Search

This article describes synthetic and structural studies of heterocycles based on hypervalent sulfur and selenium, in particular 1,6,6aλ4-triheterapentalenes, their monocyclic precursors and related compounds. What may be termed classical 1,6,6aλ4-triheterapentalenes conform to structure (1), in which Y = S, Se or Te and X and Z are O, S, Se or NR [1]. Many aza analogues of (1) are known in which one or more ring carbon atoms at positions 2, 3, 4 and 5 are replaced by nitrogen atoms. In the majority of known 1,6,6aλ4-triheterapentalenes, Y = S. Relatively few analogues are known in which Y = Se, and still fewer are known in which Y = Te. Analogues in which X and/or Ze is Te or PR have not hitherto been prepared.

C 13 H 12 N 2 SSe cristallise dans P1 avec a=7,698, b=7,818, c=11,685 A, α=90,24, β=97,89, γ=117,60°, Z=2; affinement jusqu'a R=0,059. La partie tricyclique de la molecule est presque plane et possede des liaisons Se-S et S-N longues de 2,585 et 1,812 A respectivement, et un angle de liaison Se-S-N de 172,5°

This article describes synthetic and structural studies of heterocycles based on hypervalent sulfur and selenium, in particular 1,6,6aλ4-triheterapentalenes, their monocyclic precursors and related compounds. What may be termed classical 1,6,6aλ4-triheterapentalenes conform to structure (1), in which Y = S, Se or Te and X and Z are O, S, Se or NR [1]. Many aza analogues of (1) are known in which one or more ring carbon atoms at positions 2, 3, 4 and 5 are replaced by nitrogen atoms. In the majority of known 1,6,6aλ4-triheterapentalenes, Y = S. Relatively few analogues are known in which Y = Se, and still fewer are known in which Y = Te. Analogues in which X and/or Ze is Te or PR have not hitherto been prepared.

Coopworth and Merino lambs were slaughtered at 8 months after being grazed together on ryegrass/clover pasture from weaning. The flavour and odour intensities of the cooked lean (longissimus lumborum muscle) and odour intensity of subcutaneous fat were assessed by an analytical panel. Sheepmeat flavour in the lean was stronger (P < 0.01) in Coopworth and foreign flavour was stronger in Merino (P < 0.001). However, the mean pH of the meats also differed significantly (P < 0.001) (Coopworth, 5.77; Merino, 6.16), thereby confounding the effects of pH and breed. Panellists' comments pointed to a breed effect in subcutaneous fat odour, but means for sheepmeat and foreign odours in the fat were statistically identical. Meat toughness, assessed by the same panel, peaked around pH 6.0, irrespective of breed. In a parallel study of the Merino lambs and five Merino cross breeds, an in-house panel assessed acceptability rather than intensity of meat attributes. All crosses and the pure Merino produced meat ...

Many adults with severe disabilities spend considerable amounts of time in segregated day programs. We evaluated the degree to which these programs support purposeful and age-appropriate activity. Observations in 100 congregate community and institutional program sites indicated that approximately half of consumer time was spent in purposeful activity, 75% of which was age-appropriate. In 20% of the sites, though, most activity was age-inappropriate. These results, which were similar across community and institutional settings, are discussed in terms of respective program administrators evaluating their supports through comparisons with activity involvement in other programs and the need for changes in programs providing primarily age-inappropriate activities.

C 13 H 12 N 2 SSe cristallise dans P1 avec a=7,698, b=7,818, c=11,685 A, α=90,24, β=97,89, γ=117,60°, Z=2; affinement jusqu'a R=0,059. La partie tricyclique de la molecule est presque plane et possede des liaisons Se-S et S-N longues de 2,585 et 1,812 A respectivement, et un angle de liaison Se-S-N de 172,5°

Sheepmeat (the flesh of Ovis aries) is eaten by millions of people all over the world and is probably eaten in every country to some extent. There are no religious or cultural taboos on eating sheepmeat, which contrasts sharply with the taboos that apply to beef (Hindu) and pork (Moslem, Jewish). Nevertheless, many people avoid sheepmeat because they object to its odour (especially during cooking) and/or its flavour. The Chinese even have a special word for the disagreeable cooking odour of sheepmeat, ‘soo’, meaning sweaty, sour (Wong, 1975). Even in those Western countries that have a greater acceptance of sheepmeat, many dislike it, particularly the meat from mature animals with its apparently stronger odour and flavour. Also, the relatively high melting point of sheep fat contributes to a ‘waxy’ mouthfeel that is unacceptable to many. On a cool plate the fat tends to harden rapidly, which contrasts with the more oily character of, say, pork fat.

A national survey was conducted to investigate how managers in public residential facilities for persons with mental retardation attempt to reinforce work performance of direct-care staff. The reinforcement procedure reported most frequently by 460 managers was performance feedback (as opposed to monetary increments and time off). Essentially all managers reported using feedback, and virtually all of them reported that feedback was effective to varying degrees as a means of reinforcing staff performance. In response to an open-ended question regarding other procedures for reinforcing staff performance, they most frequently reported increasing staff involvement in management decision-making. Results were discussed in light of future research needs for improving staff work performance and incorporating results of management research into routine management practices.

A problem of current concern in the assessment of claims experience in non-life insurance is addressed. The problem relates to the interface of two well-defined areas of actuarial activity, namely reserving and rating. A model is proposed that permits the analysis of claim settlement experience in such a way as to allow for variations in settlement rate, proportions of nil claims and variations from year to year in a risk-factorial background. From this, the reserving approach may be developed coherently into the area of risk costing for rating purposes.

This paper is concerned with certain problems which arise in the course of rate fixing for a portfolio comprising a large number of direct risks.This is, of course, the traditional territory of the actuary and there is no lack of papers discussing specific aspects of the subject, such as the analysis of claim frequency, or the fitting of distributions to claim amount data. Equally there is a literature which discusses in general terms the philosophy which it is suggested should be followed by the non-life insurance ratemaker. It is when one tries in practice to follow a logical and consistent path through from portfolio records to rates that gaps in the literature become apparent and it is with covering these gaps, or at least some of them, that the present paper is concerned.It is not the concern of the author in this paper to attempt to describe the entire ratemaking process. That there is no reference to the analysis of office expenses, commissions, or to the application of “judgment” or “experience” should not be taken to imply that these aspects are not susceptible to the kind of approach advocated here. Attention here is focused upon what might in a sense be regarded as the most basic aspect: the claim process or experience.In many insurance operations the position which seems to be developing is that there is no lack of necessary computer hardware, and in principle, of data: the difficulties arising relate more to the form in which data should be retained and extracted, and the manner in which it should be used to assist in rate-making.

1.1. This paper is concerned with claim reserves in general insurance. General, or non-Life, insurance may be taken to include such classes of business as Motor, Liability, Property, etc., and the claim reserves with which the paper is concerned are usually described as ‘outstanding claims reserves’ or ‘reserves for claims incurred but not reported’ (I.B.N.R.). Each of these reserves falls under the heading of ‘technical reserves’, and may be referred to as ‘provisions’ by the accountancy profession. Such reserves are intended in some sense to represent the liability of the insurer arising from events which have occurred within the scope of, and during the period of currency of, the insurance. It is implicit in the definition of such reserves that there is defined a specific date, which will be referred to in this paper as the accounting date, to which the reserves relate. The need for outstanding claim reserves arises from the separation in time of the reporting of a claim to an insurer from the subsequent settlement of that claim, whether this settlement involves the payment of a positive sum by the insurer, or whether, in the event, no payment is made.

This paper presents a mathematical model for the behavior of right-turning (left-hand drive is the convention observed) vehicles at an uncontrolled intersection. The model is a development of the one proposed for this situation in a previous paper by the author. It relates to the intersection of a two-lane major road with a minor road at which vehicles on the major road have absolute priority. Completely random traffic is postulated on the major road, and congestion is caused by drivers of vehicles on the major road who wish to turn right and are unable to do so immediately because of oncoming traffic. It is not possible for following vehicles to filter to the left of a delayed vehicle. The delay distribution for vehicles in each lane of the major road is determined for the case of stochastically stationary behavior, and some numerical results for the mean and variance of this distribution are given. The gap acceptance mechanism used in this paper is similar to the one proposed by Gaver. Further references for this paper are discussed in the Introduction to the author's previous paper.

PROFESSORS have become very well acquainted with the fact that they are asked every now and then to grade different students, but our Dean of Agriculture became interested in reversing the question entirely. He wanted students to “rate” the professors. That is, he would have each student fill out a form (Form 1) so that he would know, when he checked over the combined reports of the students, what they thought regarding the actual work and the weaknesses of the different professors. This would enable him to be of greater assistance to the different professors in overcoming their weaknesses and improve the general teaching at Texas A. & M. College. There seem to be several ways that professors treat and think of their students. One professor introduces his students to all visitors as if they were honored guests, the other simply excuses himself and speaks to the student as, “Boy, . . .

The following experiments were planned at the suggestion of Dr. G. S. Fraps, Chief, Division of Chemistry of the Texas Experiment Station, in an effort to discover, if possible, the comparative values of proteins from different sources in feeding baby chicks. Baby chicks in this state are ordinarily kept on baby chick starter for five weeks and then changed to a growing mash, so these experiments were run for a period of five weeks. The chicks used in these experiments came from three breeds, about half of them were Leghorns, one-fourth Barred Plymouth Rocks, and one-fourth Rhode Island Reds. Strange to say, the smallest chicks shown in the tables were among the Barred Plymouth Rocks, though a few of the Leghorn pullets were quite small. Experiment one was run during March, 1927, in the regular hatching season. The second experiment was run during late May and June of the same . . .

The oxidation of methylene-3,3′- and -1,1′-di-indolizines with quinones has been studied. 1,1′,2,2′-Tetramethylmethylene-3,3′-di-indolizine gives products of hydride-transfer and cyclodehydrogenation whose structures have been elucidated.

It is apparent that much of the congestion in road traffic is due to interference between vehicles at intersections, and this has led to the appearance of several mathematical discussions of the problems of delay at intersections of various types (Cohen and Stam (1963), Cohen and de Lange (1965), Hawkes (1965), (1966), Tanner (1962), Weiss and Maradudin (1962)). Comparatively little work has appeared on the problem of delay caused by vehicles turning right* across an opposing stream of vehicles, although Hawkes (1966) and Newell (1959) discuss this problem explicitly, and the models considered by all of these authors may be regarded as having some application to the right-turning problem. The characteristic feature of the problem considered here is that it concerns two traffic streams, neither of which has overriding priority, but either of which may control the intersection at any time: thus in both streams there are vehicles which turn right and these may be released either by a suitable gap in the opposing stream or by the arrival of an opposing right-turning vehicle. Of the authors mentioned above Hawkes (1963), Newell (1959), and Tanner (1953) considered in their models two streams neither of which had complete priority over the other, but in their cases the mechanism by which control of the junction passed from one stream to the other differed from that considered here. The model used in this paper is a simplified version of the model of Cohen and Stam (1963), adapted to the right-turning situation.

6a-Thiathiophthen has been synthesised in 12% overall yield by the sequence γ-pyrone → 4H-pyran-4-thione → 1-oxa-6,6a-dithiapentalene → 6a-thiathiophthen.

The events leading up to Spacelab mission 4, which is to be dedicated exclusively to life sciences experimentation in 1984-85, are described. Out of 400 experiment proposals initially received and assessed, 87 candidates were chosen for definition studies to identify the resources which would be required. These proposals addressed such problems encountered in previous space flights as space motion sickness, cardiovascular deconditioning and muscle wasting, calcium loss, and red cell mass reduction. Additional experiments were selected from bioengineering, plant physiology, and cell biology. Human subjects will consist of a Mission Specialist Astronaut and up to four Payload Specialists. Equipment to be used in experimentation includes biotelemetry systems, microscopes, cameras, centrifuges and refrigerators, all of which have been designed for use in weightless conditions. The 87 candidate experiments will be further reduced to about 20.