progression. The integrity of cytoskeletal and chromatin structures was estimated in oocytes derived by hormonally stimulated ovulation in lupus mice and the results were compared with those from healthy mice. Chromatin, tubulin and actin structures in oocytes were detected by Hoechst 33258, anti-alpha-tubulin antibody and rhodamine-labeled phalloidin, respectively. All available meiotic spindles were analyzed – in immature (metaphase I) and mature oocytes (metaphase II). The total number of mature oocytes obtained from lupus mice was lower compared to healthy controls. The maturation rate was 9.8 % for lupus mice, 12.7 % for 7-month old controls, and 14.3 % for the young control mice (4 weeks old). Another major difference between the studied groups was the higher percentage of defective metaphase I spindles registered in oocytes derived from lupus mice (60 % normal spindles), while for the young and older controls this proportion was 86 % and 81 %, respectively. No such difference was registered for metaphase II spindles. For both metaphase I and metaphase II oocytes, the proportions of normal actin cap and chromosomal condensation were similar between the experimental groups.

The current review provides data and focuses on blood as a niche for the presence of cell wall-deficient microbes (L-forms). The hypothesis for the existence of L-form microbiota in humans was tested by us using an innovative methodology for the isolation of L-form cultures from human blood. Criteria were conceived for the individual assessment of blood microbiota and recognition of two types of states -- "eubiotic" and "dysbiotic" blood microbiota. Cell wall-deficient microbes (CWD) that inhabit blood in healthy people are in natural balance with the host homeostasis, which corresponds to the "eubiotic" state. When interacting with a host, CWD bacteria or fungi employ a strategy distinctive for a latent lifestyle. In contrast to "eubiotic," "dysbiotic" blood microbiota manifests when the balance is disrupted and there is an excess of L-form variants of opportunistic microbes that invade from the external microbiota, i.e., from all body sites in contact with the external environment. Our case studies on people with multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease, psoriasis, thyroid cancer, and diabetes revealed the appearance of "dysbiotic" blood microbiota that outlined the disease-trigger potential of opportunistic bacteria and fungi existing in blood as CWD variants. Blood microbiota assessment could be of diagnostic and prognostic importance for the pathological processes occurring within the body, as well as for understanding the microbial pathogenesis.

The results of research of samples of distal femoral epiphysis in rabbits that had different types of plasty using the Raman spectroscopy method are presented. The component analysis of the samples under study has been made using spectra deconvolution by spectral contour selection The efficiency of the method of treatment of cartilage destruction using the combination of platelet-rich plasma with a bone is shown. It has been established that Raman spectroscopy can be used for estimation of areas of articular surface after chondroplasty and of degree of cartilage recovery.

The results of the study of synovial fluid (SF) of patients with knee joint osteoarthritis (OA). The optical analysis of the SF samples, harvested during exploratory punctures of knee joints of patients suffering the osteoarthrosis in different stages using the standard method, was made. A certain component composition of surface of SF samples that differs for healthy people and the patients, having knee joint osteoarthrosis in different stages, is possible to identify as a result of analysis with the use of Raman spectroscopy method. The introduced optical coefficients help to estimate the spectral composition of surface of SF samples of the patients, suffering the early and late stages of ОА.

The reactions of bis-(bromomagnesiummethyl)carboranes with dimethyldimethoxysilane were studied. It has been shown that interaction of 1,2-bis-(bromomagnesium)-o-carborane with an excess of dimethyldimethoxysilane gives the mixture of 1,2-(methoxydimethylsilylmethyl)-o-carborane and exocyclic 1,2-(o-carboranyleno)-4,6-bis-(dimethylsilyl)-5-oxa-cycloheptane. In the case of 1,7-bis-(bromomagnesiummethyl)-m-carborane, only 1,7-bis-(methoxydimethyl-silylmethyl)-m-carborane is formed. The possibility of obtaining Grignard reagents from 1,2 (7)-(bromomethyl)-o(m)-carboranes has been established.

Background Complexes of Genipin and different water-soluble adjuvant polysaccharides, such as arabinogalactane, hydroxyethyl starch, fibergum, and oligosaccharides β-CD and HP-β-CD, were synthesized as drug delivery system using mechanochemical technology. Method We have investigated physicochemical properties, stability, and hepatotoxicity of the synthesized complexes in solid state and aqueous solution. The formation of the complexes was evidenced by different physical and spectroscopy assays, and the stability constants of our synthesized Genipin-based complexes were also calculated. Results The HP-β-CD inclusion complex showed the highest characteristics. We have found that the molecule of Genipin was completely included in the cyclodextrin cavity of the HP-β-CD. This complex of Genipin has shown a 6.14-fold increase of solubility compared with the original Genipin, and more stable in solvent and solid states. Conclusion The hepatotoxicity assays showed that our investigated complexes of Genipin are much safer than the original Genipin. These results suggest that new Genipin-based preparations can be synthesized with advantageous of higher stability and safety.

Background: The androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in >75% of hormone receptor (HR)+ tumors. AR signaling has been associated with resistance to endocrine therapy (ET). Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) divert estrogen precursors to androgens; in preclinical models enzalutamide (ENZA) blocked both estrogen- and androgen-mediated growth of HR+ cells. In a phase 1 study of ET+ENZA in breast cancer, doubling the dose of exemestane (EXE) to 50 mg was necessary to restore exposure observed with 25 mg.1 Methods: This placebo (PBO)–controlled phase 2 trial randomized patients (pts) with HR+/HER2-normal advanced/metastatic breast cancer (MBC) to either 25 mg EXE+PBO or 50 mg EXE+160 mg ENZA daily (NCT02007512). Two parallel cohorts enrolled pts who had no prior ET (C1) or who had received 1 prior ET for MBC (C2). Randomization was stratified on resistance to prior ET and prior exposure to AI. Tissue samples for biomarker development were mandatory. Brain metastases or a history of seizure was exclusionary. One prior chemotherapy regimen for MBC was permitted. Response was assessed every 8 weeks for 48 weeks, then every 12 weeks. Crossover to ENZA+EXE was allowed at disease progression. A gene signature–based biomarker (Bmkr) indicating AR signaling predictive of response to ENZA was developed using a training set of RNAseq data from 2/3 of randomized pts and validated using a test set of data from the remaining 1/3 of pts. Progression-free survival (PFS) according to RECIST v1.1 was the primary endpoint in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population and in the Bmkr+ subgroup of each cohort. Secondary endpoints included clinical benefit rate at 24 weeks (CBR24), best overall response, and safety. Results: A total of 247 pts were randomized (C1, n=127; C2, n=120). In C1, 50 pts (39.4%) were Bmkr+; in C2, 35 pts (29.2%) were Bmkr+. Statistically significant improvements in median PFS and CBR24 were observed only in the Bmkr+ population with no prior ET (Table). The most common adverse events (AEs) reported in the ENZA+EXE arms were nausea (39%) in C1 and fatigue (37%) in C2. In C1, 9 pts (15%) and 10 pts (16%) discontinued the study due to AEs in the ENZA+EXE and PBO+EXE arms, respectively. In C2, 11 pts (18%) and 5 pts (8%) discontinued due to AEs in the ENZA+EXE and PBO+EXE arms, respectively. Conclusions: In the first reported randomized trial of ENZA in HR+ MBC, ENZA+EXE was well tolerated with no new safety signals. The study met its primary endpoint in pts with Bmkr+ MBC with no prior ET. 1. Schwartzberg et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2017 Mar 9 [Epub ahead of print]. C1: No Prior ETC2: 1 Prior ET ITTBmkr+ITTBmkr+EXE+ENZA | PBOENZA | PBOENZA | PBOENZA | PBO n=63 | n=64n=24 | n=26n=60 | n=60n=15 | n=20Primary endpointPFS, median, months11.8 | 5.816.5 | 4.33.6 | 3.96.0 | 5.3(95% CI)(7.3, 15.9) | (3.5, 10.9)(11.0, NR) | (1.9, 10.9)(1.9, 5.5) | (2.6, 5.4)(2.3, 26.7) | (1.8, 6.7)Hazard ratio0.820.441.020.55(95% CI)(0.54, 1.26)(0.21, 0.96)(0.66, 1.59)(0.23, 1.36)P value0.36310.03350.92120.1936Secondary endpointCBR24, n (%)39 (62) | 29 (45)20 (83) | 10 (38)12 (20) | 19 (32)6 (40) | 6 (30)(95% CI)(49, 74) | (33, 58)(63, 95) | (20, 59)(11, 32) | (20, 45)(16, 68) | (12, 54)P value0.06090.00120.14430.5374 Citation Format: Krop I, Abramson V, Colleoni M, Traina T, Holmes F, Estevez L, Hart L, Awada A, Zamagni C, Morris P, Schwartzberg L, Chan S, Wheatley D, Gucalp A, Biganzoli L, Steinberg J, Gianni L, Trudeau M, Tudor IC, Markova D, Barry E, Tarazi J, Stewart R, Winer E, Yardley DA. Results from a randomized placebo-controlled phase 2 trial evaluating exemestane ± enzalutamide in patients with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr GS4-07.

For the first time an effective method for the preparation of 1-methoxy(dimethyl)silylmethyl-m-carborane and 1,7-bis[chloro(dimethyl)silylmethyl]-m-carborane using 1-haloidmagnesiummethyl-m-carborane and 1,7-bis[haloidmagnesiummethyl]-m-carborane was developed. It has been established that in the course of the reaction of 1-haloidmethyl-m-carboranes with magnesium both in ether and THF, simultaneously with the formation of 1-haloidmagnesiummethyl-m-carborane – the resulting Grignard reagent, proceeds the isomerization of carborane products and their remetallization with the obtained Grignard reagent. This leads to the formation of a complex mixture of products and the decrease in the yield of the resulting Grignard reagent to 43–67%. It has been shown that by using 1-haloidmethyl-m-carboranes substituted in the second carbon atom, for example, 1,7-bis[bromomethyl]-m-carborane, in the reactions for obtaining Grignard reagents, it is possible to eliminate the isomerization of carborane products and their remetallization with the target Grignard reagent 1,7-bis[bromomagnesiummethyl]-m-carborane in 90% yield.

New highly thermally stable carboranylmethyl-containing diorganosiloxane polymers were obtained by polycondensation of equimolar amounts of 1.7-bis[hydroxy(dimethyl)silylmethylene]-m-carborane and bis(dimethylamino)diorganosilanes. It was shown that replacement of 24 to 33 mol % of dimethylsiloxane units in the polymer backbone by methyl(phenyl)siloxane or diphenylsiloxane units containing bulky phenyl groups results in the formation of only amorphous polymers. The polymers are readily soluble in organic solvents and have high thermal stability.

An efficient method for the synthesis of o(m)-carboranylmethylsiloxanes by the Grignard reaction from 1,2(7)-bis(bromomagnesiummethyl)-o(m)-carboranes and 1-chloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane has been developed. As a result, 1-(1,1,3,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxanylmethyl)-2(7)-methyl-o(m)-carboranes, 1,2(7)-bis(1,1,3.3,3-pentamethyldisiloxanylmethyl)-o(m)-carboranes, exocyclic 1,2-(o-carborano)-4,6-bis(dimethylsilyl)-5-oxacycloheptane, 1,7-bis(chloro-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxanylmethyl)-m-carborane, and oligomer containing two 1,7-bis(dimethylsilylmethyl)-m-carborane units have been obtained.

Monosubstituted B-chloro(organyl)silylmethyl-o- and m-carboranes have been synthesized by the reaction of o(m)-carboranes with chloro(chloromethyl)organylsilanes in the presence of AlCl3 at 200–250 °C under a pressure of 20–25 atm.

A method has been developed for producing fire-resistant phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing organosiloxane coatings on the surface of cellulose fibres. It has been shown that such a three-layer coating ensures an increase in the oxygen index of the fibres from 20 to 47%.

The transesterification conditions for the reaction of organotriethoxysilanes with ethylene glycol and bis-(hydroxymethyl)-o-carborane were found. Based on the obtained data, transesterification reactions of bis-triethoxypropylsiloxaneamide of m-carboranedicarboxylic acid with bis-(hydroxymethyl)-o-carborane, bis-(hydroxymethyl)-m-carborane and ethylene glycol were carried out. Using the methods of 1D- and 2D- NMR spectroscopy, GPC and mass spectroscopy, the structure of novel oligocarboranesiloxanes was established.

The paper shows Novosibirsk oblast’s reindustrialization program as an instrument of strategic planning and structuring of interactions between participants of innovative projects. Rationale is provided for how the strategic maneuver and innovative vector of the reindustrialization program can reinforce interactions between scientific institutes, universities, and innovative companies and ensure demand for innovation given the current insufficient interest in innovative development on the part of large businesses. An outline is given for the competences of the main innovation actors in Novosibirsk oblast capable of implementing innovative projects to develop a knowledge economy. A typology of reindustrialization projects is proposed in terms of the level and significance of problems to be addressed and their impact on the regional economy. The typology highlights flagship and infrastructure projects as well as national-, interregional-, and regional-level projects. We discuss some of the risks associated with the project’s implementation and ways of mitigating those risks through a combination of federal and regional support measures.

Silicate glass and cotton fabric are hydrophobized via treatment of their surface by vinyltriethoxysilane and oligovinylsiloxane. The data of electron microscopy for chemical analysis and the values of contact angles suggest that the hydrophobicity of the surface layer develops via the polymerization of vinyl groups. The arrangement of vinyl groups in neighboring units in oligovinylsiloxane is favorable for formation of a more uniform solid coating with enhanced hydrophobicity. The use of oligovinylsiloxane and its derivatives with amino and carboxyl groups as surfactants in the heterophase polymerization of styrene makes it possible to obtain stable suspensions with a narrow particle size distribution.